Publications

rickettsialpox.		1982	6119522
role of t-lymphocytes in production of antibody to antigens of rickettsia tsutsugamushi and other rickettsia species.	the requirement of thymus-dependent lymphocytes for antibody production to rickettsia tsutsugamushi, rickettsia akari, rickettsia conorii, and rickettsia typhi was investigated by comparing antibody production in athymic (nu/nu) or thymus-bearing balb/c mice. athymic balb/c mice produced antibody after infection with r. akari, r. conorii, and r. typhi as measured by indirect fluorescent antibody titration or radioimmunoassay. antibody production in these mice was a great or greater than in the t ...	1983	6223883
house mouse mites infesting laboratory rodents.	liponyssoides sanguineus, principal vector of rickettsia akari, infested mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) mice (mus musculus) and laboratory-reared egyptian gerbils (meriones libycus). only a few mites were present on each animal and no manifestations of disease were observed. numerous mites were present in the bedding.	1984	6482381
[electron microscopic characteristics of the action of penicillin and vancomycin on rickettsia conorii and rickettsia akari in vitro].	the possibility of l-transformation for two species of rickettsia of the tick group (r. conorii and r. akari) was studied with light and electron microscopy. the experiments were performed on the cultures of l-cells (murine fibroblasts). penicillin and vancomycin were used as the transforming agents. electron microscopy revealed clear changes in the morphological structure of both species when the doses of penicillin and vancomycin were 50-100 and 250-1500 micrograms/ml, respectively. the antibi ...	1984	6486753
[interaction of rickettsia akari with the host cell in vitro: multiplication, formation of spheroplast-like forms and its destruction in phagolyosomes].	the electron microscopic study of the interaction of r. akari, strain ck, with the monolayer culture of l-cells was made 4 days after inoculation. rickettsiae multiplied by transverse binary fission immediately in the cytoplasm of the cells and left the cells by gemmation, surrounded with plasmolemma and a fragment of the host cytoplasm. alongside with multiplying rickettsiae, spheroplast-like rickettsiae and rickettsiae at the stage of destruction were regularly observed in phagolysosomes. the ...	1984	6546830
does epizootic lymphocytic choriomeningitis prime the pump for epidemic rickettsialpox?		1983	6658282
immune responses to rickettsia akari infection in congenitally athymic nude mice.	athymic balb/c nude mice and euthymic balb/c mice were infected with rickettsia akari by the intraperitoneal route. the rickettsialpox infection was terminated in euthymic mice with only two intraperitoneal injections of the antibiotic oxytetracycline, whereas prolonged treatment was necessary to terminate the infection in athymic mice. both athymic and euthymic mice produced specific antibody, but athymic mice were still susceptible to reinfection. killed r. akari served as a protective immunog ...	1980	6893190
macrophages in resistance to rickettsial infection: susceptibility to lethal effects of rickettsia akari infection in mouse strains with defective macrophage function.		1980	6893426
serological study with rickettsial antigens in erythema chronicum migrans.	21 sera of 13 patients with erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) and related diseases were examined for the presence of antibodies against 14 rickettsial antigens by using 3 serological techniques in 2 laboratories. most tests were negative. this indicates that ecm and related diseases are not due to an hitherto known rickettsia. 5 out of 158 tests showed, however, positive reactions in low titers against rickettsia akari and coxiella burnetii. thus, an antigenic relationship may exist between one o ...	1981	6895877
macrophages in resistance to rickettsial infections: genetic analysis of susceptibility to lethal effects of rickettsia akari infection and development of activated, cytotoxic macrophages in a and b10.a mice.	susceptibility to lethal effects of rickettsia akari varies among mouse strains. although most strains are resistant, a/j mice are extremely sensitive (10,000-fold difference in ld50 between resistant and sensitive strains). in contrast to most strains of mice, a/j mice also fail to develop activated, tumoricidal macrophages after any of several in vivo or in vitro treatments. are susceptibility to r. akari and inability to develop activated, cytotoxic macrophages in the a/j strain causally rela ...	1982	6896718
macrophages in resistance to rickettsial infection: strains of mice susceptible to the lethal effects of rickettsia akari show defective macrophage rickettsicidal activity in vitro.	activation of macrophages was assessed in strains of mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 1,000 times the 50% lethal dose of rickettsia akari. macrophages from mice resistant to r. akari infection (c3h/hen, c57bl/10j, and balb/cn) were nonspecifically tumoricidal 2 to 4 days after rickettsial inoculation. moreover, these macrophages were microbial for r. akari in vitro; cells were resistant to infection with the bacterium and were capable of killing intracellular rickettsiae. in contrast, macr ...	1982	7047390
rickettsialpox: report of an outbreak and a contemporary review.	rickettsialpox is a mild illness characterized by the appearance of a primary eschar at the site of a mite bite followed by fever, headache, and a papulovesicular rash. it can be confused with a variety of illnesses including several other rickettsial diseases and chickenpox. r. akari, the etiologic agent, is a rickettsia belonging to the spotted fever group (sfg) of rickettsial illnesses. in spite of significant serologic cross-reactivity with other sfg agents, there is no convincing evidence o ...	1981	7278620
host defenses in experimental rickettsialpox: genetics of natural resistance to infection.	the genetic basis for natural resistance to lethal infection with rickettsia akari was studied in over 25 inbred strains, inbred hybrids, and outbred stocks of mice. inbred mice infected intraperitoneally with the kaplan strain of r. akari demonstrated three levels of response, susceptible (c3h/hej), intermediate (a/hej, a/j, a/wysn, balb/cdub, balb/cj, and sjl/j), and resistant (akr/j, al/n, balb/cann, balb/cncr1br, c3h/hen, c57bl/6j, c57l/j, cba/j, dba/2j, and swr/j). no correlation was eviden ...	1980	7380561
isolation, cultivation, and partial characterization of the elb agent associated with cat fleas.	elb rickettsiae from cat flea homogenates were recovered in tissue culture cells following sequential passage through laboratory rats and the yolk sacs of embryonated chicken eggs. seven days after inoculation of elb from the infected yolk sacs, vero cells and l929 cells were observed to contain intracellular bacteria as demonstrated by diff quik and indirect immunofluorescence assay staining. the rickettsial and elb identity of the cultured agent was confirmed by pcr detection of the 16s rrna a ...	1995	7591142
dermatologic manifestations of arthropod-borne diseases.	the arthropod-borne rickettsial, borrelial, and bacterial diseases of north america are a diverse group of disorders that produce a wide variety of cutaneous abnormalities. these dermatologic abnormalities are often valuable clinical clues that may reveal or suggest the correct diagnosis to the astute clinician. we review the usual and unusual dermatologic manifestations of rocky mountain spotted fever, murine and sylvatic typhus, rickettsialpox, ehrlichiosis, lyme disease, tick-borne relapsing ...	1994	7814841
proteinic and genomic identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated in the former ussr.	sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes (rflp-pcr), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) were used to identify 25 isolates of spotted fever group rickettsia collected in the former ussr. six rickettsia akari isolates which were identical to the mk reference strain from the american type culture collection were found. also, 14 isolates were found to be rickettsia sibirica and ...	1993	7902843
rickettsialpox in a new york city hospital, 1980 to 1989.	rickettsialpox is caused by rickettsia akari, which is transmitted from rodents to humans by bloodsucking mites. the initial skin lesion forms an eschar and is followed by the development of fever, malaise, myalgia, and 5 to 40 maculopapules and papulovesicles. the disease, which responds to tetracycline, can be mistaken for chickenpox. the diagnosis has been based on an increase in serum antibody titers against r. akari over a period of three to eight weeks. we discuss a more rapid technique th ...	1994	7969341
genomic study of rickettsia akari by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of smai-, eagi-, and bsshii-digested dna was used to perform restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of rickettsia akari strains isolated from humans, rodents, and mites in the united states and ukraine. although some differences in biological and serological characteristics were present between strains, the genomic studies demonstrated a high degree of intraspecies homogeneity of r. akari isolates. our results confirm the value of pulsed-field gel elec ...	1995	8576365
rickettsialpox.		1996	8727130
genetic variation in australian spotted fever group rickettsiae.	rickettsiae were isolated by cell culture of buffy coat blood from six patients with spotted fever from southeastern australia and flinders island in bass strait. the isolates were genetically compared with two previous rickettsia australis patient isolates. the genus-specific 17-kda genes from the isolates were compared after dna amplification and restriction fragment analysis of the amplified dna. this comparison revealed that mainland rickettsial isolates from southeastern australia were iden ...	1996	8735110
isolation of rickettsia akari from a patient in a region where mediterranean spotted fever is endemic.	rickettsia akari was isolated from blood collected from a patient in croatia in 1991. we believe this is the first human isolate of r. akari to be reported in more than 40 years and the first ever from southern europe. the croatian isolate was antigenically and genetically indistinguishable from the prototype american strain and a ukrainian strain. in all probability, rickettsialpox would be diagnosed more frequently and over a wider geographic area if physicians gave greater consideration to th ...	1996	8838175
in vitro susceptibilities of bartonella henselae, b. quintana, b. elizabethae, rickettsia rickettsii, r. conorii, r. akari, and r. prowazekii to macrolide antibiotics as determined by immunofluorescent-antibody analysis of infected vero cell monolayers.	the in vitro susceptibilities of bartonella (rochalimaea) henselae, b. quintana, b. elizabethae, rickettsia akari, r. conorii, r. prowazekii, and r. rickettsii to different concentrations of azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, and roxithromycin in vero cell cultures were evaluated. bartonella and rickettsia spp. were allowed to initiate infection of the antibiotic-free vero cell monolayers, which were maintained in 16-chamber microscope slides in the absence of antibiotics ...	1997	9055996
rickettsialpox.	rickettsialpox is a member of the spotted-fever group of the rickettsioses and results from an infection with rickettsia akari. this microbe is transmitted by the bite of the house-mouse mite liponyssoides sanguineus. patents experience fevers, sweats, headaches, and a vesicular eruption over the trunk and extremities. the palms and soles are spared. an eschar results at the spot of the mite bite. tetracycline is the treatment of choice.	1997	9098640
citrate synthase gene comparison, a new tool for phylogenetic analysis, and its application for the rickettsiae.	using pcr and an automated laser fluorescent dna sequencer, we amplified and sequenced a 1,234-bp fragment of the citrate synthase-encoding gene (glta) of 28 bacteria belonging to the genus rickettsia. comparative sequence analysis showed that most of the spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae belonged to one of two subgroups. the first subgroup included rickettsia massiliae, strain bar 29, rickettsia rhipicephali, "rickettsia aeschlimanni," and rickettsia montana, which have been isolated only f ...	1997	9103608
rickettsialpox-like illness in a traveler.	a patient presented after a trip to south africa with a febrile illness and rash that was consistent with either rickettsialpox or mild boutonneuse fever. the clinical, laboratory, and geographic overlap of these diseases makes differentiation difficult in certain situations. several different rickettsial infections may cause an eschar and a rash that may be papulovesicular. from a clinical perspective, distinguishing these diseases is not critically important as long as therapy with tetracyclin ...	1997	9290302
taxonomic relationships among spotted fever group rickettsiae as revealed by antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies.	the spotted fever group (sfg) is made up of more than 20 different rickettsial species and strains. study of the taxonomic relationships among the group has been attempted by phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic analyses. in this study, we determined taxonomic relationships among the sfg rickettsiae by comparative analysis of immunogenic epitopes reactive against a panel of monoclonal antibodies. a total of 98 monoclonal antibodies, which were directed against epitopes on the major immunodomi ...	1998	9542904
[rickettsialpox].		1999	10201193
monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical diagnosis of rickettsialpox: the macrophage is the principal target.	cutaneous biopsies of five eschars and two rash lesions from five patients from new york city with documented rickettsialpox were examined by immunohistochemical methods with a monoclonal antibody directed against spotted fever group rickettsial lipopolysaccharide for the presence and cellular location of rickettsia akari rickettsiae were identified in all of the five patients, with good concordance of results for the same biopsy tissues with previously reported results by the direct immunofluor ...	1999	10349992
serologic evidence of rickettsialpox (rickettsia akari) infection among intravenous drug users in inner-city baltimore, maryland.	we tested single serum samples from 631 intravenous (i.v.) drug users from inner-city baltimore, maryland for serologic evidence of exposure to spotted fever group rickettsiae. a total of 102 (16%) individuals had titers > or = 64 to rickettsia rickettsii by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. confirmation that infection was caused by r. akari was obtained by cross-adsorption studies on a subset of serum samples that consistently resulted in higher titers to r. akari than to r. rickettsii. cur ...	1999	10403316
molecular phylogeny and rearrangement of rrna genes in rickettsia species.	it has previously been observed that rickettsia prowazekii has an unusual arrangement of the rrna genes. in this species, the three rrna genes, 16s (rrs), 23s (rrl), and 5s (rrf), are not linked in the typical arrangements for bacteria. rather, the 16s rrna gene has been separated from the 23s and 5s rrna gene cluster, and the 23s rrna gene is preceded by a gene which codes for methionyl-trnaf(met) formyltransferase (fmt). in this study, we screened the genus rickettsia for the fmt-rrl motif in ...	1999	10406115
in vitro susceptibilities of rickettsia and bartonella spp. to 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin as determined by immunofluorescent antibody analysis of infected vero cell monolayers.	the in vitro susceptibilities of rickettsia akari, rickettsia conorii, rickettsia prowazekii, rickettsia rickettsii, bartonella elizabethae, bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana to different concentrations of clarithromycin, 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin (the primary metabolite of clarithromycin) and tetracycline in vero cell cultures, were determined by enumeration of immunofluorescently-stained bacilli. the extent of antibiotic-induced inhibition of foci was recorded for each dilution of an ...	2000	10702548
serologic evidence of rickettsia akari infection among dogs in a metropolitan city.	to determine whether dogs in new york, ny are naturally infected with rickettsia akari, the causative agent of rickettsialpox in humans.	2001	11394829
phylogeny of rickettsia spp. inferred by comparing sequences of 'gene d', which encodes an intracytoplasmic protein.	'gene d' is the ps120-protein-encoding gene, first described in rickettsia conorii and rickettsia japonica. sequence analysis of a 3030 bp fragment of 'gene d' in 24 representatives of the genus rickettsia was carried out to complete phylogenetic analyses previously inferred by comparison of gene sequences encoding citrate synthase, 17 kda antigen and rompa and rompb. the phylogenetic relationships between rickettsiae were inferred from the comparison of both the gene and the derived protein seq ...	2001	11491333
evidence of rodent-associated bartonella and rickettsia infections among intravenous drug users from central and east harlem, new york city.	we tested serum samples collected in 1997 and 1998 from a cohort of 204 injection drug users (idus) recruited from central and east harlem, new york city, new york, for antibodies reactive with seven rickettsial or bartonella spp. antigens. rodent-associated bartonella elizabethae and rickettsia akari were the primary etiologic agents of interest. the testing panel also included bartonella henselae, bartonella quintana, rickettsia prowazekii, rickettsia rickettsii, and rickettsia typhi. the high ...	2001	11791987
rickettsia-macrophage interactions: host cell responses to rickettsia akari and rickettsia typhi.	the existence of intracellular rickettsiae requires entry, survival, and replication in the eukaryotic host cells and exit to initiate new infection. while endothelial cells are the preferred target cells for most pathogenic rickettsiae, infection of monocytes/macrophages may also contribute to the establishment of rickettsial infection and resulting pathogenesis. we initiated studies to characterize macrophage-rickettsia akari and -rickettsia typhi interactions and to determine how rickettsiae ...	2002	11953398
phylogenetic analysis of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from ticks in japan.	eight spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae isolated from ticks in japan were classified by phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of both the citrate synthase-encoding gene (glta) and 190-kda antigen-encoding gene (rompa). in the phylogenetic tree of glta, strains dt-1 and fla-1 isolated from the dermacentor taiwanensis and haemaphysalis frava ticks, respectively, were placed as rickettsia japonica, and strains io-1, io-2, io-25, im-1 and ip-2 from genus ixodes ticks were place ...	2002	12061626
rickettsialpox in north carolina: a case report.	we report a case of rickettsialpox from north carolina confirmed by serologic testing. to our knowledge, this case is the first to be reported from this region of the united states. including rickettsialpox in the evaluation of patients with eschars or vesicular rashes is likely to extend the recognized geographic distribution of rickettsia akari, the etiologic agent of this disease.	2002	12095443
rickettsialpox in a patient with hiv infection.	we describe the first case of rickettsialpox in a patient infected with hiv. immunohistochemical staining of biopsied lesions showed a relatively large number of rickettsiae within the papulovesicular rash. rickettsialpox is easily treated and may resemble more serious cutaneous eruptions in patients infected with hiv. this diagnosis should be considered in immunocompromised city-dwellers, with fever and a papulovesicular rash.	2003	12582406
urban zoonoses caused by bartonella, coxiella, ehrlichia, and rickettsia species.	the last half of the 20th century witnessed an increase in the occurrence and recognition of urban zoonoses caused by members of the genera bartonella, coxiella, ehrlichia, and rickettsia, all traditionally considered to be members of the family rickettsiaceae. in recent years, new human pathogens (bartonella elizabethae, bartonella henselae, and rickettsia felis) have been recognized in urban environments. other newly recognized pathogens (ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia phagocytophila in t ...	2001	12653141
rickettsialpox in new york city: a persistent urban zoonosis.	rickettsialpox, a spotted fever rickettsiosis, was first identified in new york city (nyc) in 1946. during the next five years, approximately 540 additional cases were identified in nyc. however, during the subsequent five decades, rickettsialpox received relatively little attention from clinicians and public health professionals, and reporting of the disease diminished markedly. during february 2001 through august 2002, 34 cases of rickettsialpox in nyc were confirmed at cdc from cutaneous biop ...	2003	12860597
rickettsialpox; report of four apparent cases in pennsylvania.		1952	12985598
the relationship of the habits of the house mouse and the mouse mite (allodermanyssus sanguineus) to the spread of rickettsialpox.		1953	13065991
the relationship of the habits of the house mouse and the mouse mite (allodermanyssus sanguineus) to the spread of rickettsialpox.		1952	13136222
studies of rickettsialpox. iii. life cycle of the mite vector, allodermanyssus sanguineus.		1954	13138588
the treatment of rickettsialpox with antibiotics.		1952	13139180
rickettsialpox: report of a serologically proved case in cleveland.		1956	13272868
some viral and rickettsial infections in bosnia and herzegovina; a sero-epidemiological study.	investigating viral and rickettsial infections in bosnia and herzegovina, the authors submitted 115 sera of healthy persons to complement-fixation tests with typhus, q fever, mumps, rickettsialpox, and psittacosis antigens. the results obtained indicate that the moslem population tends to show more typhus-positive titres, and at an earlier age, than the non-moslem. while moslems under 20 years old tend to develop typhus in epidemic form, an approximately equal number of epidemic and apparently s ...	1956	13383366
[serodiagnosis of rickettsialpox].		1956	13392716
recovery of rickettsia akari from the korean vole microtus fortis pelliceus.		1957	13478580
[search for the possible presence of antibodies against rickettsia akari].		1957	13484111
the effects of x-rays and beta rays (tritium) on the growth of rickettsia mooseri and rickettsia akari in embrvonate eggs.	the growth of rickettsia mooseri was accelerated and quantitatively increased in embryonate eggs containing tritium oxide at levels of 180, 90, and 45 mc./egg during the growth period. the eggs of a group containing 22.5 mc./egg showed only a slight increase in the rate of growth of organisms; the infections in the eggs of a group given 11.2 mc./egg did not differ significantly from those of the control group. on the other hand, growth of r. akari was inhibited in embryonate eggs containing trit ...	1960	13708436
[on the nature of vitamin c metabolism in gamasidae-borne rickettsiosis (rickettsiosis d)].		1959	13818159
a review of information on ricketsialpox in the united states.		1963	13927940
patterns of "lipovirus" antibody in human populations.		1964	14160453
[rickettsial diseases in the ussr].		1964	14230893
use of mouse serum in identification and serologic classification of rickettsia akari and rickettsia australis.		1965	14332634
[continuous deratization and disinfection as a method of control of rickettsialpox].		1954	14360638
increased detection of rickettsialpox in a new york city hospital following the anthrax outbreak of 2001: use of immunohistochemistry for the rapid confirmation of cases in an era of bioterrorism.	rickettsialpox is a self-limited febrile illness with skin lesions that may be mistaken for signs of potentially more serious diseases, such as cutaneous anthrax or chickenpox. the cluster of cutaneous anthrax cases from bioterrorism in october 2001 likely heightened awareness of and concern for cutaneous eschars.	2003	14676069
rickettsialpox in turkey.		2003	14725263
treatment of rickettsialpox with aureomycin.		1950	14771085
rickettsialpox and q fever.		1950	14772199
rickettsialpox; report of a serologically proved case occurring in a resident of boston.		1950	14780391
rickettsialpox--a new rickettsial disease with oral manifestations; review of literature and case report.		1950	14780676
the experimental and clinical evaluation of terramycin against rickettsia akari (rickettsialpox).		1950	14783347
rickettsialpox in boston; report of a case.		1951	14815716
rickettsialpox case due to laboratory infection.		1951	14816492
rickettsialpox. report of a case.		1951	14832092
studies of rickettsialpox. i. recovery of the causative agent from house mice in boston, massachusetts.		1951	14846793
[rickettsialpox in oubangui-chari, french equatorial africa].		1951	14905186
[the inoculation eschar in rickettsialpox in africans].		1951	14905238
[familiar epidemic of rickettsialpox in a village in oubangui-chari].		1952	14935751
rickettsialpox. ii. recovery of rickettsia akari from mites allodermanyssus sanguineus, from west hartford, conn.		1952	14949113
the behavior of rickettsia akari in the body louse after artificial infection.		1952	14952705
the clinical manifestations and laboratory diagnosis of rickettsialpox.		1949	15393018
rickettsialpox; clinical and laboratory study of 12 hospitalized cases.		1949	15394677
use of chloromycetin in a case of rickettsialpox.		1950	15416964
an undescribed fever resembling varicella and rickettsialpox; preliminary report of 11 cases seen in the transvaal.		1950	15418314
rickettsialpox: report of three cases and a review.	rickettsialpox is a rare mite-borne rickettsiosis that is encountered in urban populations in the eastern united states and throughout the world. it is characterized clinically by an eschar, fever, and a papulovesicular eruption. both of these cutaneous manifestations may be mimicked by infectious diseases that have been designated as bioterrorist agents by the united states centers for diseases control and prevention: the former by anthrax, and the latter by smallpox. it is thus important for c ...	2004	15577753
spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsioses in humans, south korea.	the presence of the nucleic acid of the spotted fever group (spg) and typhus group (tg) rickettsiae was investigated in 200 serum specimens seropositive for sfg rickettsiae by multiplex-nested polymerase chain reaction with primers derived from the rickettsial outer membrane protein b gene. the dna of sfg, tg, or both rickettsiae was amplified in the 24 serum specimens, and sequence analysis showed rickettsia conorii, r. japonica, and r. felis in the specimens. r. conorii and r. typhi were found ...	2005	15752441
transcription of the rickettsia felis ompa gene in naturally infected fleas.	rickettsia felis is maintained transovarially in ctenocephalides felis fleas in a widespread geographic distribution and is transmitted to humans and animals, including opossums. this rickettsia is phylogenetically a member of the spotted fever group, most closely related to rickettsia akari and r. australis. an unusual feature of this rickettsia is that the gene for the outer membrane protein a (ompa) is interrupted by stop codons. to determine if this putatively dying gene is expressed, mrna w ...	2005	16222005
a highly sensitive and specific real-time pcr assay for the detection of spotted fever and typhus group rickettsiae.	a highly specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to detect spotted fever and typhus group rickettsiae using the citrate synthase gene as the target. the assay amplified rickettsial members of the spotted fever and typhus group including rickettsia akari, r. australis, r. conorii, r. honei, "r. marmionii," r. sibirica, r. rickettsii, r. typhi, and r. prowazekii. the ancestral group rickettsia, r. bellii, did not produce a positive reaction, nor did other members of ...	2005	16354816
rickettsial infections around the world, part 2: rickettsialpox, the typhus group, and bioterrorism.		2005	16392013
detection of rickettsial dna in ixodid ticks recovered from dogs and cats in japan.	dna from ticks recovered from 1137 dogs and 133 cats from all over japan were examined for rickettsia infection by citrate synthase gene (glta)-based pcr and partial nucleotide sequencing. a total of 91 dog tick samples and 18 cat tick samples showed a single band of the appropriate size in the nested pcr. sequence analysis was successfully performed on 102 samples. dna of rickettsia japonica or closely related rickettsia spp. strains were detected from 38 ticks in 16 prefectures mainly in weste ...	2005	16397379
[rickettsialpox: report of two cases imported from south africa].	rickettsialpox is a rickettsiosis characterized clinically by an escar, fever and papulovescicular eruption. the author reports two cases imported from south africa.	2005	16498729
effect of interferon and interferon inducers on infections with a nonviral intracellular microorganism, rickettsia akari.	the effect of mouse interferon (if) on the multiplication of rickettsia akari in homologous (l-929) cell cultures and the effect of if inducers on r. akari infection in mice were investigated. there was a reduction in the proportion of cells containing rickettsiae in if-treated cultures and in the yield of rickettsiae from these cultures, as compared with those from infected cultures without if. trypsin treatment and heating for 1 hr at 65 c destroyed this antirickettsial activity of the if prep ...	1971	16558061
rickettsial agents from parasitic dermanyssoidea (acari: mesostigmata).	mites are often overlooked as vectors of pathogens, but have been shown to harbor and transmit rickettsial agents such as rickettsia akari and orientia tsutsugamushi. we screened dna extracts from 27 mites representing 25 species of dermanyssoids for rickettsial agents such as anaplasma, bartonella, rickettsia, and wolbachia by pcr amplification and sequencing. dna from anaplasma spp., a novel bartonella sp., spiroplasma sp., wolbachia sp., and an unclassified rickettsiales were detected in mite ...	2006	16596351
isolation of rickettsia akari from eschars of patients with rickettsialpox.	rickettsialpox is a cosmopolitan, mite-borne, spotted fever rickettsiosis caused by rickettsia akari. the disease is characterized by a primary eschar, fever, and a papulovesicular rash. rickettsialpox was first identified in new york city in 1946 and the preponderance of recognized cases in the united states continues to originate from this large metropolitan center. the most recently isolated u.s. strain of r. akari was obtained more than a half century ago. we describe the culture and initial ...	2006	17038703
current knowledge of rickettsial diseases in italy.	rickettsial diseases continue to be the cause of serious health problems in italy. from 1998 to 2002, 4,604 clinical cases were reported, with 33 deaths in the period from 1998 to 2001. almost all the cases reported in italy are cases of mediterranean spotted fever (msf). other rickettsioses that have been historically documented are murine typhus and epidemic typhus. since 1950, only sporadic cases of murine typhus have been reported, and italy currently appears to be free of epidemic typhus. a ...	2006	17114696
arthropod-borne diseases in homeless.	homeless people are particularly exposed to ectoparasite. the living conditions and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. body lice have long been recognized as human parasites and although typically prevalent in rural communities in upland areas of countries close to the equator, it is now increasingly encountered in developed countries especially in homeless people or inner city economically deprived population. fleas are widespread but ...	2006	17114713
spotted fever rickettsioses in southern and eastern europe.	mediterranean spotted fever due to rickettsia conorii conorii was thought, for many years, to be the only tick-borne rickettsial disease prevalent in southern and eastern europe. however, in recent years, six more species or subspecies within the spotted fever group of the genus rickettsia have been described as emerging pathogens in this part of the world. tick-borne agents include rickettsia conorii israelensis, rickettsia conorii caspia, rickettsia aeschlimannii, rickettsia slovaca, rickettsi ...	2007	17266709
rickettsialpox-a newly recognized rickettsial disease : iii. epidemiology.		1947	18016565
new locality records for allodermanyssys sanguineus vector of rickettsialpox.		1949	18133342
clinical aspects of rickettsialpox, q. fever and rocky mountain spotted fever.		1949	18142749
rickettsialpox; a clinical review with differential diagnostic notes.		1949	18148043
hepatitis in association with rickettsialpox.	rickettsialpox is an acute, self-limited, febrile illness caused by rickettsia akari and transmitted by liponyssoides sanguineus, a mite that infests the common house mouse, mus musculus. liver involvement in rickettsialpox has received little attention, although hepatitis has been reported in several other rickettsial infections. in this report, we describe two patients with rickettsialpox who had acute hepatitis that resolved completely. in the appropriate clinical setting, rickettsialpox shou ...	2008	18171106
serologic evidence of a rickettsia akari-like infection among wild-caught rodents in orange county and humans in los angeles county, california.	we detected antibodies reactive with rickettsia akari, the etiologic agent of rickettsialpox in humans and in 83 of 359 (23%) rodents belonging to several species, collected in orange county, ca. reciprocal antibody titers >1:16 to r. akari were detected in native mice and rats (peromyscus maniculatus, p. eremicus, and neotoma fuscipes) and in old world mice and rats (mus musculus, rattus rattus, and r. norvegicus), representing the first time that antibodies reactive with this agent have been d ...	2007	18260508
[contribution of all-ussr (russian) center of rickettsioses and collaboration centre of who to the study of rickettsioses of tick-borne spotted fever group].	the manuscript presents the results of studies of rickettsioses of spotted fever group in the territories of ussr (russia) and chssr (slovakia). authors review data about isolation of strains of rickettsiae of spotted fever group, improvement of isolation techniques, diagnostics and diagnostic preparations.	2008	18756783
rickettsialpox in new york city.		1948	18860406
rickettsialpox due to allodermanyssus sanguineus.		1948	18886303
rickettsialpox.		1948	18888811