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observation and theory in psychoanalysis: the self psychology of heinz kohut.the development of self psychology by heinz kohut illustrates the influence of observational method on theory formation in psychoanalysis. in 1959 kohut began to emphasize empathy and introspection over the traditional combination of free association and evenly suspended attention. this became an important part of a process of revision in psychoanalytic theory which culminated in self psychology. this paper demonstrates how and why that particular change in observational method influenced that p ...20071924603
[meningitis revealing rickettsia typhi infection].neurological manifestations are rarely observed in murine typhus. we present a case of meningitis caused by rickettsia typhi.200717166631
a survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by norway rats in baltimore, maryland, usa.norway rats (rattus norvegicus) carry several zoonotic pathogens and because rats and humans live in close proximity in urban environments, there exists potential for transmission. to identify zoonotic agents carried by rats in baltimore, maryland, usa, we live-trapped 201 rats during 2005-2006 and screened them for a panel of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. antibodies against seoul virus (57.7%), hepatitis e virus (hev, 73.5%), leptospira interrogans (65.3%), bartonella elizabethae (34.1%), a ...200717224086
regulation of alcohol consumption by the renin-angiotensin system: a review of recent findings and a possible mechanism of action.the renin-angiotensin system has traditionally been associated with the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. in this review we summarize the data which ascribes a completely new function to this system, i.e., the regulation of alcohol consumption. in addition, we suggest a possible mechanism for this effect based on the concept of a satiety or stop process. the approach taken was to examine the effect on alcohol intake of a wide variety of drug, genetic, dietary, surgical and neurosurgic ...20071852316
three rickettsioses, darnley island, australia.we report 3 rickettsioses on darnley island, australia, in the torres strait. in addition to previously described cases of flinders island spotted fever (rickettsia honei strain "marmionii"), we describe 1 case of queensland tick typhus (r. australis) and 2 cases of scrub typhus caused by a unique strain (orientia tsutsugamushi).200718214193
development of quantitative real-time pcr assays to detect rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis, the causative agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever.rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis are the etiologic agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever, respectively. we have constructed two quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays to detect these pathogenic rickettsiae. the qpcr assays were developed utilizing unique sequences of the r. typhi and r. felis outer membrane protein b genes (ompb) to design the specific primers and molecular beacon probes. the assays were found to be species-specific and did not yield f ...200716893625
[fever of intermediate duration after return from the canary islands].a 35 year old patient presented to the emergency room with high fever, headache and a maculopapular rash after returning from the canary islands. elevated levels of ldh and transaminases and thrombopenia developed during the further hospital course. this presentation is common for an infection with rickettsia typhi. therapy with doxycycline is usually effective and should be instituted promptly. the patient's fever remitted 48 h after the first dose. fever of intermediate duration has been descr ...200717308911
serological and blood culture investigations of nepalese fever patients.serological testing of paired (i.e. admission and convalescent) sera from 103 fever patients in kathmandu, nepal, was performed to estimate the prevalence rates of scrub typhus, murine typhus, leptospira and dengue virus antibodies and to determine their role in the cause of active infections. blood cultures from 15 patients grew salmonella enterica serovar typhi, 8 grew s. paratyphi a and 6 grew other bacteria. diagnostic antibody levels were detected against murine typhus (27/103; 26%), scrub ...200717433390
murine typhus in children, south texas.children from south texas were evaluated for immunoglobulin g to rickettsia typhi, the causative agent of murine typhus. of 513 children, 8.6% of those 1-5 years of age, 13.3% of those 6-11 years of age, and 13.8% of those 12-17 years of age had positive results.200717553239
murine typhus in cyprus: 21 paediatric cases.the aim of this article is to present the manifestations of rickettsia typhi infection in childhood. twenty-one children under 15 years of age were hospitalised in the department of paediatrics of the archbishop makarios hospital in nicosia, cyprus, from 2000 to 2006 with rickettsia typhi infection. ten of them were boys and 11 were girls. the median age was eight years (range four to 13 years). the most common clinical features were fever (100%) and rash (57%). lymphadenopathy, usually cervical ...200717554571
comparative analysis of host-cell signalling mechanisms activated in response to infection with rickettsia conorii and rickettsia typhi.the gram-negative intracellular bacteria rickettsia conorii and rickettsia typhi are the aetiological agents of mediterranean spotted fever and endemic typhus, respectively, in humans. infection of endothelial cells (ecs) lining vessel walls, and the resultant vascular inflammation and haemostatic alterations are salient pathogenetic features of both of these rickettsial diseases. an important consideration, however, is that dramatic differences in the intracellular motility and accumulation pat ...200717577053
murine typhus in pregnancy: a case report from cyprus.r. typhi is one of the rickettsial species endemic in the mediterranean countries and is associated with the zoonotic infection of murine typhus, which may have a complicated course especially in adult patients. murine typhus in pregnancy has rarely been reported in the medical literature. we describe a case of murine typhus in a pregnant woman who was effectively treated with erythromycin.200717577832
concurrent infections in acute febrile illness patients in egypt.we report the occurrence of concurrent infections with multiple acute febrile illness (afi) pathogens during an ongoing prospective laboratory-based surveillance in four infectious disease hospitals in urban and rural areas of egypt from june 2005 to august 2006. patients were screened for leptospira, rickettsia typhi, brucella, or salmonella enterica serogroup typhi by various methods including serology, culture, and pcr. one hundred eighty-seven of 1,510 patients (12.4%) evaluated had supporti ...200717690420
seroepidemiological survey of rodents collected at a u.s. military installation, yongsan garrison, seoul, republic of korea.a seroepidemiological study of selected rodent-borne diseases (hantavirus [seoul [seo] virus], scrub typhus [orientia tsutsugamushi], murine typhus [rickettsia typhi], and leptospirosis [leptospira interrogans]), as part of the u.s. military rodent surveillance and control program, was conducted from 2001 through 2005 at yongsan garrison, seoul, republic of korea. rodents were collected to determine the prevalence of rodent-borne diseases at a u.s. military installation in an urban environment. ...200717691691
the lspa gene, encoding the type ii signal peptidase of rickettsia typhi: transcriptional and functional analysis.lipoprotein processing by the type ii signal peptidase (spase ii) is known to be critical for intracellular growth and virulence for many bacteria, but its role in rickettsiae is unknown. here, we describe the analysis of lspa, encoding a putative spase ii, an essential component of lipoprotein processing in gram-negative bacteria, from rickettsia typhi. alignment of deduced amino acid sequences shows the presence of highly conserved residues and domains that are essential for spase ii activity ...200717098907
sensorineural hearing loss complicating severe rickettsial diseases: report of two cases.sub-acute focal neurological manifestations are reported rarely in systemic rickettsial diseases and are considered to be secondary to immune-mediated mechanisms. we present two cases of transient sensorineural hearing loss complicating the course of severe rickettsial diseases caused by rickettsia typhi and rickettsia conorii, respectively. the diagnosis was based on the presence of high igm antibodies and the prompt response to doxycycline treatment. in both cases, hearing loss presented durin ...200818023483
real-time multiplex pcr assay for detection and differentiation of rickettsiae and orientiae.the high incidence of rickettsial diseases in southeast asia necessitates rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for a broad range of rickettsial agents, including orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus) and rickettsia typhi (murine typhus), but also spotted fever group infections, which are increasingly reported. we present an sybr-green-based, real-time multiplex pcr assay for rapid identification and differentiation of scrub typhus group, typhus group and spotted fever group rickettsiae using 47kd ...200818093627
prevalence of antibodies to rickettsiae in different regions of serbia.we assayed the presence of antibodies specific for rickettsia typhi, r. akari, and r. conorii in sera of persons from several localities in serbia with different geographic, climatic, and lifestyle characteristics. sera from 140 patients with unclear clinical symptoms and 273 healthy persons were tested for the presence of rickettsiae-specific antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay. in this study, for the first time we detected the presence of rickettsiae from the spotted fever group in ...200818240971
murine typhus in caldas, colombia.in the north of caldas, colombia, febrile syndromes with positive weil-felix reactions have been reported as murine typhus to the national health authorities. we used indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) of serial paired samples to confirm the diagnosis of murine typhus in 14 of 120 patients with a compatible febrile syndrome.200818256438
murine typhus: an unrecognized suburban vectorborne disease.murine typhus, an acute febrile illness caused by rickettsia typhi, is distributed worldwide. mainly transmitted by the fleas of rodents, it is associated with cities and ports where urban rats (rattus rattus and rattus norvegicus) are abundant. in the united states, cases are concentrated in suburban areas of texas and california. contrary to the classic rat-flea-rat cycle, the most important reservoirs of infection in these areas are opossums and cats. the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, has ...200818260783
serological reactivity and biochemical characterization of methylated and unmethylated forms of a recombinant protein fragment derived from outer membrane protein b of rickettsia typhi.rickettsia typhi, an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes murine typhus, possesses a heavily methylated outer membrane protein b (ompb) antigen. this immunodominant antigen is responsible for serological reactions and is capable of eliciting protective immune responses with a guinea pig model. western blot analysis of partially digested ompb with patient sera revealed that most of the reactive fragments are larger than 20 kda. one of these fragments, which is located at the n terminus (a ...200818287575
genome-wide screen for temperature-regulated genes of the obligate intracellular bacterium, rickettsia typhi.the ability of rickettsiae to survive in multiple eukaryotic host environments provides a good model for studying pathogen-host molecular interactions. rickettsia typhi, the etiologic agent of murine typhus, is a strictly intracellular gram negative alpha-proteobacterium, which is transmitted to humans by its arthropod vector, the oriental rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis. thus, r. typhi must cycle between mammalian and flea hosts, two drastically different environments. we hypothesize that temperat ...200818412961
rickettsial seroepidemiology among farm workers, tianjin, people's republic of china.high seroprevalence rates for anaplasma phagocytophilum (8.8%), coxiella burnetii (6.4%), bartonella henselae (9.6%), and rickettsia typhi (4.1%) in 365 farm workers near tianjin, people's republic of china, suggest that human infections with these zoonotic bacteria are frequent and largely unrecognized. demographic features of seropositive persons suggest distinct epidemiology, ecology, and risks.200818507907
a case of murine typhus associated with large vessel infarct of the spleen.we present a case of rickettsia typhi infection (the causative agent of endemic typhus) associated with an isolated splenic infarction. large vessel infarction is a rare complication of murine typhus, unlike infections caused by rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsia conorii (the spotted fever group rickettsias) which are known to cause hemostatic changes that lead to coagulopathies and thrombotic events. this case adds to the scarce data in the literature on the association between large vessels ...200818552585
detection of spotted fever and typhus group rickettsial infection in wild raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) in chonbuk province, korea.both the spotted fever and the typhus group rickettsioses are potential emerging arthropod-borne infectious disease complexes in korea. wild raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) sheltered at the korean society for the protection of wild animals, chonbuk branch, korea, were sampled for the presence of spotted fever and typhus group rickettsial pathogens. thirty-six serum samples of wild raccoon dogs were examined by an indirect fluorescent antibody test using type-specific yh strain ...200818634203
characterization of sec-translocon-dependent extracytoplasmic proteins of rickettsia typhi.as obligate intracellular, vector-borne bacteria, rickettsiae must adapt to both mammalian and arthropod host cell environments. deciphering the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between rickettsiae and their host cells has largely been hindered by the genetic intractability of these organisms; however, research in other gram-negative pathogens has demonstrated that many bacterial determinants of attachment, entry, and pathogenesis are extracytoplasmic proteins. the annotations of several ...200818641131
serological evidence of typhus group rickettsia in a homeless population in houston, texas.we tested sera from 176 homeless people in houston for antibodies against typhus group rickettsiae (tgr). sera from 19 homeless people were reactive to tgr antigens by elisa and ifa. two people had antibodies against rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus) and the remaining 17 had antibodies against rickettsia typhi (murine typhus).200818697325
rickettsia typhi and r. felis in rat fleas (xenopsylla cheopis), oahu, hawaii.rickettsia typhi (prevalence 1.9%) and r. felis (prevalence 24.8%) dna were detected in rat fleas (xenopsylla cheopis) collected from mice on oahu island, hawaii. the low prevalence of r. typhi on oahu suggests that r. felis may be a more common cause of rickettsiosis than r. typhi in hawaii.200818826827
murine typhus and febrile illness, nepal.murine typhus was diagnosed by pcr in 50 (7%) of 756 adults with febrile illness seeking treatment at patan hospital in kathmandu, nepal. of patients with murine typhus, 64% were women, 86% were residents of kathmandu, and 90% were unwell during the winter. no characteristics clearly distinguished typhus patients from those with blood culture-positive enteric fever.200818826840
[investigation on the epidemiology of far-east tick-borne spotted fever in the northeastern area of china].to study the infection rate, epidemiological features of far-east tick-borne spotted fever in the northeastern area of china and to provide evidence for prevention and control.200819173957
[detection of co-infection with lyme spirochetes and spotted fever group rickettsiae in a group of haemaphysalis longicornis].the present study was conducted to investigate the infection of lyme disease, spotted fever, ehrlichiosis (anaplasmosisin) in wild animals and ticks in the mountain areas of zhejiang province.200819173967
[clinical study of osteoporosis]. 20082614196
the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipids, haemostasis, neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (cad). there is some evidence that polyunsaturated fatty acids of the marine n-3 type (n-3 pufa's) may offer protection against cad. we have studied the effect of short-term dietary supplementation with n-3 pufas on lipids, haemostasis, neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in 10 patients with iddm. the patients were given 4 g daily of n-3 pufas (fish oil) for 6 weeks and were investigated bef ...20082706043
infection prevention by selective decontamination in intensive care. 20082600283
[the place of osteosynthesis using compression-distraction equipment in treating diaphyseal fractures of long tubular bones]. 20083714232
[measurement of orthodontic appliance force using prototype sensors].in introductory remarks the most important biomechanical principles, which are relevant for the research, and conditions which must be satisfied presented in intraoral measuring of orthodontic forces were pointed out. first the aim of the research was defined, and then the investigation of mechanical properties of acrylics as a material for orthodontic appliances were carried out. the type of strain gauges, bonds and measuring system configurations, as well as measuring amplifiers and recording ...20082635572
hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of amlodipine, a new long-acting calcium antagonist: preliminary observations. 20082530867
hypoglycemia, hormones and cytokines in fatal meningococcal septicemia.a unique case report with sequential measurements of the plasma concentrations of glucoregulatory hormones, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor during development of hypoglycemia in fatal meningococcemia is presented. hormonal explanations for hypoglycemia like hyperinsulinemia or defective hypoglycemic counter-regulation were excluded. plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor were skyhigh. the putative relation between cytokines and hypoglycemia in sepsis is discusse ...20082292658
[ki-1 large cell lymphoma with secondary xanthomatous infiltration of the lesions by chemotherapy]. 20082575882
psychoneurophysiological implications in the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis. 20082609893
acceptance of placebo-control trial design by progressive multiple sclerosis patients. the canadian cooperative multiple sclerosis study group. 20082648191
the emergence of a health insurance system in a developing country: the case of south korea.in an attempt to understand the social forces and the economic and political conditions under which new social policies emerge in developing countries, this study outlines factors affecting the introduction of the health insurance system in south korea. the emergence of the south korean health insurance system was influenced by changing labor needs of the industrial sector, increasing social expectations, external and international pressures, increasing medical costs, and class conflict. these p ...20082600387
[physiology of the continence organ before and following pouch-anal anastomosis]. 20082474969
cachectin/tumour necrosis factor-alpha in the circulation of patients with rheumatic disease.by means of a sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay, cachectin/tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf) was measured in sera from 51 patients with rheumatic disease. elevated levels of circulating cachectin/tnf were observed in 46% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra; p less than 0.001 versus blood donors) and in 29% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle; p less than 0.05 versus blood donors). marked elevation of cachectin/tnf occurred in both ra and sle patients in connection ...20082634628
separation-individuation, aggression and alexithymia in psoriasis.a psychosomatic study of psoriasis was conducted in order to: 1) assess the level of extra- and intra-aggression (cf. the conflicting results in matussek et al. (1) and lyketsos et al. (2)); 2) point out the presence of alexithymia, i.e. impoverished fantasy life and inability to describe the emotions (cf. some negative results in fava et al. (3)); and 3) explore the interactional variables, connected with the pathology of the separation-individuation process.20082609894
a reappraisal of the terverticillate penicillia using biochemical, physiological and morphological features. i. numerical taxonomy.three-hundred-and-forty-eight strains representing the major species of terverticillate penicillia, and including representatives of other closely and distantly related species, were included in a numerical taxonomic study. one-hundred characters were derived from morphological features, physiological and biochemical activities and sem micrographs. strains were compared by both gower's coefficient and pattern difference, and clustered using the average linkage algorithm. thirty-seven species or ...20082614375
do nurses consistently document incontinence?1. urinary incontinence is inconsistently documented on medical records of nursing home residents. 2. documentation of urinary incontinence by professional nurses may be improved by changes in organizational factors such as staffing, policy implementation, and staff education. 3. forms that employ cue words for eliminative status show more documentation of continence status than forms that have an open format. 4. evaluation of changes in nursing practice in the nursing home setting can benefit f ...20082600365
triazolam. 20082570932
[papers presented at the 17th conference of the commission on cardiology of the purkinje physiology society. krpácov, 26-28 october 1988]. 20082630046
surgical treatment of the iliotibial band friction syndrome.a selected group of 23 patients underwent surgery for iliotibial band friction syndrome. among the patients presenting with this exertional pain syndrome were runners, football players, and cyclists. diagnosis was clinical since radiographs were negative and an ultrasound examination was positive in only one case, showing an aberrant picture around the lateral femoral epicondyle. although conservative treatment is effective in most cases, an alternative is needed for patients with complaints tha ...20082610280
diverticular disease of the appendix.a retrospective study of diverticular disease of the appendix was made in 3,343 consecutive instances of appendectomies. a 2 per cent incidence of diverticular disease was found. these instances were classified into four morphologic types: 1, acute diverticulitis; 2, acute appendicitis with acute diverticulitis; 3, acute appendicitis with diverticulum, and 4, appendix with diverticulum. types 1, 2 and 3 were divided into subgroups with or without perforation. the elements of clinical behavior in ...20092909128
[use of a nonionic contrast medium (omnipaque 350) in hysterosalpingography. a comparison with ionic contrast media].the comparative adequacy was investigated of a nonionic contrast medium (iohexol) versus the ionic contrast medium usually employed in hysterosalpingography. the contrast radiologic features and the radiodiagnostic possibilities of both cm are definitely good. the nonionic contrast medium diffuses quickly and causes the uterine cavity to expand less than ionic contrast media do, thus allowing a better depiction of mucosal and/or parietal pathology. moreover, nonionic cm allows tubal patency and ...20092727342
[ct study of the cervical spine with intravenous administration of the contrast medium].computed tomography (ct) without contrast medium is largely applied to the study of intervertebral disk pathology in the lumbar spine, but has not been widely accepted in the cervical spine, due to technical and anatomical limitations. for these reasons many neuroradiologists still prefer myelography or myelo-ct. ct may yield better results if combined with iv contrast medium injection, which allows a better visualization of disk herniation. this technique is aimed at enhancing the density of th ...20092727336
history of medicine in alaska. harriet crocker jackson schirmer, m.d. 20092662801
the use of a pharmacological indicator to investigate compliance in patients with a poor response to antirheumatic therapy.twenty-six patients with rheumatoid arthritis which was poorly controlled despite high dose d-penicillamine were studied. compliance was assessed by standard methods (return tablet count and interview). in addition low-dose phenobarbitone was included in the penicillamine formulation as a pharmacological indicator of compliance. using these techniques incomplete compliance was apparent in 11 patients (42%). all such patients were identified by the pharmacological marker. only one admitted poor c ...20093179627
the use of a pharmacological indicator to investigate compliance in patients with a poor response to antirheumatic therapy.twenty-six patients with rheumatoid arthritis which was poorly controlled despite high dose d-penicillamine were studied. compliance was assessed by standard methods (return tablet count and interview). in addition low-dose phenobarbitone was included in the penicillamine formulation as a pharmacological indicator of compliance. using these techniques incomplete compliance was apparent in 11 patients (42%). all such patients were identified by the pharmacological marker. only one admitted poor c ...20093179627
cyclosporin a inhibits activation-induced cell death in t-cell hybridomas and thymocytes.one mechanism by which the immune system develops the ability to discriminate self from nonself is the deletion of autoreactive t-cell clones during thymic maturation. the drug cyclosporin a (csa) has been shown to interfere with this process, allowing the escape of normally 'forbidden' t-cell clones and the appearance of autoimmune disease. recently, it has been demonstrated that immature thymocytes undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) upon activation via the t-cell receptor. a similar phe ...20092786609
consumer use of nondispensing professional pharmacy services.this study attempted to identify and develop an understanding of the use of 13 nondispensing services (ndss) by consumers in the community pharmacy practice setting. a self-administered, postage prepaid questionnaire was sent to 1000 indiana consumers randomly selected from telephone directories. a 45.5 percent response rate was achieved after one original mailing and two follow-ups. most consumers had not used ndss except for advice on nonprescription drugs and advice on minor health problems. ...20092718499
[treatment of cancer of the bladder]. 20092653234
failla memorial lecture. the search for critical cellular targets damaged by heat. 20092694212
intravascular synovial sarcoma.a biphasic synovial sarcoma occurring in the wall of a pathologically thickened femoral vein was diagnosed in a 34-year-old woman. this sarcoma was resected together with removal of a thrombus. a local recurrence was seen 5 years later, but the patient is alive and well 11 years after the first operation. immunohistochemical evaluation revealed cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen in a portion of the tumor cells, as are typically seen in synovial sarcoma. this case shows that so-called sy ...20092820861
elevation of factor vii activity and mass in young adults at risk of ischemic heart disease.the northwick park heart study found that elevation of factor vii in middle-aged subjects was an independent risk factor for subsequent ischemic heart disease. the present study was designed to determine whether factor vii elevation is present at a younger age and whether zymogen or activated factor vii is responsible for this elevation. a group of 20 asymptomatic first degree relatives (mean age 34.9 years) of patients with premature ischemic heart disease were compared with 15 age-matched norm ...20092794283
[left ventricular pressure-volume diagram determined by forward and backward formatting of radionuclide ventriculography and analog pressure data].pressure-volume (pv) loop is of great value for the assessment of left ventricular (lv) function, but its clinical application has been limited by methodological complexity. a new system was developed to make accurate loop with simplified procedure, and was applied to clinical and interventional study. the system constitutes of a mobile gamma camera, a poly-amplifier and a data processor (gms-550u, toshiba medical) installed in cardiac catheterization labo for simultaneous raw data handling and ...20092786583
snoring and cerebral infarction.the association of snoring with cerebral infarction was tested in a case-control study of 50 male patients with cerebral infarction and 100 male patients with other disorders. cerebral infarction was significantly associated with habitual (almost always or always) snoring; the risk ratio of cerebral infarction between those who did and did not snore habitually was 10.3 (95% confidence limits 3.5-30.1). the corresponding risk ratio was 2.8 (95% cl 1.3-5.8) for snoring often, almost always, or alw ...20092866387
how accurate are faculty evaluations of clinical competence?to determine the degree and sources of variability faculty evaluations of residents for the american board of internal medicine (abim) clinical evaluation exercise (cex).20092723833
diarrhoeal diseases: perceptions and practices in nepal.a study undertaken in nepal collected information on believed causes of diarrhoea and traditional treatments. natural causes for diarrhoea were more frequently reported than supernatural causes, the most important being teething (75% of respondents reporting it to be a cause) followed by food considered to be 'cold' in the hindu ayurvedic classification (57.5%), stale food (52.5%), hot food (41%) and dirty water (38%). the terminology reported for dehydration however, indicates strong links with ...20092928835
[single photon emission computed tomography by using n-isopropyl-p-[123i]-iodoamphetamine and 99mtc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime in a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis].single photon emission computed tomographies (spects) by using n-isopropyl-p-[123i-imp]-iodo-amphetamine (123i-imp) and 99mtc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (99mtc-hm-pao) were serially performed in a 70 yrs. old male with herpes simplex encephalitis (hse), and the chronological changes of accumulations were studied. accumulations of both 123i-imp and 99mtc-hm-pao increased initially, and then decreased with the stage of hse being advanced. the sequential appearance of the lesion in hse with 12 ...20092786584
sce induction by ccnu and pregnancy. 20092704378
serologic study of rickettsia typhi infection among the human population of southern spain. 200919374644
detection of rickettsia felis and rickettsia typhi in an area of california endemic for murine typhus. 200919374645
murine typhus in children: clinical and laboratory features from 41 cases in crete, greece. 200919374652
seroprevalence of rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis in dogs from north-eastern spain. 200919392898
comparison of indirect immunofluorescence assays for diagnosis of scrub typhus and murine typhus using venous blood and finger prick filter paper blood spots.we performed indirect immunofluorescence assays (ifas) to compare levels of igm and igg antibodies to orientia tsutsugamushi and rickettsia typhi in admission-phase serum samples and filter paper blood spots (assayed immediately and stored at 5.4 degrees c and 29 degrees c for 30 days) collected on the same day from 53 adults with suspected scrub typhus and murine typhus admitted to mahosot hospital vientiane, lao people's democratic republic. the sensitivities and specificities of admission-pha ...200919407134
ocular manifestations associated with murine typhus.to characterise and analyse ocular manifestations associated with acute murine typhus (mt), an infectious disease caused by rickettsia typhi.200919414440
murine typhus in child, yucatan, mexico.a case of murine typhus in yucatan was diagnosed in a child with nonspecific signs and symptoms. the finding of rickettsia typhi increases the number of rickettsia species identified in yucatan and shows that studies are needed to determine the prevalence and incidence of rickettsioses in mexico.200919523307
murine typhus and leptospirosis as causes of acute undifferentiated fever, indonesia.to investigate rickettsioses and leptospirosis among urban residents of semarang, indonesia, we tested the blood of 137 patients with fever. evidence of rickettsia typhi, the agent of murine typhus, was found in 9 patients. another 9 patients showed inconclusive serologic results. thirteen patients received a diagnosis of leptospirosis. no dual infections were detected.200919523308
prediction of rickettsial skin eschars in humans using an experimental guinea pig model.until now, when a new rickettsia species was isolated in a tick, it was not possible to predict whether it was a human pathogen or if it would cause a skin eschar at the infection site. guinea pigs are injected intradermally with 25 different rickettsia species or subspecies: 16 induced an eschar, 5 induced inflammatory lesions and 4 have no effect. we observed that the occurrence of skin eschars in this model was significantly correlated (p <0.05) with observations of skin eschars in humans (14 ...200919527779
ecology of rickettsia in south america.until the year 2000, only three rickettsia species were known in south america: (i) rickettsia rickettsii, transmitted by the ticks amblyomma cajennense, and amblyomma aureolatum, reported in colombia, argentina, and brazil, where it is the etiological agent of rocky mountain spotted fever; (ii) rickettsia prowazekii, transmitted by body lice and causing epidemic typhus in highland areas, mainly in peru; (iii) rickettsia typhi, transmitted by fleas and causing endemic typhus in many countries. d ...200919538276
molecular detection of rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis in fleas from algeria. 200919548988
[experimental study of the inoculative transmission of rickettsia typhi by gamasid mites (gamasidae) ornithonyssus bacoti].the authors' studies have established that the concentration of rickettsia typhi may increase about 100-fold in the infected ornithonyssus bacoti mites. at the time, when on feeding 20 to 200 adult mites on guinea-pigs and albino rats 4 to 36 days after inoculation, they did not transmit rickettsia typhi on blood sucking.200919566066
a teenager with prolonged fever. 200919633527
outbreak of rickettsia typhi infection - austin, texas, 2008.murine typhus is a fleaborne rickettsial disease caused by the organism rickettsia typhi. symptoms include fever, headache, chills, vomiting, nausea, myalgia, and rash. although murine typhus is endemic in southern texas, only two cases had been reported during the past 10 years from austin, located in central texas. on august 8, 2008, the austin/travis county department of health and human services (atcdhhs) contacted the texas department of state health services (tdshs) concerning a cluster of ...200919940832
epidemiological study of rickettsial infections in patients with hypertransaminemia in madrid (spain).a retrospective analysis was performed to detect anti-rickettsial antibodies in the serum of patients with hypertransaminemia of unknown etiology, and in that of healthy members of the general population of madrid (spain). among 143 patients 16 (11.2%) were positive for anti-r. conorii igg antibodies and 7% for r. typhi. pcr analysis was performed in patients with igm antibodies. among 143 healthy subjects from the general population, seven (4.9%) were positive for anti-r. conorii igg antibodies ...200920054452
fibrin ring granulomas in rickettsia typhi infection.we describe a 71-year-old man hospitalized for fever and productive cough. laboratory investigation showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminases, hyponatremia, and hypoalbuminemia. computerized tomography of the abdomen, thorax, and sinuses, echocardiography, and a gallium scan did not reveal the source of the fever. the patient remained febrile despite courses of piperacillin-tazobactam/azithromycin and ceftriaxone/vancomycin. a bone marrow biopsy showed fibrin ring granulomas, and 2 ...201020071129
detection of rickettsia typhi and seasonal prevalence of fleas collected from small mammals in the republic of korea.fleas were collected from live-captured small mammals to identify potential flea-borne pathogens, seasonal prevalence of flea species, and host preference as part of the us military rodent-borne diseases surveillance program conducted at one us military installation and 10 military training sites, northern gyeonggi province, republic of korea. during 2003-04, 948 fleas (563 females and 385 males) were recovered from 2,742 small mammals (seven rodent and one insectivore species). apodemus agrariu ...201020090029
the changing etiology of fever of intermediate duration.fever of intermediate duration (fid) is a common condition. currently, its most frequent causes are not well defined.201020153558
murine typhus in pregnancy.murine typhus is widely reported in tropical and subtropical areas, especially coastal and port cities. we describe an interesting case of murine typhus in a 26-year-old woman at 26 weeks of gestation treated with ampicillin with a good response. the serology testing for murine typhus was reported after ampicillin was empirically started, and the patient's symptoms were already resolving. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of murine typhus during pregnancy reported in th ...201020186042
review of microarray studies for host-intracellular pathogen interactions.obligate intracellular bacteria are privileged soldiers on the battlefield that represent host-pathogen interactions. microarrays are a powerful technology that can increase our knowledge about how bacteria respond to and interact with their hosts. this review summarizes the limitations inherent to host-pathogen interaction studies and essential strategies to improve microarray investigations of intracellular bacteria. we have compiled the comparative genomic and gene expression analyses of obli ...201020188126
murine typhus in austin, texas, usa, 2008.in august 2008, texas authorities and the centers for disease control and prevention investigated reports of increased numbers of febrile rash illnesses in austin to confirm the causative agent as rickettsia typhi, to assess the outbreak magnitude and illness severity, and to identify potential animal reservoirs and peridomestic factors that may have contributed to disease emergence. thirty-three human cases of confirmed murine typhus were identified. illness onset was reported from march to oct ...201020202415
functional characterization of a phospholipase a(2) homolog from rickettsia typhi.phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) has long been proposed to be involved in rickettsial entry into host cells, escape from the phagosome to evade destruction by lysosomal exposure, and lysis of the host cells. however, the corresponding rickettsial gene(s) encoding a protein with pla(2) activity has not been identified or functionally characterized. here, we report that the rickettsia typhi genome possesses two genes encoding patatin-like pla(2) proteins, rt0590 and rt0522. sequence analysis of rt0522 ...201020435729
murine typhus in a pregnant woman.murine typhus is a flea-borne disease caused by rickettsia typhi. although uncommon in most of the united states, it is endemic in southern california. most cases are unrecognized given its nonspecific viral symptoms and rare complications.201020664448
accuracy of rapid igm-based immunochromatographic and immunoblot assays for diagnosis of acute scrub typhus and murine typhus infections in laos.we studied the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid immunochromatographic test (ict) for detection of igm against scrub typhus (st ict) and an immunoblot test for the detection of igm against murine typhus (mt ibt) by using admission serum samples from 1,030 febrile patients in laos. sensitivity and specificity for the st ict determined by using the diagnostic criteria of a four-fold increase in igm against orientia tsutsugamushi between paired samples were 23.8% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 15.9-3 ...201020682883
rats as indicators of the presence and dispersal of six zoonotic microbial agents in cyprus, an island ecosystem: a seroepidemiological study.a total of 622 rats (402 rattus norvegicus and 220 r. rattus frugivorus) were collected in 51 different areas in cyprus during 2000-2003 and used as indicators of the presence and dispersal of six zoonotic microbial agents. igg antibodies against rickettsia typhi (241/496, 48.6%), r. conorii (209/500, 41.8%), toxoplasma sp. (138/494, 27.9%), coxiella burnetti (63/494, 12.8%), bartonella henselae (52/494, 10.5%) and leishmania infantum (36/494, 7.3%) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence t ...201020870259
first detection of human infection with rickettsia felis in israel. 201020881761
murine typhus as a cause of fever in travelers from tunisia and mediterranean areas.travelers are exposed to a variety of health risks in unfamiliar environments and fever is a common problem in patients returning from travel abroad. rickettsial diseases are increasingly frequently being reported among international travelers. here we present cases of rickettsia typhi infection, the agent of murine typhus, that were identified in our laboratory the last year, in travelers from tunisia.201020920051
murine typhus in two travelers returning from bali, indonesia: an underdiagnosed disease.two japanese travelers from bali were diagnosed with murine typhus in japan during the same period. although one had only mild illness, the other experienced liver and kidney dysfunction. murine typhus may be missed not only in endemic areas around the world, but also in travelers, especially those returning from marine resorts in these areas.201020920060
analysis of rickettsia typhi-infected and uninfected cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) midgut cdna libraries: deciphering molecular pathways involved in host response to r. typhi infection.murine typhus is a flea-borne febrile illness that is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium, rickettsia typhi. the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, acquires r. typhi by imbibing a bloodmeal from a rickettsemic vertebrate host. to explore which transcripts are expressed in the midgut in response to challenge with r. typhi, cdna libraries of r. typhi-infected and uninfected midguts of c. felis were constructed. in this study, we examined midgut transcript levels for select c. felis serine ...201020017753
rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis in xenopsylla cheopis and leptopsylla segnis parasitizing rats in cyprus.fleas collected from rats during a three-year period (2000-2003) in 51 areas of all provinces of cyprus were tested by molecular analysis to characterize the prevalence and identity of fleaborne rickettsiae. rickettsia typhi, the causative agent of murine typhus, was detected in xenopsylla cheopis (4%) and in leptopsylla segnis (6.6%). rickettsia felis was detected in x. cheopis (1%). this is the first report of r. typhi in x. cheopis and l. segnis from rats, in cyprus, and the first report of r ...201021118938
rickettsia typhi infection with interstitial pneumonia in a traveler treated with moxifloxacin.rickettsial diseases may play an important part in the differential diagnosis of fever in returned travelers. the initial empirical treatment needs to take rickettsia species into consideration to avoid the development of life-threatening courses. here, we present a case of interstitial pneumonia associated with rickettsia typhi infection treated with moxifloxacin.201021123528
urban focus of rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis in los angeles, california.abstract classic murine typhus, caused by rickettsia typhi, is endemic in the continental united states in areas of texas and southern california. we conducted an environmental investigation in an urban area of los angeles identified as the probable exposure site for a case of murine typhus. four rattus norvegicus heavily infested with xenopsylla cheopis (average 32.5 fleas per animal, range 20-42) were trapped, and fleas, blood, and tissues were collected. dnas from all specimens were tested fo ...201021142968
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