Publications

citrate synthase gene comparison, a new tool for phylogenetic analysis, and its application for the rickettsiae.	using pcr and an automated laser fluorescent dna sequencer, we amplified and sequenced a 1,234-bp fragment of the citrate synthase-encoding gene (glta) of 28 bacteria belonging to the genus rickettsia. comparative sequence analysis showed that most of the spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae belonged to one of two subgroups. the first subgroup included rickettsia massiliae, strain bar 29, rickettsia rhipicephali, "rickettsia aeschlimanni," and rickettsia montana, which have been isolated only f ...	1997	9103608
domestic cats as indicators of the presence of spotted fever and typhus group rickettsiae.	using indirect immunofluorescence assays, sera from cats in zimbabwe (n = 119) and south africa (n = 52) were found to contain antibodies reactive with rickettsia conorii (34% and 19% respectively) and r. typhi (7% and 10% respectively). these results indicate that cats may become infected with members of the spotted fever and typhus groups of rickettsiae and that cats can, therefore, be used as indicators of the presence of these organisms.	1997	9062789
the in-vitro anti-rickettsial activity of macrolides.	the anti-rickettsial activity of azithromycin and clarithromycin was studied in vero cells. the rate of rickettsial inhibition-growth caused by both macrolides was determined using rickettsial counts and elisa. both macrolides inhibited > 50% the growth of rickettsia conorii and rickettsia typhi at concentrations of 1.0 and 0.1 mg/l, respectively. the growth of coxiella burnetii was inhibited to a rate of > or = 50% at the concentrations of 0.01 and 1.0 mg/l of azithromycin and clarithromycin, r ...	1996	8937968
liver involvement in murine typhus.	liver involvement was retrospectively evaluated in 137 patients with murine typhus. fifteen (10.9%) were jaundiced. one patient had been subjected to cholecystectomy after misdiagnosis of acute cholecystitis. serum aminotransferase levels were abnormal in 48/52 measurements, and there were elevations of > 5-fold in 14 patients. liver biopsies and/or necropsies from four jaundiced patients showed portal tract and sinusoidal infiltrates, cloudy swelling/and necrosis of the hepatocytes and occasion ...	1996	8935483
expression and purification of the crystalline surface layer protein of rickettsia typhi.	the crystalline surface layer (s-layer) protein (slp) of rickettsia typhi is known as the protective antigen against murine typhus. we previously reported a cloning and sequence analysis of the slp gene of r. typhi (slpt) and showed that the open reading frame of this gene encodes both the slp and a 32-kda protein. to express only the slp from this gene, the putative signal sequence and the 32-kda protein portion were removed from the slpt. this protein was expressed in escherichia coli as a fus ...	1996	8934678
rickettsia felis: a new species of pathogenic rickettsia isolated from cat fleas.	a flea-borne rickettsia, previously referred to as elb, has been implicated as a cause of human illness. using sequence data obtained from a fragment of the citrate synthase gene, we compared elb, rickettsia australis, r. rickettsii, and r. akari with the louse-borne r. prowazekii. we tallied 24 base pair differences between elb and r. prowazekii and 25 between r. rickettsii and r. prowazekii; there were 30 base pair differences between r. australis and r. prowazekii and 29 between r. akari and ...	1996	8904435
prevalence of antibodies to rickettsiae in the north-western part of bosnia and herzegovina.	the prevalence of rickettsial antibodies in north-western part of bosnia and herzegovina was studied. among 231 sera tested by complement fixation (cf) positive were: 61.5% for rickettsia typhi, 4.3% for r. prowazekii, 1.7% for r. conorii and 19.0% for coxiella burnetii. of 183 sera tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) 37.7% reacted with r. typhi, 1.6% with r. conorii and 22.4% with c. burnetii. the results show that at least r. typhi and c. burnetii are highly endemic in this area.	1995	8861855
seroepidemiology of rickettsial infections in morocco.	the prevalence of antibodies reactive with rickettsia conorii, rickettsia typhi, coxiella burnetii and ehrlichia chaffeensis was investigated using indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) test on human sera obtained from 300 blood donors in casablanca and 126 sera obtained from clinical laboratories in fez. in sera from casablanca, antibodies reactive at titers > or = 1:32 were found against r. conorii (7%), and r. typhi (1.7%), but not against e. chaffeensis. in the sera from fez, antibodies were als ...	1995	8861849
parasites and selected diseases of collared peccaries (tayassu tajacu) in the trans-pecos region of texas.	fifty-five collared peccaries (tayassu tajacu) were collected from october 1988 through april 1991 from five counties within the trans-pecos region of texas (usa) to monitor for diseases and parasites. no endoparasites were recovered on gross examination. antibody to borrelia burgdorferi was documented in one (2%) of 55 specimens. three (6%) of 54 collared peccaries were positive for yersinia pestis antibodies. all collared peccaries were negative for antibodies against brucella spp., francisell ...	1996	8827690
murine typhus still exists in the united states.		1996	8816170
the biology of rickettsiae.	rickettsiae are bacterial obligate intracellular parasites ranging from harmless endosymbionts to the etiologic agents of some of the most devastating diseases known to mankind. rickettsiae are primarily associated with arthropod vectors in which they may exist commensally and, in most cases, only accidentally infect humans. these fascinating microbes are the prototypical obligate intracellular parasites. other than being extremely fastidious in their growth requirements, however, rickettsiae ar ...	1996	8805076
molecular phylogeny and in situ detection of the etiologic agent of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in shrimp.	necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (nhp) is a severe disease of farm-raised penaeus vannamei that has been associated with mortality losses ranging from 20 to 95%. nhp was first recognized in texas in 1985 (s. k. johnson, p. 16, in handbook of shrimp diseases, 1989) and is an economically important disease that has limited the ability to culture shrimp in texas. the putative cause of nhp is a gram-negative, pleomorphic, intracellular, rickettsia-like bacterium that remains uncultured in part because ...	1996	8795235
cross-reactivity of rickettsia japonica and rickettsia typhi demonstrated by immunofluorescence and western immunoblotting.	cross-reactivity between rickettsia japonica and r. typhi was observed by immunofluorescence tests using sera from patients with oriental spotted fever (osf), from whom the causative agent was isolated and identified as r. japonica. western immunoblotting with these sera revealed that only the 120-kilodalton surface polypeptide, i.e., rickettsial outer membrane protein (romp) b, has a common antigenicity with the 105-kilodalton surface polypeptide of r. typhi. in some cases, antibodies specifica ...	1995	8789054
unrecognized spotted fever group rickettsiosis masquerading as dengue fever in mexico.	although rocky mountain spotted fever was documented in northern mexico during the 1940s, spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsioses have subsequently received little attention in mexico. in this study, sera collected in 1993 from 50 patients from the mexican states of yucatan and jalisco, who were suspected clinically to have dengue fever but had no antibodies to dengue virus, were examined by indirect immunofluorescence for igm antibodies reactive with rickettsia rickettsii, r. akari, and r. typh ...	1996	8780453
[spotted fever group rickettsiosis and vectors in kanagawa prefecture].	primer pairs for pcr were designed from the gene encoding the 17,000-molecular-weight genus-common antigen of rickettsia japonica, rickettsia rickettsii, rickettsia conorii, rickettsia typhi and rickettsia prowazekii. primers r1, r2 were designed for amplifying the genomic dna from spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae and epidemic typhus rickettsiae. primers rj5, rj10 were designed for amplifying the genomic dna from only r. japonica. using the primers r1, r2, about a 540-bp fragment was observ ...	1996	8741704
the typhus group.		1996	8727129
photo quiz. murine typhus (rickettsia typhi)		1995	8645830
genotypic identification of murine typhus rickettsia in rats and their fleas in an endemic area of greece by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.	forty-nine cases of murine typhus were diagnosed in recent years in residents of several communities around the city of chalkis, the capital of the prefecture of evia. (euboea) evia is an island connected to central mainland greece by a bridge. to investigate the endemicity of murine typhus in this area, 226 fleas (xenopsylla cheopis) and blood samples were collected from 53 rats (rattus norvegicus) trapped in this area. the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polym ...	1996	8615457
identification and characterization of epitopes on the 120-kilodalton surface protein antigen of rickettsia prowazekii with synthetic peptides.	the 120-kda surface protein antigens (spas) of typhus rickettsiae are highly immunogenic and have been shown to be responsible for the species-specific serological reactions of the typhus group rickettsiae. to study the immunochemistry of these proteins, overlapping decapeptides encompassing the whole protein were synthesized on derivatized polyethylene pins. a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to identify epitopes recognized by rabbit hyperimmune antisera to rickettsia prowaze ...	1996	8606109
prevalence of antibodies to coxiella burnetti, rickettsia conorii, and rickettsia typhi in seven african countries.	the prevalences of antibodies reactive with coxiella burnetti, rickettsia conorii, and rickettsia typhi were determined by indirect fluorescent antibody testing of sera from seven african countries. the seroprevalences of antibodies reactive with c. burnetti and r. conorii in countries from north africa were similar to those reported from southern europe. in countries of sub-saharan africa, the seroprevalence of antibodies reactive with c. burnetti varied greatly; the generally higher figures fo ...	1995	8589132
the seroprevalence of ten zoonoses in two villages of crete, greece.	the seroprevalence and incidence of 10 zoonoses due to rickettsia typhi, r. conorii, coxiella burnetii, burcella sp., borrelia sp., toxoplasma sp., leishmania sp., entamoeba histolytica, echinococcus granulosus and fasciola hepatica were studied in an animal husbandry and a farming village in crete, greece. the serum conversion incidence of each infectious agent was determined by testing 2 blood samples, collected in 1985 and in 1987. the surveillance was conducted using detailed transparent map ...	1995	8549708
cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding the crystalline surface layer protein of rickettsia typhi.	the nucleotide sequence of the gene (slpt) encoding the crystalline surface layer protein (slp) of rickettsia typhi was determined. the slpt gene consists of 4935 bp coding for a 1645-amino-acid (aa) protein containing a predicted signal peptide at the n terminus. the size of the predicted slp exceeds the observed size (135 kda) on sds-page. the n-terminal aa sequence of the 32-kda protein of r. typhi reported by hackstadt et al. [infect. immun. 60 (1992) 159-165] was found in the c-terminal por ...	1993	8224886
determination of genome size and restriction pattern polymorphism of rickettsia prowazekii and rickettsia typhi by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.	pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of smai, mlui and sali digested dna was used to estimate genome size and perform restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for rickettsia prowazekii and rickettsia typhi. we concluded that the genome of r. prowazekii and r. typhi consisted of a single chromosomal dna. the total length of dna of r. prowazekii was 1,106 +/- 54 kb and of r. typhi was 1,133 +/- 44 kb. it was possible to differentiate two strains of r. prowazekii, breinl and evir, by pf ...	1993	8104842
community-based prevalence profile of arboviral, rickettsial, and hantaan-like viral antibody in the nile river delta of egypt.	to determine the current prevalence of antibody to arboviruses, rickettsiae, and hantaan-like viruses, a survey was carried out in the nile river valley of egypt, one of the principal foci of the 1977-1978 rift valley fever (rvf) outbreak. blood specimens were obtained from 915 persons representing 190 study households. enzyme immunoassay testing showed that the overall prevalence of igg antibody was 4% to sand fly fever sicilian (sfs), 2% to sandfly fever naples (sfn), 15% to rvf, 20% to west n ...	1993	8101432
prevalence of antibodies to rickettsiae in the human population of suburban bangkok.	following a report of three cases of scrub typhus in suburban bangkok, we performed a serosurvey in the patients' communities. both igg and igm antibodies were measured in an indirect immunoperoxidase assay, using separate spots of antigen from rickettsia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus), r. typhi (murine typhus), and tt-118 spotted fever group rickettsiae. of 215 people donating blood, antibody levels indicative of most recent exposure to r. tsutsugamushi were most prevalent (21%), followed by r. t ...	1994	8074248
identification of a novel rickettsial infection in a patient diagnosed with murine typhus.	identification of elb agent-infected fleas and rodents within several foci of murine typhus in the united states has prompted a retrospective investigation for this agent among human murine typhus patients. this agent is a recently described rickettsia which is indistinguishable from rickettsia typhi with currently available serologic reagents. molecular analysis of the 17-kda antigen gene and the citrate synthase gene has discriminated this bacterium from other typhus group and spotted fever gr ...	1994	8027348
murine typhus: updated roles of multiple urban components and a second typhuslike rickettsia.	studies using serologic and polymerase chain reaction-(pcr) facilitated analysis of field samples from southern texas indicate the presence of rickettsia typhi and elb agent infected cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis (bouché), and the first observation of elb infected vertebrates (opossums). the elb agent is a recently described typhus-like rickettsia that is not distinguished from r. typhi or r. prowazekii by currently available serologic reagents. restriction digests of pcr products from 399 fl ...	1994	7966170
transmission cycle of murine typhus in greece.	a field study, based on a follow up of the 49 human cases of the disease that occurred on the island of evia in 1985, has established the transmission cycle of murine typhus in greece for the first time. in 1993, two types of traps were used to catch 53 rats, all of them rattus norvegicus, in the localities where the cases had occurred. some 300 fleas, all of them probably xenopsylla cheopis, and a few ticks and mites were collected from the rats. eight of the fleas were found positive for ricke ...	1994	7893179
genotype characterization of the bacterium expressing the male-killing trait in the ladybird beetle adalia bipunctata with specific rickettsial molecular tools.	the male-killing ladybird beetle (lb) bacterium (ab bacterium) was analyzed with specific rickettsial molecular biology tools in the lb adalia bipunctata strains. eight phenotype-positive lb strains showing mortality of male embryos were amplified with rickettsial genus-specific primers from the gene for citrate synthase (cs) and the gene for a 17-kda protein and spotted fever group-specific primers from the gene for the 120-kda outer membrane protein (ompb). the specificity of amplification was ...	1995	7747963
serologic evidence of respiratory and rickettsial infections among somali refugees.	somali refugees living in a camp located in djibouti were studied in october 1991 and may 1992. the refugees had been living at the camp for about two years. the median age of volunteers was 25 years, of whom 69% were female. paired sera obtained seven months apart were evaluated by complement fixation, microimmunofluorescence, indirect fluorescent antibody, streptococcal antibody, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques for evidence of pathogen infection. fifty-two percent, 31.3%, 8.0% ...	1995	7741176
identification of a natural cycle involving rickettsia typhi infection of monopsyllus sciurorum sciurorum fleas from the nests of the fat dormouse (glis glis).	in a mountainous area in the dinaric beech-fir forest of southern slovenia, summer nests of the european fat dormouse (glis glis) were collected. from these dormouse nests, 180 monopsyllus sciurorum sciurorum fleas were examined by polymerase chain reaction with primers for the rickettsia citrate synthase gene. samples from one nest yielded the expected 381 base pair dna product. the origin of the dna product was identified as rickettsia typhi by alui restriction fragment length polymorphism ana ...	1994	7672059
comparative evaluation of a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the detection of human antibody to rickettsia typhi.	a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit called the dip-s-ticks (ds) for the detection of total immunoglobulin (ig) g and igm human antibodies to rickettsia typhi was evaluated. in tests with 340 serum samples from patients with diagnosed cases of rickettsial diseases, patients suffering from other febrile illnesses, and normal subjects, the ds compared favorably with the standard indirect fluorescent-antibody (ifa) test. at ifa cutoff titers of > or = 1.64 and > or = 1:128, the ds showed sensitiviti ...	1995	7664182
seroepidemiological survey of rickettsial infections among blood donors in central tunisia.	in this report we attempt to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against rickettsia conorii, r. typhi, coxiella burnettii, and ehrlichia chaffeensis in central tunisia. five hundred sera from blood donors, collected between march and june 1993, were tested for these 4 antibodies using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (ifa). nine percent of the sera had antibodies against r. conorii (igg > 1:32) by ifa, and 8% by western blotting; with ifa, 3.6% had antibodies to r. typhi, 26% to c ...	1995	7660428
antibodies against rickettsiaceae in dogs of setúbal, portugal.	an indirect fluorescent antibody test was performed on sera collected from dogs housed in the municipal kennel of setúbal to assess the prevalence of antibodies to ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis and to rickettsia conorii, agent of boutonneuse fever in humans. two other members of the family rickettsiaceae, coxiella burnetii and rickettsia typhi, were included in the serosurvey. of the 104 dogs tested, 85.6% had antibodies to r. conorii, 50% to e. canis, 26.9% to r. t ...	1995	7655402
ph and calcium dependence of hemolysis due to rickettsia prowazekii: comparison with phospholipase activity.	rickettsia prowazekii invades nucleated cells through phagocytosis and subsequently proliferates in the cytoplasm of the host cell. hemolysis and a phospholipase a2 (pla2) activity at neutral phs have previously been reported; even though the phagosomal environment is most likely acidic. we here show that r. prowazekii and r. typhi also lyse erythrocytes at mildly acidic phs, compatible with an early phagosomal compartment. for r. prowazekii, hemolysis at an acidic ph but not a neutral ph is enh ...	1995	7622232
isolation, cultivation, and partial characterization of the elb agent associated with cat fleas.	elb rickettsiae from cat flea homogenates were recovered in tissue culture cells following sequential passage through laboratory rats and the yolk sacs of embryonated chicken eggs. seven days after inoculation of elb from the infected yolk sacs, vero cells and l929 cells were observed to contain intracellular bacteria as demonstrated by diff quik and indirect immunofluorescence assay staining. the rickettsial and elb identity of the cultured agent was confirmed by pcr detection of the 16s rrna a ...	1995	7591142
laboratory acquired murine typhus--a case report.	a 34-year-old laboratory worker developed murine typhus after an accidental splashing of rickettsia typhi over her right eye and lips. indirect immunoperoxidase test showed a four-fold increase in titre to rickettsia typhi. she responded well to doxycycline.	1995	7565191
mechanisms of immunity in typhus infection: analysis of immunity to rickettsia mooseri infection of guinea pigs.	to study the mechanisms of immunity to rickettsia mooseri (r. typhi) infection, sera and splenic cells collected from nonimmune and immune guinea pigs were inoculated separately into syngeneic nonimmune recipients which were subsequently challenged intradermally. protection was measured by comparing the course of the challenge infections of recipients with infections initiated with the same rickettsial inocula in nonimmune animals. recipients of splenic cells collected 21 days after donor infect ...	1980	7380552
ornithine metabolism in the genus rochalimaea.	ornithine metabolism was studied in two strains of the trench fever rickettsia rochalimaea quintana, fuller and guadalupe, and in the vole agent, a strain of rochalimaea but not necessarily of rochalimaea quintana. the metabolic activity of intact cells and cell-free extracts was measured by monitoring the evolution of 14co2 from [1-14c]ornithine. low levels of activity were obtained with all three strains, but requirements for the demonstration of this activity differed. with the cells of the f ...	1982	7061394
murine and epidemic typhus rickettsiae: how close is their relationship?	typhus fever has occurred globally as epidemic and endemic disorders. in 1910, brill reported a typhus-like illness which zinsser and others determined to be recurrent epidemic typhus fever. maxcy, in 1926, proposed rodents and fleas as reservoir and vector, respectively, of endemic typhus, which dyer confirmed in 1930. animals experimentally infected with epidemic typhus (rickettsia prowazeki) are immune to murine typhus (rickettsia typhi) and vice versa. similar solid cross-immunity exists for ...	1982	6817526
antibodies to typhus in eastern nepal.		1981	6798725
isolation of species-specific protein antigens of rickettsia typhi and rickettsia prowazekii for immunodiagnosis and immunoprophylaxis.	a simple procedure for the selective isolation of the protective species-specific protein antigens (spas) of rickettsia typhi and rickettsia prowazekii was developed to permit use of the spas in the immunodiagnosis and immunoprophylaxis of typhus infections. although the spas were readily extracted from lysozyme- or detergent-treated rickettsiae, as measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, other polypeptides were also present, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresi ...	1981	6793620
epidemic typhus (rickettsia prowazekii) in massachusetts: evidence of infection.		1981	6783902
use of a sensitive microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a retrospective serological analysis of a laboratory population at risk to infection with typhus group rickettsiae.	a microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), developed for the detection of antibodies to typhus group rickettsiae, was used to analyze human sera from individuals engaged directly or indirectly in rickettsial research. the earliest serum available from each of 112 individuals was tested for immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies against rickettsia typhi and rickettsia prowazekii by elisa at a 1:500 dilution. in at least one assay, nine sera had elisa optical densities of greater t ...	1980	6783677
partial purification and characterization of the major species-specific protein antigens of rickettsia typhi and rickettsia prowazekii identified by rocket immunoelectrophoresis.	species-specific antigens from rickettsia typhi and rickettsia prowazekii were readily solubilized by french pressure cell extraction or sonication of renografin density gradient-purified rickettsiae and were identified by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. as measured by quantitative rocket immunoelectrophoresis, the species-specific typhus rocket antigens (stras) appeared to be proteins; they were denatured by heating at 56 degrees c for 30 min but not by 50 degrees c treatment, and they were sensi ...	1981	6783537
platelet aggregation and stimulation of leucocyte procoagulant activity by rickettsial lipopolysaccharides in rabbits and in man.	the effects in vitro of 4 purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations from rickettsiae on platelets and leucocytes were studied in rabbits and in man. all lps induced aggregation in rabbit platelet-rich plasma but to differing degrees. this activity was abolished by inactivation of complement. none of the preparations induced aggregation of human platelets. both rabbit and human leucocytes, when incubated with each of the rickettsial lps preparations, generated a potent procoagulant activity ...	1981	6781928
detection of typhus antibodies by latex agglutination.	a latex test for assay of antibodies to endemic and epidemic typhus rickettsiae is simple, group-specific, sensitive, and reproducible. cross-reactivity within the typhus group was extensive.	1981	6780601
development and characterization of high-titered, group-specific fluorescent-antibody reagents for direct identification of rickettsiae in clinical specimens.	rabbits were inoculated with purified antigen preparations of coxiella burnetii and representative species of the spotted fever and typhus groups of rickettsiae. their antibody responses were monitored by complement fixation tests; high-titered antisera were fractionated with ammonium sulfate and then labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate by the dialysis method. the conjugates had homologous 3+ staining titers of 1:256 to 1:2,048 and did not exhibit nonspecific staining. the rickettsia rickett ...	1980	6769955
in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by soluble and membrane fractions of renografin-purified typhus group rickettsiae.	cell-free extracts of disrupted renografin-purified rickettsia typhi and r. prowazekii were evaluated as antigens in lymphocyte transformation assays for cell-mediated immunity to typhus group rickettsiae in 19 individuals with and 9 without histories of exposure to these organisms. exposure consisted of clinical disease, vaccination with epidemic typhus vaccine, or occupational exposure to these agents. both the soluble and membrane fractions of disrupted purified rickettsiae were used, and tra ...	1980	6769803
[pleuropericarditis caused by rickettsia mooseri. an unusual manifestation of murine typhus].		1984	6739907
spotted fever and murine typhus in the negev desert region of israel, 1981.	during 1981, 52 cases of rickettsiosis caused by the spotted fever group of rickettsiae were reported in a population of 250 000 living in the negev desert region of israel. retrospectively, at least 5 of these cases were serologically shown to have been caused by rickettsia typhi, the agent of murine typhus. most cases of rickettsial disease occurred in the summer months and one half of all cases occurred in children aged 9 years or less. while the specificity of a physician's diagnosis of the ...	1984	6610498
characteristics of lymphoid cells that adoptively transfer immunity to rickettsia mooseri infection in mice.	the capacity of adoptively transferred immune lymphoid cells or passively transferred immune serum to alter the course of an established rickettsia mooseri (r. typhi) infection in the spleen was evaluated in balb/c mice. immune cells, but not immune serum, controlled the established infection. an effective lymphocyte was a t-cell which had to possess a capacity to divide.	1984	6608497
[rickettsiosis and chlamydiosis in hoggar (republic of algeria): epidemiological sampling].	the study was made on reservoirs of infections (rodent, sheep, goat, dromedary), vectors (louse) and human-receptors. examinations were made on smears examined with staining and indirect-fluorescente techniques and on sera examined by complement fixation test. chlamydia psittaci appears very often in rodent, sheep, goat, dromedary and man. antibodies against coxiella burneti were found present in sheep, goat but mainly in dromedary and less than 16 years old boys. two lice were carrier of ricket ...	1984	6548418
characteristics of rickettsia mooseri infection of normal and immune mice.	rickettsia mooseri infection initiated by subcutaneous injection has been studied in balb/c mice with the objective of developing a model for the study of immune mechanisms. characterization of infection included the following: measurement of the replication, dissemination, and clearance of rickettsiae; measurement of correlates of the immune response, including humoral antibody, hypersensitivity to subcutaneously inoculated rickettsial antigen, and activation of nonspecific macrophage microbici ...	1984	6546307
experimental infection with rickettsia mooseri and antibody response of adult and newborn laboratory rats.	quantitative studies of selected features of peripherally induced rickettsia mooseri (= r. typhi) infection in rattus norvegicus-derived white laboratory rats revealed a unique association between microbe and amplifying vertebrate host which appears to be especially conducive to maintenance of the enzootic cycle. both adult and newborn (1-3 days old) rats were highly susceptible to percutaneous infection (id50 = approximately 1 organism), but neither showed signs of disease or died even when ino ...	1984	6486291
rickettsia mooseri infection in the fleas leptopsylla segnis and xenopsylla cheopis.	detailed observations on the acquisition and propagation of experimental rickettsia mooseri infection in two species of fleas are presented. rickettsia mooseri infection became detectable by means of the direct fluorescent antibody test about 2 days earlier in leptopsylla segnis than in the putative vector, xenopsylla cheopis. by the 6th day after the infective feeding, the entire lining and the lumen of the midgut in l. segnis contained masses of rickettsiae and the agent was being passed in th ...	1983	6418017
rickettsial antibody prevalence in southern israel: igg antibodies to coxiella burnetii, rickettsia typhi, and spotted fever group rickettsiae among urban- and rural-dwelling and bedouin women.	a retrospective serological survey was carried out using sera obtained from women at childbirth in the southern desert region of israel to determine exposure experience to three rickettsial agents: coxiella burnetii, rickettsia typhi, and spotted fever group rickettsiae. using the indirect fluorescent antibody method for determining igg antibodies, it was found that about 40% of all sera examined demonstrated antibodies to one or more rickettsiae. bedouin women appeared to be at greater risk of ...	1983	6418016
detection and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to epidemic typhus rickettsiae.	a solid-phase immunofluorometric assay was used to detect mouse monoclonal antibodies to epidemic typhus rickettsiae, rickettsia prowazekii (the immunizing antigen), and to murine typhus rickettsiae, rickettsia typhi, a related antigen. of the 649 hybridoma cultures obtained, 628 contained antibodies either to r. prowazekii or to both r. prowazekii and r. typhi. a total of 72 cultures were cloned by limiting dilution and yielded 137 antibody-producing clones. of these, 104 produced antibodies sp ...	1983	6415092
[analysis and improvement of culture processes of pathogenic microorganisms].		1981	6274109
adenine nucleotide degradation by the obligate intracellular bacterium rickettsia typhi.	adenosine 5'-triphosphate (atp) was catabolized by whole cells and cell-free extracts of rickettsia typhi to adenosine 5'-diphosphate (adp) and then to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (amp), the end product of atp catabolism under the experimental conditions used. the only intermediate of the pathway from atp to amp which was identified by thin-layer chromatography and quantitated by the (14)c content was adp, whereas products such as adenine, adenosine, hypoxanthine, inosine, and inosine 5'-monophos ...	1980	6247288
role of t-lymphocytes in production of antibody to antigens of rickettsia tsutsugamushi and other rickettsia species.	the requirement of thymus-dependent lymphocytes for antibody production to rickettsia tsutsugamushi, rickettsia akari, rickettsia conorii, and rickettsia typhi was investigated by comparing antibody production in athymic (nu/nu) or thymus-bearing balb/c mice. athymic balb/c mice produced antibody after infection with r. akari, r. conorii, and r. typhi as measured by indirect fluorescent antibody titration or radioimmunoassay. antibody production in these mice was a great or greater than in the t ...	1983	6223883
sensitization of mice to rickettsial toxin by coxiella burnetii.	intraperitoneal (ip.) inoculation with live or killed coxiella burnetii (c.b.) rendered mice more sensitive to intravenous (iv.) administration of a toxic live suspension of rickettsia typhi. sensitization of mice by live and killed c.b. was time-and dose-dependent. killed phase i and phase ii c.b. cells possessed a similar degree of sensitization, which was increased slightly by their preincubation with corresponding immune sera. lipopolysaccharide (lps)-protein complex extracted from phase i c ...	1984	6148856
lipopolysaccharides from rickettsiaceae: limulus endotoxin assay and pathogenetic mediators in rickettsiosis.		1980	6107027
the cell wall of rickettsia mooseri. i. morphology and chemical composition.	cell walls prepared by mechanically disrupting intact rickettsia mooseri (r. typhi) were examined in an electron microscope and analyzed chemically. electron micrographs of metal-shadowed and negatively stained rickettsial cell walls revealed no significant differences, except for smaller size, from bacterial cell walls prepared in a similar manner. the chemical composition was complex, and resembled that of gram-negative bacterial cell walls more closely than that of gram-positive bacterial cel ...	1967	6025416
[lipschütz' migrant erythema with rickettsia mooseri?].		1965	5897167
permeability properties of rickettsia mooseri.	the passive permeability properties of rickettsia mooseri to both inorganic and organic solutes have been examined. visual observations by phase-contrast microscopy of rickettsiae in macerated yolk sacs taken directly from heavily infected eggs revealed plasmolysis with hypertonic nacl and kcl as well as with sucrose solutions. in contrast, similar visual studies of rickettsiae which had been subjected to freezing or to a purification process, or both, were plasmolyzed by hypertonic sucrose but ...	1967	5337841
[significance of the size of the cell nucleus in normal and pathological cytophysiology of the endocrine glands].		2016	5069956
effects of lysine on toxicity and depressant effects of ethanol in rats.		1972	5064917
the epidermal component of pityriasis lichenoides.		2016	5057378
prolonged control of increased intracranial pressure with glycerin.		2012	5049685
[aortic coarctation syndrome in the newborn].		2016	5035074
[pathogenesis of inflammation and mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of experimental peloid therapy].		1972	5029442
[endemic murine typhus in dalmatia. biological and epidemiological studies of a focus with an endemic character].		1971	5004855
[acute and chronic vascular diseases in murine typhus due to rickettsia mooseri].		1971	5004848
[observations on extracellular rickettsias (rickettsia mooseri and r. quintana) and experimental modification of their properties].		1971	5003798
[recurrence of exanthematous typhus].		1971	5003105
rickettsioses of central america.		1971	5002247
[test of specific neutralization of the hemolytic activity of typhus fever rickettsiae].		1971	5000739
clinical evaluation of tralonide ointment, a new topical steroid.		2016	5000463
[rat control on poultry farms].		1970	4994713
[bactocoumarin--a highly effective agent against rodents].		1970	4994712
[simplification of the antibiotics level determination by a new vertical diffusion test].		1970	4993389
monkey to man transmission of plasmodium falciparum by anopheles freeborni mosquitoes.		1968	4990410
rickettsial vaccines.		1969	4990153
[a method of setting up jerne's reaction with rickettsial antigens].		1969	4986277
the changing ecology of murine (endemic) typhus in southern california.		1970	4986201
[a case of r. mooseri rickettsial disease, of possible occupational origin in a house painter].		1968	4984545
rickettsial antibodies in multiple sclerosis.	the serum of subjects with multiple sclerosis or other degenerative neurological diseases and that of normal controls does not differ significantly in its content of antibodies to several rickettsial antigens. there is no evidence for a rickettsial aetiology of multiple sclerosis, and no grounds for an extended clinical trial of le gac's full method of treatment with antibiotics.	1970	4983591
[diagnostic value of immunofluorescent complement fixation test in infections caused by rickettsia prowazekii and rickettsia mooseri].		1969	4981552
[study of rickettsia burneti, mooseri and prowazekii adaptation to cell cultures].		1968	4979960
increased antibacterial resistance and immunodepression during graft-versus-host reactions in mice.		1969	4978202
some speculations concerning extrahuman rickettsia prowazeki and a few remarks about the epidemiology of rickettsia mooseri.		1968	4975924
observations on rickettsia canada a recently described member of the typhus group rickettsiae.		1968	4975527
[various patterns in the course of exanthematous typhus infections of epidemic and endemic types in guinea pigs].		1967	4972894
[physiology and biochemistry of rickettsia].		1966	4972729
[diagnosis of tsutsugamushi disease by immunofluorescence].		1968	4970721
studies of rickettsia mooseri cell walls. ii. immunologic properties.		1967	4961125
[immune animal organs from the viewpoint of culture].		1965	4957016
[a case of cardiac insufficiency due to rickettsia mooseri].		1965	4954134
[adaptory theory of protein biosynthesis].		1971	4944706