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chlamydia trachomatis-induced fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome: a case report.fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome is defined as perihepatitis associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. chlamydia trachomatis is one of its most common aetiologies. this syndrome usually presents with right upper quadrant abdominal pain mimicking other hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal pathologies, hence, posing a diagnostic dilemma in settings with limited diagnostic tools.201728057084
killing of diverse eye pathogens (acanthamoeba spp., fusarium solani, and chlamydia trachomatis) with alcohols.blindness is caused by eye pathogens that include a free-living protist (acanthamoeba castellanii, a. byersi, and/or other acanthamoeba spp.), a fungus (fusarium solani), and a bacterium (chlamydia trachomatis). hand-eye contact is likely a contributor to the spread of these pathogens, and so hand washing with soap and water or alcohol-based hand sanitizers (when water is not available) might reduce their transmission. recently we showed that ethanol and isopropanol in concentrations present in ...201728182670
the expanding role of type ii secretion in bacterial pathogenesis and beyond.type ii secretion (t2s) is one means by which gram-negative pathogens secrete proteins into the extracellular milieu and/or host organisms. based upon recent genome sequencing, it is clear that t2s is largely restricted to the proteobacteria, occurring in many, but not all genera in the α-, β-, γ-, and δ- classes. prominent human and/or animal pathogens that express a t2s system(s) include acinetobacter baumannii, burkholderia pseudomallei, chlamydia trachomatis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pne ...201728264910
collateral damage: insights into bacterial mechanisms that predispose host cells to cancer.infections are estimated to contribute to 20% of all human tumours. viruses are known to induce cell transformation, but evidence has also linked bacteria, such as helicobacter pylori and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi, to different cancer types. in addition, chlamydia trachomatis, fusobacterium nucleatum and bacteroides fragilis are associated with the development of cancer, although a causal relationship has not yet been established. bacterial effectors such as colibactin an ...201728045107
update on chlamydia trachomatis vaccinology.attempts to produce a vaccine to protect against chlamydia trachomatis-induced trachoma were initiated more than 100 years ago and continued for several decades. using whole organisms, protective responses were obtained. however, upon exposure to c. trachomatis, disease exacerbation developed in some immunized individuals, precluding the implementation of the vaccine. evidence of the role of c. trachomatis as a sexually transmitted pathogen started to emerge in the 1960s, and it soon became evid ...201728228394
comparison of murine cervicovaginal infection by chlamydial strains: identification of extrusions shed in vivo.chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (stis) and preventable blindness. untreated, asymptomatic infection as well as frequent re-infection are common and may drive pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. in vivo models of chlamydial infection continue to be instrumental in progress toward a vaccine and further elucidating the pathogenesis of this intracellular bacterium, however significant gaps in our understanding remai ...201728217555
chlamydial antibiotic resistance and treatment failure in veterinary and human medicine.the chlamydiaceae are widespread pathogens of both humans and animals. chlamydia trachomatis infection causes blinding trachoma and reproductive complications in humans. chlamydia pneumoniae causes human respiratory tract infections and atypical pneumonia. chlamydia suis infection is associated with conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and failure to gain weight in domestic swine. chlamydial infections in humans and domesticated animals are generally controlled by antibiotic treatment-particularly macrolid ...201727218014
modeling diversity in structures of bacterial outer membrane lipids.lipopolysaccharides (lpss) are vital components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and they act as extremely strong stimulators of innate immunity in diverse eukaryotic species. the primary immunostimulatory center of the lps molecule is lipid a, a disaccharide-bound lipophilic domain. considering the broad diversity in bacterial species, there are variations in the lipid a structures and their immunogenic potencies. in this work, we model the lipid a structures of eight commensal ...201728080049
chlamydia related bacteria (chlamydiales) in early pregnancy: community-based cohort study.serological case-control studies suggest that certain chlamydia-related bacteria (chlamydiales) which cause cows to abort may do the same in humans. chlamydiales include waddlia chondrophila, chlamydia abortus and chlamydia trachomatis. data on prevalence of chlamydiales in pregnancy are sparse. using stored urine samples from a carefully characterised cohort of 847 newly pregnant women recruited from 37 general practices in london, uk, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and types of chlamyd ...201727773758
chronic infection of the prostate by chlamydia muridarum is accompanied by local inflammation and pelvic pain development.chlamydia trachomatis urogenital infections are the leading cause of sexually transmitted bacterial infections. although the prevalence of chlamydial infection is similar in men and women, current research is mainly focused on women, neglecting the study of male genital tract infections. we, therefore, investigated chlamydia infection in the rodent male genital tract.201728093789
chlamydial plasmid-dependent pathogenicity.most chlamydia species carry a 7.5kb plasmid encoding eight open reading frames conventionally called plasmid glycoproteins 1-8 or pgp1-8. although the plasmid is not critical for chlamydial growth in vitro, its role in chlamydial pathogenesis is clearly demonstrated in the genital tracts of mice infected with chlamydia muridarum, a model for investigating the human pathogen chlamydia trachomatis. plasmid-free c. trachomatis is also attenuated in both the mouse genital tract and nonhuman primate ...201727712952
interferon-inducible guanylate-binding proteins at the interface of cell-autonomous immunity and inflammasome activation.guanylate-binding proteins (gbps) are essential components of cell-autonomous immunity. in response to ifn signaling, gbps are expressed in the cytoplasm of immune and nonimmune cells, where they unleash their antimicrobial activity toward intracellular bacteria, viruses, and parasites. recent studies have revealed that gbps are essential for mediating activation of the caspase-1 inflammasome in response to the gram-negative bacteria salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, francisella novicida, ...201727418355
chlamydia suis and chlamydia trachomatis induce multifunctional cd4 t cells in pigs.chlamydia trachomatis infections are the most prominent bacterial sexually-transmitted disease world-wide and a lot of effort is put into the development of an effective vaccine. pigs have been shown to be a valuable animal model for c. trachomatis vaccine development. the aim of this study was to decipher the t-cell-mediated immune response to chlamydial infections including c. trachomatis and c. suis, the chlamydia species naturally infecting pigs with a demonstrated zoonotic potential. vagina ...201727894718
simkania negevensis, an insight into the biology and clinical importance of a novel member of the chlamydiales order.simkania negevensis is a chlamydia-related bacterium discovered in 1993 and represents the founding member of the simkaniaceae family within the chlamydiales order. as other chlamydiales, it is an obligate intracellular bacterium characterized by a biphasic developmental cycle. its similarities with the pathogenic chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae make it an interesting bacterium. so far, little is known about its biology, but s. negevensis harbors various microbiological characteri ...201727786615
recent advances and future directions in understanding and treating chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis.reactive arthritis (rea) is an inflammatory disease that can follow gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections. the primary etiologic agent for post-venereal rea is the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis; its relative, c pneumoniae, has also been implicated in disease induction although to a lesser degree. studies have indicated that the arthritis is elicited by chlamydiae infecting synovial tissue in an unusual biologic state designated persistence. we review clinical aspects, host-pathogen inte ...201727627462
tet(c) gene transfer between chlamydia suis strains occurs by homologous recombination after co-infection: implications for spread of tetracycline-resistance among chlamydiaceae.chlamydia suis is a swine pathogen that has also recently been found to cause zoonotic infections of the human eye, pharynx, and gastrointestinal tract. many strains contain a tetracycline class c gene [tet(c)] cassette that confers tetracycline resistance. the cassette was likely originally acquired by horizontal gene transfer from a gram-negative donor after the introduction of tetracycline into animal feed in the 1950s. various research groups have described the capacity for different chlamyd ...201728223970
chlamydial eye infections: current perspectives.chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intraocular bacteria causing trachoma, adult and neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis, was the leading cause of blindness in the last century worldwide. improvement in socioeconomic and living conditions, availability of antibiotics, and introduction of national trachoma control programmes reduced the prevalence in developed countries, but it persisted in resource-poor settings of africa and asia, including india. in 2016, as per the who report, trachoma is restri ...201728345563
augmented oxidative stress in infertile women with persistent chlamydial infection.there is established association between oxidative stress, infections of genital tract and fertility. genital tract infections may provoke increased production of free radicals and generate oxidative stress that can be involved in pathophysiology of a number of reproductive diseases and complications during pregnancy. the aim of this study was to determine connection between oxidative stress and infertility associated with persistent chlamydial infection. serum samples of infertile women with tu ...201728336198
higher prevalence of colonization with gardnerella vaginalis and gram-negative anaerobes in patients with recurrent miscarriage and elevated peripheral natural killer cells.the role of vaginal infections in recurrent miscarriage (rm) is discussed controversially and screening is not recommended in international guidelines. peripheral and uterine nk cells (pnk, unk) play an important role in the establishment of a healthy pregnancy and are targets of immune diagnostics in rm patients. the aim of this study was to analyze the composition of the vaginal microbiota in rm patients and to correlate the findings to clinical characteristics as well as nk cell parameters. i ...201728388469
comparison of the nine polymorphic membrane proteins of chlamydia trachomatis for their ability to induce protective immune responses in mice against a c. muridarum challenge.to test vaccines, formulated with novel antigens, to protect mice against chlamydia infections.201728385608
incidence of repeat testing and diagnoses of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoea in swingers, homosexual and heterosexual men and women at two large dutch sti clinics, 2006-2013.swingers, that is, heterosexuals who as a couple have sex with others, including group sex and bisexual behaviour, are an older-aged risk group for stis. here, we report on their repeat testing (reattendance) and sti yield compared with other heterosexuals and men who have sex with men (msm, homosexual men) at two dutch sti clinics.201728373241
chlamydia trachomatis chxr is a transcriptional regulator of virulence factors that function in in vivo host pathogen interactions.chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen characterized by a unique biphasic developmental cycle that alternates between infectious and non-infectious organisms. chlamydial chxr is a transcriptional activator that has been implicated in the regulation of the development cycle. we used a reverse genetics approach to generate three chxr null mutants. all three mutants grew normally in cultured mammalian cells. whole genome sequencing identified snps in other genes, however, none ...201728369275
high proportion of anorectal chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae after routine universal urogenital and anorectal screening in women visiting the sti clinic.testing on indication of self-reported anal sex or symptoms is used to manage anorectal chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhoea) infections in women. little is known about the impact of another testing strategy: routine universal anorectal screening with respect to chlamydia and gonorrhoea prevalence and risk factors.201728369227
whole-genome sequencing of repeat-positive, same-serovar chlamydia trachomatis collected from the female genital tract demonstrate persistent infections and genome stability.the biology of recurrent or long-term infections of humans by chlamydia trachomatis is poorly understood. because repeated or persistent infections are correlated with serious complications in human chlamydial infections, understanding these processes may improve clinical management and public health disease control.201728368459
chlamydia trachomatis' struggle to keep its host alive.bacteria of the phylum chlamydiae infect a diverse range of eukaryotic host species, including vertebrate animals, invertebrates, and even protozoa. characteristics shared by all chlamydiae include their obligate intracellular lifestyle and a biphasic developmental cycle. the infectious form, the elementary body (eb), invades a host cell and differentiates into the replicative form, the reticulate body (rb), which proliferates within a membrane-bound compartment, the inclusion. after several rou ...201728357396
a co-infection model system and the use of chimeric proteins to study chlamydia inclusion proteins interaction.chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with trachoma and sexually transmitted diseases. during its intracellular developmental cycle, chlamydia resides in a membrane bound compartment called the inclusion. a subset of type iii secreted effectors, the inclusion membrane proteins (inc), are inserted into the inclusion membrane. inc proteins are strategically positioned to promote inclusion interaction with host factors and organelles, a process required for bacteri ...201728352612
high hiv prevalence and incidence among women in southern mozambique: evidence from the mdp microbicide feasibility study.the study aimed to assess the feasibility of conducting large scale hiv prevention clinical trials in mozambique by measuring hiv prevalence and incidence among women of reproductive age. this paper describes the baseline socio-demographic characteristics of the mozambique microbicides development programme (mdp) feasibility cohort, baseline prevalence of hiv and other stis, and hiv incidence.201728350843
chlamydia trachomatis-containing vacuole serves as deubiquitination platform to stabilize mcl-1 and to interfere with host defense.obligate intracellular chlamydia trachomatis replicate in a membrane-bound vacuole called inclusion, which serves as a signaling interface with the host cell. here, we show that the chlamydial deubiquitinating enzyme (cdu) 1 localizes in the inclusion membrane and faces the cytosol with the active deubiquitinating enzyme domain. the structure of this domain revealed high similarity to mammalian deubiquitinases with a unique α-helix close to the substrate-binding pocket. we identified the apoptos ...201728347402
chlamydia preserves the mitochondrial network necessary for replication via microrna-dependent inhibition of fission.obligate intracellular bacteria such as chlamydia trachomatis depend on metabolites of the host cell and thus protect their sole replication niche by interfering with the host cells' stress response. here, we investigated the involvement of host micrornas (mirnas) in maintaining the viability of c. trachomatis-infected primary human cells. we identified mir-30c-5p as a prominently up-regulated mirna required for the stable down-regulation of p53, a major suppressor of metabolite supply in c. tra ...201728330939
mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum and chlamydia trachomatis respiratory colonization in malaysian preterm infants.this prospective observational study aims to determine the incidence, predictors and clinical features of mycoplasma hominis (mh), ureaplasma urealyticum (uu) and chlamydia trachomatis (ct) respiratory colonization in infants <37 weeks of gestation. a total of 200 preterm newborns admitted to a tertiary center in malaysia between 2013 and 2015 for increased breathing effort had their respiratory secretions tested for these bacteria by polymerase chain reaction. fifteen of the 200 (7.5%) infants ...201728334949
chlamydia trachomatis and hpv co-infections in hiv negative men from a multi-ethnic area of northern italy at high prevalence of cervical malignancies.chlamydia trachomatis and hpv coinfections in the male population are often a disregarded issue. we performed a study to evaluate the prevalence of such infections in heterosexual hiv negative men from a northern italy multi-ethnic area at high prevalence for cervical malignancies. urethral swabs (us) or first-voided urine were evaluated retrospectively from 1317 patients attending sexually transmitted infections (sti) clinic and from 3388 outpatients attending private clinics. informations abou ...201728316071
frequency of anti-chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in infertile women referred to tabriz al-zahra hospital.infertility is one of the major issues in society and its incidence is estimated to be almost 10-15%. chlamydia trachomatis (c. trachomatis) is an important cause of sexually transmitted diseases leading to infertility.201728280796
development of a proximity labeling system to map the chlamydia trachomatis inclusion membrane.chlamydia grows within a membrane-bound vacuole termed an inclusion. the cellular processes that support the biogenesis and integrity of this pathogen-specified parasitic organelle are not understood. chlamydia secretes integral membrane proteins called incs that insert into the chlamydial inclusion membrane (im). incs contain at least two hydrophobic transmembrane domains flanked by termini, which vary in size and are exposed to the host cytosol. in addition, incs are temporally expressed durin ...201728261569
simultaneous detection and identification of sti pathogens by multiplex real-time pcr in genital tract specimens in a selected area of apulia, a region of southern italy.genital tract infections are globally a major cause of morbidity in sexually active individuals. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associations of co-infections of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma hominis (mh), mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma urealyticum (uu) and ureaplasma parvum (up) in specimens collected from female (sf) and male (sm) patients.201728260146
chlamyweb study i: rationale, design and acceptability of an internet-based chlamydia testing intervention.in recent years, the internet has widely facilitated chlamydia trachomatis home-sampling. in france (2012), the chlamyweb study evaluated an intervention (chlamyweb) involving home-based self-sampling via the internet. one element of the study consisted of a randomised controlled trial (rct), which is reported in detail elsewhere. the focus of this paper, however, is on describing the chlamyweb intervention and reporting on the non-rct element of the evaluation of that intervention by the chlamy ...201728258251
geometrical properties of the manganese(iv)/iron(iii) cofactor of chlamydia trachomatis ribonucleotide reductase unveiled by simulations of xas spectra.using simulations of mn/fe k-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (xas), combined with dft-optimized structural models and direct comparisons with available experimental data, we determine geometrical and electronic properties of the mn-fe active site of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) of ribonucleotide reductase (rnr). in the post-edge xas energy range, we use extended x-ray absorption fine structure (exafs) data, to acquire absorber-scatterer geometrical information around each absorber metal center. ...201728332661
chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia-like bacteria: new enemies of human pregnancies.this review provides an update on the roles of chlamydia trachomatis and the related waddlia chondrophila and parachlamydia acanthamoebae in miscarriage, stillbirths and preterm labour in humans. a broad audience, including microbiologist, infectiologists, obstetricians and gynaecologists, should be aware of the potential threat of these chlamydiales for human reproduction.201728306562
human papillomavirus and chlamydia trachomatis infection in gyneco-obstetric outpatients from a mexican hospital.human papillomavirus (hpv) and chlamydia trachomatis are the most frequent sexually transmitted infections, usually asymptomatic. persistent infection with high-risk hpv types and other cofactors such as the concomitant infection with c. trachomatis can represent a higher risk to develop cervical lesions; therefore, screening with sensitive methods could aid to identify women at risk.201728303822
haemophilus influenzae isolated from men with acute urethritis: its pathogenic roles, responses to antimicrobial chemotherapies, and antimicrobial susceptibilities.there have been few comprehensive studies on haemophilus influenza-positive urethritis.201728282645
[genital chlamydia trachomatis infection and associated risk factors in male clients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in 9 cities in guangdong province].objective: to investigate the prevalence of genital chlamydia trachomatis (gct) infection and associated risk factors in male clients attending sexually transmitted disease (std) clinics in guangdong and provide integrated intervention strategy for this group. methods: convenient sampling was used to recruit participants from april to june in 2015 in guangdong province. the information about their socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors were collected by using a questionnaire, and ...201728329941
sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine exhibits dose-response protection against adverse birth outcomes related to sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections.we conducted a prospective cohort study in zambia among pregnant women who received intermittent preventive treatment using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (iptp-sp).201728329383
exploring why a complex intervention piloted in general practices did not result in an increase in chlamydia screening and diagnosis: a qualitative evaluation using the fidelity of implementation model.chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection (sti) in england; approximately 70% of diagnoses are in sexually active young adults aged under 25. to facilitate opportunistic chlamydia screening in general practice, a complex intervention, based on a previously successful chlamydia intervention randomised trial (cirt), was piloted in england. the modified intervention (3cs and hiv) aimed to encourage general practice staff to routinely offer chlam ...201728327096
establishment of multiplex solid-phase strip pcr test for detection of 24 ocular infectious disease pathogens.to establish and evaluate a new multiplex solid-phase strip polymerase chain reaction (strip pcr) for concurrent detection of common ocular infectious disease pathogens.201728282487
spread of a new c. trachomatis variant from men who have sex with men to the heterosexual population after the replacement and recombination in ompa and pmph genes.sexually transmitted infections are frequently related to outbreaks in high-risk populations due to the dense sexual networks. we wanted to determine the dissemination of a c. trachomatis variant characterized by pmph-recombinant gene between l and g genotypes, which was previously described in a high-risk population.201728323193
utility of risk-based chlamydia testing in primary care: analysis of retrospective surveillance data among women in melbourne, australia.background: chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) continues to be a public health challenge in australia, with some contention as to the best screening approach. in the present study we examined chlamydia testing, positivity and sexual behaviour among women with the aim of informing targeted testing among women aged ≥30 years. methods: a longitudinal analysis was conducted on retrospective surveillance data collected among women attending general practice, family planning and sexual health clinics p ...201728384432
chlamyweb study ii: a randomised controlled trial (rct) of an online offer of home-based chlamydia trachomatis sampling in france.the number of cases of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) diagnosed has increased in the past 15 years in france as well as in other european countries. this paper reports a randomised controlled trial (rct) to evaluate whether the offer of home-based testing over the internet increased the number of young people tested for chlamydia compared with the current testing strategy and to estimate the number and risks factors of the infected population. this rct took place as an element of the chlamyweb study ...201728377422
a snapshot of chlamydia trachomatis genetic diversity using multilocus sequence type analysis in an australian metropolitan setting.high-resolution screening methodologies which enable the differentiation of chlamydia trachomatis at the strain level, directly from clinical samples, can provide the detailed information required for epidemiological questions such as the dynamics of treatment failure. in addition, they give a detailed snapshot of circulating c. trachomatis genetic variation, data which are currently lacking for the australian population. in the context of two australian clinical trials, we assessed the genetic ...201728220321
survey of sexually transmitted disease laboratory methods in u.s. army laboratories, 2012.sexually transmitted diseases (std) affect primarily young people (17-24 years). the u.s. military, with many young people, strives to maintain effective std treatment and prevention programs using current methods. laboratory testing technology and capacity are important for appropriate clinical management and to provide data to direct prevention programs. std laboratory capabilities are assessed in civilian and military laboratories using surveys. an army laboratory survey was conducted in 2007 ...201728290950
profiling and validation of individual and patterns of chlamydia trachomatis-specific antibody responses in trachomatous trichiasis.ocular chlamydia trachomatis (ct) infection causes trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness. a ct d/uw3 proteome microarray and sera from gambian adults with trachomatous trichiasis (tt) or healthy matched controls previously identified several novel antigens, which suggested differential recognition in adults with tt.201728288672
development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to a common urogenital derivative of chlamydia trachomatis plasmid-encoded pgp3.urogenital infection with chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection in the developed world. accurate measurement and therefore understanding the seroprevalence of urogenital c. trachomatis infections requires a rigorously optimised and validated elisa. previous elisas based on the c. trachomatis plasmid-encoded protein, pgp3, have been described but lack standardisation and critical controls or use a less common pgp3 as the capture antigen.201728283408
point-of-care sexually transmitted infection diagnostics: proceedings of the star sexually transmitted infection-clinical trial group programmatic meeting.the goal of the point-of-care (poc) sexually transmitted infection (sti) diagnostics meeting was to review the state-of-the-art research and develop recommendations for the use of poc sti diagnostics. experts from academia, government, nonprofit, and industry discussed poc diagnostics for stis such as chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis, and treponema pallidum. key objectives included a review of current and emerging technologies, clinical an ...201728282646
chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis screening and treatment of pregnant women in port-au-prince, haiti.in haiti, routine screening for chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) among pregnant women is not conducted; yet these sexually transmitted infections (stis) are associated with adverse birth and newborn health outcomes. we aimed to assess the acceptability and feasibility of screening and the prevalence of stis among pregnant women in port-au-prince, haiti. pregnant women of at least 18 years of age who attend haitian study group for kaposi's sar ...201728134005
costing of national sti program implementation for the global sti control strategy for the health sector, 2016-2021.in 2016 the world health assembly adopted the global strategy on sexually transmitted infections (sti) 2016-2021 aiming to reduce curable stis by 90% by 2030. we costed scaling-up priority interventions to coverage targets.201728129372
chlamydia trachomatis pgp3 antibody population seroprevalence before and during an era of widespread opportunistic chlamydia screening in england (1994-2012).opportunistic chlamydia screening of <25 year-olds was nationally-implemented in england in 2008 but its impact on chlamydia transmission is poorly understood. we undertook a population-based seroprevalence study to explore the impact of screening on cumulative incidence of chlamydia, as measured by c.trachomatis-specific antibody.201728129328
prevalence and the associated risk factors of hiv, stis and hbv among men who have sex with men in kunming, china.to investigate the prevalence and the associated risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and sexually transmitted infections (stis) among men who have sex with men (msm) in kunming, 300 msm were recruited through community-based organizations between september 2014 and january 2015. the prevalence of hiv, hbsag, syphilis, chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) were 17.0%, 7.7%, 11.3%, 18.2% and 13.2%, respectively. in the three different ana ...201728120646
probability of vertical transmission of chlamydia trachomatis estimated from national registry data.chlamydia trachomatis colonisation is common in pregnant women, and it has been claimed that mother-to-child transmission may occur in 10%-70% of deliveries. c. trachomatis infections are nevertheless rarely encountered in infants in clinical practice. in order to evaluate the reason for this discrepancy, we designed a nationwide study of the c. trachomatis vertical transmission.201728228485
structural basis for the hijacking of endosomal sorting nexin proteins by chlamydia trachomatis.during infection chlamydial pathogens form an intracellular membrane-bound replicative niche termed the inclusion, which is enriched with bacterial transmembrane proteins called incs. incs bind and manipulate host cell proteins to promote inclusion expansion and provide camouflage against innate immune responses. sorting nexin (snx) proteins that normally function in endosomal membrane trafficking are a major class of inclusion-associated host proteins, and are recruited by ince/ct116. crystal s ...201728226239
chlamydia trachomatis infection in young pregnant women in southern brazil: a cross-sectional study.this study estimated the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection during pregnancy in a sample of women up to 29 years of age in the city of pelotas, rio grande do sul state, brazil, and investigated socio-demographic risk factors such as maternal age, marital status, maternal schooling, and family income. c. trachomatis infection was diagnosed with pcr using bd probetectm ct/gc amplified dna assay. socio-demographic, behavioral, and reproductive data were collected using structured questio ...201728226066
prevalence and risk factors of chlamydia infection in hong kong: a population-based geospatial household survey and testing.chlamydia causes infertility and increases risk of hiv infection, and population-based studies provide essential information for effective infection control and prevention. this study examined chlamydia trachomatis prevalence and risk factors among a representative sample of 18-49-year-old residents in hong kong.201728225805
screening for chlamydia trachomatis infections in women. 201728225683
sexually transmitted infection risk among women is not fully explained by partner numbers.increased sexual partner numbers may contribute to sexually transmitted infection (sti) risk for some but not all women. this study compared women reporting having four or more partners during the preceding year (multiple partnership group) with those reporting having one partner (single partnership group) with regard to sexually risky behaviors and other modifiable predictors of sti risk. we also compared the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, her ...201728257539
chlamydia interfere with an interaction between the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and sorting nexins to counteract host restriction.chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen that resides in a membrane-bound compartment, the inclusion. the bacteria secrete a unique class of proteins, incs, which insert into the inclusion membrane and modulate the host-bacterium interface. we previously reported that ince binds specifically to the sorting nexin 5 phox domain (snx5-px) and disrupts retromer trafficking. here, we present the crystal structure of the snx5-px:ince complex, showing ince bound to a unique and highl ...201728252385
development a rapid and accurate multiplex real time pcr method for the detection chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma hominis.sexually transmitted diseases easily spread among sexually active people and often have no symptoms. rapid and accurate method for detecting these infections are necessary in early stages. the traditional detection methods of them are difficult and time-consuming.201728238212
sexual partner characteristics and incident rectal neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis infections among gay men and other men who have sex with men (msm): a prospective cohort in abuja and lagos, nigeria.stis including neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and chlamydia trachomatis (ct) potentiate hiv acquisition and transmission especially among gay men and other men who have sex with men (msm). we investigated the influence of sexual network composition on incident rectal ng and/or ct infections among nigerian msm.201728235839
comparison of the population excess fraction of chlamydia trachomatis infection on pelvic inflammatory disease at 12-months in the presence and absence of chlamydia testing and treatment: systematic review and retrospective cohort analysis.the impact of chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) control on the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) is theoretically limited by the proportion of pid caused by chlamydia. we estimate the population excess fraction (pef) of treated chlamydia infection on pid at 12-months in settings with widespread chlamydia control (testing and treatment) and compare this to the estimated pef of untreated chlamydia.201728199392
intrauterine inoculation of minipigs with chlamydia trachomatis during diestrus establishes a longer lasting infection compared to vaginal inoculation during estrus.advanced animal models, such as minipigs, are needed for the development of a globally requested human chlamydia vaccine. previous studies have shown that vaginal inoculation of sexually mature göttingen minipigs with chlamydia trachomatis resulted in an infection lasting only 3-5 days. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of targeting the upper porcine genital tract by transcervical and transabdominal intrauterine inoculation, compared to previously performed vaginal inoculation. fu ...201728189786
mycoplasma genitalium: a mycoplasma still underestimated.three men referred to the emergency department with suspected sexually transmitted infection like urethritis. after collection of several clinical specimens, they are sent home with a probabilistic treatment. mycoplasma genitalium research is performed in first line, as neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis, and comes back positive. patients are recalled in order to evaluate probabilistic treatment efficiency. m. genitalium, still underestimated because of its recent discovery, is resp ...201728377334
molecular typing of chlamydia trachomatis: an overview.urogenital infection due to chlamydia trachomatis (ct) is one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections (stis) and is a major public health problem worldwide. molecular characterisation of ct is important for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of chlamydial disease and its transmission dynamics in sexual networks. traditionally, strain typing of ct was based on serotyping methods characterising the major outer membrane protein (momp). with the advent of polymerase ...201728303813
routine testing of mycoplasma genitalium and trichomonas vaginalis.mycoplasma genitalium (mg) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) are common sexual transmitted infections (sti). however, most sti screening programmes do not include routinely detection of these pathogens. consequently, epidemiological data about mg and tv in the general population is lacking. the current study aims to give insight into the prevalence of both infections, thereby guiding decisions whether testing for these pathogens should be included routinely.201728301989
increasing yield of pharyngeal chlamydia trachomatis among male gay and bisexual clinic attendees in sydney: an observational study.background: the aim of the present study was to describe the temporal trends in chlamydia trachomatis (ct) testing yield among gay and bisexual male (gbm) sexual health clinic attendees in sydney. methods: all ct testing occasions among gbm from january 2011 to december 2014 were reviewed. yield was defined as the proportion of testing occasions where ct was detected. results: in all, 2917 gbm were tested on 5445 occasions. ct was detected on 439 (8.1%; 95% confidence interval (ci) 7.4-8.8%) occ ...201728297632
high-content imaging reveals expansion of the endosomal compartment during coxiella burnetii parasitophorous vacuole maturation.coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of human q fever. replication of the bacterium within a large parasitophorous vacuole (pv) resembling a host phagolysosome is required for pathogenesis. pv biogenesis is a pathogen driven process that requires engagement of several host cell vesicular trafficking pathways to acquire vacuole components. the goal of this study was to determine if infection by c. burnetii modulates endolysosomal flux to potentially bene ...201728293541
multiplexed nanoplasmonic biosensor for one-step simultaneous detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in urine.development of rapid and multiplexed diagnostic tools is a top priority to address the current epidemic problem of sexually transmitted diseases. here we introduce a novel nanoplasmonic biosensor for simultaneous detection of the two most common bacterial infections: chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae. our plasmonic microarray is composed of gold nanohole sensor arrays that exhibit the extraordinary optical transmission (eot), providing highly sensitive analysis in a label-free conf ...201728364702
high prevalence of curable sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women in a rural county hospital in kilifi, kenya.women attending antenatal care (anc) in resource-limited countries are frequently screened for syphilis and hiv, but rarely for other sexually transmitted infections (stis). we assessed the prevalence of curable stis, defined as infection with either chlamydia trachomatis or neisseria gonorrhoeae or trichomonas vaginalis, from july to september 2015.201728362869
prevalence and characteristics of gastrointestinal infections in men who have sex with men diagnosed with rectal chlamydia infection in the uk: an 'unlinked anonymous' cross-sectional study.gastrointestinal infections (gii) can cause serious ill health and morbidity. although primarily transmitted through faecal contamination of food or water, transmission through sexual activity is well described, especially among men who have sex with men (msm).201728360379
demographics, behaviors, and sexual health characteristics of high risk men who have sex with men and transgender women who use social media to meet sex partners in lima, peru.men who have sex with men (msm) and transgender women (tw) in peru bear a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and sexually transmitted infections (stis). in a context of quickly expanding communication technology, increasing numbers of msm and tw are using social media applications to seek sex partners. understanding social media users and their sex partnering practices is needed to update hiv and sti prevention programming.201728178111
mirnas that associate with conjunctival inflammation and ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection do not predict progressive disease. 201728175294
a review of expedited partner therapy for the management of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents.adolescents are at high risk of acquiring and becoming reinfected with sexually transmitted infections. partner notification and treatment are essential to preventing the spread of sexually transmitted infections. expedited partner therapy (ept) is a method of partner treatment used by medical providers to treat patients' sexual partners without direct medical evaluation or counseling. the objective of this article is to review the current literature regarding ept effectiveness, patients' attitu ...201728167140
partner notification and treatment for sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women in gaborone, botswana.chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) are sexually transmitted infections (stis) associated with adverse birth outcomes. untreated partners contribute to high rates of sti reinfection; thus, partner notification and treatment remain important components of sti care and control. a prospective cohort study was conducted among 300 pregnant women presenting to the antenatal clinic at princess marina hospital in gaborone, botswana who enrolled in an st ...201728166698
risk behaviours and prevalences of hiv and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in various venues in changzhou, china.female sex workers (fsws) play an important role in the heterosexual transmission of hiv and sexually transmitted infections (stis) in china. we conducted a cross-sectional study of 609 fsws from various venues in changzhou to investigate risk behaviours and prevalences of hiv and stis among fsw subgroups. structured questionnaires were used in face-to-face interviews to collect information. blood and cervical specimens were collected to test for hiv, syphilis, neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and chl ...201728120644
the predominant cd4(+) th1 cytokine elicited to chlamydia trachomatis infection in women is tumor necrosis factor alpha and not interferon gamma.chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection and can cause significant reproductive morbidity in women. there is insufficient knowledge of c. trachomatis-specific immune responses in humans, which could be important in guiding vaccine development efforts. in contrast, murine models have clearly demonstrated the essential role of t helper type 1 (th1) cells, especially interferon gamma (ifn-γ)-producing cd4(+) t cells, in protective immunity to ch ...201728100498
should female partners of men with non-gonococcal urethritis, negative for chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium, be informed and treated? clinical outcomes from a partner study of heterosexual men with ngu.to determine if female partners of men with pathogen-negative non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) are at risk of genital infection.201728079749
sentinel surveillance for expedited partner therapy prescriptions using pharmacy data, in 2 new york city neighborhoods, 2015.expedited partner therapy (ept) for chlamydia trachomatis (ct) is the practice of providing ct-infected patients with medication, or prescription (prescription-ept) to deliver to their sex partners without first examining those partners. new york city (nyc) providers commonly use prescription-ept, yet nyc pharmacists report only occasional receipt of ept prescriptions. this project assessed the frequency of ept prescriptions filled in 2 nyc neighborhoods.201728079746
involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in endometrial extracellular matrix turnover in chlamydia trachomatis-infected recurrent spontaneous aborters.mechanism underlying chlamydia trachomatis disease pathology is not completely understood. it was hypothesised that dysregulation of extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) might be involved in sequelae of events leading to abortion in c. trachomatis-infected women. hence, this study was undertaken to elucidate the expression of mmp-2/mmp-9/timp-1/timp-3 in infected recurrent spontaneous aborters (rsa) and simultaneously ascertain effect of few cytokines (tnf-α, tgf-β1, tgf-β2)/ ...201728115359
prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in an urban public hospital pregnancy termination clinic.this study is a follow-up observational study to assess the prevalence of chlamydia (ct) and gonorrhea (gc) among women who undergo a first-trimester surgical termination in a large public, urban hospital-based termination clinic, and to compare the rates to previously published data. we conducted a retrospective chart review on 4197 patients who underwent ct and gc testing before an elective, first-trimester surgical termination between 1 june 2014 and 31 may 2015. the prevalence rates were cal ...201728114879
biological effects of chlamydiaphage phicpg1 capsid protein vp1 on chlamydia trachomatis in vitro and in vivo.the researches on chlamydia in recent years show that chlamydia bacteriophage may be a potential and effective means to solve the clinical infection of chlamydia trachomatis (ct). we investigated the biological effect of chlamydiaphage phicpg1 capsid protein vp1 on ct both in mccoy cells and genital tract of mice. different concentrations of vp1 were co-incubated with ct e serotype strain in mccoy cells. female balb/c mice were used to establish ct e strain-induced urogenital infection model. th ...201728224434
status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for chlamydia trachomatis infection.genital infection with chlamydia trachomatis, a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally. ascension of chlamydial infection to the female upper genital tract can cause acute pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. shortcomings of current chlamydia control strategies, especially for low- and middle-income countries, highlight the need for an effective vaccine. evi ...201728111145
an evaluation study of the becton-dickinson probetec qx (bdqx) trichomonas vaginalis trichomoniasis molecular diagnostic test in two large, urban std services.the bashh guidelines recommend molecular tests to aid diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection; however many clinics continue to use relatively insensitive techniques (ph, wet-prep microscopy (wpm) and culture). our objectives were to establish a laboratory pathway for tv testing with the becton-dickinson qx (bdqx) molecular assay, to determine tv prevalence and to identify variables associated with tv detection.201728108699
a protective vaccine against chlamydia genital infection using vault nanoparticles without an added adjuvant.chlamydia trachomatis genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial disease, causing a significant burden to females due to reproductive dysfunction. intensive screening and antibiotic treatment are unable to completely prevent female reproductive dysfunction, thus, efforts have become focused on developing a vaccine. a major impediment is identifying a safe and effective adjuvant which induces cluster of differentiation 4 (cd4) cells with attributes capable of halting geni ...201728106821
the discovery of chlamydia trachomatis. 201728100758
chlamydia trachomatis cellular exit alters interactions with host dendritic cells.the strategies utilized by pathogens to exit host cells are an area of pathogenesis which has received surprisingly little attention, considering the necessity of this step for infections to propagate. even less is known about how exit through these pathways affects downstream host-pathogen interactions and the generation of an immune response. chlamydia exits host epithelial cells through two equally-active mechanisms: lysis and extrusion. studies have characterized the outcome of interactions ...201728223346
diagnosis of some genital-tract infections: part 1. an historical perspective.making a prompt and accurate diagnosis of genital tract infections is the key to instituting appropriate treatment and the linchpin of sexually transmitted infection control. we present a brief history, not covering syphilis, of diagnostic events for each of six bacteria and one protozoan from the time of discovery up to the molecular revolution. the latter is touched upon but its impact will form the substance of a further presentation. here, hindsight is helpful in understanding the way in whi ...201728186463
chlamydial lipoproteins stimulate toll-like receptors 1/2 mediated inflammatory responses through myd88-dependent pathway.chlamydiae are very important pathogens which could cause several types of diseases in human, but little is known about its pathogenic mechanism. in order to elucidate host inflammatory response and the signal pathway induced by chlamydial lipoproteins, the predicted lipoproteins of chlamydia trachomatis were tested for their ability to induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines by mouse macrophages or human tlr (toll-like receptor) expressing cell lines. the results showed that recombinant ...201728184217
emergence of the lymphogranuloma venereum l2c genovariant, hungary, 2012 to 2016.in eastern europe, few countries have so far reported laboratory-confirmed cases of lymphogranuloma venereum (lgv). here we describe 22 lgv cases in men who have sex with men (msm) detected in hungary from november 2012 to july 2016. sequence analyses show that 16 of these 22 cases were affected by the l2c genovariant, with from 2012 to 2014, one lgv l2c case detected per year, followed by seven cases in 2015 and six up to july 2016. of the 16 total l2c lgv cases, 10 had severe haemorrhagic proc ...201728183394
comparison of cobas 4800, m2000, viper xtr, and infinity 80 automated instruments when processing urine specimens for the diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae.north american and european advisory groups recommend testing for chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) with nucleic acid amplification tests. testing is often performed on automated instruments. the objectives of this study were to process urines for the diagnosis of ct and ng and to examine workflow procedures and outcomes.201728182591
defining seropositivity thresholds for use in trachoma elimination studies.efforts are underway to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem by 2020. programmatic guidelines are based on clinical signs that correlate poorly with chlamydia trachomatis (ct) infection in post-treatment and low-endemicity settings. age-specific seroprevalence of anti ct pgp3 antibodies has been proposed as an alternative indicator of the need for intervention. to standardise the use of these tools, it is necessary to develop an analytical approach that performs reproducibly both within ...201728099433
effect of bovine lactoferrin on chlamydia trachomatis infection and inflammation.chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate, intracellular pathogen responsible for the most common sexually transmitted bacterial disease worldwide, causing acute and chronic infections. the acute infection is susceptible to antibiotics, whereas the chronic one needs prolonged therapies, thus increasing the risk of developing antibiotic resistance. novel alternative therapies are needed. the intracellular development of c. trachomatis requires essential nutrients, including iron. iron-chelating drugs ...201728094551
analysis of laboratory testing results for chlamydia trachomatis infection in an sti clinic in india: need for extragenital screening.extragenital sites are believed to serve as hidden reservoirs for ongoing transmission of infection. in addition, treatment for rectal chlamydia infection is different from that of genital chlamydia infection. many cases may be missed if only genital testing is performed.201728088589
simkania negevensis may produce long-lasting infections in human pneumocytes and endometrial cells.simkania negevensis is a novel chlamydia-related bacterium and the founding member of the simkaniaceae family within the chlamydiales order. little is known about the biology and pathogenesis of this bacterium. so far, s. negevensis has been considered as an amoebal symbiont, but its natural host remains unknown. moreover, evidence of human exposition has been reported worldwide and an association with pneumonia and bronchiolitis is suspected. here, we evaluated the ability of s. negevensis to r ...201728087650
impact of deploying multiple point-of-care tests with a 'sample first' approach on a sexual health clinical care pathway. a service evaluation.to assess clinical service value of sti point-of-care test (poct) use in a 'sample first' clinical pathway (patients providing samples on arrival at clinic, before clinician consultation). specific outcomes were: patient acceptability; whether a rapid nucleic acid amplification test (naat) for chlamydia trachomatis/neisseria gonorrhoeae (ct/ng) could be used as a poct in practice; feasibility of non-naat poct implementation for trichomonas vaginalis (tv) and bacterial vaginosis (bv); impact on p ...201728159916
cervical fluid calreticulin and cathepsin-g in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes.the study aimed to determine the cervical calreticulin and cathepsin-g concentrations in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pprom) with respect to the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (miac) and intra-amniotic inflammation (iai).201728152632
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