| immunogenic differences between two anaplasma marginale isolates. | | 1969 | 5388318 |
| attempted hereditary transmission of anaplasma marginale theiler with dermacentor albipictus (packard). | | 1970 | 5421097 |
| characterization of opsonins eluted from erythrocytes of cattle infected with anaplasma marginale. | | 1971 | 5567418 |
| anaplasma marginale infection in splenectomized calves. | | 1968 | 5637919 |
| comparative efficacy of oxytetracycline and a dithiosemicarbazone in eliminating anaplasma marginale infection in splenectomized calves. | | 1970 | 5499317 |
| effects of washing with saline solution and normal bovine plasma on the infectivity of anaplasma marginale erythrocytes. | | 1968 | 5640316 |
| preservation of infectivity of anaplasma marginale. | | 1968 | 5690784 |
| chemotherapy of experimental anaplasma marginale infections. trials with an experimental dithiosemicarbazone (alpha-ethoxyethylglyoxal dithiosemicarbazone). | | 1968 | 5671949 |
| anaplasma marginale infection in young and aged cattle. | | 1968 | 5688978 |
| [effects of the infectivity of ionic radiation on blood totally infected with anaplasma marginale]. | | 1968 | 5705117 |
| the inhibitory effect of a dithiosemicarbazone on acute infections of anaplasma marginale. | | 1968 | 5719106 |
| disk electrophoretic separation of soluble preparations of plasmodium lophurae and anaplasma marginale. | | 1968 | 5757731 |
| the nature of bands in parasitized bovine erythrocytes. | anaplasma marginale is the etiological agent of a hemolytic disease of cattle, known as anaplasmosis. the organism appears as a marginal inclusion in parasitized erythrocytes, but certain isolates also have bands associated with the inclusion. inclusions and associated bands in parasitized erythrocytes in the liver and peripheral circulation were studied by light microscope cytochemistry and electron microscopy. bands were comet- and dumbbell-shaped by light microscopy and were stained by techni ... | 1965 | 5857258 |
| immunology and serology of anaplasma marginale. ii. nature of the cf antigen. | | 1965 | 5858692 |
| biologic properties of anaplasma marginale: effects of ionizing radiation on infectivity of partially purified marginal body preparations. | | 1965 | 5882552 |
| biologic properties and characteristics of anaplasma marginale: effect of sonic energy treatment of inoculums on the development of peak marginal body counts in splenectomized calves. | | 1965 | 5892838 |
| in vitro incorporation of glycine by bovine erythrocytes infected with anaplasma marginale. | | 1966 | 5940333 |
| preservation of dimethylsulfoxide-treated anaplasma marginale with liquid nitrogen. | | 1966 | 5943945 |
| kinetics of the antibody response to anaplasma marginale infection. | | 1966 | 5948606 |
| clinical and hematologic comparison of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma centrale infections in cattle. | | 1966 | 5967335 |
| cryogenic preservation of anaplasma marginale. | | 1966 | 6008308 |
| evidence of lactate dehydrogenase in anaplasma marginale. | extracts from preparations of partially purified anaplasma marginale revealed low levels of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh). enzyme inhibition by immune sera further indicated that a. marginale possesses a protein moiety the same as that of the normal red blood cell (rbc), although data suggested an alteration of ldh(1) from that observed in normal rbc. bimodal isozyme distribution was detected after electrophoresis of the extracts. one isozyme approached the cathode and the other the anode, and bot ... | 1967 | 6025428 |
| serological relationship of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma centrale as measured by the complement-fixation and capillary tube agglutination tests. | | 1967 | 6040643 |
| base composition and thermal denaturation of dna isolated from anaplasma marginale. | | 1967 | 6028914 |
| effects of estrogens upon anaplasma marginale infection in splenectomized cattle. | | 1967 | 6065933 |
| preparation and characterization of a soluble anaplasma marginale antigen. | | 1967 | 6065935 |
| morphologic and histochemical nature of anaplasma marginale. | | 1967 | 6065934 |
| fractionation of lipids of anaplasma marginale. | | 1967 | 6033695 |
| infectivity of anaplasma marginale in bovine blood after prolonged freezing. | | 1967 | 6036377 |
| serologic and clinical responses of premunized, vaccinated, and previously infected cattle to challenge exposure by two different anaplasma marginale isolates. | two anaplasma marginale isolates, one originating in florida (fam) and the other from virginia (vam), were compared immunologically by cross-challenge exposure of 14 anaplasma carrier cattle, 8 previously infected cattle, and 6 splenectomized carrier calves. in addition, 28 cattle vaccinated with a commercially available adjuvant killed vaccine and 22 nonvaccinated cattle were challenge exposed with either fam or vam. a detectable clinical response was not produced by either fam or vam challenge ... | 1984 | 6084430 |
| anaplasma marginale infection in deer in the sierra nevada foothill area of california. | | 1967 | 6067991 |
| identification of anaplasmataceae (haemobartonella) antigen and antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. | free antigen related to anaplasma marginale (am) (haemobartonella) was demonstrated in the glomeruli of one patient with lupus nephritis. indirect fluorescent antibodies against this rickettsia were demonstrated in all of 22 lupus sera tested, with titers ranging from 1:20 to 1:1280. geometric mean titer (gmt) was 116. fifty-eight percent of 102 controls did not react to am by indirect fluorescent antibody technique, and gmt of all controls was 10.7 immunofluorescence was eliminated by neutraliz ... | 1980 | 6153897 |
| serologic comparisons of 4 anaplasma isolates as measured by the complement-fixation test. | anaplasma marginale isolated from virginia ( vam ), from north texas ( ntam ), from florida (fam), and anaplasma ovis from idaho were used in these trials. complement-fixation antigens from each of the 4 isolates were used to compare complement-fixing antibody titers of 10 cattle infected with vam , 17 with fam, and 6 with ntam . strong cross-reactions occurred with all antigens and sera. the homologous system generally showed higher average antibody titers. the serum antibody titers occurring w ... | 1984 | 6203210 |
| common and isolate-restricted antigens of anaplasma marginale detected with monoclonal antibodies. | anaplasma marginale-infected erythrocytes were examined for the presence of maturation, isolate-restricted, and isolate-common antigens by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. a panel of 18 monoclonal antibodies was used; none of the antibodies reacted with anaplasma ovis, babesia bigemina, babesia bovis, trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma congolense, or uninfected bovine erythrocytes. antigens common to all six a. marginale isolates were detected by nine antibodies. single isola ... | 1984 | 6205996 |
| a proposed method of premunizing cattle with minimum inocula of anaplasma marginale. | | 1967 | 6070724 |
| a study of the immunological relationship of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma centrale. | | 1967 | 6070725 |
| staining characteristics of colonies of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor andersoni stiles. | colonies of anaplasma marginale theiler were studied in midgut epithelial cells of adult dermacentor andersoni stiles that were infected as nymphs. the colonies were demonstrated in plastic sections (1 micrometer) and frozen sections (6 micrometer) with mallory's stain. colonies were also demonstrated in frozen sections, using direct fluorescent antibody technique. colonies were not observed in plastic or frozen sections stained by the giménez method. in all preparations, the colonies were usual ... | 1981 | 6175257 |
| a seroepidemiologic survey of three pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations in southeastern idaho, 1975-1977. | sera from 104 adult and 42 fawn pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) from southeastern idaho were tested against selected livestock pathogens. the numbers positive/numbers tested (% positive) were as follows: bovine virus diarrhea - adults 2/102 (2), fawns 0/41 (0);; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis - adults 27/101 (27), fawns 9/42 (22); parainfluenza 3 - adults 79/104 (76), fawns 22/42 (52); bovine adenovirus 7 - adults 42/103 (41), fawns 20/48 (48); bovine adenovirus 3 - adults 11/32 (3 ... | 1980 | 6246285 |
| a case of apparent suppression of anaplasma marginale infection by eperythrozoonosis (eperythrozoon teganodes). | the apparent suppression of anaplasma marginale infection by eperythrozoon teganodes in a splenectomized calf has been reported. a splenectomized calf, inoculated with 500 ml of blood having 23% erythrocytes infected with a. marginale, developed eperythrozoonosis on the fourth day post inoculation. a. marginale parasitaemia remained very low during the patent eperythrozoonosis. a. marginale parasites started to increase in number only after e. teganodes infection had been controlled with neoarsp ... | 1982 | 6211820 |
| the effect of anaplasma marginale on the glycolytic pathway in bovine erythrocytes. | the glycolytic process in non-infected and a. marginale-infected bovine erythrocytes was studied. the study included four enzymes: hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvic kinase and lactic dehydrogenase, and the intracellular concentrations of glucose, atp and 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid (dpg). the activities of phosphofructokinase and lactic dehydrogenase found in non-infected bovine erythrocytes were fifty times greater than the previously reported values. glucose and dpg concentrations, hexok ... | 1984 | 6236033 |
| a rapid staining procedure for anaplasma marginale in bovine erythrocytes. | a commercial product that stains cells in less than 1 minute was compared with the giemsa and the wright-giemsa methods for detection of the intraerythrocytic parasite, anaplasma marginale, in bovine blood smears. the total number of a marginale-infected erythrocytes detected in 5 microscope fields of 18 different samples was determined for each staining procedure. in samples where less than 2% to greater than 25% of the rbc were infected, statistical analysis of the data indicated that the rapi ... | 1984 | 6208825 |
| immunocytochemical labeling of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor andersoni stiles with peroxidase- antiperoxidase technique. | colonies of anaplasma marginale in midgut epithelial cells of adult ticks that had been infected as nymphs were specifically labeled, using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of immunocytochemistry. visual comparison of infected and control tissue sections with the electron microscope demonstrated deposition of ring-like peroxidase-antiperoxidase complexes over organisms within the colonies. the intensity of labeling differed among organisms within a single colony, possibly ... | 1982 | 6285774 |
| demonstration of anaplasma marginale in hemolymph of dermacentor andersoni by animal inoculation and by fluorescent-antibody technique. | hemolymph was collected from adult dermacentor andersoni stiles that had been infected with anaplasma marginale theiler as nymphs. before hemolymph was collected, the adult ticks were either incubated and unfed at 37 c for 2.5 days or fed for 6 days on sheep. hemolymph collected from groups of 100 ticks was inoculated into susceptible splenectomized calves. smears of hemolymph from the same groups of ticks were prepared for examination by fluorescent antibody technique. hemolymph from incubated ... | 1983 | 6346968 |
| infectivity virulence and immunogenicity of anaplasma centrale live blood vaccine. | cross-bred bos taurus calves, aged between 6 and 8 months, were inoculated with the onderstepoort anaplasma centrale live blood vaccine. one group of 15 calves were inoculated once only, while a 2nd group of 15 were revaccinated 6 months later. all the animals were challenged with approximately 1 x 10(10) anaplasma marginale parasites of a known virulent strain 8 months after the first vaccination. the results of blood smear examination and the card agglutination test indicated that only 20 out ... | 1983 | 6348636 |
| [distribution of piroplasma and anaplasma marginale in calves in burundi]. | | 1983 | 6419686 |
| observations on blood-borne parasites of domestic livestock in the lower juba region of somalia. | the commonest parasite to be found in blood of cattle in the lower juba region is theileria mutans. antibodies against trypanosoma spp. and anaplasma marginale could be detected serologically whereas no antibodies against t. parva and t. annulata were present. a list of ticks collected between 1980 and 1982 in the above mentioned area shows that vectors of t. mutans are common. as the cattle throughout the region are indigenous somali boran it seems that endemic stability is maintained and morta ... | 1984 | 6441324 |
| comparison of gloxazone, an effective but toxic anaplasmacide, with imidocarb dihydrochloride. | eight calves and 15 steers were artificially infected with anaplasma marginale. when parasitaemia reached 15 per cent, groups of animals were treated with either gloxazone (356c61), or imidocarb dihydrochloride or left untreated as controls. both compounds were highly effective in the therapy of anaplasmosis. toxicological studies showed that gloxazone was unacceptably toxic in lactating cattle and also caused nephrotoxicity in rats. development work with gloxazone as an anaplasmacide has, there ... | 1980 | 6451008 |
| comparison of blood smear and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques in detection of haemoparasite infections in trade cattle in nigeria. | the incidence of blood parasites in trade cattle was surveyed with emphasis on tick-borne parasites, using blood smears and immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) techniques. with the blood smear method, about 9 and 8.9% of cattle examined were found positive for babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale, respectively. percentage infections with other parasites were 3.33, 1.92, 0.75, 0.75 and 0.58, respectively, for babesia bovis, trypanosoma brucei, anaplasma centrale, eperythrozoon and theileria spec ... | 1984 | 6369761 |
| serological evidence of exposure to anaplasma marginale in nigerian one-humped camels. | | 1984 | 6464312 |
| epidemiology of tick-borne diseases of cattle in zimbabwe. ii. anaplasmosis. | a survey on the incidence of antibodies to anaplasma marginale in one- to three-year-old cattle was carried out in zimbabwe using the capillary tube agglutination test. antibodies were detected in all but one of 118 batches of sera collected from different localities throughout the country. there was no clear relationship between the frequency of occurrence of positive serological reactors, which was similar in both commercial and communal farming areas, and the incidence of clinical anaplasmosi ... | 1984 | 6485099 |
| demonstration of the inclusion appendage of anaplasma marginale in nymphal dermacentor andersoni. | dermacentor andersoni nymphs were placed in stockinettes and allowed to feed on a splenectomized calf with experimentally induced anaplasmosis when the parasitemia was 3%-5%. nymphs were selected on each of the 6 days of feeding and every 5 days from repletion through molting to the adult stage (25 days postrepletion); they were killed and midgut tissues were processed and examined by light and electron microscopies. no stages of a marginale were seen in tissues of feeding ticks. visualization o ... | 1984 | 6497136 |
| development of colonies of anaplasma marginale in the gut of incubated dermacentor andersoni. | | 1983 | 6625314 |
| studies on ticks of veterinary importance in nigeria. xi. observations on the biology of ticks detached from the red-flanked duiker (cephamophys rufulatus) and parasites encountered in their blood. | some aspects of the biology of amblyomma variegatum and boophilus decorolatus detached from red-flanked duikers were studied. smears were also made from the blood of the duikers and examined for the presence of parasites. anaplasma marginale was the only blood parasite found in the blood smears. compared with ticks detached from cattle, duiker ticks produced a greater number of eggs. the lengths and breadths of eggs produced by duiker ticks were greater than those of cattle ticks and unlike a. v ... | 1984 | 6538723 |
| acquired cellular responsiveness in cattle cleared of anaplasma marginale 28 months earlier. | the leukocyte migration inhibition test (lmit) was used to assess cell-mediated immune responses of cattle against anaplasma marginale. leukocytes from 7 of 11 cows that had been cleared of the carrier state by antibiotic therapy 28 months earlier were inhibited from their normal migration by a. marginale antigens (p less than 0.001). after reexposure to virulent organisms, all animals were positive to the lmit. there was not a significant relationship (r = 0.49) between lmit values before and a ... | 1983 | 6612989 |
| the elimination of anaplasma marginale from carrier cattle by treatment with long acting oxytetracycline. | | 1984 | 6517790 |
| demonstration of colonies of anaplasma marginale in the midgut of rhipicephalus simus. | rhipicephalus simus nymphs were allowed to feed on a cow experimentally infected with the bw-strain of anaplasma marginale from republic of south africa, and they were studied as adults. colonies were demonstrated by light microscopy in midgut epithelial cells of adult ticks that were unfed (as adults), incubated, or prefed for 72 hours on a cow. the colonies occurred in 5 different morphologic types (1 to 5) that were similar to those described previously for a virginia isolate of a marginale i ... | 1983 | 6660614 |
| observations on anaplasmosis following field exposure to heavy and light infestations with boophilus microplus. | two groups of normandy calves were exposed to heavy (mean half body count = greater than 300) or light (mean half body count = 9) natural infestations with boophilus microplus. all of the calves became infected with anaplasma marginale. despite the difference in tick challenge level, there was no significant difference in the incubation period, increase in body temperature, level or duration of anaplasma parasitemia, decrease in packed cell volume, or complement-fixing antibody response, between ... | 1983 | 6685402 |
| prevalence of antibodies to anaplasma marginale in cattle from various african biotopes in central morocco, north cameroon and southeastern zaïre. | | 1983 | 6650023 |
| response of cattle upon reexposure to anaplasma marginale after elimination of chronic carrier infections. | sixteen cattle serotest-negative for anaplasmosis with either no previous exposure (2 animals) or cleared 8 months earlier of their carrier state by chemotherapy (14 animals) were each exposed to anaplasma marginale. anaplasma serotest titers were determined by complement-fixation and rapid card agglutination tests conducted during a 63-day trial period. serologic reactions indicated that all cattle (both groups) were converted to seropositive by the 21st day after exposure. fluctuations in pcv ... | 1984 | 6731981 |
| immune serum against anaplasma marginale initial bodies neutralizes infectivity for cattle. | the first demonstration of immune serum-mediated neutralization of anaplasma marginale and identification of the involved surface antigens is presented. anaplasma marginale initial bodies were purified from parasitized erythrocytes by using ultrasonic disruption and differential centrifugation. the initial bodies were morphologically intact, as determined by electron microscopy, were not agglutinated by anti-bovine erythrocyte sera, and were infective. sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel e ... | 1984 | 6736645 |
| the use of tick transmission by boophilus microplus to isolate pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale from cattle with mixed infections. | pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale were isolated from cattle infected with all 3 species as well as theileria sp. and eperythrozoon teganodes, using only transmission by the tick, boophilus microplus. unengorged adult ticks transferred to susceptible cattle transmitted a. marginale, but not babesia. engorged adults gave rise to progeny that transmitted babesia, b. bovis by larvae and b. bigemina by male ticks. the theileria and e. teganodes were not transmitt ... | 1983 | 6686384 |
| immune responses of calves antigenically stimulated and challenge exposed with anaplasma marginale during tick infestation or treatment with dexamethasone. | similar anamnestic antibody responses to a 2nd injection of a anaplasma marginale vaccinal antigen were observed in calves infested with the tick dermacentor albipictus and in tick-free calves. when challenge exposure of these calves to virulent a marginale was done, infestation with the tick boophilus microplus increased anemia (p less than 0.01), but did not suppress antibody production to a marginale or increase parasitemia. none of the vaccinated calves, regardless of infestation, experience ... | 1984 | 6711969 |
| ultrastructural aspects of intraerythrocytic development of a venezuelan strain of anaplasma marginale. | blood samples from splenectomized calves infected with a venezuelan strain of anaplasma marginale were studied by electron microscope. a. marginale appears to invade erythrocytes by the invagination of the host cell plasma membrane. the parasite reproduces by binary or multiple fission, changing from a rounded to an irregularly polyhedral form during and after division. the mature anaplasma, within the host red cell modifies the erythrocytes cytoplasma and external membrane producing pores throu ... | 1983 | 6845418 |
| anaplasma infections in wild and domestic ruminants: a review. | anaplasma marginale can be transmitted, will grow and can survive in a large number of domestic and wild animals. it is pathogenic in cattle, and usually produces nonapparent or mild infections in other species. anaplasma marginale has been recovered from cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), pronghorn (antilocapra americana americana), rocky ... | 1984 | 6716555 |
| clinical and serological evidence of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in st. lucia. | one hundred fifty-nine holstein calves were imported into st. lucia from the u.s.a. an outbreak of babesiosis occurred 17 days post-arrival, and an outbreak of anaplasmosis occurred 5 months after importation. sera obtained 3, 6, and 12 months post-importation revealed a high prevalence of ifa titres to babesia bovis and b. bigemina 3 months after arrival and an increase in titres to anaplasma marginale 6 months after arrival. sera obtained from native cattle from several places on the island in ... | 1982 | 6753317 |
| characterization of immune responses of cattle to erythrocyte stroma, anaplasma antigen, and dodecanoic acid-conjugated anaplasma antigen: humoral immunity. | normal erythrocyte antigen (sonically disrupted erythrocyte stroma; ses) and two anaplasma antigens (sonically disrupted anaplasma antigen; saa, and french pressure cell-disrupted anaplasma antigen; faa) were prepared from normal and anaplasma marginale-infected blood. portions of saa and faa antigens were chemically modified by conjugation with dodecanoic acid (saada and faada). eleven cattle were vaccinated with ses, saa, saada, or faada. five weeks later, the 11 cattle, together with 3 contro ... | 1980 | 6768332 |
| comparison of proteins synthesized by two different isolates of anaplasma marginale. | we present results on the initial definition of proteins synthesized by two isolates of anaplasma marginale. bovine erythrocytes infected with a. marginale were radioactively labeled with [35s]methionine or a 3h-amino acid mixture during short-term in vitro culture. the labeled proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. this technique revealed protein bands of various apparent molecular weights from less than 14,000 to greater than 200,000. the bands obs ... | 1983 | 6852911 |
| bovine anaplasmosis: elimination of the carrier state with injectable long-acting oxytetracycline. | long-acting oxytetracycline was administered intramuscularly (20 mg/kg) at 3-day intervals to each of 16 naturally infected anaplasma marginale carrier beef cows; 8 of the 16 cows were given 3 injections and the other 8 cows were given 4 injections. four cows seropositive for a marginale served as untreated controls. rapid card agglutination and complement fixation tests were performed 5 times during the 130-day posttreatment period. all treated cows became negative to both serologic procedures, ... | 1983 | 6874524 |
| effects and use of a modified live anaplasma marginale vaccine in beef heifers in california. | eighty-one 11-month-old, nonpregnant, anaplasma marginale-seronegative beef heifers were allotted to 2 groups for evaluation of a modified live a marginale vaccine (n = 50 for vaccinated group and n = 31 for nonvaccinated group). the vaccine induced a mild form of anaplasmosis, as evidenced by a significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in the packed cell volume (pcv) between days 31 and 46 after vaccination. the lowest pcv was 11%, and 3 heifers had a pcv less than 20%. slight lethargy was eviden ... | 1983 | 6874525 |
| influence of parasitemia level at feeding on development of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor andersoni stiles. | four splenectomized dairy calves were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source (donor) for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles nymphs. two donor calves developed higher parasitemias during tick feeding than did the 2 other donor calves. one month after molting, adult ticks were incubated at 37 c for 2.5 days to stimulate development of colonies of a marginale, and homogenates of gut were made from ticks fed on each donor calf. ... | 1983 | 6869951 |
| the parasites obtained and bacteria isolated from house rats (rattus rattus linnaeus, 1758) caught in human habitations in ibadan, nigeria. | a total of 169 house rats were killed in different households distributed within five localities of ibadan. a wide range of parasites were encountered. the flea, ceratophylus fasciatus was the commonest ectoparasite found. trichostrongylus columbriformis eggs were the commonest nematode and hymenolepis diminuta the only cestode. escherichia coli was the commonest bacterium found. the incidence of helminthiasis, especially h. diminuta, was generally high among rats trapped in the villages and the ... | 1981 | 7037672 |
| morphologic characteristics of colonies of anaplasma marginale theiler in midgut epithelial cells of dermacentor andersoni stiles. | colonies of anaplasma marginale theiler were studied in midgut epithelial cells of adult dermacentor andersoni stiles that were infected as nymphs. colonies were categorized by light microscopy into 5 morphologic types that appear to represent stages in a developmental sequence. the mean diameter of the colony types ranged from 5.64 micrometer to type 1 colonies to 10.49 micrometers of type 5 colonies. representatives of each colony type were selected by light microscopy and were sectioned for e ... | 1982 | 7073078 |
| chemotherapy to eliminate anaplasma marginale under field and laboratory conditions. | | 1980 | 6947300 |
| demonstration of anaplasma marginale theiler in ticks by tick transmission, animal inoculation, and fluorescent antibody studies. | cattle were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles and d variabilis (say) nymphs. transstadial transmission of a marginale was demonstrated by feeding the newly molted adult ticks of both species on susceptible cattle and by inoculation of gut and salivary gland homogenates collected from adult ticks at postattachment days 5 and 7. oral secretions collected from the same group of ticks ... | 1980 | 6989298 |
| a comparison of direct fluorescent antibody and giemsa staining for the post-mortem diagnosis of anaplasmosis. | direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) and giemsa staining of anaplasma marginale were compared in smears collected serially at post-mortem (pm) from 11 experimentally infected calves. once smears had been prepared and air-dried they could be held for at least 5 days before staining with either technique with no noticeable change in staining quality. dfa staining was more sensitive in detecting anaplasms in smears than giemsa staining. anaplasma spp could be differentiated from babesia bovis and b. b ... | 1980 | 7002139 |
| abnormal bovine erythrocyte membrane proteins and glycoproteins during and after infection with anaplasma marginale. | | 1982 | 7073707 |
| anaplasmosis and babesiosis in el salvador. | a serological survey was carried out in the central american state of el salvador to determine the distribution and prevalence of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and babesia bovis. the results suggest that the parasites are widely distributed throughout the country and prevalence rates of 78.5% for a. marginale, 70.5% for b. bigemina and 73.5% for b. bovis were obtained. tick counts suggest that boophilus microplus is the main blood parasite vector. epidemiological studies showed that init ... | 1982 | 7101466 |
| infectivity for cattle of anaplasma marginale extracted from boophilus microplus ticks exposed to certain temperatures. | | 1982 | 7082225 |
| the australian brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus as an experimental parasite of cattle and vector of anaplasma marginale. | experiments were done to explore the possible relationship between cattle, australian dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus) and anaplasma marginale. calves' ears were exposed to larval, nymphal and adult ticks on 8, 9 and 7 occasions, respectively. the immature instars fed readily, but the adults attached very poorly to calves. transtadial transmission of a. marginale was achieved on 6 occasions from 9 attempts: ticks infected as larvae or nymphs were able to transmit at the subsequent stage or s ... | 1982 | 7082237 |
| serologic evidence of anaplasma marginale infection in illinois white-tailed deer. | a total of 175 deer and 54 cattle from crab orchard national wildlife refuge in southern illinois were tested for antibody to anaplasma marginale, using the capillary tube agglutination test. a total of 12 (6.9%) deer and 7 (13%) cattle were serologically positive. serologic prevalence in deer increased from 0 at 6 months of age to 14% at 2 1/2 or more years of age. cattle less than approximately 1 year of age were not seropositive. | 1982 | 7174438 |
| the effect of incubation and prefeeding of infected rhipicephalus simus nymphae and adults on the transmission of anaplasma marginale. | two batches of unfed rhipicephalus simus nymphae carrying anaplasma marginale were incubated for 72 h and 96 h respectively at 37 degrees c. fifty ticks were triturated at a time and the homogenates were used to infect susceptible cattle. others were prefed on a bovine host for 72 h before tick suspensions were prepared. the same procedure was followed, using a single batch of infected adult ticks. incubation had no effect on the infectivity of the nymphal homogenates, but prefeeding of nymphae ... | 1982 | 7177588 |
| bovine anaplasmosis: clinical, hematologic, and serologic manifestations in cows given a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation in the prepatent period. | the prophylactic efficacy of a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was determined in 36 susceptible cows experimentally inoculated with anaplasma marginale. each of 10 cows in 3 treatment groups (t2, t3, t4) were given im injections of 20 mg of oxytetracycline/kg of body weight once, twice, or three times during the prepatent period. the t2 group was treated once at 1 week after experimental inoculation, the t3 group was treated 2 times (at 1 and 2 weeks) after exposure, and the t4 group was ... | 1982 | 7103219 |
| influence of increased temperature on anaplasma marginale theiler in the gut of dermacentor andersoni stiles. | three splenectomized dairy calves were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles nymphs. one month after molting, groups of adult ticks were incubated at 37 c for 0, 1.5, 2.5, and 7 days. gut homogenates were made from ticks representing each incubation period. twenty-four susceptible, splenectomized dairy calves were each inoculated iv with a gut homogenate extracted from 50 adult ticks ... | 1982 | 7091815 |
| elimination of naturally acquired chronic anaplasma marginale infections with a long-acting oxytetracycline injectable. | four injections of a long-acting oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg) were administered at 3-day intervals to 14 naturally infected anaplasmosis carrier cattle. individual anaplasma serology titers were evaluated, using complement-fixation and rapid card-agglutination tests at frequent intervals during a 180-day posttreatment period. serologic results indicated fluctuating complement-fixation titers during the trial period. however, at trial termination, 12 of 14 animals were negative by complement-fixati ... | 1982 | 7165161 |
| demonstration of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor variabilis (say) by ferritin-conjugated antibody technique. | cattle were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor variabilis (say) nymphs. transstadial transmission of a marginale was demonstrated by feeding the newly molted adult ticks on susceptible cattle and by inoculation of gut homogenates collected from adult ticks at postattachment day 6. a similar gut homogenate from the same group of ticks was caused to react with a marginale-bovine antisera that had bee ... | 1980 | 7212431 |
| serological studies of babesiosis and anaplasmosis of cattle. | bos indicus-crossbred calves exposed to natural babesia bovis infection in wet and dry tropical environments in northern queensland were tested for antibodies using the indirect haemagglutination (iha) test. there was evidence of maternal antibodies suggesting endemicity of b. bovis in the 2 environments. within one year 35.3 to 94.6% of the calves had acquired b. bovis infection. the highest titres and most rapid conversion rates were observed just after the wet season when the tick population ... | 1982 | 7181776 |
| morphologic alteration of anaplasma marginale in calves treated with a dithiosemicarbazone. | blood and clotted blood samples from 3 calves with anaplasmosis were examined by light and electron microscopies before and after the calves were treated twice with alpha-ethoxyethylglyoxal dithiosemicarbazone (given iv). in the treated calves anaplasma bodies were swollen and irregularly shaped and had rough surfaces when viewed by light microscopy. posttreatment electron microscopic examinations revealed swelling and vacuolation of initial bodies of anaplasma bodies, and ballooning of the vesi ... | 1982 | 7181188 |
| ultrastructure of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor andersoni stiles and dermacentor variabilis (say). | cattle were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles and d variabilis (say) nymphs. anaplasma marginale was demonstrated by electron microscopy in gut tissues of replete nymphal ticks and in unfed, incubated, and feeding adult ticks that were exposed to the organism as nymphs when they fed on an infected cow. the a marginale organism in replete nymphs and adult feeding ticks were morphol ... | 1980 | 7212430 |
| anaplasma marginale in bovine erythrocyte cultures. | bovine erythrocytes infected with anaplasma marginale were standardized with normal bovine erythrocytes at 1.4% and 3.5% parasitemia and cultured under low oxygen pressure at 37 c. the number of erythrocytes infected by a marginale appeared to increase 3.3-fold by day 11 and 4.5-fold by day 3, as determined by microscopic examination of giemsa-stained thin films of the culture suspension. anaplasma parasites in experimental cultures were proven to be viable and pathogenic by calf inoculation for ... | 1980 | 7212442 |
| characterization of anaplasma marginale infection in splenectomized domestic goats. | an inoculum of anaplasma marginale was given (iv) to a splenectomized domestic goat and then was serially passed through 4 additional goats. the results indicated that goats can be latent carriers at 75 days after inoculation, but not at 208 days. there was no evidence of serial passage of a marginale in goats. | 1981 | 7224308 |
| serologic evidence of anaplasma marginale infection in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in missouri. | | 1981 | 7253101 |
| transmission of anaplasma marginale theiler by dermacentor andersoni stiles and dermacentor variabilis (say). | cattle were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles and d variabilis (say) nymphs. following a molt and subsequent feeding of adult ticks on susceptible cows, transstadial transmission of a marginale occurred from cattle with parasitemias ranging from undetectable (in a carrier cow) to a peak of 27% (in an acutely ill cow). homogenates of gut tissue from unfed, incubated, and feeding ad ... | 1981 | 7224310 |
| recrudescence of anaplasma marginale induced by immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide. | eight doses of cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg), at 2-day intervals between doses, were administered iv to anaplasma-carrier splenectomized calves. significant decreases in serum immunoglobulins, diminished complement-fixing antibody response, and transitory leukopenia were associated with the treatment. recrudescence of clinical anaplasma infection occurred after the 5th dose of cyclophosphate was given and was characterized by rapid increase in parasitemia, marked decrease in pcv, and mortality. the ... | 1981 | 7224313 |
| isolation of anaplasma marginale from rhipicephalus simus males. | approximately 100 adult rhipicephalus simus from a batch known to be infected with anaplasma marginale were used to infest an ox. fifty male ticks were manually removed from the animal's ears 9 days after infestation. these ticks were triturated and a stabilate was prepared which was injected intravenously into 2 susceptible oxen. both these animals became infected with a. marginale. the prepatent periods following inoculation of the tick suspensions before and after freezing in liquid nitrogen ... | 1980 | 7231925 |
| cell-mediated immune response in anaplasmosis in cattle. | the cell-mediated immune response (cmir) was demonstrated during experimental anaplasma marginale infection in cattle, in vivo by the intradermic skin test and in vitro by the leucocyte migration inhibition test (lmit). the skin test showed a delayed hypersensitivity reaction which reached its maximum after 48-72 hours. histopathological examination of the skin biopsies revealed excessive infiltration by mononuclear cells and accumulation of oedematous fluid in the deeper dermal layers. for lmit ... | 1981 | 7256829 |
| clinical chemistry of anaplasmosis: comparative serum protein changes elicited by attenuated and virulent anaplasma marginale isolates. | in a comparative study of the clinical chemical changes during anaplasma marginale infection, 16 intact mature cows were infected with either of 2 virulent isolates. eight others were treated with a live a marginale vaccine (sheep-attenuated) and 7 were maintained as controls. before and during patency, samples of blood from the cows were analyzed for total wbc, parasitemia, card test titer (ctt), total protein, albumin, and globulin fractions. in the cows inoculated with virulent isolates, albu ... | 1981 | 7258784 |
| anaplasma ovis in idaho sheep. | blood samples from 16 anaplasmosis complement-fixation (cf) positive sheep from a flock near cambridge, idaho, were inoculated into 3 intact sheep and 3 splenectomized calves. the 3 sheep became cf positive, and 2 developed parasitemia. none of the 3 calves had signs of anaplasmosis, but all became ill when they were subsequently challenge exposed with blood from known carriers of anaplasma marginale. after a 75-day observation period, blood from the recipient intact sheep was subinoculated into ... | 1981 | 7258767 |
| clinical chemistry of anaplasmosis: blood chemical changes in infected mature cows. | the clinical chemical changes induced by anaplasma marginale infection were determined in 16 adult, intact cows infected with either of 2 virulent isolates and in 8 others treated with a live sheep-attenuated a marginale vaccine and were compared with the clinical chemical analyses in 7 noninfected controls. blood samples from the cows were analyzed for various serum components and during clinical disease. cows infected with the 2 virulent isolates had maximum erythrocyte parasitemias (0.5% to 6 ... | 1981 | 7258783 |
| effect of anaplasma marginale infection upon blood gases and electrolytes in splenectomized calves. | | 1981 | 7328469 |
| experimental transmission of babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale to calves with the larvae of boophilus decoloratus. | | 1981 | 7293560 |