Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| quantitative estimation of leishmanial antibody titers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the response to immunization against leishmania braziliensis in rabbits was followed by measurement of antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), passive hemagglutination, complement fixation, and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis. passive hemagglutination and complement-fixation titers were interpreted according to standard methods, whereas elisa exact titers were derived by the equation y = a-b log x, which describes the straight line that results when absorbances are plotted ag ... | 1979 | 387886 |
| epizootiology and control of anaplasmosis in south africa. | the history of bovine anaplasmosis, or tick-born gallsickness, since the discovery of anaplasma marginale by sir arnold theiler is briefly reviewed. the development of the anaplasma centrale vaccine by theiler, up to the composition of the present vaccine issued by onderstepoort in which the original isolate is still passaged, is discussed in detail. recent transmission studies at onderstepoort have shown that 5 tick species are capable of transmitting anaplasmosis intrastadially, and intrastadi ... | 1979 | 399978 |
| effect of combined administration of furosemide and aspirin on urinary urate excretion in man. | furosemide (20 mg) was administered intravenously to 7 healthy volunteers, before and after 4 days of oral administration of aspirin in uricosuric dosage (1 g daily). aspirin prevented the decrease in urinary urate excretion induced by furosemide, without interfering with its natriuretic action. this finding is suggested to be the result of the opposite and independent effects of the two drugs on tubular reabsorption of urate. | 1979 | 547103 |
| absence of increasing incidence of meningitis caused by haemophilus influenza type b. | an epidemiologic survey of meningitis caused by haemophilus influenzae type b in children aged zero to four years during an 11-year period (january 1965-december 1975) was conducted in the baltimore, maryland, metropolitan area to examine recent trends in the incidence of this disease. cases of h. influenzae meningitis were identified at all 19 hospitals in the city and county of baltimore and all 41 hospitals in the surrounding area. the population at risk (age, zero to four years) was estimate ... | 1979 | 317292 |
| testicular degeneration and libido loss in beef bulls experimentally inoculated with anaplasma marginale. | four sexually mature virgin beef bulls were inoculated with whole blood from a known anaplasma marginale carrier. all four bulls became infected and experienced some degree of anemia and testicular degeneration, while uninoculated controls remained normal. testicular degeneration was confirmed by electron microscopy, histopathology, and semen evaluation. further observations established that the inoculated bulls exhibited a loss of libido, while controls reacted in a normal manner to a cow in es ... | 1979 | 16725412 |
| identification of anaplasmataceae (haemobartonella) antigen and antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. | free antigen related to anaplasma marginale (am) (haemobartonella) was demonstrated in the glomeruli of one patient with lupus nephritis. indirect fluorescent antibodies against this rickettsia were demonstrated in all of 22 lupus sera tested, with titers ranging from 1:20 to 1:1280. geometric mean titer (gmt) was 116. fifty-eight percent of 102 controls did not react to am by indirect fluorescent antibody technique, and gmt of all controls was 10.7 immunofluorescence was eliminated by neutraliz ... | 1980 | 6153897 |
| a seroepidemiologic survey of three pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations in southeastern idaho, 1975-1977. | sera from 104 adult and 42 fawn pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) from southeastern idaho were tested against selected livestock pathogens. the numbers positive/numbers tested (% positive) were as follows: bovine virus diarrhea - adults 2/102 (2), fawns 0/41 (0);; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis - adults 27/101 (27), fawns 9/42 (22); parainfluenza 3 - adults 79/104 (76), fawns 22/42 (52); bovine adenovirus 7 - adults 42/103 (41), fawns 20/48 (48); bovine adenovirus 3 - adults 11/32 (3 ... | 1980 | 6246285 |
| comparison of gloxazone, an effective but toxic anaplasmacide, with imidocarb dihydrochloride. | eight calves and 15 steers were artificially infected with anaplasma marginale. when parasitaemia reached 15 per cent, groups of animals were treated with either gloxazone (356c61), or imidocarb dihydrochloride or left untreated as controls. both compounds were highly effective in the therapy of anaplasmosis. toxicological studies showed that gloxazone was unacceptably toxic in lactating cattle and also caused nephrotoxicity in rats. development work with gloxazone as an anaplasmacide has, there ... | 1980 | 6451008 |
| chemotherapy to eliminate anaplasma marginale under field and laboratory conditions. | 1980 | 6947300 | |
| demonstration of anaplasma marginale theiler in ticks by tick transmission, animal inoculation, and fluorescent antibody studies. | cattle were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles and d variabilis (say) nymphs. transstadial transmission of a marginale was demonstrated by feeding the newly molted adult ticks of both species on susceptible cattle and by inoculation of gut and salivary gland homogenates collected from adult ticks at postattachment days 5 and 7. oral secretions collected from the same group of ticks ... | 1980 | 6989298 |
| a comparison of direct fluorescent antibody and giemsa staining for the post-mortem diagnosis of anaplasmosis. | direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) and giemsa staining of anaplasma marginale were compared in smears collected serially at post-mortem (pm) from 11 experimentally infected calves. once smears had been prepared and air-dried they could be held for at least 5 days before staining with either technique with no noticeable change in staining quality. dfa staining was more sensitive in detecting anaplasms in smears than giemsa staining. anaplasma spp could be differentiated from babesia bovis and b. b ... | 1980 | 7002139 |
| characterization of immune responses of cattle to erythrocyte stroma, anaplasma antigen, and dodecanoic acid-conjugated anaplasma antigen: humoral immunity. | normal erythrocyte antigen (sonically disrupted erythrocyte stroma; ses) and two anaplasma antigens (sonically disrupted anaplasma antigen; saa, and french pressure cell-disrupted anaplasma antigen; faa) were prepared from normal and anaplasma marginale-infected blood. portions of saa and faa antigens were chemically modified by conjugation with dodecanoic acid (saada and faada). eleven cattle were vaccinated with ses, saa, saada, or faada. five weeks later, the 11 cattle, together with 3 contro ... | 1980 | 6768332 |
| ultrastructure of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor andersoni stiles and dermacentor variabilis (say). | cattle were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles and d variabilis (say) nymphs. anaplasma marginale was demonstrated by electron microscopy in gut tissues of replete nymphal ticks and in unfed, incubated, and feeding adult ticks that were exposed to the organism as nymphs when they fed on an infected cow. the a marginale organism in replete nymphs and adult feeding ticks were morphol ... | 1980 | 7212430 |
| demonstration of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor variabilis (say) by ferritin-conjugated antibody technique. | cattle were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor variabilis (say) nymphs. transstadial transmission of a marginale was demonstrated by feeding the newly molted adult ticks on susceptible cattle and by inoculation of gut homogenates collected from adult ticks at postattachment day 6. a similar gut homogenate from the same group of ticks was caused to react with a marginale-bovine antisera that had bee ... | 1980 | 7212431 |
| anaplasma marginale in bovine erythrocyte cultures. | bovine erythrocytes infected with anaplasma marginale were standardized with normal bovine erythrocytes at 1.4% and 3.5% parasitemia and cultured under low oxygen pressure at 37 c. the number of erythrocytes infected by a marginale appeared to increase 3.3-fold by day 11 and 4.5-fold by day 3, as determined by microscopic examination of giemsa-stained thin films of the culture suspension. anaplasma parasites in experimental cultures were proven to be viable and pathogenic by calf inoculation for ... | 1980 | 7212442 |
| isolation of anaplasma marginale from rhipicephalus simus males. | approximately 100 adult rhipicephalus simus from a batch known to be infected with anaplasma marginale were used to infest an ox. fifty male ticks were manually removed from the animal's ears 9 days after infestation. these ticks were triturated and a stabilate was prepared which was injected intravenously into 2 susceptible oxen. both these animals became infected with a. marginale. the prepatent periods following inoculation of the tick suspensions before and after freezing in liquid nitrogen ... | 1980 | 7231925 |
| prevalence of antibodies to babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale in dairy cattle in bolivia. | 1980 | 7368318 | |
| characterization of immune responses of cattle to erythrocyte stroma, anaplasma antigen, and dodecanoic acid-conjugated anaplasma antigen: cell-mediated immunity. | sonically disrupted normal erythrocyte stroma (ses) and two anaplasma antigens (sonically disrupted anaplasma antigen; saa, and french pressure cell disrupted anaplasma antigen; faa) were prepared from normal and anaplasma marginale-infected blood. the saa and faa antigens were chemically modified by conjugation with dodecanoic acid (saada and faada). significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) anti-anaplasma lymphocyte-transformation responses were obtained from all cattle given saa, saada, or f ... | 1980 | 7369609 |
| susceptibility of bos indicus crossbred and bos taurus cattle to anaplasma marginale infection. | the effects of infection with anaplasma marginale in groups of bos indicus-brahman crossbred and bos taurus cattle aged 27 and 48 months were studied using the parameters of body weight change, packed cell volume, parasitaemia and humoral antibody. twenty-six animals (8 bos taurus and 18 bos indicus crosses) of each age group were infected. no significant differences between any of the groups were observed. | 1980 | 7414703 |
| a comparative study of experimental anaplasmosis in bos indicus and bos taurus cattle. | comparative studies were carried out on the susceptibility of 8 bos taurus and 10 predominantly bos indicus cross cows aged 48 months to anaplasma marginale infection. measurements were carried out on bodyweight, parasitaemia, haematological factors, humoral antibody response and serum transaminase levels. except for minor differences in reaction bos indicus and bos taurus animals were equally susceptible to infecton with the strain of a. marginale employed. such differences observed were not si ... | 1980 | 7425986 |
| epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in beef calves in northern queensland. | natural infection of calves with anaplasma marginale was studied in two endemic areas of tropical north queensland. infection, assessed by a micro-complement fixation test, occurred throughout the year but was most frequent just after the summer wet season. infection was clinically inapparent. calves vaccinated with a. centrale did not show improved growth rate when compared with non-vaccinated calves. the complement fixation test was shown to be most effective in the detection of recent infecti ... | 1980 | 7425987 |
| comparison of three methods of immunization against bovine anaplasmosis: an examination of postvaccinal effects. | normandy calves ranging in age from 7 to 11 months were immunized against bovine anaplasmosis, using a diluted virulent anaplasma marginale stabilate of colombian origin, diluted bovine blood containing an apparently mild strain of a marginale isolated in colombia, or an attenuated a marginale vaccine of ovine origin from the united states. calves given the stabilate generally showed a moderate degree of parasitemia and reduction in packed cell volume (pcv). calves given the apparently mild colo ... | 1980 | 7436099 |
| comparison of three methods of immunization against bovine anaplasmosis: evaluation of protection afforded against field challenge exposure. | the efficacy of three immunization methods for bovine anaplasmosis was tested on 88 yearling normandy cattle which were challenge-exposed under field conditions in an enzootic zone in colombia, south american. a total of 30 cattle were immunized (premunized) with a presumed mild colombian isolate of anaplasma marginale; 29 calves were vaccinated with an attenuated a marginale of ovine origin; and 29 were exposed to a virulent a marginale stabilate of colombian origin. twenty-nine nonvaccinated c ... | 1980 | 7436100 |
| serologic evidence of anaplasma marginale infection in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in missouri. | 1981 | 7253101 | |
| cell-mediated immune response in anaplasmosis in cattle. | the cell-mediated immune response (cmir) was demonstrated during experimental anaplasma marginale infection in cattle, in vivo by the intradermic skin test and in vitro by the leucocyte migration inhibition test (lmit). the skin test showed a delayed hypersensitivity reaction which reached its maximum after 48-72 hours. histopathological examination of the skin biopsies revealed excessive infiltration by mononuclear cells and accumulation of oedematous fluid in the deeper dermal layers. for lmit ... | 1981 | 7256829 |
| anaplasma ovis in idaho sheep. | blood samples from 16 anaplasmosis complement-fixation (cf) positive sheep from a flock near cambridge, idaho, were inoculated into 3 intact sheep and 3 splenectomized calves. the 3 sheep became cf positive, and 2 developed parasitemia. none of the 3 calves had signs of anaplasmosis, but all became ill when they were subsequently challenge exposed with blood from known carriers of anaplasma marginale. after a 75-day observation period, blood from the recipient intact sheep was subinoculated into ... | 1981 | 7258767 |
| clinical chemistry of anaplasmosis: blood chemical changes in infected mature cows. | the clinical chemical changes induced by anaplasma marginale infection were determined in 16 adult, intact cows infected with either of 2 virulent isolates and in 8 others treated with a live sheep-attenuated a marginale vaccine and were compared with the clinical chemical analyses in 7 noninfected controls. blood samples from the cows were analyzed for various serum components and during clinical disease. cows infected with the 2 virulent isolates had maximum erythrocyte parasitemias (0.5% to 6 ... | 1981 | 7258783 |
| clinical chemistry of anaplasmosis: comparative serum protein changes elicited by attenuated and virulent anaplasma marginale isolates. | in a comparative study of the clinical chemical changes during anaplasma marginale infection, 16 intact mature cows were infected with either of 2 virulent isolates. eight others were treated with a live a marginale vaccine (sheep-attenuated) and 7 were maintained as controls. before and during patency, samples of blood from the cows were analyzed for total wbc, parasitemia, card test titer (ctt), total protein, albumin, and globulin fractions. in the cows inoculated with virulent isolates, albu ... | 1981 | 7258784 |
| comparative titration of anaplasma marginale antibodies by card agglutination and complement-fixation tests. | the card agglutination test for anaplasmosis was improved so that bovine serum could be titrated for anaplasma antibodies. the modified test was validated when its results on 1 set of serum samples were compared with the results furnished by the complement-fixation test on the same set. the samples tested were from cows inoculated with an anaplasma vaccine or with either 1 of 2 virulent strains of anaplasma marginale. a correlation coefficient of 0.60 was calculated between the values of the tit ... | 1981 | 7283236 |
| experimental transmission of babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale to calves with the larvae of boophilus decoloratus. | 1981 | 7293560 | |
| attempts to transmit anaplasma marginale with hippobosca rufipes and stomoxys calcitrans. | three attempts to transmit anaplasmosis with field collections of hippobosca rufipes were unsuccessful, despite the fact that the flies had been fed initially on splenectomized cattle acutely infected with anaplasma marginale. however, 1 out of the 3 attempts, made concurrently with the others, to transmit this organism with stomoxys calcitrans was successful. the prepatent period was 27 days. | 1981 | 7312304 |
| effect of anaplasma marginale infection upon blood gases and electrolytes in splenectomized calves. | 1981 | 7328469 | |
| freeze-drying of anaplasma marginale. | heparinized whole blood, heavily parasitized with anaplasma marginale, was collected from 3 splenectomized oxen. buffered lactose peptone (blp) was added to equal volumes as a stabilizer and the mixture lyophilized in 2 ml aliquots after rapid freezing. the dried material was reconstituted with 2 ml sterile water and inoculated without delay. the product remained infective for at least 6 months when stored in an ordinary household deep-freeze unit. | 1981 | 7335334 |
| chemoprophylaxis of vector-borne anaplasmosis with sustained-release boluses. | sustained-release oxytetracycline boluses (20%) delivering 145 to 150 mg/bolus/day were administered to complement-fixation test-negative cattle at dosages of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mg/kg of body weight. subsequent challenge exposure of cattle with dermacentor andersoni stiles infected with anaplasma marginale theiler indicated that treatment with the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg prevented clinical anaplasmosis and that treatment with the dosage of 3.0 mg/kg prevented disease infection. | 1981 | 7340579 |
| infection of splenectomized calves with anaplasma ovis. | an anaplasma was not recovered from 2 splenectomized calves at 17 days after a ovis inoculation, but was recovered from 1 of the calves at 177 days after inoculation. in a 3rd calf exposed to a ovis, an anaplasma was recovered at 177 and 262 days after inoculation. the anaplasma recovered from these calves was determined to be a ovis on the basis of cross-infectivity trials, using anaplasma marginale. | 1981 | 7340580 |
| antibody formation to babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale in calves in bolivia. | 1981 | 7344191 | |
| characterization of anaplasma marginale infection in splenectomized domestic goats. | an inoculum of anaplasma marginale was given (iv) to a splenectomized domestic goat and then was serially passed through 4 additional goats. the results indicated that goats can be latent carriers at 75 days after inoculation, but not at 208 days. there was no evidence of serial passage of a marginale in goats. | 1981 | 7224308 |
| transmission of anaplasma marginale theiler by dermacentor andersoni stiles and dermacentor variabilis (say). | cattle were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles and d variabilis (say) nymphs. following a molt and subsequent feeding of adult ticks on susceptible cows, transstadial transmission of a marginale occurred from cattle with parasitemias ranging from undetectable (in a carrier cow) to a peak of 27% (in an acutely ill cow). homogenates of gut tissue from unfed, incubated, and feeding ad ... | 1981 | 7224310 |
| recrudescence of anaplasma marginale induced by immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide. | eight doses of cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg), at 2-day intervals between doses, were administered iv to anaplasma-carrier splenectomized calves. significant decreases in serum immunoglobulins, diminished complement-fixing antibody response, and transitory leukopenia were associated with the treatment. recrudescence of clinical anaplasma infection occurred after the 5th dose of cyclophosphate was given and was characterized by rapid increase in parasitemia, marked decrease in pcv, and mortality. the ... | 1981 | 7224313 |
| the parasites obtained and bacteria isolated from house rats (rattus rattus linnaeus, 1758) caught in human habitations in ibadan, nigeria. | a total of 169 house rats were killed in different households distributed within five localities of ibadan. a wide range of parasites were encountered. the flea, ceratophylus fasciatus was the commonest ectoparasite found. trichostrongylus columbriformis eggs were the commonest nematode and hymenolepis diminuta the only cestode. escherichia coli was the commonest bacterium found. the incidence of helminthiasis, especially h. diminuta, was generally high among rats trapped in the villages and the ... | 1981 | 7037672 |
| staining characteristics of colonies of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor andersoni stiles. | colonies of anaplasma marginale theiler were studied in midgut epithelial cells of adult dermacentor andersoni stiles that were infected as nymphs. the colonies were demonstrated in plastic sections (1 micrometer) and frozen sections (6 micrometer) with mallory's stain. colonies were also demonstrated in frozen sections, using direct fluorescent antibody technique. colonies were not observed in plastic or frozen sections stained by the giménez method. in all preparations, the colonies were usual ... | 1981 | 6175257 |
| immunocytochemical labeling of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor andersoni stiles with peroxidase- antiperoxidase technique. | colonies of anaplasma marginale in midgut epithelial cells of adult ticks that had been infected as nymphs were specifically labeled, using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of immunocytochemistry. visual comparison of infected and control tissue sections with the electron microscope demonstrated deposition of ring-like peroxidase-antiperoxidase complexes over organisms within the colonies. the intensity of labeling differed among organisms within a single colony, possibly ... | 1982 | 6285774 |
| a case of apparent suppression of anaplasma marginale infection by eperythrozoonosis (eperythrozoon teganodes). | the apparent suppression of anaplasma marginale infection by eperythrozoon teganodes in a splenectomized calf has been reported. a splenectomized calf, inoculated with 500 ml of blood having 23% erythrocytes infected with a. marginale, developed eperythrozoonosis on the fourth day post inoculation. a. marginale parasitaemia remained very low during the patent eperythrozoonosis. a. marginale parasites started to increase in number only after e. teganodes infection had been controlled with neoarsp ... | 1982 | 6211820 |
| morphologic characteristics of colonies of anaplasma marginale theiler in midgut epithelial cells of dermacentor andersoni stiles. | colonies of anaplasma marginale theiler were studied in midgut epithelial cells of adult dermacentor andersoni stiles that were infected as nymphs. colonies were categorized by light microscopy into 5 morphologic types that appear to represent stages in a developmental sequence. the mean diameter of the colony types ranged from 5.64 micrometer to type 1 colonies to 10.49 micrometers of type 5 colonies. representatives of each colony type were selected by light microscopy and were sectioned for e ... | 1982 | 7073078 |
| abnormal bovine erythrocyte membrane proteins and glycoproteins during and after infection with anaplasma marginale. | 1982 | 7073707 | |
| infectivity for cattle of anaplasma marginale extracted from boophilus microplus ticks exposed to certain temperatures. | 1982 | 7082225 | |
| the australian brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus as an experimental parasite of cattle and vector of anaplasma marginale. | experiments were done to explore the possible relationship between cattle, australian dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus) and anaplasma marginale. calves' ears were exposed to larval, nymphal and adult ticks on 8, 9 and 7 occasions, respectively. the immature instars fed readily, but the adults attached very poorly to calves. transtadial transmission of a. marginale was achieved on 6 occasions from 9 attempts: ticks infected as larvae or nymphs were able to transmit at the subsequent stage or s ... | 1982 | 7082237 |
| influence of increased temperature on anaplasma marginale theiler in the gut of dermacentor andersoni stiles. | three splenectomized dairy calves were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles nymphs. one month after molting, groups of adult ticks were incubated at 37 c for 0, 1.5, 2.5, and 7 days. gut homogenates were made from ticks representing each incubation period. twenty-four susceptible, splenectomized dairy calves were each inoculated iv with a gut homogenate extracted from 50 adult ticks ... | 1982 | 7091815 |
| anaplasmosis and babesiosis in el salvador. | a serological survey was carried out in the central american state of el salvador to determine the distribution and prevalence of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and babesia bovis. the results suggest that the parasites are widely distributed throughout the country and prevalence rates of 78.5% for a. marginale, 70.5% for b. bigemina and 73.5% for b. bovis were obtained. tick counts suggest that boophilus microplus is the main blood parasite vector. epidemiological studies showed that init ... | 1982 | 7101466 |
| bovine anaplasmosis: clinical, hematologic, and serologic manifestations in cows given a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation in the prepatent period. | the prophylactic efficacy of a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was determined in 36 susceptible cows experimentally inoculated with anaplasma marginale. each of 10 cows in 3 treatment groups (t2, t3, t4) were given im injections of 20 mg of oxytetracycline/kg of body weight once, twice, or three times during the prepatent period. the t2 group was treated once at 1 week after experimental inoculation, the t3 group was treated 2 times (at 1 and 2 weeks) after exposure, and the t4 group was ... | 1982 | 7103219 |
| elimination of naturally acquired chronic anaplasma marginale infections with a long-acting oxytetracycline injectable. | four injections of a long-acting oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg) were administered at 3-day intervals to 14 naturally infected anaplasmosis carrier cattle. individual anaplasma serology titers were evaluated, using complement-fixation and rapid card-agglutination tests at frequent intervals during a 180-day posttreatment period. serologic results indicated fluctuating complement-fixation titers during the trial period. however, at trial termination, 12 of 14 animals were negative by complement-fixati ... | 1982 | 7165161 |
| serologic evidence of anaplasma marginale infection in illinois white-tailed deer. | a total of 175 deer and 54 cattle from crab orchard national wildlife refuge in southern illinois were tested for antibody to anaplasma marginale, using the capillary tube agglutination test. a total of 12 (6.9%) deer and 7 (13%) cattle were serologically positive. serologic prevalence in deer increased from 0 at 6 months of age to 14% at 2 1/2 or more years of age. cattle less than approximately 1 year of age were not seropositive. | 1982 | 7174438 |
| the effect of incubation and prefeeding of infected rhipicephalus simus nymphae and adults on the transmission of anaplasma marginale. | two batches of unfed rhipicephalus simus nymphae carrying anaplasma marginale were incubated for 72 h and 96 h respectively at 37 degrees c. fifty ticks were triturated at a time and the homogenates were used to infect susceptible cattle. others were prefed on a bovine host for 72 h before tick suspensions were prepared. the same procedure was followed, using a single batch of infected adult ticks. incubation had no effect on the infectivity of the nymphal homogenates, but prefeeding of nymphae ... | 1982 | 7177588 |
| morphologic alteration of anaplasma marginale in calves treated with a dithiosemicarbazone. | blood and clotted blood samples from 3 calves with anaplasmosis were examined by light and electron microscopies before and after the calves were treated twice with alpha-ethoxyethylglyoxal dithiosemicarbazone (given iv). in the treated calves anaplasma bodies were swollen and irregularly shaped and had rough surfaces when viewed by light microscopy. posttreatment electron microscopic examinations revealed swelling and vacuolation of initial bodies of anaplasma bodies, and ballooning of the vesi ... | 1982 | 7181188 |
| serological studies of babesiosis and anaplasmosis of cattle. | bos indicus-crossbred calves exposed to natural babesia bovis infection in wet and dry tropical environments in northern queensland were tested for antibodies using the indirect haemagglutination (iha) test. there was evidence of maternal antibodies suggesting endemicity of b. bovis in the 2 environments. within one year 35.3 to 94.6% of the calves had acquired b. bovis infection. the highest titres and most rapid conversion rates were observed just after the wet season when the tick population ... | 1982 | 7181776 |
| clinical and serological evidence of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in st. lucia. | one hundred fifty-nine holstein calves were imported into st. lucia from the u.s.a. an outbreak of babesiosis occurred 17 days post-arrival, and an outbreak of anaplasmosis occurred 5 months after importation. sera obtained 3, 6, and 12 months post-importation revealed a high prevalence of ifa titres to babesia bovis and b. bigemina 3 months after arrival and an increase in titres to anaplasma marginale 6 months after arrival. sera obtained from native cattle from several places on the island in ... | 1982 | 6753317 |
| acute anaplasmosis in imported cattle. | of 18 hereford cattle imported into quebec from the eastern u.s.a., five exhibited acute hemolytic anemia, icterus, depression, fever, anorexia and died; 11 were killed because they had positive or suspicious anaplasma titers and two were quarantined. anaplasma marginale organisms were found in the erythrocytes of the sick animals by light and electron microscopy. the partial absence of erythrocytic plasmalemma on several electron photomicrographs suggested exit of the anaplasma bodies. titers u ... | 1982 | 17422202 |
| [distribution of piroplasma and anaplasma marginale in calves in burundi]. | 1983 | 6419686 | |
| demonstration of anaplasma marginale in hemolymph of dermacentor andersoni by animal inoculation and by fluorescent-antibody technique. | hemolymph was collected from adult dermacentor andersoni stiles that had been infected with anaplasma marginale theiler as nymphs. before hemolymph was collected, the adult ticks were either incubated and unfed at 37 c for 2.5 days or fed for 6 days on sheep. hemolymph collected from groups of 100 ticks was inoculated into susceptible splenectomized calves. smears of hemolymph from the same groups of ticks were prepared for examination by fluorescent antibody technique. hemolymph from incubated ... | 1983 | 6346968 |
| infectivity virulence and immunogenicity of anaplasma centrale live blood vaccine. | cross-bred bos taurus calves, aged between 6 and 8 months, were inoculated with the onderstepoort anaplasma centrale live blood vaccine. one group of 15 calves were inoculated once only, while a 2nd group of 15 were revaccinated 6 months later. all the animals were challenged with approximately 1 x 10(10) anaplasma marginale parasites of a known virulent strain 8 months after the first vaccination. the results of blood smear examination and the card agglutination test indicated that only 20 out ... | 1983 | 6348636 |
| ultrastructural aspects of intraerythrocytic development of a venezuelan strain of anaplasma marginale. | blood samples from splenectomized calves infected with a venezuelan strain of anaplasma marginale were studied by electron microscope. a. marginale appears to invade erythrocytes by the invagination of the host cell plasma membrane. the parasite reproduces by binary or multiple fission, changing from a rounded to an irregularly polyhedral form during and after division. the mature anaplasma, within the host red cell modifies the erythrocytes cytoplasma and external membrane producing pores throu ... | 1983 | 6845418 |
| comparison of proteins synthesized by two different isolates of anaplasma marginale. | we present results on the initial definition of proteins synthesized by two isolates of anaplasma marginale. bovine erythrocytes infected with a. marginale were radioactively labeled with [35s]methionine or a 3h-amino acid mixture during short-term in vitro culture. the labeled proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. this technique revealed protein bands of various apparent molecular weights from less than 14,000 to greater than 200,000. the bands obs ... | 1983 | 6852911 |
| influence of parasitemia level at feeding on development of anaplasma marginale theiler in dermacentor andersoni stiles. | four splenectomized dairy calves were inoculated with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale theiler and served as an infective source (donor) for laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni stiles nymphs. two donor calves developed higher parasitemias during tick feeding than did the 2 other donor calves. one month after molting, adult ticks were incubated at 37 c for 2.5 days to stimulate development of colonies of a marginale, and homogenates of gut were made from ticks fed on each donor calf. ... | 1983 | 6869951 |
| bovine anaplasmosis: elimination of the carrier state with injectable long-acting oxytetracycline. | long-acting oxytetracycline was administered intramuscularly (20 mg/kg) at 3-day intervals to each of 16 naturally infected anaplasma marginale carrier beef cows; 8 of the 16 cows were given 3 injections and the other 8 cows were given 4 injections. four cows seropositive for a marginale served as untreated controls. rapid card agglutination and complement fixation tests were performed 5 times during the 130-day posttreatment period. all treated cows became negative to both serologic procedures, ... | 1983 | 6874524 |
| effects and use of a modified live anaplasma marginale vaccine in beef heifers in california. | eighty-one 11-month-old, nonpregnant, anaplasma marginale-seronegative beef heifers were allotted to 2 groups for evaluation of a modified live a marginale vaccine (n = 50 for vaccinated group and n = 31 for nonvaccinated group). the vaccine induced a mild form of anaplasmosis, as evidenced by a significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in the packed cell volume (pcv) between days 31 and 46 after vaccination. the lowest pcv was 11%, and 3 heifers had a pcv less than 20%. slight lethargy was eviden ... | 1983 | 6874525 |
| acquired cellular responsiveness in cattle cleared of anaplasma marginale 28 months earlier. | the leukocyte migration inhibition test (lmit) was used to assess cell-mediated immune responses of cattle against anaplasma marginale. leukocytes from 7 of 11 cows that had been cleared of the carrier state by antibiotic therapy 28 months earlier were inhibited from their normal migration by a. marginale antigens (p less than 0.001). after reexposure to virulent organisms, all animals were positive to the lmit. there was not a significant relationship (r = 0.49) between lmit values before and a ... | 1983 | 6612989 |
| development of colonies of anaplasma marginale in the gut of incubated dermacentor andersoni. | 1983 | 6625314 | |
| prevalence of antibodies to anaplasma marginale in cattle from various african biotopes in central morocco, north cameroon and southeastern zaïre. | 1983 | 6650023 | |
| demonstration of colonies of anaplasma marginale in the midgut of rhipicephalus simus. | rhipicephalus simus nymphs were allowed to feed on a cow experimentally infected with the bw-strain of anaplasma marginale from republic of south africa, and they were studied as adults. colonies were demonstrated by light microscopy in midgut epithelial cells of adult ticks that were unfed (as adults), incubated, or prefed for 72 hours on a cow. the colonies occurred in 5 different morphologic types (1 to 5) that were similar to those described previously for a virginia isolate of a marginale i ... | 1983 | 6660614 |
| observations on anaplasmosis following field exposure to heavy and light infestations with boophilus microplus. | two groups of normandy calves were exposed to heavy (mean half body count = greater than 300) or light (mean half body count = 9) natural infestations with boophilus microplus. all of the calves became infected with anaplasma marginale. despite the difference in tick challenge level, there was no significant difference in the incubation period, increase in body temperature, level or duration of anaplasma parasitemia, decrease in packed cell volume, or complement-fixing antibody response, between ... | 1983 | 6685402 |
| the use of tick transmission by boophilus microplus to isolate pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale from cattle with mixed infections. | pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale were isolated from cattle infected with all 3 species as well as theileria sp. and eperythrozoon teganodes, using only transmission by the tick, boophilus microplus. unengorged adult ticks transferred to susceptible cattle transmitted a. marginale, but not babesia. engorged adults gave rise to progeny that transmitted babesia, b. bovis by larvae and b. bigemina by male ticks. the theileria and e. teganodes were not transmitt ... | 1983 | 6686384 |
| immune responses of calves antigenically stimulated and challenge exposed with anaplasma marginale during tick infestation or treatment with dexamethasone. | similar anamnestic antibody responses to a 2nd injection of a anaplasma marginale vaccinal antigen were observed in calves infested with the tick dermacentor albipictus and in tick-free calves. when challenge exposure of these calves to virulent a marginale was done, infestation with the tick boophilus microplus increased anemia (p less than 0.01), but did not suppress antibody production to a marginale or increase parasitemia. none of the vaccinated calves, regardless of infestation, experience ... | 1984 | 6711969 |
| anaplasma infections in wild and domestic ruminants: a review. | anaplasma marginale can be transmitted, will grow and can survive in a large number of domestic and wild animals. it is pathogenic in cattle, and usually produces nonapparent or mild infections in other species. anaplasma marginale has been recovered from cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), pronghorn (antilocapra americana americana), rocky ... | 1984 | 6716555 |
| response of cattle upon reexposure to anaplasma marginale after elimination of chronic carrier infections. | sixteen cattle serotest-negative for anaplasmosis with either no previous exposure (2 animals) or cleared 8 months earlier of their carrier state by chemotherapy (14 animals) were each exposed to anaplasma marginale. anaplasma serotest titers were determined by complement-fixation and rapid card agglutination tests conducted during a 63-day trial period. serologic reactions indicated that all cattle (both groups) were converted to seropositive by the 21st day after exposure. fluctuations in pcv ... | 1984 | 6731981 |
| immune serum against anaplasma marginale initial bodies neutralizes infectivity for cattle. | the first demonstration of immune serum-mediated neutralization of anaplasma marginale and identification of the involved surface antigens is presented. anaplasma marginale initial bodies were purified from parasitized erythrocytes by using ultrasonic disruption and differential centrifugation. the initial bodies were morphologically intact, as determined by electron microscopy, were not agglutinated by anti-bovine erythrocyte sera, and were infective. sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel e ... | 1984 | 6736645 |
| comparison of blood smear and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques in detection of haemoparasite infections in trade cattle in nigeria. | the incidence of blood parasites in trade cattle was surveyed with emphasis on tick-borne parasites, using blood smears and immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) techniques. with the blood smear method, about 9 and 8.9% of cattle examined were found positive for babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale, respectively. percentage infections with other parasites were 3.33, 1.92, 0.75, 0.75 and 0.58, respectively, for babesia bovis, trypanosoma brucei, anaplasma centrale, eperythrozoon and theileria spec ... | 1984 | 6369761 |
| serologic comparisons of 4 anaplasma isolates as measured by the complement-fixation test. | anaplasma marginale isolated from virginia ( vam ), from north texas ( ntam ), from florida (fam), and anaplasma ovis from idaho were used in these trials. complement-fixation antigens from each of the 4 isolates were used to compare complement-fixing antibody titers of 10 cattle infected with vam , 17 with fam, and 6 with ntam . strong cross-reactions occurred with all antigens and sera. the homologous system generally showed higher average antibody titers. the serum antibody titers occurring w ... | 1984 | 6203210 |
| common and isolate-restricted antigens of anaplasma marginale detected with monoclonal antibodies. | anaplasma marginale-infected erythrocytes were examined for the presence of maturation, isolate-restricted, and isolate-common antigens by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. a panel of 18 monoclonal antibodies was used; none of the antibodies reacted with anaplasma ovis, babesia bigemina, babesia bovis, trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma congolense, or uninfected bovine erythrocytes. antigens common to all six a. marginale isolates were detected by nine antibodies. single isola ... | 1984 | 6205996 |
| a rapid staining procedure for anaplasma marginale in bovine erythrocytes. | a commercial product that stains cells in less than 1 minute was compared with the giemsa and the wright-giemsa methods for detection of the intraerythrocytic parasite, anaplasma marginale, in bovine blood smears. the total number of a marginale-infected erythrocytes detected in 5 microscope fields of 18 different samples was determined for each staining procedure. in samples where less than 2% to greater than 25% of the rbc were infected, statistical analysis of the data indicated that the rapi ... | 1984 | 6208825 |
| observations on blood-borne parasites of domestic livestock in the lower juba region of somalia. | the commonest parasite to be found in blood of cattle in the lower juba region is theileria mutans. antibodies against trypanosoma spp. and anaplasma marginale could be detected serologically whereas no antibodies against t. parva and t. annulata were present. a list of ticks collected between 1980 and 1982 in the above mentioned area shows that vectors of t. mutans are common. as the cattle throughout the region are indigenous somali boran it seems that endemic stability is maintained and morta ... | 1984 | 6441324 |
| the effect of anaplasma marginale on the glycolytic pathway in bovine erythrocytes. | the glycolytic process in non-infected and a. marginale-infected bovine erythrocytes was studied. the study included four enzymes: hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvic kinase and lactic dehydrogenase, and the intracellular concentrations of glucose, atp and 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid (dpg). the activities of phosphofructokinase and lactic dehydrogenase found in non-infected bovine erythrocytes were fifty times greater than the previously reported values. glucose and dpg concentrations, hexok ... | 1984 | 6236033 |
| serological evidence of exposure to anaplasma marginale in nigerian one-humped camels. | 1984 | 6464312 | |
| epidemiology of tick-borne diseases of cattle in zimbabwe. ii. anaplasmosis. | a survey on the incidence of antibodies to anaplasma marginale in one- to three-year-old cattle was carried out in zimbabwe using the capillary tube agglutination test. antibodies were detected in all but one of 118 batches of sera collected from different localities throughout the country. there was no clear relationship between the frequency of occurrence of positive serological reactors, which was similar in both commercial and communal farming areas, and the incidence of clinical anaplasmosi ... | 1984 | 6485099 |
| demonstration of the inclusion appendage of anaplasma marginale in nymphal dermacentor andersoni. | dermacentor andersoni nymphs were placed in stockinettes and allowed to feed on a splenectomized calf with experimentally induced anaplasmosis when the parasitemia was 3%-5%. nymphs were selected on each of the 6 days of feeding and every 5 days from repletion through molting to the adult stage (25 days postrepletion); they were killed and midgut tissues were processed and examined by light and electron microscopies. no stages of a marginale were seen in tissues of feeding ticks. visualization o ... | 1984 | 6497136 |
| the elimination of anaplasma marginale from carrier cattle by treatment with long acting oxytetracycline. | 1984 | 6517790 | |
| studies on ticks of veterinary importance in nigeria. xi. observations on the biology of ticks detached from the red-flanked duiker (cephamophys rufulatus) and parasites encountered in their blood. | some aspects of the biology of amblyomma variegatum and boophilus decorolatus detached from red-flanked duikers were studied. smears were also made from the blood of the duikers and examined for the presence of parasites. anaplasma marginale was the only blood parasite found in the blood smears. compared with ticks detached from cattle, duiker ticks produced a greater number of eggs. the lengths and breadths of eggs produced by duiker ticks were greater than those of cattle ticks and unlike a. v ... | 1984 | 6538723 |
| serologic and clinical responses of premunized, vaccinated, and previously infected cattle to challenge exposure by two different anaplasma marginale isolates. | two anaplasma marginale isolates, one originating in florida (fam) and the other from virginia (vam), were compared immunologically by cross-challenge exposure of 14 anaplasma carrier cattle, 8 previously infected cattle, and 6 splenectomized carrier calves. in addition, 28 cattle vaccinated with a commercially available adjuvant killed vaccine and 22 nonvaccinated cattle were challenge exposed with either fam or vam. a detectable clinical response was not produced by either fam or vam challenge ... | 1984 | 6084430 |
| morphology of colonies of anaplasma marginale in nymphal dermacentor andersoni. | colonies of anaplasma marginale theiler were studied in midgut epithelial cells of nymphal dermacentor andersoni stiles that had become infected by feeding on splenectomized calves with anaplasmosis. colonies of a marginale were not observed in nymphal ticks killed during the 6-day feeding period, but were present in sections of midgut epithelial cells of ticks killed as early as 5 days after repletion. colonies of a marginale also were present in ticks examined throughout development to the adu ... | 1984 | 24049913 |
| direct observations of responses of mesenteric microcirculation of the rat to circulating noradrenaline. | the responses of mesenteric microcirculation of the rat to circulating noradrenaline were studied by in vivo microscopy, using a photo-electric device placed on a television monitor to measure changes in diameter of individual vessels. blood flow was measured in the anterior mesenteric artery with an electromagnetic flow transducer, mesenteric vascular conductance was computed on-line from mesenteric artery flow and arterial pressure. i.v. injection of noradrenaline induced a decrease in diamete ... | 1985 | 4078744 |
| binding and internalization of heparin by vascular smooth muscle cells. | previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that heparin specifically inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo and in vitro. in this paper, we examine the binding and mode of internalization of heparin by smooth muscle cells. for these studies, radiolabeled and fluoresceinated (fitc) heparin probes were synthesized that retained their antiproliferative capacity. binding of 3h-heparin to these cells occurs via specific, high-affinity binding sites (kd = 10(-9) m, ... | 1985 | 3930515 |
| comparison of the cytotoxic activities of chemotherapeutic drugs using a human bladder cancer cell line. | many chemotherapeutic drugs have been used to treat patients with advanced bladder cancer, but few of these have been evaluated adequately in phase ii clinical trials. continuous cell lines provide one means for comparing the in vitro cytotoxicities of anticancer agents. in this study, a continuous cell line derived from a transitional cell cancer of the human bladder, which still produces tumours histologically similar to the tumour of origin on xenotransplantation, was used to measure the in v ... | 1985 | 4039488 |
| isolation and purification of amastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi from cultured vero cells. | a method is described for the isolation and purification of the intracellular amastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi from cultured vero cells. host cells were infected with metacyclic forms obtained in grace's medium. six days after infection, the cells wer subjected to treatment with trypsin to obtain the intracellular forms. the parasites were collected and purified by percoll discontinuous gradient centrifugation. | 1985 | 3885604 |
| seroepidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis in venezuela. | the serological prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis in the centro-occidental region of venezuela was determined using the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) and latex agglutination (lat) tests. anaplasma marginale ifa and lat prevalence rates were 57.7 and 48.6% respectively for cattle of all ages and breeds. the respective prevalence of ifa activity to b. bigemina and b. bovis was 78.2 and 38.8%. the lat test specific only for babesia spp. revealed that 61.4% of the animals tested ... | 1985 | 3887703 |
| development of an indirect fluorescent antibody test, using microfluorometry as a diagnostic test for bovine anaplasmosis. | the indirect fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection in cattle was modified for use with microfluorometry. the test was standardized by use of a fluorometer that measures intensity of fluorescence. standardization included a marginale-infected blood smears on microscope slides as antigen, serum from an inoculated calf as a positive control containing specific antibody, and an affinity-purified fluorescein-conjugated anti-bovine immunoglobulin as 2nd antibody. ... | 1985 | 3890629 |
| high-yield preparation of purified anaplasma marginale from infected bovine red blood cells. | purification of anaplasma marginale from infected bovine rbc was achieved through enzyme treatment and density-gradient centrifugation. a relative yield of 41.6% was obtained by dividing the number of organisms in the final purified preparation by the number of a marginale-infected rbc. purified parasites were verified as a marginale by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunologic tests. the purified parasites reacted positively with calf and rabbit anti-a marginale sera in interfacial ... | 1985 | 3898932 |
| transport of 2-deoxy-d-glucose by dissociated brain cells. | the characteristics of glucose transport into dissociated cells from rat brain were determined using [1,2-3h]2-deoxyglucose as substrate. the rate of net uptake exhibited biphasic saturation kinetics with increasing substrate concentration; two values each for km (8.85 and 1.05 mm) and vmax (20.41 +/- 5.99 nmol/min/mg protein) were obtained, indicating the presence of two transport systems. d-glucose competed with [1,2-3h]2-deoxyglucose as shown by increasing degrees of inhibition of uptake of l ... | 1985 | 3899283 |
| in vitro inactivation of tobramycin by cephalosporins. | the in vitro inactivation of tobramycin when combined with each of six cephalosporins in samples of human serum was investigated. each of six cephalosporins (cefazolin sodium, cefoxitin sodium, cefamandole nafate, moxalactam disodium, cefoperazone sodium, and cefotaxime sodium) was added to human serum samples containing tobramycin sulfate 8 micrograms/ml to produce final cephalosporin concentrations of approximately 250 and 1000 micrograms/ml. duplicate solutions were prepared and stored at eit ... | 1985 | 3907338 |
| detection of geographic isolates of anaplasma marginale, using polyclonal bovine antisera and microfluorometry. | geographically separate united states isolates of anaplasma marginale were differentiated, using polyclonal bovine antiserum and microfluorometry. both isolate-common and restricted antigen-specific antibodies were apparent in sera of splenectomized calves after resolution of infection, as judged by the capability of the antisera to recognize heterologous isolate antigens to a lesser extent than homologous antigens. furthermore, absorption of the antisera with homologous antigens removed homolog ... | 1985 | 3907437 |
| modified indirect fluorescent antibody test for the serodiagnosis of anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. | a modified indirect fluorescence antibody technique was used for the serodiagnosis of anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. nonspecific antibodies adherent to infected erythrocytes were removed, using acidic glycine buffer. evans blue was used as a counterstain. | 1985 | 3907438 |
| glutaminyl-trna synthetase of escherichia coli. | 1985 | 3911010 |