Publications

electron transfer proteins of the purple phototrophic bacterium, rhodopseudomonas rutila.	the soluble electron transfer protein content of rhodopseudomonas rutila was found to consist of two basic cytochromes and a (4fe-4s) ferredoxin. cytochrome c' was easily identified by its characteristic high spin absorption spectra. the native molecular weight is 29,000 and the subunit is 14,000. cytochrome c-550 has low spin absorption spectra and a high redox potential (376 mv) typical of cytochromes c2. the molecular weight is about 14,000. the ferredoxin is apparently a dimer (43,000) of ap ...	1991	1654788
structural and functional features of pseudomonas cytochrome c peroxidase.	the secondary structure of pseudomonas cytochrome c peroxidase (ferrocytochrome c: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, ec 1.11.1.5) has been predicted from the established amino acid sequence of the enzyme using a chou-fasman-type algorithm. the amount of alpha-helicity thus obtained is in agreement with previously obtained results based on circular dichroic measurements at far uv. the two heme c moieties of the enzyme have earlier been shown to have widely different characteristics, e.g., the red ...	1991	1657179
an improved tn7-based system for the single-copy insertion of cloned genes into chromosomes of gram-negative bacteria.	a system is described for the single-copy, stable insertion of cloned dna sequences into the chromosomes of gram- bacteria. two narrow-host-range plasmids form the basis of this system: the 'carrier' plasmid contains the mini tn7-km transposon, into which foreign dna can be cloned; the 'helper' plasmid provides the tn7 transposition functions in trans. both plasmids are readily transferred into gram- bacteria by conjugation. the functionality of this system has been demonstrated in rhodospirillu ...	1991	1661697
immunological cross-reactivity between proton-pumping inorganic pyrophosphatases of widely phylogenic separated species.	immunological cross-reactivity among three types of inorganic pyrophosphatases, that is, the proton pumping inorganic pyrophosphate synthase (h(+)-ppi synthase) and the soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase, both from rhodospirillum rubrum, and the vacuolar membrane inorganic pyrophosphatase (h(+)-ppase) from mung bean (vigna radiata), were examined by means of immunoblot analyses. antibodies raised against the mung bean h(+)-ppase cross-reacted with the h(+)-ppi synthase from r. rubrum but not with ...	1991	1662506
an electrochemical assay for the characterization of redox proteins from biological electron transfer chains.	a sensitive and quick assay for redox proteins based on electrochemical titrations in a thin-layer electrochemical cell is described. using a combination of modified-electrode and "mediator-enhanced" electrochemistry, equilibration of the cell volume (4 microliters) with the applied potential allows series of spectra as a function of the potential to be recorded rapidly. a complete redox titration between +500 and -600 mv (vs ag/agcl/3 m kcl) in 30-mv intervals takes approximately 2 h. the detec ...	1991	1667456
reactivation of the chloroplast cf1-atpase beta subunit by trace amounts of the cf1 alpha subunit suggests a chaperonin-like activity for cf1 alpha.	incubation of tobacco and lettuce thylakoids with 2 m licl in the presence of mgatp removes the beta subunit from their cf1-atpase (cf1 beta) together with varying amounts of the cf1 alpha subunit (cf1 alpha). these 2 m licl extracts, as with the one obtained from spinach thylakoids (avital, s., and gromet-elhanan, z. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 7067-7072), could form active hybrid atpases when reconstituted into inactive beta-less rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores. pure cf1 beta fractions tha ...	1991	1673460
identification of a groes-like chaperonin in mitochondria that facilitates protein folding.	mitochondria contain a polypeptide that is functionally equivalent to escherichia coli chaperonin 10 (cpn10; also known as groes). this mitochondrial cpn10 has been identified in beef and rat liver and is able to replace bacterial cpn10 in the chaperonin-dependent reconstitution of chemically denatured ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. thus, like the bacterial homologue, mitochondrial cpn10 facilitates a k(+)- and mg.atp-dependent discharge of unfolded (or partially folded) ribulose bisphos ...	1990	1977163
the cloning and functional characterization of the nifh gene of rhodospirillum rubrum.	dinitrogenase reductase (the nifh product) from rhodospirillum rubrum is regulated by a post-translational modification system encoded by dratg. as demonstrated in this report, the cloning, sequencing, and functional characterization of the nifh gene provides a basis for further analysis as well as revealing interesting features of gene organization. the coding regions of nifh and drat are separated by only 400 bp, though the genes are divergently transcribed and differentially regulated. the co ...	1990	1979299
complementation of a pleiotropic nif-gln regulatory mutant of rhodospirillum rubrum by a previously unrecognized azotobacter vinelandii regulatory locus.	a spontaneous pleiotropic nif- mutation in rhodospirillum rubrum has been partially characterized biochemically and by complementation analysis with recombinant plasmids carrying azotobacter vinelandii dna in the vicinity of orf12 [jacobson et al. (1989) j. bacteriol 171: 1017-1027]. in addition to being unable to grow on n2 as a nitrogen source the phenotypic characterization of this and other metronidazole enriched spontaneous mutants showed (a) no nitrogenase activity, (b) the absence of nifh ...	1990	1980582
soluble cytochromes and a photoactive yellow protein isolated from the moderately halophilic purple phototrophic bacterium, rhodospirillum salexigens.	three soluble cytochromes were found in two strains of the halophilic non-sulfur purple bacterium rhodospirillum salexigens. these are cytochromes c2, c and c-551. cytochrome c2 was recognized by the presence of positive charge at the site of electron transfer (measured by laser flash photolysis), although the protein has an overall negative charge (pi = 4.7). cytochrome c2 has a high redox potential (300 mv) and is monomeric (13 kda). cytochrome c was recognized from its characteristic absorpti ...	1990	2158819
assignments of 15n and 1h nmr resonances and a neutral ph ionization in rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome c2.	the phi nh proton and 15n resonances of the ligand histidine of rhodospirillum rubrum fericytochrome c2 are found at 14.7 and 184 ppm, respectively, contradicting the proposal that this proton is absent in the r. rubrum ferricytochrome. substitution of the deuterium atom for this proton causes small upfield shifts of the phi nitrogen in both oxidation states, indicating that the phi nh-peptide carboxyl hydrogen bond is not substantially weakened by the substitution. the proton and 15n resonances ...	1990	2159778
characterization of ph-dependent conformational heterogeneity in rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome c2 using 15n and 1h nmr.	the 15n-enriched ferricytochrome c2 from rhodospirillum rubrum has been studied by 15n and 1h nmr spectroscopy as a function of ph. the 15n resonances of the heme and ligand tau nitrogen are broadened beyond detection because of paramagnetic relaxation. the 15n resonance of the ligand histidine phi nitrogen was unambiguously identified at 184 ppm (ph 5.6). the 15n resonances of the single nonligand histidine are observed only at low ph, as in the ferrocytochrome because of the severe broadening ...	1990	2159779
resonance raman spectroscopy of cytochrome bc1 complexes from rhodospirillum rubrum: initial characterization and reductive titrations.	resonance raman spectra of bc1 complexes from rhodospirillum rubrum have been obtained. various resonance conditions and the stoichiometric redox titration of the complex were used to isolate and identify the contributions of the heme c1 and heme b active sites to the observed spectra. the complex was found to partially photoreduce when exposed to laser excitation.	1990	2165419
proton nmr study of the comparative electronic/magnetic properties and dynamics of the acid in equilibrium with alkaline transition in a series of ferricytochromes c'.	the proton nmr spectra of ferricytochrome c' from rhodopseudomonas palustris, rhodospirillum molischianum, rhodospirillum rubrum, and chromatium vinosum have been investigated for the purpose of further elucidating the common spectral and/or structural properties for this subclass of cytochromes in the acidic and alkaline forms, and to characterize in detail the dynamics and structural basis for this acid in equilibrium with alkaline transition. the identification of strongly upfield-shifted mes ...	1990	2168882
the pet genes of rhodospirillum rubrum: cloning and sequencing of the genes for the cytochrome bc1-complex.	a cytochrome bc1-complex of rs. rubrum was isolated and the three subunits were purified to homogeneity. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified subunits was determined by automatic edman degradation. the pet genes of rhodospirillum rubrum coding for the three subunits of the cytochrome bc1-complex were isolated from a genomic library of rs. rubrum using oligonucleotides specific for conserved regions of the subunits from other organisms and a heterologous probe derived from the genes ...	1990	2176269
antigenic sites on cytochrome c2 from rhodospirillum rubrum.	the antigenic determinants for three monoclonal antibodies against cytochrome c2 from rhodospirillum rubrum were partially characterized by differential chemical modification of free and antibody-bound cytochrome c2 and by cross-reactivity analysis with different antigens. circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to probe the effect of antibody binding on the conformation of cytochrome c2. the binding of two antibodies was strongly dependent on the native folding of the antigen. the first antibo ...	1990	1688799
[the surface membrane charge of bacteria and its role in serine proteinase secretion by bacillus subtilis cells].	univalent, bivalent and trivalent metal cations increase the fluorescence yield of 9-aminoacridine in the suspensions of chromatophores of the purple nonsulfur bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum isolated thylakoid membranes and cells of cyanobacterium anabaena variabilis, cells bacillus subtilis. the active cation concentrations increase about in 10 times with the decrease of their valency by one. it points to the fact that the changes in 9-aminoacridine fluorescence serve for the monitoring of the ...	1990	2112959
the contribution of the carotenoid to the visible circular dichroism of the light-harvesting antenna of rhodospirillum rubrum.	the visible c.d. spectrum of wild-type rhodospirillum rubrum shows positive bands [dratz, schultz & sauer (1966) brookhaven symp. biol. 19, 303-318] that are largely due to the b880 antenna pigments, bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. the bacteriochlorophyll c.d. band was absent from the spectrum of r. rubrum g9, a mutant unable to synthesize coloured carotenoids, and could be partly restored by adding extracted carotenoids to freeze-dried membrane vesicles isolated from that mutant. therefo ...	1990	2119174
determination of hopanoid levels in bacteria using high-performance liquid chromatography.	a reverse-phase hplc method to detect and quantify levels of hopanoids in bacteria has been developed. chromophores have been introduced by derivatization and the levels of the c35 hopanoids and their conjugates can be measured in bacterial lipid extracts down to picomole levels. some structural variations of the complex lipids were detected after derivatization and were easily purified using the same hplc system. zymomonas mobilis and rhodospirillum rubrum extracts were examined using this syst ...	1990	2109551
activation of the nickel-deficient carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from rhodospirillum rubrum: kinetic characterization and reductant requirement.	the requirements for and kinetics of the activation of the nickel-deficient (apo) co dehydrogenase from rhodospirillum rubrum by exogenous nickel have been investigated. the activation is strictly dependent upon the presence of a low-potential one-electron reductant. sodium dithionite and reduced methylviologen (e degrees' = -440 mv) are suitable reductants, whereas reduced indigo carmine (e degrees' = -125 mv) and the two-electron reductants sodium borohydride, nadh, and dithiothreitol are inef ...	1990	2109635
truncation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) from rhodospirillum rubrum affects the holoenzyme assembly and activity.	truncations of the subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) from rhodospirillum rubrum were generated by site-directed mutagenesis to examine the role of the c-terminal tail section. removal of the last and the penultimate alpha-helices in the tail section changes the quaternary structure of the protein. electrophoretic and electron microscope analysis revealed that the truncated subunits assemble into an octamer, whereas the wild-type enzyme has a dimeric structure. the ...	1990	2109693
probing the bacteriochlorophyll binding site by reconstitution of the light-harvesting complex of rhodospirillum rubrum with bacteriochlorophyll a analogues.	structural features of bacteriochlorophyll (bchl) a that are required for binding to the light-harvesting proteins of rhodospirillum rubrum were determined by testing for reconstitution of the b873 or b820 (structural subunit of b873) light-harvesting complexes with bchl a analogues. the results indicate that the binding site is very specific; of the analogues tested, only derivatives of bchl a with ethyl, phytyl, and geranylgeranyl esterifying alcohols and bchl b (phytyl) successfully reconstit ...	1990	2110819
cellular differentiation in the process of generation of the eukaryotic cell.	primitive atmosphere of the earth did not contain oxygen gas (o2) when the proto-cells were generated successfully as the result of chemical evolution and then evolved. therefore, they first had acquired anaerobic energy metabolism, fermentation. the cellular metabolisms have often been formed by reorganizing to combine or recombinate between pre-existing metabolisms and newly born bioreactions. photosynthetic metabolism in eukaryotic chloroplast consists of an electron-transfer photosystem and ...	1990	2103939
an engineered change in substrate specificity of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.	the potential for altering the specificity of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase toward gaseous substrates is explored through a modest perturbation of the active site microenvironment. specifically, replacement of active site glu-48 with carboxy-methylcysteine is achieved in a two-step process in which the catalytically incompetent cys-48 mutant protein is first generated and then treated with iodoacetic acid. this regimen of concerted site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification ...	1990	2104836
spectroscopic characterization of the light-harvesting complex of rhodospirillum rubrum and its structural subunit.	the spectroscopic properties of the light-harvesting complex of rhodospirillum rubrum, b873, and a detergent-isolated subunit form, b820, are presented. absorption and circular dichroism spectra suggest excitonically interacting bacteriochlorophyll alpha (bchl alpha) molecules give b820 its unique spectroscopic properties. resonance raman results indicate that bchl alpha is 5-coordinate in both b820 and b873 but that the interactions with the bchl c2 acetyl in b820 and b873 are different. the re ...	1990	2105744
reversible adp-ribosylation is demonstrated to be a regulatory mechanism in prokaryotes by heterologous expression.	the primary product of biological nitrogen fixation, ammonia, reversibly regulates nitrogenase activity in a variety of diazotrophs by a process called "nh4(+)-switch-off/on." strong correlative evidence from work in azospirillum lipoferum and rhodospirillum rubrum indicates that this regulation involves both the inactivation of dinitrogenase reductase by dinitrogenase reductase adp-ribosyltransferase and the reactivation by dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase. the genes encoding t ...	1990	2106680
cloning and expression of dratg genes from azospirillum lipoferum.	a genomic library of azospirillum lipoferum was constructed with phage lambda embl4 as vector. from this library, the genes encoding dinitrogenase reductase adp-ribosyltransferase (drat), drat, and dinitrogenase reductase-activating glycohydrolase (drag), drag, were cloned by hybridization with the heterologous probes of rhodospirillum rubrum. as in r. rubrum, drat is located between drag and nifh, the gene encoding dinitrogenase reductase (a substrate for the drag/drat system). in the crude ext ...	1990	2107127
examination of the intersubunit interaction between glutamate-48 and lysine-168 of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase by site-directed mutagenesis.	the active site of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase is constituted from domains of adjacent subunits and includes an intersubunit electrostatic interaction between lys 168 and glu48, which has been recently identified by x-ray crystallography (andersson, i., knight, s., schneider, g., lindqvist, y., lundqvist, t., brändén, c.-i., and lorimer, g.h. (1989) nature 337, 229-234; lundqvist, t., and schneider, g. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 7078-7083). to examine the structural and functiona ...	1990	1969412
isolation and characterization of a structural subunit from the core light-harvesting complex of rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 and puc705-ba.	a method for isolating a structural subunit, b825, from the b875 core light-harvesting complex (lhc) of rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 (wild-type) and a b800-b850(-) mutant, puc705-ba, is presented. this method, based on one developed to prepare a similar subunit, b820, from the core lhc of rhodospirillum rubrum [miller et al., biochemistry 26, 5055-5062 (1987)], requires the dissociation of treated chromatophores with the detergent, octyl-glucoside. a subsequent gel filtration step separates b80 ...	1990	2089436
crystallographic refinement and structure of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from rhodospirillum rubrum at 1.7 a resolution.	the amino acid sequence of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodospirillum rubrum has been fitted to the electron density maps. the resulting protein model has been refined to a nominal resolution of 1.7 a using the constrained-restrained least-squares refinement program of sussman and the restrained least-squares refinement program of hendrickson & konnert. the crystallographic refinement, based on 76,452 reflections with f greater than sigma (f) in the resolution range 5.5 ...	1990	2107319
atp-dependent and nad-dependent modification of glutamine synthetase from rhodospirillum rubrum in vitro.	glutamine synthetase from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum is the target of both atp- and nad-dependent modification. incubation of r. rubrum cell supernatant with [alpha-32p]nad results in the labeling of glutamine synthetase and two other unidentified proteins. dinitrogenase reductase adp-ribosyltransferase does not appear to be responsible for the modification of glutamine synthetase or the unidentified proteins. the [alpha-32p]atp- and [alpha-32p] nad-dependent modification ...	1990	1974253
comparison of the crystal structures of l2 and l8s8 rubisco suggests a functional role for the small subunit.	comparison of the crystal structures of the l2 and l8s8 forms of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from rhodospirillum rubrum and spinach respectively, reveals a remarkable similarity in the overall architecture of the l2 building blocks in the two enzymes. within the l subunits, no large conformational differences such as domain-domain rotations were found. in spite of a somewhat different packing of the l subunits in the l2 dimer, the active sites of the two enzymes are highly conserved. s ...	1990	2113466
carboxylterminal deletion mutants of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from rhodospirillum rubrum.	the carboxylterminal octapeptide of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from rhodospirillum rubrum, which lacks small subunits, shows homology to a highly conserved region near the amino terminus of the small subunits of hexadecameric ribulosebisphosphate carboxylases, which are composed of large and small subunits. truncations of the r. rubrum enzyme, which partially or completely deleted the region of homology, demonstrated that the region is not an important determinant of the catalytic efficien ...	1990	2114311
chromatographic and protein chemical analysis of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase isolated from rhodobacter sphaeroides.	the ubiquinol-cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase (cytochrome bc1 complex) purified from chromatophores of rhodobacter sphaeroides consists of four polypeptide subunits corresponding to cytochrome b, c1, and the rieske iron-sulfur protein, as well as a 14-kda polypeptide of unknown function, respectively. in contrast, the complex isolated from rhodospirillum rubrum by the same procedure lacked a polypeptide corresponding to the 14-kda subunit. gel-permeation chromatography of the r. sphaeroides cytochr ...	1990	2153104
molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of cytochrome c2 from rhodospirillum rubrum.	cytochrome c2 (mr 12,840) of the purple photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum functions as a mobile electron carrier in the cyclic photosynthetic electron-transport system of this organism. it acts as the electron donor to photochemically oxidized reaction centres and is reduced in turn by electrons from the cytochrome bc1 complex. by using synthetic oligonucleotides based on the known amino acid sequence of the protein, the structural gene (cyca) has been identified and isolated. dna s ...	1990	2154194
electron transfer between primary and secondary donors in rhodospirillum rubrum: evidence for a dimeric association of reaction centers.	light-induced oxidation of the primary electron donor p and of the secondary donor cytochrome c2 was studied in whole cells of rhodospirillum rubrum in the presence of myxothiazole to slow down their reduction. 1. the primary and secondary electron donors are close to thermodynamic equilibrium during continuous illumination when the rate of the electron transfer is light-limited. this implies a long-range thermodynamic equilibration involving the diffusible cytochrome c2. a different behavior is ...	1990	2112407
versatile protein engineering vectors for mutagenesis, expression and hybrid enzyme formation.		1990	2158660
nitrogenase in the archaebacterium methanosarcina barkeri 227.	the discovery of nitrogen fixation in the archaebacterium methanosarcina barkeri 227 raises questions concerning the similarity of archaebacterial nitrogenases to mo and alternative nitrogenases in eubacteria. a scheme for achieving a 20- to 40-fold partial purification of nitrogenase components from strain 227 was developed by using protamine sulfate precipitation, followed by using a fast protein liquid chromatography apparatus operated inside an anaerobic glove box. as in eubacteria, the nitr ...	1990	2254255
supramolecular arrangement of rhodospirillum rubrum b880 holochrome as studied by radiation inactivation and electron paramagnetic resonance.	oxidation of the b880 antenna holochrome gives rise to a 3.8-g linewidth electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) signal that is considerably narrower than the 13-g signal of monomeric bacteriochlorophyll (bchl) cation. radiation inactivation was used to verify a model according to which this linewidth narrowing is due to delocalization over several bchl molecules. chromatophores of the photoreaction centerless mutant f24 of rhodospirillum rubrum were subjected to different doses of gamma-radiation ...	1990	11607076
analysis of chromophytic and rhodophytic ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase indicates extensive structural and functional similarities among evolutionarily diverse algae.	ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) from the algae olisthodiscus luteus (chromophyte) and griffithsia pacifica (rhodophyte) are remarkably similar to each other. however, both enzymes differ significantly in the structure and function when compared to rubisco from green algae and land plants. analysis of purified rubisco from o. luteus and g. pacifica indicates that the size of the holoenzyme and stoichiometry of the 55 and 15 kilodalton subunit polypeptides are approximately 550 kil ...	1989	16667160
carbonyl sulfide: an alternate substrate for but not an activator of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase.	carbonyl sulfide, a competitive inhibitor of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase with respect to co2 (laing, w. a., and christeller, j. t. (1980) arch. biochem. biophys. 202, 592-600), is an alternate substrate. thiocarboxylation was monitored by mass spectrometry as the stoichiometric consumption of carbonyl sulfide. the product, 1-thio-3-phosphoglycerate, was identified by 13c nmr and uv absorption spectroscopy and measured by enzymic conversion to thiolactate, coupled to the oxidation of nadh. ...	1989	2492523
ammonium inhibition of nitrogenase activity in herbaspirillum seropedicae.	the effect of oxygen, ammonium ion, and amino acids on nitrogenase activity in the root-associated n2-fixing bacterium herbaspirillum seropedicae was investigated in comparison with azospirillum spp. and rhodospirillum rubrum. h. seropedicae is microaerophilic, and its optimal dissolved oxygen level is from 0.04 to 0.2 kpa for dinitrogen fixation but higher when it is supplied with fixed nitrogen. no nitrogenase activity was detected when the dissolved o2 level corresponded to 4.0 kpa. ammonium, ...	1989	2498287
the orientation of substrate and reaction intermediates in the active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase.	there are four possible orientations of the substrate ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate in the active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. distinction between these four possible orientations has been made on the basis of 31p nmr and borohydride-trapping experiments. the orientation of the reaction-intermediate analog, 2'-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate with respect to the divalent metal ion was determined by 31p nmr studies of the quaternary complex, enzyme.co2.ni2+.2'-carboxyarabinitol ...	1989	2498340
examination of subunit interactions at the active site of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodospirillum rubrum by hybridization of site-directed mutants.	the two active sites of homodimeric ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodospirillum rubrum are constituted by interacting domains of adjacent subunits, in which residues from each are required for catalytic activity. active-site residues include lys-166 of one domain and glu-48 of the interacting domain from the adjacent subunit. whereas all substitutions for lys-166, introduced by site-directed mutagenesis, abolished catalytic activity, only a negatively charged residue (e.g., a ...	1989	2500136
a cyanobacterial mutant requiring the expression of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from a photosynthetic anaerobe.	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase is essential for both photoautotrophic and photoheterotrophic growth of the cyanobacterium synechocystis 6803. however, a mutant lacking cyanobacterial carboxylase could be obtained by replacing the natural carboxylase gene with the corresponding gene from rhodospirillum rubrum, a photosynthetic anaerobe. this treatment produced an organism whose growth depended on the activity of the structurally and functionally dissimilar foreign carboxylase. as a further con ...	1989	2503824
linear optimization of predictors for secondary structure. application to transbilayer segments of membrane proteins.	sliding-window averaging of amino acid properties is a standard method for predicting protein secondary structure. for example, transmembrane segments are predicted to occur near the peaks in a hydropathy plot of a membrane protein. such a scheme (linear convolutional recognizer, lcr) assigns a number (weight) to each type of monomer, and then convolutes some window function with the sequence of weights. the window has commonly been rectangular, and the weights derived from singlet amino acid fr ...	1989	2685329
crystal structure of the complex of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and a transition state analogue, 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate.	the crystal structure of the binary complex of nonactivated ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodospirillum rubrum and a transition state analogue, 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate has been determined to 2.6 a resolution with x-ray crystallographic methods. the transition state analogue binds in a rather extended conformation at the active site. the orientation of the transition state analogue within the active site could be determined from the electron density maps. t ...	1989	2708355
1h-nmr studies of high-potential iron-sulfur protein from the purple phototrophic bacterium, rhodospirillum tenue.	the high-potential iron-sulfur protein (hipip) from rhodospirillum tenue (strain 3761) shows only a weak (20-25%) sequence similarity to hipips from chromatium vinosum, ectothiorhodospira halophila and ectothiorhodospira vacuolata, including the strict conservation of only two of the twelve residues assumed to be in the 4fe-4s cluster packing region [tedro, s. m., meyer, t. e. and kamen, m. d. (1979) j. biol. chem. 254, 1495-1500]. in spite of these differences, the general range and distributio ...	1989	2714284
rhodospirillum centenum, sp. nov., a thermotolerant cyst-forming anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium.	a novel non-sulfur purple photosynthetic bacterium, designated rhodospirillum centenum, was isolated from an enrichment culture designed to favor growth of anoxygenic photosynthetic n2-fixing bacteria. r. centenum grows optimally at 40-42 degrees c and has the capacity to produce cytoplasmic 'r bodies', refractile structures not observed hitherto in photosynthetic prokaryotes. the bacterium is also unusual among photosynthetic bacteria in that it forms desiccation-resistant cysts when grown aero ...	1989	2757370
isolation, characterization, and biological activity of ferredoxin-nad+ reductase from the methane oxidizer methylosinus trichosporium ob3b.	a ferredoxin-nad+ oxidoreductase (ec 1.18.1.3) has been isolated from extracts of the obligate methanotroph methylosinus trichosporium ob3b. this enzyme was shown to couple electron flow from formate dehydrogenase (nad+ requiring) to ferredoxin. ferredoxin-nad+ reductase was purified to homogeneity by conventional chromatography techniques and was shown to be a flavoprotein with a molecular weight of 36,000 +/- 1,000. this ferredoxin reductase was specific for nadh (km, 125 microm) and coupled e ...	1989	2768195
evolution of antioxidant mechanisms: thiol-dependent peroxidases and thioltransferase among procaryotes.	glutathione peroxidase and glutathione s-transferase both utilize glutathione (gsh) to destroy organic hydroperoxides, and these enzymes are thought to serve an antioxidant function in mammalian cells by catalyzing the destruction of lipid hydroperoxides. only two groups of procaryotes, the purple bacteria and the cyanobacteria, produce gsh, and we show in the present work that representatives from these two groups (escherichia coli, beneckea alginolytica, rhodospirillum rubrum, chromatium vinos ...	1989	2515292
carbonyl sulfide inhibition of co dehydrogenase from rhodospirillum rubrum.	carbonyl sulfide (cos) has been investigated as a rapid-equilibrium inhibitor of co oxidation by the co dehydrogenase purified from rhodospirillum rubrum. the kinetic evidence suggests that the inhibition by cos is largely competitive versus co (ki = 2.3 microm) and uncompetitive versus methylviologen as electron acceptor (ki = 15.8 microm). the data are compatible with a ping-pong mechanism for co oxidation and cos inhibition. unlike the substrate co, cos does not reduce the iron-sulfur centers ...	1989	2510818
coupling of atp hydrolysis to phosphate uptake in rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores under the influence of ca2+ and mg2+.	the pi-atp exchange and atp hydrolytic reactions, by the f0f1 complex, were studied in rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores in the dark. an optimal ph between 7.0 and 8.5 was determined for the hydrolytic and exchange reactions. under these conditions, the hydrolysis/exchange ratio was approximately 2. the kinetic analysis of the hydrolytic and exchange reactions using mg-atp as substrate showed a change in the hydrolysis/exchange ratio that varied between 2.0 and 2.8 as the substrate concentrat ...	1989	2512287
ability of the phototrophic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum to produce various poly (beta-hydroxyalkanoates): potential sources for biodegradable polyesters.	studies have been carried out in order to optimize growth and culture conditions for the intracellular formation of poly(beta-hydroxyalkanoates) (pha) in the phototrophic, purple, non-sulphur bacterium rhodospirilum rubrum. its potential to produce novel copolymers was investigated. recently, it has become of industrial interest to evaluate these polyesters as potentially biodegradable plastics for a wide range of possible applications. on an industrial scale, the use of photosynthetic bacteria ...	1989	2518731
atp-synthesis by proteoliposomes incorporating rhodospirillum rubrum f0f1 as measured with firefly luciferase: dependence on delta psi and delta ph.	atp-synthesis catalyzed by proteoliposomes incorporating rhodospirillum rubrum f0f1 was driven by artificially applied electrochemical proton gradients. the time-course of atp-synthesis was followed continuously by means of firefly luciferase. correction methods were developed which allow one to calculate the initial rate of atp-synthesis from the observed luminescence kinetics. the following results were obtained: (1) atp-synthesis occurred above a threshold delta mu h+ of 90 mv; this threshold ...	1989	2528991
amount and turnover rate of the f0f1-atpase and the stoichiometry of its inhibition by oligomycin in rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores.	the amount of f1-atpase in chromatophores from rhodospirillum rubrum was determined by western blotting using anti-rrf1 rabbit antibodies. 9.1 mmol f1 (mol bacteriochlorophyll)-1 was obtained or 14% of the total protein content of the chromatophores. the turnover rate of the f0f1-atpase was 17 molecules atp s-1 during synthesis, 2 molecules atp s-1 during hydrolysis under coupled conditions with mg2+ as the divalent cation, and 7 molecules atp s-1 during hydrolysis in the presence of carbonyl cy ...	1989	2532130
f1-atpase from rhodopseudomonas blastica.		1989	2535110
the effect of equisetin on energy-linked reactions in rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores.	light-induced proton uptake, light-induced carotenoid absorbance shift, photophosphorylation, and hydrolysis of mg-atp, ca-atp, and ppi in rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores are shown to be inhibited by the antibiotic equisetin. the mg- and ca-atpase activities of purified f0f1-atpase are inhibited by equisetin. in contrast, only the ca-atpase activity of purified f1-atpase is decreased by equisetin, whereas the mg-atpase is stimulated. both equisetin and n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (dccd) i ...	1989	2536535
extended x-ray absorption fine structure study of rhodospirillum rubrum and rhodospirillum molischianum cytochromes c': relationship between heme stereochemistry and spin state.	an exafs study on the oxidized and reduced forms of cytochromes c' from rhodospirillum rubrum and rhodospirillum molischianum was performed at ph 7. the cytochromes c' have an apparent coordination number of 5 in both oxidation states. average fe-ligand bond lengths of 2.02 +/- 0.025 and 2.06 +/- 0.025 a are obtained in their oxidized and reduced forms, respectively. by use of suitable values for the fe-nhis bond length and fe out-of-plane displacement, as determined by small molecule crystallog ...	1989	2541757
steric and hydrophobic effects in alkyl isocyanide binding to rhodospirillum molischianum cytochrome c'.	equilibrium constants for the binding of a series of alkyl isocyanides to ferrous cytochrome c' from rhodospirillum molischianum have been measured spectrophotometrically. the equilibrium constants range from 3.3 m-1 to 2.6 x 10(2) m-1 and follow the order methyl greater than ethyl less than n-propyl less than tert-butyl less than n-butyl less than amyl less than cyclohexyl less than n-hexyl. the decrease in equilibrium constant from methyl to ethyl isocyanide provides evidence for a steric inte ...	1989	2541775
examination of the function of active site lysine 329 of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase as revealed by the proton exchange reaction.	diverse approaches that include site-directed mutagenesis have indicated a catalytic role of lys-329 of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodospirillum rubrum. to determine whether lys-329 is required for the initial enolization of ribulose bisphosphate or for some subsequent step in the overall reaction pathway, the competence of position 329 mutant proteins (devoid of carboxylase activity) in catalyzing exchange of solvent protons with the c-3 proton of substrate has now been ex ...	1989	2545684
the rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome bc1 complex: peptide composition, prosthetic group content and quinone binding.	a cytochrome bc1 complex, essentially free of bacteriochlorophyll, has been purified from the photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum. the complex catalyzes electron flow from quinol to cytochrome c (turnover number = 75 s-1) that is inhibited by low concentrations of antimycin a and myxothiazol. the complex contains only three peptide subunits: cytochrome b (mr = 35,000); cytochrome c1 (mr = 31,000) and the rieske iron-sulfur protein (mr = 22,400). em values (ph 7.4) we ...	1989	2548618
characterization of four herbicide-resistant mutants of rhodopseudomonas viridis by genetic analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance, and optical spectroscopy.	herbicides of the triazine class block electron transfer in the photosynthetic reaction centers of purple bacteria and psii of higher plants. they are thought to act by competing with one of the electron acceptors, the secondary quinone, qb, for its binding site. several mutants of the purple bacterium rhodopseudomonas viridis resistant to terbutryn [2-(methylthio)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(tert-butylamino)-s-triazine] have been isolated by their ability to grow photosynthetically in the presence of the ...	1989	2550055
identification of a ni- and fe-containing cluster in rhodospirillum rubrum carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.	methyl viologen-oxidized carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (codh) from rhodospirillum rubrum exhibits complex epr. comparison to epr of oxidized apo-codh (codh from which ni is lacking) leads to the identification of signals whose intensity is correlated with the presence of ni. 61ni labeling observably broadens the sharpest feature of these signals, as does 57fe. r. rubrum codh thus contains a cluster containing both ni and fe. the epr associated with this cluster is unlike any epr previously attri ...	1989	2550436
purification and partial characterization of glutamine synthetase from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum.	glutamine synthetase (l-glutamate: ammonia ligase (adp-forming), ec 6.3.1.2) from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum grown under nitrogen fixing conditions has been purified to homogeneity. the purification procedure involves affinity chromatography on adp-agarose type 2 as the major purification step. the recovery in the purification is 70%. the specific activity of the purified enzyme is about 10-times higher in the gamma-glutamyl transferase assay than in the coupled biosynthe ...	1989	2562919
regulation of nitrogenase activity by reversible adp ribosylation.		1989	2575970
effect of nucleotides on the activity of dinitrogenase reductase adp-ribosyltransferase from rhodospirillum rubrum.	the mechanism by which mgadp stimulates the activity of dinitrogenase reductase adp-ribosyltransferase (drat) has been examined by using dinitrogenase reductases from rhodospirillum rubrum, klebsiella pneumoniae, and azotobacter vinelandii as acceptor substrates. in the presence of 0.2 mm nad, maximal rates of adp-ribosylation of all three acceptors were observed at an adp concentration of 150 microm; in the absence of added adp, drat activity with the dinitrogenase reductases from r. rubrum and ...	1989	2504283
nickel is required for the transfer of electrons from carbon monoxide to the iron-sulfur center(s) of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from rhodospirillum rubrum.	the role of nickel in co oxidation and electron flow was investigated in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from rhodospirillum rubrum. the fe-s centers of oxidized, nickel-containing (holo) co dehydrogenase were completely reduced within 1 min of exposure to co. the fe-s centers of oxidized, nickel-deficient (apo) co dehydrogenase were not reduced during a 35-min incubation in the presence of co. apo-co dehydrogenase fe-s centers were reduced by dithionite. the fe-s centers of cyanide-inhibited, hol ...	1989	2504284
nickel-specific, slow-binding inhibition of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from rhodospirillum rubrum by cyanide.	the inhibition of purified carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from rhodospirillum rubrum by cyanide was investigated in both the presence and absence of co and electron acceptor. the inhibition was a time-dependent process exhibiting pseudo-first-order kinetics under both sets of conditions. the true second-order rate constants for inhibition were 72.2 m-1 s-1 with both substrates present and 48.9 and 79.5 m-1 s-1, respectively, for the reduced and oxidized enzymes incubated with cyanide. co partiall ...	1989	2504285
posttranslational regulatory system for nitrogenase activity in azospirillum spp.	the mechanism for "nh4+ switch-off/on" of nitrogenase activity in azospirillum brasilense and a. lipoferum was investigated. a correlation was established between the in vivo regulation of nitrogenase activity by nh4cl or glutamine and the reversible covalent modification of dinitrogenase reductase. dinitrogenase reductase adp-ribosyltransferase (drat) activity was detected in extracts of a. brasilense with nad as the donor molecule. dinitrogenase reductase-activating glycohydrolase (drag) activ ...	1989	2504694
mapping of the puh messenger rnas from rhodospirillum rubrum. evidence for tandem promoters.	the mrna transcripts of rhodospirillum rubrum gene puh, coding for the h subunit of the photoreaction center, and of genes flanking puh were analyzed by blot hybridization. open reading frame g115, upstream of structural gene puh, is transcribed as a 2.25-kilobase mrna. gene puh itself is transcribed as two mrnas of 1118 and 1032 nucleotides. mung bean nuclease protection analysis shows that the puh transcripts have different 5' termini within open reading frame g115 and a unique rho-independent ...	1989	2499583
delta ph driven energy-linked nad+ reduction in rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores.	an artificial proton gradient provided sufficient energy to drive reverse electron transport from succinate to nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase in chromatophores isolated from rhodospirillum rubrum. the ph gradient created was able to reduce nad+. in chromatophores, the optimal rate of nad+ reduction was about 0.4-0.45 mumol nadh formed/min.mumol bacteriochlorophyll at delta ph 3. the presence of oligomycin was an obligate factor in the assay in order to observe the maximal rate of nad+ reduction. ...	1989	2505679
demonstration and partial characterization of adp-ribosylation in pseudomonas maltophilia.	adp-ribosylation of proteins occurs in many eukaryotes, and it is also the mechanism of action of a growing number of important bacterial toxins. to date, however, there is only one well-characterized adp-ribosylation system where the adp-ribosyltransferase and the substrate protein are both bacterial in origin, namely within the nitrogen-fixing bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum. the present paper demonstrates the endogenous adp-ribosylation of two proteins of mr 32,000 and 20,000 within pseudomon ...	1989	2505752
crystal structure of the binary complex of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and its product, 3-phospho-d-glycerate.	the crystal structure of the binary complex of non-activated ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodospirillum rubrum and its product 3-phospho-d-glycerate has been determined to 2.9-a resolution. this structure determination confirms the proposed location of the active site (schneider, g., lindqvist, y., brändén, c.-i., and lorimer, g. (1986) embo j. 5, 3409-3415) at the carboxyl end of the beta-strands of the alpha/beta-barrel in the carboxyl-terminal domain. one molecule of ...	1989	2492987
regulation of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and hydrogenase in rhodospirillum rubrum: effects of co and oxygen on synthesis and activity.	exposure of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum to carbon monoxide led to increased carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and hydrogenase activities due to de novo protein synthesis of both enzymes. two-dimensional gels of [35s]methionine-pulse-labeled cells showed that induction of co dehydrogenase synthesis was rapidly initiated (less than 5 min upon exposure to co) and was inhibited by oxygen. both co dehydrogenase and the co-induced hydrogenase were inactivated by oxygen in vivo and i ...	1989	2498285
genes coding for the reversible adp-ribosylation system of dinitrogenase reductase from rhodospirillum rubrum.	nitrogen fixation activity in the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum is controlled by the reversible adp-ribosylation of the dinitrogenase reductase component of the nitrogenase enzyme complex. this report describes the cloning and characterization of the genes encoding the adp-ribosyltransferase (drat) and the adp-ribosylglycohydrolase (drag) involved in this regulation. these genes are shown to be contiguous on the r. rubrum chromosome and highly linked to the nifhdk genes. sequenc ...	1989	2506427
protein phosphorylation and control of excitation energy transfer in photosynthetic purple bacteria and cyanobacteria.	the function of phosphorylation of light-harvesting polypeptides is well characterised in chloroplasts of green plants, but the prokaryotic cyanobacteria and purple photosynthetic bacteria have quite different light-harvesting polypeptides whose structure and function cannot be controlled in precisely the same way. nevertheless, cyanobacteria show light-dependent phosphorylation of membrane polypeptides associated with photosystem ii and with the light-harvesting phycobilisome, and purple bacter ...	1989	2512993
protein phosphorylation in purple photosynthetic bacteria.	endogenous protein phosphorylation was shown in both in vitro and in vivo experiments in r. rubrum and in other purple photosynthetic bacteria. among the substrates of this protein kinase activity the apoproteins of the light harvesting complex were tentatively identified. phosphoamino acid analysis revealed the presence of phosphoserine, phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine in r. rubrum. a tyrosine kinase was partially purified in the same bacteria.	1989	2512995
division of divalent cations into two groups in relation to their effect on the coupling of the f0f1-atpase of rhodospirillum rubrum to the protonmotive force.	divalent cations are divided into two groups in relation to their ability to promote atp synthase catalyzed reactions. in the presence of mg2+, the following pattern rules: (i) uncoupler-stimulated atp hydrolysis of rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores which shows an optimum concentration of the divalent cation; (ii) atp-induced proton pumping in chromatophores; (iii) light-induced atp synthesis in chromatophores; (iv) no or very low atpase activity of purified f1-atpase unmasked by diethylstilb ...	1989	2482079
reversible adp-ribosylation of dinitrogenase reductase in a nifd- mutant of rhodospirillum rubrum.	dinitrogenase reductase from a rhodospirillum rubrum strain lacking dinitrogenase was reversibly adp-ribosylated in vivo in response to dark-light transitions. addition of ammonia also led to adp-ribosylation in this strain. these results demonstrate that reduced dinitrogenase is a satisfactory substrate for the reversible adp-ribosylation system of r. rubrum in vivo.	1989	2504701
functional expression of a rhodospirillum rubrum gene encoding dinitrogenase reductase adp-ribosyltransferase in enteric bacteria.	the function of the cloned drat gene of rhodospirillum rubrum was studied by placing it under the control of the tac promoter in the vector, pkk223-3. after induction with isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside, dinitrogenase reductase adp-ribosyltransferase (drat) activity was detected in crude extracts of the heterologous hosts escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. in addition, the expression of drat produced a nif- phenotype in the otherwise wild-type k. pneumoniae strains, the result o ...	1989	2515993
r-body-producing bacteria.	until 10 years ago, r bodies were known only as diagnostic features by which endosymbionts of paramecia were identified as kappa particles. they were thought to be limited to the cytoplasm of two species in the paramecium aurelia species complex. now, r bodies have been found in free-living bacteria and other paramecium species. the organisms now known to form r bodies include the cytoplasmic kappa endosymbionts of p. biaurelia and p. tetraurelia, the macronuclear kappa endosymbionts of p. cauda ...	1989	2651865
isolation and partial characterization of a cytochrome-o complex from chromatophores of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum fr1.	a cytochrome-o complex was isolated from chromatophores of photoheterotrophically grown rhodospirillum rubrum fr1. the enzyme was extracted with the non-denaturating detergent taurodeoxycholate and subsequently purified by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation and gel-permeation hplc. the complex contains two types of cytochromes, one of them cytochrome o, and two copper atoms. it catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen, when n,n,n',n'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine or ubiquinol 10 are off ...	1989	2659347
distribution of delta-aminolevulinic acid biosynthetic pathways among phototrophic bacterial groups.	two biosynthetic pathways are known for the universal tetrapyrrole precursor, delta-aminolevulinic acid (ala). in the ala synthase pathway which was first described in animal and some bacterial cells, the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme ala synthase catalyzes condensation of glycine and succinyl-coa to form ala with the loss of c-1 of glycine as co2. in the five-carbon pathway which was first described in plant and algal cells, the carbon skeleton of glutamate is converted intact to ala in ...	1989	2789025
surface-enhanced resonance raman scattering spectroscopy of bacterial photosynthetic membranes. the carotenoid of rhodospirillum rubrum.	resonance raman scattering by the carotenoid, spirilloxanthin (spx), in a suspension of chromatophores (cytoplasmic side out) isolated from the photosynthetic bacterium, rhodospirillum rubrum, is greatly enhanced when the membranes are adsorbed onto the surface of an anodized ag electrode. the phenomenon is the basis for surface-enhanced resonance raman scattering (serrs) spectroscopy. the spx serrs peaks observed were at 1505-1510, 1150-1155, and 1000-1005 cm-1 with laser excitation wavelengths ...	1988	3126188
restoration of activity to catalytically deficient mutants of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase by aminoethylation.	substitutions for active-site lysyl residues at positions 166 and 329 in ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodospirillum rubrum have been shown to abolish catalytic activity. treatment of the cys-166 and cys-329 mutant proteins with 2-bromoethylamine partially restores enzyme activity, presumably as a consequence of selective aminoethylation of the thiol group unique to each protein. amino acid analyses, slow inactivation of the wild-type carboxylase by bromoethylamine, and the fa ...	1988	3127395
ph-induced changes in rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome c2 and subsequent renaturation: an 15n nmr study.	the 15n-enriched ferrocytochrome c2 from rhodospirillum rubrum was studied by 15n nmr at different solvent ph values. the mobility and chemical shift of the n-terminal glutamic acid (335.4 ppm at ph 5.1) were found to depend on ph. it was least mobile between ph 8 and 9.0, which is explained in terms of ph-dependent conformational changes and formation of salt linkages and/or hydrogen bonds. the resonances of the lysine side chains are centered around 341.7 ppm at low ph and move upfield with ph ...	1988	2834719
adp-ribosylation of dinitrogenase reductase from clostridium pasteurianum prevents its inhibition of nitrogenase from azotobacter vinelandii.	the effect of adp-ribosylation of dinitrogenase reductase on its binding to dinitrogenase was investigated. dinitrogenase reductase from clostridium pasteurianum (cp2) was a substrate for the adp-ribosyltransferase and the dinitrogenase-reductase-activating glycohydrolase from rhodospirillum rubrum. adp-ribosylation inactivated cp2 and prevented its formation of a tight complex with dinitrogenase from azotobacter vinelandii (av1). the complex between cp2 and av1 could not be adp-ribosylated once ...	1988	3135803
ammonia switch-off of nitrogenase from rhodobacter sphaeroides and methylosinus trichosporium: no evidence for fe protein modification.	in vivo switch-off of nitrogenase activity by nh4+ is a reversible process in rhodobacter sphaeroides and methylosinus trichosporium ob3b. the same pattern of switch-off in rhodospirillum rubrum is explained by adp-ribosylation of one of the fe protein subunits, however, no evidence of covalent modification could be found in the subunits from either r. sphaeroides or m. trichosporium. fe protein subunits from these organisms showed no variant behaviour on sds-page, nor were they 32p-labeled foll ...	1988	3136733
malate dehydrogenases in phototrophic purple bacteria. thermal stability, amino acid composition and immunological properties.	purified malate dehydrogenases from four species of non-sulphur purple phototrophic bacteria were examined for their heat-stability, amino acid composition and antigenic relationships. malate dehydrogenase from rhodospirillum rubrum, rhodobacter capsulatus and rhodomicrobium vannielii (which are all tetrameric proteins) had an unusually high glycine content, but the enzyme from rhodocyclus purpureus (which is a dimer) did not. r. rubrum malate dehydrogenase was extremely heat-stable relative to ...	1988	3137931
purification and properties of dinitrogenase reductase adp-ribosyltransferase from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum.	the enzyme that catalyzes the adp-ribosylation and concomitant inactivation of dinitrogenase reductase in rhodospirillum rubrum has been purified greater than 19,000-fold to near homogeneity. we propose dinitrogenase reductase adp-ribosyltransferase (drat) as the working name for the enzyme. drat activity is stabilized by nacl and adp. the enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 30 kda and is a different polypeptide than dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase. nad (km = 2 mm), et ...	1988	3141411
evidence supporting lysine 166 of rhodospirillum rubrum ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase as the essential base which initiates catalysis.	the epsilon-amino group of lys-166 of rhodospirillum rubrum ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was postulated as the essential base which initiates catalysis by abstracting the proton at c-3 of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (hartman, f. c., soper, t. s., niyogi, s. k., mural, r. j., foote, r. s., mitra, s., lee, e. h., machanoff, r., and larimer, f. w. (1987) j. biol. chem. 262, 3496-3501). to scrutinize this possibility, the site-directed gly-166 mutant, totally devoid of ribulosebisphospha ...	1988	3129424
real time computer tracking of free-swimming and tethered rotating cells.	a computerized image processing system has been developed that tracks individual free-swimming cells and rotating bacterial cell bodies tethered by their flagella in real time. free-swimming bacteria of rhodobacter sphaeroides, rhodospirullum rubrum, and salmonella typhimurium have been tracked swimming at speeds from 0 to over 120 microns s-1. a high level of discrimination is exerted against noncellular objects, allowing analysis of stopped as well as moving cells. this enabled detection of bo ...	1988	3149876
dna sequence of a gene cluster coding for subunits of the f0 membrane sector of atp synthase in rhodospirillum rubrum. support for modular evolution of the f1 and f0 sectors.	a region was cloned from the genome of the purple non-sulphur photobacterium rhodospirillum rubrum that contains genes coding for the membrane protein subunits of the f0 sector of atp synthase. the clone was identified by hybridization with a synthetic oligonucleotide designed on the basis of the known protein sequence of the dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide-reactive proteolipid, or subunit c. the complete nucleotide sequence of 4240 bp of this region was determined. it is separate from an operon descr ...	1988	2902844
tertiary structure of plant rubisco: domains and their contacts.	the three-dimensional structure of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (rubisco), has been determined at 2.6 a resolution. this enzyme initiates photosynthesis by combining carbon dioxide with ribulose bisphosphate to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. in plants, rubisco is built from eight large (l) and eight small (s) polypeptide chains, or subunits. both s chains and the nh2-terminal domain (n) of l are antiparallel beta, "open-face-sandwich" domains with four-stranded beta ...	1988	3133767
thioredoxin from rhodospirillum rubrum: primary structure and relation to thioredoxins from other photosynthetic bacteria.	thioredoxin was isolated from a photosynthetic purple nonsulfur bacterium, rhodospirillum rubrum, and its primary structure was determined by high-performance tandem mass spectrometry. the sequence identity of r. rubrum thioredoxin to escherichia coli thioredoxin was intermediate to those of the chlorobium thiosulfatophilum and chromatium vinosum proteins. the results indicate that r. rubrum has an nadp-thioredoxin system similar to that of other photosynthetic purple bacteria.	1988	3129411
structure and expression of the puf operon messenger rna in rhodospirillum rubrum.	in rhodospirillum rubrum, the genes coding for the alpha and beta polypeptides of the b880 antenna (pufa,b) and the l and m polypeptides of the photoreaction center (pufl,m) are clustered on operon puf. in oxygen-limited cells, the puf mrna is present as species of 2561, 640, and 617 nucleotides. aerated cells contain only traces of these mrnas. the large mrna encodes the alpha,beta, l, and m polypeptides, whereas the small mrnas encode only alpha and beta. s1 nuclease protection mapping showed ...	1988	3131324
reconstitution of the b873 light-harvesting complex of rhodospirillum rubrum from the separately isolated alpha- and beta-polypeptides and bacteriochlorophyll a.	the light-harvesting complex of rhodospirillum rubrum was reversibly dissociated into its component parts: bacteriochlorophyll and two 6-kilodalton polypeptides. the dissociation of the complex by n-octyl beta-d-glucopyranoside was accompanied by a shift of the absorbance maximum from 873 to 820 nm (a stable intermediate form) and finally to 777 nm. in the latter state, bacteriochlorophyll was shown to be free from the protein. complexes absorbing at 820 and 873 nm could be re-formed from the fu ...	1988	3135833
oxygen regulation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity in rhodospirillum rubrum.	the carboxylase activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubpc/o) decreased when an anaerobic culture of rhodospirillum rubrum was exposed to atmospheric levels of oxygen. from 70 to 80% of the activity was lost within 12 to 24 h. inactivation was apparent when the enzyme was assayed in situ (in whole cells) and when activity was measured in dialyzed crude extracts. the quantity of enzyme protein, as estimated from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels or as quantified i ...	1988	3142846
oxygen-dependent inactivation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in crude extracts of rhodospirillum rubrum and establishment of a model inactivation system with purified enzyme.	ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase/oxygenase (rubpc/o) was inactivated in crude extracts of rhodospirillum rubrum under atmospheric levels of oxygen; no inactivation occurred under an atmosphere of argon. rubp carboxylase activity did not decrease in dialyzed extracts, indicating that a dialyzable factor was required for inactivation. the inactivation was inhibited by catalase. purified rubpc/o is relatively oxygen stable, as no loss of activity was observed after 4 h under an oxygen a ...	1988	3142847