Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| discovery of protein-coding palindromic repeats in wolbachia. | 2005 | 15936655 | |
| evolution of searching and life history characteristics in individual-based models of host-parasitoid-microbe associations. | in this paper we develop a novel discrete, individual-based mathematical model of the evolution of life history, dispersal and other behavioural characteristics in insect host-parasitoid-microbe associations, and use it to investigate their evolutionary dynamics. for any individual characteristic the model begins with an even, rectangular distribution of characteristic values. selection is then allowed to act, and the change in the distribution of the characteristic values is observed. evolution ... | 2005 | 15935392 |
| characterization of wolbachia transfection efficiency by using microinjection of embryonic cytoplasm and embryo homogenate. | wolbachia spp. are intracellular alpha proteobacteria closely related to rickettsia. the maternally inherited infections occur in a wide range of invertebrates, causing several reproductive abnormalities, including cytoplasmic incompatibility. the artificial transfer of wolbachia between hosts (transfection) is used both for basic research examining the wolbachia-host interaction and for applied strategies that use wolbachia infections to affect harmful insect populations. commonly employed tran ... | 2005 | 15933022 |
| wolbachia, sex ratio bias and apparent male killing in the harlequin beetle riding pseudoscorpion. | bacterial endosymbionts that manipulate host reproduction are now known to be widespread in insects and other arthropods. since they inhabit the cytoplasm and are maternally inherited, these microorganisms can enhance their fitness by biasing host sex ratio in favour of females. at its most extreme, sex ratio manipulation may be achieved by killing male embryos, as occurs in a number of insect species. here, we provide evidence for the first case of male killing by a tetracycline-sensitive micro ... | 2005 | 15931253 |
| endosymbiosis: past and present. | 2005 | 15931237 | |
| evolutionary history of wolbachia infections in the fire ant solenopsis invicta. | wolbachia are endosymbiotic bacteria that commonly infect numerous arthropods. despite their broad taxonomic distribution, the transmission patterns of these bacteria within and among host species are not well understood. we sequenced a portion of the wsp gene from the wolbachia genome infecting 138 individuals from eleven geographically distributed native populations of the fire ant solenopsis invicta. we then compared these wsp sequence data to patterns of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) variation o ... | 2005 | 15927071 |
| male-killing spiroplasma naturally infecting drosophila melanogaster. | elucidation of the mechanism of action of selfish genetic elements is difficult outside species with well-defined genetics. male-killing, the phenomenon whereby inherited bacteria kill male hosts during embryogenesis, is thus uncharacterized in mechanistic terms despite being common and important in insects. we characterized the prevalence, identity and source of the male-killing infection recently discovered in drosophila melanogaster in brazil. male-killing was found to be present in 2.3% of f ... | 2005 | 15926897 |
| expression and modulation of embryonic male-killing in drosophila innubila: opportunities for multilevel selection. | organisms and the symbionts they harbor may experience opposing forces of selection. in particular, the contrasting inheritance patterns of maternally transmitted symbionts and their host's nuclear genes can engender conflict among organizational levels over the optimal host offspring sex ratio. this study uses a male-killing wolbachia endosymbiont and its host drosophila innubila to experimentally address the potential for multilevel selection in a host-symbiont system. we show that bacterial d ... | 2005 | 15926693 |
| interactions among multiple genomes: tsetse, its symbionts and trypanosomes. | insect-borne diseases exact a high public health burden and have a devastating impact on livestock and agriculture. to date, control has proved to be exceedingly difficult. one such disease that has plagued sub-saharan africa is caused by the protozoan african trypanosomes (trypanosoma species) and transmitted by tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae). this presentation describes the biology of the tsetse fly and its interactions with trypanosomes as well as its symbionts. tsetse can harbor up to t ... | 2005 | 15894186 |
| is wolbachia complicating the pathological effects of dirofilaria immitis infections? | human and animal parasitic filarial nematodes, which often are the cause of severe disease, harbor intracellular bacteria of the genus wolbachia (rickettsiaceae). it is thought that these bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis and immune response to filarial infection. in order to determine the possible role of wolbachia in heartworm disease, dogs naturally infected with dirofilaria immitis were studied for specific antibody response to wolbachia surface protein (wsp). antibody subc ... | 2005 | 15885912 |
| immune response to and tissue localization of the wolbachia surface protein (wsp) in dogs with natural heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) infection. | human and animal parasitic filarial nematodes, including the agent of canine and feline heartworm disease dirofilaria immitis, harbour intracellular bacteria of the genus wolbachia (rickettsiaies). it is thought that these bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis and immune response to filarial infection. immunoglobulin g (total igg, igg1, igg2) production against and immunohistochemical staining of tissues for the wolbachia surface protein (wsp) from dogs with natural heartworm infec ... | 2005 | 15876457 |
| [polymorphism of mitochondrial dna and infection with symbiotic cytoplasmic bacterium wolbachia pipientis in mosquitoes of the culex pipiens complex from russia]. | a total of 208 mosquitoes of the culex pipiens complex from 15 basement and terrestrial populations collected in different regions of the european part of russia and siberia were examined by genetic methods. among these, two major mitotypes, m and p, were identified. these mitotypes differed by six substitutions in the 246-bp mitochondrial dna cytochrome oxidase i gene fragment examined. urban basement mosquito ecotype c. pipiens (form molestus) were characterized by the presence of mitotype m a ... | 2005 | 15865286 |
| bidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility and the stable coexistence of two wolbachia strains in parapatric host populations. | wolbachiaare intracellular bacteria which are very widely distributed among arthropods. in many insect species wolbachiaare known to induce cytoplasmic mating incompatibility (ci). it has been suggested that wolbachiacould promote speciation in their hosts if parapatric host populations are infected with two different wolbachiastrains causing bidirectional mating incompatibilities. a necessary condition for this speciation scenario to work is that the two wolbachiastrains can stably coexist. the ... | 2005 | 15862594 |
| the annotated genome of wolbachia from the filarial nematode brugia malayi: what it means for progress in antifilarial medicine. | 2005 | 15839745 | |
| exploring the evolution of wolbachia compatibility types: a simulation approach. | wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) is observed when males bearing the bacterium mate with uninfected females or with females bearing a different wolbachia variant; in such crosses, paternal chromosomes are lost at the first embryonic mitosis, most often resulting in developmental arrest. the molecular basis of ci is currently unknown, but it is useful to distinguish conceptually the male and female sides of this phenomenon: in males, wolbachia must do something, before it is shed ... | 2005 | 15834154 |
| sequencing of the complete gene coding for the groel of the wolbachia of dirofilaria immitis and expression and purification of the recombinant protein. | wolbachia are intracellular bacteria that infect arthropods and filarial nematodes. these bacteria play an important role in the immunology and pathogenesis of filarial diseases through their proteins and, possibly, other molecules. groel is a constitutively expressed bacterial protein; it is highly conserved among bacteria and is involved in the correct folding of newly synthesized proteins. here we report the production of recombinant groel from the wolbachia of dirofilaria immitis. our goal i ... | 2004 | 15828434 |
| transposable element polymorphism of wolbachia in the mosquito culex pipiens: evidence of genetic diversity, superinfection and recombination. | wolbachia is a group of maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infect and induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) in a wide range of arthropods. in contrast to other species, the mosquito culex pipiens displays an extremely high number of ci types suggesting differential infection by multiple wolbachia strains. attempts so far failed to detect wolbachia polymorphism that might explain this high level of ci diversity found in c. pipiens populations. here, we establish that wolbachia inf ... | 2005 | 15813794 |
| social parasitism in fire ants (solenopsis spp.): a potential mechanism for interspecies transfer of wolbachia. | one possible mechanism for interspecific transfer of wolbachia is through the intimate contact between parasites and their hosts. we surveyed 10 species of fly parasitoids (pseudacteon spp.) and one inquiline social parasite, solenopsis daguerrei, for the presence and sequence identity (wsp gene) of wolbachia. two wolbachia variants infecting s. daguerrei were identical to known variants infecting the two common ant host species, solenopsis invicta and solenopsis richteri, suggesting possible tr ... | 2005 | 15813792 |
| wolbachia endosymbiont levels in severe and mild strains of onchocerca volvulus. | epidemiological, clinical and genetic data have all suggested that the filarial parasite onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis (or river blindness) exists as two strains in west africa. the severe strain induces severe ocular disease in a large proportion of the infected population, while the mild strain induces little ocular disease. although dna probes based upon a non-coding repeat sequence family can distinguish the two strains, the underlying basis for this difference i ... | 2005 | 15811532 |
| [structural organization and distribution of the symbiotic bacteria wolbachia during spermatogenesis of drosophila simulans]. | electron microscopy and morphometric analysis have shown that the symbiotic bacteria wolbachia occur the testis cells during spermatogenesis and are absent in mature spermatids. bacteria did not affect the structural organization of testis cells, which have a typical morphology during morphogenesis. bacteria were distributed along the meiotic spindle microtubules near the mitochondria. they increased in number in spermatids at the stage of elongation. endosymbionts aggregated at the spermatid di ... | 2005 | 15807436 |
| using in situ hybridization to detect endosymbiont wolbachia in dissected tissues of mosquito host. | the endosymbiont wolbachia, extensively occurring in arthropods, usually causes reproductive distortions of the host, such as mosquitoes. in past years, detection of wolbachia in host tissues has highly relied on transmission electron microscopy (tem) that is tedious and usually unable to gain satisfactory results without experienced techniques and expensive instruments. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) recently has become popular in wolbachia identification. however, necessity of dna extraction ... | 2005 | 15799519 |
| the wolbachia genome of brugia malayi: endosymbiont evolution within a human pathogenic nematode. | complete genome dna sequence and analysis is presented for wolbachia, the obligate alpha-proteobacterial endosymbiont required for fertility and survival of the human filarial parasitic nematode brugia malayi. although, quantitatively, the genome is even more degraded than those of closely related rickettsia species, wolbachia has retained more intact metabolic pathways. the ability to provide riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, heme, and nucleotides is likely to be wolbachia's principal co ... | 2005 | 15780005 |
| serendipitous discovery of wolbachia genomes in multiple drosophila species. | the trace archive is a repository for the raw, unanalyzed data generated by large-scale genome sequencing projects. the existence of this data offers scientists the possibility of discovering additional genomic sequences beyond those originally sequenced. in particular, if the source dna for a sequencing project came from a species that was colonized by another organism, then the project may yield substantial amounts of genomic dna, including near-complete genomes, from the symbiotic or parasiti ... | 2005 | 15774024 |
| armadillidin: a novel glycine-rich antibacterial peptide directed against gram-positive bacteria in the woodlouse armadillidium vulgare (terrestrial isopod, crustacean). | we report the isolation and the characterization of a novel antibacterial peptide from hemocytes of the woodlouse armadillidium vulgare, naturally infected or uninfected by wolbachia, an intracellular gram-negative bacterium. this molecule displays antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria despite its composition which classes it into the glycine-rich antibacterial peptide family, usually directed against fungi and gram-negative bacteria. the complete sequence was determined by a com ... | 2004 | 15752546 |
| population differentiation and wolbachia phylogeny in mosquitoes of the aedes scutellaris group. | mosquito species of the aedes (stegomyia) scutellaris (walker) group (diptera: culicidae) are distributed across many islands of the south pacific and include major regional vectors of filariasis, such as aedes polynesiensis (marks). analysis of populations of ae. polynesiensis at the extremes of its range, from fiji and from moorea, french polynesia, using the rdna its2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) region and six microsatellite markers showed considerable genetic differentiation between them ... | 2005 | 15752179 |
| filarial susceptibility and effects of wolbachia in aedes pseudoscutellaris mosquitoes. | the mosquito aedes pseudoscutellaris (theobald), a member of the aedes (stegomyia) scutellaris complex (diptera: culicidae), is an important vector of subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (spirurida: onchocercidae), causing human lymphatic filariasis, on south pacific islands. maternal inheritance of filarial susceptibility in the complex has previously been asserted, and larval tetracycline treatment reduced susceptibility; the maternally inherited wolbachia in these mosquitoes were sugge ... | 2005 | 15752178 |
| detection and identification of ehrlichia spp. in ticks collected in tunisia and morocco. | a broad-range 16s rrna gene pcr assay followed by partial sequencing of the 16s rrna gene was used for the detection of members of the family anaplasmataceae in ticks in north africa. a total of 418 questing ixodes ricinus ticks collected in tunisia and morocco, as well as 188 rhipicephalus ticks from dogs and 52 hyalomma ticks from bovines in tunisia, were included in this study. of 324 adult i. ricinus ticks, 16.3% were positive for ehrlichia spp., whereas only 3.4 and 2.8% of nymphs and larva ... | 2005 | 15750072 |
| convergent incidences of wolbachia infection in fig wasp communities from two continents. | wide surveys suggest that wolbachia bacteria infect ca. 20% of all insect species, but particular taxonomic or ecological groups may display significantly higher or lower incidences. we studied 61 fig wasp species in australia and found the highest known incidence (67%) of infection in a targeted study of this nature. a comparable study in panama reported a similar figure (59%), confirming the exceptionally high incidence of wolbachia in fig wasps. importantly, these are two independent estimate ... | 2005 | 15734697 |
| analysis of sarcoptes scabiei finds no evidence of infection with wolbachia. | the endosymbiont wolbachia has been detected in a range of filarial nematodes and parasitic mites and is known to affect host reproductive compatibility and potentially evolutionary processes. pcr of wolbachia surface protein (wsp), ftsz and 16srrna genes from individual sarcoptes scabiei mites obtained from a series of individual hosts, and database searches of an s. scabiei var. hominis est library failed to detect wolbachia genes. therefore, wolbachia appears not to be involved in the genetic ... | 2004 | 15710433 |
| brugia malayi: effects of gamma radiation on adult worms and their intracellular wolbachia bacteria. | prior studies have shown that intracellular wolbachia endobacteria are necessary for the normal development, reproduction, and survival of filarial nematodes. the purpose of this study was to examine effects of gamma radiation on wolbachia and reproduction in brugia malayi adult worms. worms were exposed to 0, 10, 25, 45, 75, and 105 krad of gamma radiation from a 137cesium source and cultured in vitro for 10 days. irradiation reduced production of microfilariae in a dose-dependent manner. embry ... | 2005 | 15687015 |
| the eye does not see what the mind does not know: the bacterium in the worm. | symbiotic relationships underlie the evolutionary success of many different life forms. the filarial worms are long, slender nematode parasites that cause considerable pathology in large segments of the world's population. about 25 years ago, investigators first reported the presence of bacterial organisms living inside these parasitic worms. recent molecular biological studies have indicated that these bacteria belong to the genus wolbachia, members of which have been known to be associated wit ... | 2005 | 15681877 |
| loss of wolbachia infection during colonisation in the invasive argentine ant linepithema humile. | wolbachia are maternally inherited bacteria, which are very common in arthropods and nematodes. wolbachia infection may affect host reproduction through feminisation, parthenogenesis, male-killing, cytoplasmic incompatibility and increased fecundity. previous studies showing discrepancies between the phylogenies of wolbachia and its arthropod hosts indicate that infection is frequently lost, but the causes of symbiont extinction have so far remained elusive. here, we report data showing that col ... | 2005 | 15674380 |
| super-infections of wolbachia in byturid beetles and evidence for genetic transfer between a and b super-groups of wolbachia. | wolbachia are maternally inherited bacteria responsible for altering host reproduction. the two main groups found in insects, a and b, are based on molecular characterization using ribosomal, ftsz, wsp (wolbachia surface protein) or groe genes. we have used the wsp and ftsz genes to study wolbachia in byturid beetles. byturus affinis contained a single copy of the ftsz gene which grouped with a ftsz sequences and a single copy of the wsp gene which grouped with b wsp sequences. this suggests tha ... | 2005 | 15660951 |
| on the ubiquity and phylogeny of wolbachia in lice. | wolbachia are intracellular bacteria that occur in an estimated 20% of arthropod species. they are of broad interest because they profoundly affect the reproductive fitness of diverse host taxa. here we document the apparent ubiquity and diversity of wolbachia in the insect orders anoplura (sucking lice) and mallophaga (chewing lice), by detecting single or multiple infections in each of 25 tested populations of lice, representing 19 species from 15 genera spanning eight taxonomic families. phyl ... | 2005 | 15643971 |
| the allonemobius-wolbachia host-endosymbiont system: evidence for rapid speciation and against reproductive isolation driven by cytoplasmic incompatibility. | evidence for the evolution of fertilization incompatibilities and rapid speciation can be biased by the occurrence of hybridization and reproductive endosymbionts such as wolbachia. for example, patterns of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) variation can be obscured by mitotypes hitchhiking on extrachromosomal elements like wolbachia, while such endosymbionts can also induce phenotypes that mirror the operation of intrinsic fertilization incompatibilities between species. therefore, before strong infere ... | 2004 | 15612285 |
| decreased diversity but increased substitution rate in host mtdna as a consequence of wolbachia endosymbiont infection. | a substantial fraction of insects and other terrestrial arthropods are infected with parasitic, maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria that manipulate host reproduction. in addition to imposing direct selection on the host to resist these effects, endosymbionts may also have indirect effects on the evolution of the mtdna with which they are cotransmitted. patterns of mtdna diversity and evolution were examined in drosophila recens, which is infected with the endosymbiont wolbachia, and it ... | 2004 | 15611174 |
| phylogenetic characterization of wolbachia symbionts infecting cimex lectularius l. and oeciacus vicarius horvath (hemiptera: cimicidae). | wolbachia symbionts are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause host reproductive alterations in many arthropods and filarial nematodes. we identified wolbachia symbionts in the cliff swallow bug (oeciacus vicarious horvath) and the human bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) (hemiptera: cimicidae) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing using wolbachia-specific 16s rdna and ftsz primers. phylogenetic analyses using bayesian, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony algorith ... | 2004 | 15605657 |
| evolutionarily stable infection by a male-killing endosymbiont in drosophila innubila: molecular evidence from the host and parasite genomes. | maternally inherited microbes that spread via male-killing are common pathogens of insects, yet very little is known about the evolutionary duration of these associations. the few examples to date indicate very recent, and thus potentially transient, infections. a male-killing strain of wolbachia has recently been discovered in natural populations of drosophila innubila. the population-level effects of this infection are significant: approximately 35% of females are infected, infected females pr ... | 2004 | 15579697 |
| wolbachia and nuclear-nuclear interactions contribute to reproductive incompatibility in the spider mite panonychus mori (acari: tetranychidae). | maternally transmitted bacteria of the genus wolbachia are obligate, intracellular symbionts that are responsible for cytoplasmic incompatibility in a wide range of arthropods such as insects and mites. spider mites often show uni- and bidirectional incompatibilities among populations with and without wolbachia. therefore, we surveyed the presence of wolbachia by pcr and then conducted crossing experiments among 25 populations of panonychus mori to determine how wolbachia are related to the inco ... | 2005 | 15578046 |
| host resistance does not explain variation in incidence of male-killing bacteria in drosophila bifasciata. | selfish genetic elements that distort the sex ratio are found widely. notwithstanding the number of records of sex ratio distorters, their incidence is poorly understood. two factors can prevent a sex ratio distorter from invading: inability of the sex ratio distorter to function (failure of mechanism or transmission), and lack of drive if they do function (inappropriate ecology for invasion). there has been no test to date on factors causing variation in the incidence of sex ratio distorting cy ... | 2004 | 15571631 |
| wolbachia bacteria, the cause for false vesicular staining pattern in drosophila melanogaster. | majority of fly laboratory strains is infected with wolbachia, intracellular rickettsial-type symbiotic bacteria widespread in various organisms including insects and nematodes. to make the matter worse, i found that certain antisera used for fly immunocytochemistry can recognize wolbachia bacteria in addition to their own antigens, due to impurity in the antisera generated against the recombinant fusion proteins frequently used as antigens. thus, combinatorial use of contaminated antisera and w ... | 2004 | 15567711 |
| to what extent do different types of sex ratio distorters interfere? | within the diptera, two different selfish genetic elements are known to cause the production of female-biased sex ratios: maternally inherited bacteria that kill male zygotes (male-killers), and x chromosomes causing the degeneration of y-bearing sperm in males (meiotic drive). we here develop a mathematical model for the dynamics of these two sex-ratio distorters where they co-occur. we show that x chromosome meiotic drive elements can be expected to substantially lower the equilibrium frequenc ... | 2004 | 15562699 |
| intra-individual coexistence of a wolbachia strain required for host oogenesis with two strains inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility in the wasp asobara tabida. | cytoplasmically inherited symbiotic wolbachia bacteria are known to induce a diversity of phenotypes on their numerous arthropod hosts including cytoplasmic incompatibility, male-killing, thelytokous parthenogenesis, and feminization. in the wasp asobara tabida (braconidae), in which all individuals harbor three genotypic wolbachia strains (watab1, watab2 and watab3), the presence of wolbachia is required for insect oogenesis. to elucidate the phenotype of each wolbachia strain on host reproduct ... | 2004 | 15562683 |
| evolution of wolbachia cytoplasmic incompatibility types. | the success of obligate endosymbiotic wolbachia infections in insects is due in part to cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), whereby wolbachia bacteria manipulate host reproduction to promote their invasion and persistence within insect populations. the observed diversity of ci types raises the question of what the evolutionary pathways are by which a new ci type can evolve from an ancestral type. prior evolutionary models assume that wolbachia exists within a host individual as a clonal infection. ... | 2004 | 15562682 |
| new wolbachia endosymbionts from nearctic and neotropical fleas (siphonaptera). | several species of fleas (siphonaptera), ectoparasites of mammals and birds, have recently been shown to harbor species of wolbachia. here, we extend this data set to 20 more species of siphonaptera (rhopalopsyllidae, stephanocircidae, pulicidae, ceratophyllidae, ctenophthalmidae, ischnopsyllidae, leptopsyllidae, and malacopsyllidae) from sylvatic populations throughout the nearctic and neotropical regions. using polymerase chain reaction, we targeted the wolbachia 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) gene. ... | 2004 | 15562592 |
| multiple infections and diversity of cytoplasmic incompatibility in a haplodiploid species. | cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) is a sperm-egg incompatibility commonly induced by the intracellular endosymbiont bacterium wolbachia that, in diploid species, results in embryo mortality. in haplodiploid species, two types of ci exist depending on whether the incompatible fertilized eggs develop into males (male development (md)) or abort (female mortality (fm)). ci allows multiple infections to be maintained in host populations, and thus allows interactions to occur between co-infecting strai ... | 2005 | 15562287 |
| characterization of wolbachia infections and interspecific crosses of aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis and ae. (stegomyia) riversi (diptera: culicidae). | prior studies have identified a complicated pattern of interspecific hybridization between members of the aedes (stegomyia) scutellaris (walker) mosquito group, which includes medically important vectors of bancroftian filariasis and dengue. here, we report that two members of the group, aedes polynesiensis marks and aedes riversi bohart & ingram, are both infected with intracellular wolbachia bacteria. sequencing of the wolbachia wsp gene demonstrates that the infections differ from each other ... | 2004 | 15535618 |
| distribution and diversity of wolbachia infections in southeast asian mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | wolbachia are a group of intracellular inherited bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods. they are associated with a variety of reproductive alterations in their hosts, the best known being cytoplasmic incompatability. the wolbachia pipientis assemblage has been divided into two major groups (a and b) and 12 subgroups. we report herein the first systematic survey of wolbachia in mosquitoes, and the first survey classifying wolbachia infections by subgroup. wolbachia were detected in 28.1 ... | 2000 | 15535575 |
| high infection rate of wolbachia endobacteria in the sand flea tunga penetrans from brazil. | tunga penetrans is an ectoparasite causing considerable morbidity in endemic communities. recently, endobacteria of the genus wolbachia were identified also in t. penetrans. since wolbachia were suggested as targets for intervention of insect pests and human filariasis, sand fleas were collected from infested humans, dogs and rats in a hyperendemic area in northeastern brazil, and screened for wolbachia infections. twenty-one adult fleas and four batches of flea eggs were examined by pcr using p ... | 2004 | 15533291 |
| genetics of female functional virginity in the parthenogenesis-wolbachia infected parasitoid wasp telenomus nawai (hymenoptera: scelionidae). | a lepidopteran egg parasitoid species telenomus nawai consists of two distinct populations with different reproductive modes. one is a completely thelytokous population consisting of females only, whereas the other displays arrhenotokous reproduction where fertilized eggs develop into diploid females and unfertilized eggs into haploid males. thelytoky in t. nawai is caused by a bacterial symbiont, the parthenogenesis-inducing (pi) wolbachia. recent theoretical studies have shown that when a pi-w ... | 2005 | 15523503 |
| incipient evolution of wolbachia compatibility types. | cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) is induced in arthropods by the maternally inherited bacterium wolbachia. when infected males mate with uninfected females or with females bearing a different wolbachia variant, paternal chromosomes behave abnormally and embryos die. this pattern can be interpreted as resulting from two bacterial effects: one (usually termed mod, for modification) would affect sperm and induce embryo death, unless wolbachia is also present in the egg, which implies the existence ... | 2004 | 15521450 |
| infection dynamics of different wolbachia-types within one host population. | wolbachia are widespread intracellular symbionts of arthropods which are known to cause several reproductive manipulations in their hosts, the commonest of which being cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), male killing (mk), and the induction of parthenogenesis (pi). strains of endosymbionts inducing one of these effects can be referred to as 'wolbachia-types'. here, we try to ascertain whether two of these wolbachia-types can stably coexist within one population. we investigate this question by mea ... | 2004 | 15501467 |
| wolbachia effects in drosophila melanogaster: in search of fitness benefits. | insect endosymbionts often influence host nutrition but these effects have not been comprehensively investigated in wolbachia endosymbionts that are widespread in insects. using strains of drosophila melanogaster with the wmel wolbachia infection, we showed that wolbachia did not influence adult starvation resistance. wolbachia also had no effect on larval development time or the size of emerging adults from a low nutrition medium. while wolbachia may influence the expression of heat shock prote ... | 2004 | 15491598 |
| wolbachia infection in the newly described ecuadorian sand flea, tunga trimamillata. | wolbachia pipientis is an intracellular endosymbiont producing reproductive alterations in its hosts. this bacterium have been reported in many arthropods and nematodes. by pcr amplification and sequencing of the 16s rdna and ftsz genes we have identified a wolbachia strain in the newly described sand-flea, tunga trimamillata. prevalence of this endosymbiont in the 26 individuals screened is equal to 35%. sympatric and allopatric specimens of the related species tunga penetrans were also analyse ... | 2004 | 15491544 |
| specific igg antibody response against antigens of dirofilaria immitis and its wolbachia endosymbiont bacterium in cats with natural and experimental infections. | sera from three groups of cats under different experimental conditions were studied by elisa to assess the host's immune response against synthetic peptides derived from dirofilaria immitis (dipp) and against the surface protein of its endosymbiont, wolbachia (wspr). in experimentally infected cats (group 1), an increase of igg antibody against both dipp and wspr was observed from 2 months post-infection until the end of the study, 6 months post-infection. in experimentally infected cats, treate ... | 2004 | 15482887 |
| wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility as a means for insect pest population control. | biological control is the purposeful introduction of parasites, predators, and pathogens to reduce or suppress pest populations. wolbachia are inherited bacteria of arthropods that have recently attracted attention for their potential as new biocontrol agents. wolbachia manipulate host reproduction by using several strategies, one of which is cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) [stouthamer, r., breeuwer, j. a. j. & hurst, g. d. d. (1999) annu. rev. microbiol. 53, 71-102]. we established wolbachia-i ... | 2004 | 15469918 |
| the genetic basis of male fertility in relation to haplodiploid reproduction in leptopilina clavipes (hymenoptera: figitidae). | traits under relaxed selection are expected to become reduced or disappear completely, a process called vestigialization. in parthenogenetic populations, traits historically involved in sexual reproduction are no longer under selection and potentially subject to such reduction. in leptopilina clavipes, thelytokous (parthenogenetic) populations are infected by wolbachia bacteria. arrhenotokous populations do not harbor wolbachia. when antibiotics are applied to infected females, they are cured fr ... | 2004 | 15454547 |
| virulence, multiple infections and regulation of symbiotic population in the wolbachia-asobara tabida symbiosis. | the density and regulation of microbial populations are important factors in the success of symbiotic associations. high bacterial density may improve transmission to the next generation, but excessive replication could turn out to be costly to the host and result in higher virulence. moreover, differences in virulence may also depend on the diversity of symbionts. using the maternally transmitted symbiont wolbachia, we investigated how bacterial density and diversity are regulated and influence ... | 2004 | 15454536 |
| wolbachia pipientis in australian spiders. | wolbachia pipientis is an endosymbiotic bacterium common to arthropods and filarial nematodes. this study presents the first survey and characterization of wolbachia pipientis that infect spiders. all spiders were collected from queensland, australia during 2002-2003 and screened for wolbachia infection using pcr approaches. the wolbachia strains present in the spiders are diverse, paraphyletic, and for the most part closely related to strains that infect insects. we have also identified several ... | 2004 | 15386106 |
| wolbachia-induced neutrophil activation in a mouse model of ocular onchocerciasis (river blindness). | endosymbiotic wolbachia bacteria are abundant in the filarial nematodes that cause onchocerciasis (river blindness), including the larvae (microfilariae) that migrate into the cornea. using a mouse model of ocular onchocerciasis, we recently demonstrated that it is these endosymbiotic bacteria rather than the nematodes per se that induce neutrophil infiltration to the corneal stroma and loss of corneal clarity (saint andre et al., science 295:1892-1895, 2002). to better understand the role of wo ... | 2004 | 15385467 |
| quantification of wolbachia bacteria in brugia malayi through the nematode lifecycle. | 2004 | 15383308 | |
| coexistence of wolbachia with buchnera aphidicola and a secondary symbiont in the aphid cinara cedri. | intracellular symbiosis is very common in the insect world. for the aphid cinara cedri, we have identified by electron microscopy three symbiotic bacteria that can be characterized by their different sizes, morphologies, and electrodensities. pcr amplification and sequencing of the 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) genes showed that, in addition to harboring buchnera aphidicola, the primary endosymbiont of aphids, c. cedri harbors a secondary symbiont (s symbiont) that was previously found to be associat ... | 2004 | 15375144 |
| a new form of symbiotic bacteria wolbachia found in the endoplasmic reticulum of early embryos of drosophila melanogaster. | 2004 | 15354833 | |
| a cost of wolbachia-induced sex reversal and female-biased sex ratios: decrease in female fertility after sperm depletion in a terrestrial isopod. | a number of parasites are vertically transmitted to new host generations via female eggs. in such cases, host reproduction is an intimate component of parasite fitness and no cost of the infection on host reproduction is expected to evolve. a number of these parasites distort host sex ratios towards females, thereby increasing either parasite fitness or the proportion of the host that transmit the parasite. in terrestrial isopods (woodlice), wolbachia bacteria are responsible for sex reversion a ... | 2004 | 15347518 |
| heads or tails: host-parasite interactions in the drosophila-wolbachia system. | wolbachia strains are endosymbiotic bacteria typically found in the reproductive tracts of arthropods. these bacteria manipulate host reproduction to ensure maternal transmission. they are usually transmitted vertically, so it has been predicted that they have evolved a mechanism to target the host's germ cells during development. through cytological analysis we found that wolbachia strains display various affinities for the germ line of drosophila. different wolbachia strains show posterior, an ... | 2004 | 15345422 |
| parasites and sexual reproduction in psychid moths. | persistence of sexual reproduction among coexisting asexual competitors has been a major paradox in evolutionary biology. the number of empirical studies is still very limited, as few systems with coexisting sexual and strictly asexual lineages have been found. we studied the ecological mechanisms behind the simultaneous coexistence of a sexually and an asexually reproducing closely related species of psychid moth in central finland between 1999 and 2001. the two species compete for the same res ... | 2004 | 15341153 |
| cytogenetic mechanism and genetic consequences of thelytoky in the wasp trichogramma cacoeciae. | in hymenoptera, complete parthenogenesis, that is thelytoky, is a common phenomenon where virgin females produce only daughters. thelytoky is often induced by bacteria of the genus wolbachia, but can also be genetically determined by the insect itself, as in the genus trichogramma where both forms exist. in order to compare these two forms of thelytoky, chromosome behaviour analysis in young eggs and genetic analysis of microsatellite markers were carried out in the wasp trichogramma cacoeciae, ... | 2004 | 15329666 |
| the bacterial catalase from filarial dna preparations derives from common pseudomonad contaminants and not from wolbachia endosymbionts. | wolbachia are obligatory endosymbionts in many species of filarial nematodes. certain bacterial molecules induce antibody responses in mammalian hosts infected with filariae, while others activate inflammatory responses that contribute to pathology. these findings, coupled with antibiotic studies demonstrating the dependence of filarial embryogenesis on the presence of wolbachia, have intensified research on wolbachia-nematode interactions, and the effects of wolbachia molecules on the mammalian ... | 2004 | 15322925 |
| molecular (sub) grouping of endosymbiont wolbachia infection among mosquitoes of taiwan. | wolbachia are maternally inherited bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods as well as filarial worms. the infection usually results in reproductive distortions of the host, primarily cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, and feminization. this study showed that wolbachia infection (15/29; 51.72%) was prevalent among field-caught mosquitoes in taiwan. three mosquito species were identified as having wolbachia a infection, eight species as having wolbachia b, and four other species ... | 2004 | 15311460 |
| differential fitness of mitochondrial dna in perturbation cage studies correlates with global abundance and population history in drosophila simulans. | mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. however, research linking intraspecific differences in organismal fitness with genotypic mitochondrial dna (mtdna) variation has been hampered by the lack of variation in experimentally tractable species. this study examines whether fly lines harbouring three distinct drosophila simulans mtdna types (sii, -ii and -iii) exhibit differential fitness in laboratory perturbation cages. comparison of the pre-perturbation and post-pertur ... | 2004 | 15306370 |
| use of wolbachia to drive nuclear transgenes through insect populations. | wolbachia is an inherited intracellular bacterium found in many insects of medical and economic importance. the ability of many strains to spread through populations using cytoplasmic incompatibility, involving sperm modification and rescue, provides a powerful mechanism for driving beneficial transgenes through insect populations, if such transgenes could be inserted into and expressed by wolbachia. however, manipulating wolbachia in this way has not yet been achieved. here, we demonstrate theo ... | 2004 | 15306342 |
| multiple infection with wolbachia inducing different reproductive manipulations in the butterfly eurema hecabe. | wolbachia are rickettsial intracellular symbionts of arthropods and nematodes. in arthropods, they act as selfish genetic elements and manipulate host reproduction, including sex-ratio distortion and cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). previous studies showed that infection of feminizing wolbachia and ci wolbachia sympatrically occurred in the butterfly eurema hecabe. we demonstrate that feminization-infecting individuals can rescue sperm modified by ci-infecting males. phylogenetic analysis revea ... | 2004 | 15306297 |
| [ultrastructural basis of interactions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in different symbiotic models]. | this paper reviews the author's contribution to the knowledge of the ultrastructural basis of the prokaryote-eukaryote interactions in different models assessed by an ultrastructural approach. in agreement with the hypothesis of the origin of eukaryotic cells, which are chimeras of several prokaryotes with different morpho-functional specializations, symbiosis had major consequence for evolution of life. in arthropods, one of the most successful lifestyles, the presence of endosymbiotic prokaryo ... | 2004 | 15305681 |
| variable fitness effects of wolbachia infection in drosophila melanogaster. | maternally inherited wolbachia bacteria are extremely widespread among insects and their presence is usually associated with parasitic modifications of host fitness. wolbachia pipientis infects drosophila melanogaster populations from all continents, but their persistence in this species occurs despite any strong parasitic effects. here, we have investigated the symbiosis between wolbachia and d. melanogaster and found that wolbachia infection can have significant survival and fecundity effects. ... | 2004 | 15305172 |
| wolbachia replication and host cell division in aedes albopictus. | wolbachia pipientis is an obligate intracellular endosymbiont of a range of arthropod species. the microbe is best known for its manipulations of host reproduction that include inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, feminization, and male-killing. like other vertically transmitted intracellular symbionts, wolbachia's replication rate must not outpace that of its host cells if it is to remain benign. the mosquito aedes albopictus is naturally infected both singly and doubly with d ... | 2004 | 15297923 |
| population dynamics of wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts in brugia malayi. | the human filarial nematode brugia malayi contains an endosymbiotic bacterium, wolbachia. we used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) and microscopy to investigate the population dynamics of the bacterium-nematode association. two wolbachia (wsp and ftsz) and one nematode (gst) genes were amplified from all life-cycle stages of b. malayi and results expressed as gene copies per worm and as wolbachia/nematode ratios. since the genes were single copy and there was one genome pe ... | 2004 | 15287587 |
| life stages and reproductive components of the marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish), the first parthenogenetic decapod crustacean. | recently, we briefly reported on the first case of parthenogenesis in the decapod crustacea which was found in the marmorkrebs or marbled crayfish, a cambarid species of unknown geographic origin and species identity. curiously, this animal is known only from aquarium populations, where it explosively propagates. by means of light and electron microscopic techniques we have now investigated the reproductive components of this crayfish, using more than 100 specimens ranging from hatchling to repe ... | 2004 | 15281058 |
| wolbachia pipientis: symbiont or parasite? | 1995 | 15275347 | |
| molecular discrimination of wolbachia in the culex pipiens complex: evidence for variable bacteriophage hyperparasitism. | the medically important members of the culex pipiens species complex provide an enigma for systematists, evolutionary biologists, and vector biologists. the species complex is composed of forms that differ in their ecology, behaviour, physiology and vector competence. cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) caused by endosymbiotic wolbachia bacteria is thought to play an important role in restricting gene flow and the evolution of the culex complex. here we describe the first molecular marker useful fo ... | 2004 | 15271208 |
| distribution and prevalence of wolbachia in japanese populations of lepidoptera. | wolbachia are cytoplasmically inherited bacteria that are reported to infect at least 18-30% of all insect species. our survey of lepidoptera indicated that 44.9% of forty-nine species and 77.8% of nine families tested positive for wolbachia using pcr with wsp primers. nineteen species had not been described previously as infected. in particular, although pieris rapae, which is a common species in japan, is infected by wolbachia, the prevalence was very low (3.4%) and there were some localities ... | 2004 | 15271207 |
| dnaa gene sequences from wolbachia pipientis support subdivision into supergroups and provide no evidence for recombination in the lineages infecting nematodes. | wolbachia pipientis is an intracellular bacterial endosymbiont of arthropods and filarial nematodes. six main supergroups of w. pipientis have been described: supergroups a, b, e, and f encompass arthropod wolbachiae; supergroups c and d encompass nematode wolbachiae. the description of these six supergroups has been based on the analysis of only two genes (ftsz and 16s rdna) and before decisions are taken on the taxonomic status of the six supergroups, analysis of further genes is required. in ... | 2003 | 15270538 |
| ultrastructural evidence of the degenerative events occurring during embryogenesis of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi after tetracycline treatment. | intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus wolbachia have been described in filarial nematodes and these microorganisms appear to have evolved an obligatory mutualistic association with their filarial hosts. in fact, antibiotic treatment leads to the clearance of bacteria from worms resulting in a block in embryogenesis and, eventually, death of adult filariae. currently, the antifilarial action of antibiotic treatment is interpreted as a secondary consequence of the bacteriostatic activity a ... | 2003 | 15267003 |
| multiple displacement amplification in combination with high-fidelity pcr improves detection of bacteria from single females or eggs of metaseiulus occidentalis (nesbitt) (acari: phytoseiidae). | amplifying microbial dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from single phytoseiid mites has been difficult, perhaps due to the low titer of bacteria and to interference by the relatively larger amounts of mite genomic dna. in this paper we evaluate the efficiency of standard and high-fidelity pcr protocols subsequent to amplification of the whole genome by a multiple displacement amplification (mda) procedure developed by dean et al. dna from the phytoseiid phytoseiulus persimilis (athias-h ... | 2004 | 15261775 |
| bacteriophage flux in endosymbionts (wolbachia): infection frequency, lateral transfer, and recombination rates. | the highly specialized genomes of bacterial endosymbionts typically lack one of the major contributors of genomic flux in the free-living microbial world-bacteriophages. this study yields three results that show bacteriophages have, to the contrary, been influential in the genome evolution of the most prevalent bacterial endosymbiont of invertebrates, wolbachia. first, we show that bacteriophage wo is more widespread in wolbachia than previously recognized, occurring in at least 89% (35/39) of t ... | 2004 | 15254259 |
| increased fecundity associated with infection by a cytophaga-like intracellular bacterium in the predatory mite, metaseiulus occidentalis. | the endosymbiont wolbachia has gained widespread notoriety over the past decade because of its high infection frequency among arthropods, and the unique heterogeneity of the host reproductive effects that it has been implicated as causing to enhance its own spread. recently, another endosymbiotic bacterium from the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides phylum has been shown to be widespread among arthropods and manipulate its hosts' reproduction to enhance its own spread. we show that infection b ... | 2004 | 15252981 |
| reproductive effects and geographical distributions of two wolbachia strains infecting the neotropical beetle, chelymorpha alternans boh. (chrysomelidae, cassidinae). | wolbachia are maternally inherited endocellular bacteria known to alter insect host reproduction to facilitate their own transmission. multiple wolbachia infections are more common in tropical than temperate insects but few studies have investigated their dynamics in field populations. the beetle, chelymorpha alternans, found throughout the isthmus of panama, is infected with two strains of wolbachia, wcalt1 (99.2% of beetles) and wcalt2 (53%). populations infected solely by the wcalt1 strain we ... | 2004 | 15245413 |
| sexual differentiation traits in functional males with female genital apertures (male symbol fga) in the woodlice armadillidium vulgare latr. (isopoda, crustacea). | this study reports the results of examination of the gonadal morphology and ultrastructural features of the androgenic hormone (ah)-producing androgenic gland cells of laboratory stocks of functional male woodlice, armadillidium vulgare, with female genital apertures ( male symbol fga), with and without experimentally induced infections of the sex-ratio-distorting endobacterial parasite, wolbachia. males ( male symbol fga) have been reported in wild populations containing individuals infected wi ... | 2004 | 15242750 |
| wolbachia and cytoplasmic incompatibility in mosquitoes. | wolbachia are maternally inherited bacteria that induce cytoplasmic incompatibility in mosquitoes, and are able to use these patterns of sterility to spread themselves through populations. for this reason they have been proposed as a gene drive system for mosquito genetic replacement, as well as for the reduction of population size or for modulating population age structure in order to reduce disease transmission. here, recent progress in the study of mosquito wolbachia is reviewed. we now have ... | 2004 | 15242714 |
| impact of population age structure on wolbachia transgene driver efficacy: ecologically complex factors and release of genetically modified mosquitoes. | wolbachia symbionts hold theoretical promise as a way to drive transgenes into insect vector populations for disease prevention. for simplicity, current models of wolbachia dynamics and spread ignore ecologically complex factors such as the age structure of vector populations and overlapping vector generations. we developed a model including these factors to assess their impact on the process of wolbachia spread into populations of three mosquito species (anopheles gambiae, aedes aegypti and cul ... | 2004 | 15242712 |
| fitness and life-history traits of the two major mitochondrial dna haplotypes of drosophila subobscura. | mitochondrial dna restriction site analyses on natural populations of drosophila subobscura have proved the existence of two common, coexisting haplotypes (i and ii), as well as a set of less frequent ones derived from them. to explain this distribution, experiments to date point practically to all possible genetic mechanisms being involved in the changes of gene frequencies (cytonuclear coadaptation, direct natural selection on mtdna and genetic drift). in an attempt to find differences that he ... | 2004 | 15241444 |
| relationship of anti-microbial activity of tetracyclines to their ability to block the l3 to l4 molt of the human filarial parasite brugia malayi. | the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and b. timori cause a human disease known as lymphatic filariasis, which afflicts approximately 120 million people worldwide. these organisms are known to contain endosymbiotic bacteria (wolbachia) that are related to rickettsiae. it has been previously reported that tetracycline blocks the l3 to l4 molt of the filarial parasite b. malayi, and suggested that this was related to their known anti-rickettsial activity. however, this interp ... | 2004 | 15238684 |
| natural wolbachia infections in the drosophila yakuba species complex do not induce cytoplasmic incompatibility but fully rescue the wri modification. | in this study, we report data about the presence of wolbachia in drosophila yakuba, d. teissieri, and d. santomea. wolbachia strains were characterized using their wsp gene sequence and cytoplasmic incompatibility assays. all three species were found infected with wolbachia bacteria closely related to the wau strain, found so far in d. simulans natural populations, and were unable to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility. we injected wri, a ci-inducing strain naturally infecting d. simulans, into t ... | 2004 | 15238531 |
| wolbachia infection and expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility in armigeres subalbatus (diptera: culicidae). | polymerase chain reaction screening revealed that armigeres subalbatus (coquillett), a vector of filariasis, was infected with the intracellular bacteria wolbachia. laboratory crosses between infected males and uninfected females resulted in less than half the number of offspring than control crosses between uninfected individuals when young (2- to 3-d-old) males were used in the cross. however, imcompatibility was lost when old (14- to 17-d-old) males were used. field-collected females did not ... | 2000 | 15218907 |
| [structural organization and distribution of symbiotic bacteria wolbachia in early embryos and ovaries of drosophila melanogaster and d. simulans]. | electron microscopic and morphometric analyses of wolbachia distribution in early embryos of drosophila flies have demonstrated that the number of bacteria in the embryo remains constant from fertilization to blastoderm, and that afterwards the symbionts could be observed only in the polar cells. each bacterium has a three-layer envelope, makes contacts with microtubules and moves through the cytoplasm following the actively dividing nuclei. it has been found for the first time that wolbachia co ... | 2004 | 15214166 |
| the major surface protein of wolbachia endosymbionts in filarial nematodes elicits immune responses through tlr2 and tlr4. | more than 150 million humans in tropical countries are infected by filarial nematodes which harbor intracellular bacterial endosymbionts of the genus wolbachia (rickettsiales). these bacteria have been implicated in adverse effects of drug treatment in filariasis. the present study provides evidence that purified major wolbachia surface protein (rwsp) acts as an inducer of the innate immune system through tlr2 and tlr4: 1) recombinant, stringently purified rwsp elicited the release of tnf-alpha, ... | 2004 | 15210803 |
| the contribution by mitochondrially induced oxidative damage to aging in drosophila melanogaster. | strains of drosophila melanogaster have been generated that vary in the mitochondrial genome and have a common nuclear genome. tetracycline was used to cure the strains of the endocommensal bacteria, wolbachia, which is transmitted maternally. variation in the tetracycline responsive agent contributed substantially to variation in longevity and production of metabolic oxidants. changes in diurnal cycle of activity have been investigated: such changes should be responsive to metabolism-related da ... | 2004 | 15190188 |
| distribution of the bacterial symbiont cardinium in arthropods. | abstract 'candidatus cardinium', a recently described bacterium from the bacteroidetes group, is involved in diverse reproduction alterations of its arthropod hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis and feminization. to estimate the incidence rate of cardinium and explore the limits of its host range, 99 insect and mite species were screened, using primers designed to amplify a portion of cardinium 16s ribosomal dna (rdna). these arthropods were also screened for the presen ... | 2004 | 15189221 |
| new environments, versatile genomes. | 2004 | 15181901 | |
| strain-specific quantification of wolbachia density in aedes albopictus and effects of larval rearing conditions. | the density of the endosymbiont wolbachia can influence the expression of the crossing sterilities known as cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), and also its rate of maternal transmission. aedes albopictus mosquitoes contain a superinfection with the wolbachia strains walba and walbb. a strain-specific real-time quantitative pcr assay was developed and used to quantify relative wolbachia strain densities within individual mosquitoes. the walbb strain was consistently found to be at higher density t ... | 2004 | 15157232 |
| wolbachia affects oviposition and mating behaviour of its spider mite host. | wolbachia bacteria are transmitted from mother to offspring via the cytoplasm of the egg. when mated to males infected with wolbachia bacteria, uninfected females produce unviable offspring, a phenomenon called cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). current theory predicts that 'sterilization' of uninfected females by infected males confers a fitness advantage to wolbachia in infected females. when the infection is above a threshold frequency in a panmictic population, ci reduces the fitness of uninf ... | 2004 | 15149411 |