Publications

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the nasopharyngeal microbiota of beef cattle before and after transport to a feedlot.the nasopharyngeal (np) microbiota plays an important role in bovine health, comprising a rich and diverse microbial community. the nasopharynx is also the niche for potentially pathogenic agents which are associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd), a serious and costly illness in feedlot cattle. we used 14 beef heifers from a closed and disease-free herd to assess the dynamics of the np microbiota of cattle that are transported to a feedlot. cattle were sampled prior to transport to the f ...201728330466
comparison of the diagnostic performance of bacterial culture of nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained from calves with bovine respiratory disease.objective to compare predictive values, extent of agreement, and gamithromycin susceptibility between bacterial culture results of nasopharyngeal swab (nps) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) samples obtained from calves with bovine respiratory disease (brd). animals 28 beef calves with clinical brd. procedures pooled bilateral nps samples and balf samples were obtained for bacterial culture from calves immediately before and at various times during the 5 days after gamithromycin (6 mg/kg, ...201728240958
identification of a chondroitin synthase from an unexpected source, the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium phaeobacteroides.glycosaminoglycans [gags] are known to be present in all animals as well as some pathogenic microbes. chondroitin sulfate is the most abundant gag in mammals where it has various structural and adhesion roles. the gram-negative bacteria pasteurella multocida type f and escherichia coli k4 produce extracellular capsules composed of unsulfated chondroitin or a fructosylated chondroitin, respectively. such polysaccharides that are structurally related to host molecules do not generally provoke a st ...201728104786
aqueous humor antimicrobial activity: in vitro analysis after topical 0.5% chloramphenicol application.to assess aqueous humor antimicrobial activity in vitro after topical 0.5% chloramphenicol application.201728085501
standard pk/pd concepts can be applied to determine a dosage regimen for a macrolide: the case of tulathromycin in the calf.the pharmacokinetic (pk) profile of tulathromycin, administered to calves subcutaneously at the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg, was established in serum, inflamed (exudate), and noninflamed (transudate) fluids in a tissue cage model. the pk profile of tulathromycin was also established in pneumonic calves. for mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida, tulathromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) were approximately 50 times lower in calf serum than in mueller-hinton broth. the breakpoint va ...201727501187
new interpretive criteria for danofloxacin antibacterial susceptibility testing against mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida associated with bovine respiratory disease.danofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent approved for use in veterinary medicine to treat and control bovine respiratory disease caused by mannheimia haemolytica or pasteurella multocida. susceptible minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) breakpoint (≤0.25 µg/ml) and disk diffusion interpretive criteria (≥22 mm) values for danofloxacin against m. haemolytica and p. multocida were first approved by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) in 2003. however, intermediate ...201728064562
short communication: interaction of the isomers carvacrol and thymol with the antibiotics doxycycline and tilmicosin: in vitro effects against pathogenic bacteria commonly found in the respiratory tract of calves.bovine respiratory disease is the major problem faced by cattle, specially calves, leading to reduced animal performance and increased mortality, consequently causing important economic losses. hence, calves must be submitted to antibiotic therapy to counteract this infection usually initiated by the combination of environmental stress factors and viral infection, altering the animal's defense mechanism, and thus allowing lung colonization by the opportunistic bacteria mannheimia haemolytica and ...201728012625
deciphering upper respiratory tract microbiota complexity in healthy calves and calves that develop respiratory disease using shotgun metagenomics.bovine respiratory disease (brd) is a multifactorial disorder responsible for severe economic losses in dairy and feedlot herds. advances in next-generation sequencing mean that microbial communities in clinical samples, including non-culturable bacteria, can be characterized. our aim was to evaluate the microbiota of the upper respiratory tract of healthy calves and calves with brd using whole-genome sequencing (shotgun metagenomics). we performed deep nasopharyngeal swabs on 16 holstein heifer ...201727988122
pathogens, patterns of pneumonia, and epidemiologic risk factors associated with respiratory disease in recently weaned cattle in ireland.we examined the pathogens, morphologic patterns, and risk factors associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd) in 136 recently weaned cattle ("weanlings"), 6-12 mo of age, that were submitted for postmortem examination to regional veterinary laboratories in ireland. a standardized sampling protocol included routine microbiologic investigations as well as polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. lungs with histologic lesions were categorized into 1 of 5 morphologic patterns of pneu ...201728074713
development of a one-run real-time pcr detection system for pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex.bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is frequently found in cattle worldwide. the etiology of brdc is complicated by infections with multiple pathogens, making identification of the causal pathogen difficult. here, we developed a detection system by applying taqman real-time pcr (dembo respiratory-pcr) to screen a broad range of microbes associated with brdc in a single run. we selected 16 bovine respiratory pathogens (bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine parainfluenza vi ...201728070089
the bovine paranasal sinuses: bacterial flora, epithelial expression of nitric oxide and potential role in the in-herd persistence of respiratory disease pathogens.the bovine paranasal sinuses are a group of complex cavernous air-filled spaces, lined by respiratory epithelium, the exact function of which is unclear. while lesions affecting these sinuses are occasionally reported in cattle, their microbial flora has not been defined. furthermore, given that the various bacterial and viral pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease (brd) persist within herds, we speculated that the paranasal sinuses may serve as a refuge for such infectious agents. the par ...201728282443
pasteurella multocida toxin triggers rankl-independent osteoclastogenesis.bone remodeling is a continuous process to retain the structural integrity and function of the skeleton. a tight coupling is maintained between osteoclast-mediated resorption of old or damaged bones and osteoblast-mediated formation of new bones for bone homeostasis. while osteoblasts differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclasts are hematopoietic in origin and derived from myeloid precursor cells. osteoclast differentiation is driven by two cytokines, cytokine receptor activator of nf- ...201728289415
in vitro activity of pexiganan and 10 comparator antimicrobials against 234 isolates including 93 pasteurella spp. and 50 anaerobic bacteria recovered from animal bite wounds.animal bite wounds affect more than 5 million americans resulting in 300,000 emergency department visits, 10,000 hospitalizations and untold number of physician office visits annually. various forms of topical therapy are empirically self-employed by many patients prior to seeking medical attention. pexiganan, a 22-amino acid synthetic cationic analogue of peptide magainin ii, acts by selectively damaging bacterial cell membranes. we determined the mics for pexiganan and other antimicrobial agen ...201728373186
feeding of waste milk to holstein calves affects antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli and pasteurella multocida isolated from fecal and nasal swabs.the use of milk containing antimicrobial residues in calf feeding programs has been shown to select for resistant fecal escherichia coli in dairy calves. however, information is scarce about the effects of feeding calves waste milk (wm) on the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. the objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of fecal e. coli and nasal pasteurella multocida isolates from calves fed either milk replacer (mr) or wm in 8 commercial dairy f ...201728215892
identification and characterization of a protective antigen, plpb of bovine pasteurella multocida strain lz-pm.the pasteurella multocida lipoprotein b (plpb) was cloned from pasteurella multocida (p. multocida) strain lz-pm (serotype a) and expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli). sequence analysis showed that plpb from different strains of p. multocida exhibited 80.8-99.4% sequence identity to each other, suggesting that plpb might serve as a cross-protective antigen. the purified pcr product of plpb gene consisting of 831 base pairs was inserted into the pet-32a (+) plasmid, and then transferred into e ...201728119019
a case-control study of haemorrhagic septicaemia in buffaloes and cattle in karachi, pakistan, in 2012.a retrospective epidemiological case-control study was performed in karachi, pakistan, from january to april 2013. the owners of 217 dairy cattle and buffalo farms from six different locations in karachi were interviewed. the aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with the presence of haemorrhagic septicaemia (hs). farms with a history of at least one instance of sudden death in a dairy animal during 2012 and a positive clinical hs diagnosis (made by local veterinarians) were d ...201726189329
multiple cortical infarcts complicating pasteurella multocida meningitis. 201728251332
experimental pathogenicity and complete genome characterization of a pig origin pasteurella multocida serogroup f isolate hn07.pasteurella multocida serotype f isolates are predominately prevalent in avian hosts, but rarely seen in pigs. however, we isolated several strains of p. multocida serotype f from clinical samples of pigs in china. to understand the pathogenicity of these strains, one of the serotype f isolates designated hn07, was used to challenge experimental chickens, as p. multocida of this serotype is predominately prevalent in avian hosts. however, strain hn07 could not resulted in significant clinical si ...201728062004
the membrane localization domains of two distinct bacterial toxins form a 4-helix-bundle in solution.membrane localization domain (mld) was first proposed for a 4-helix-bundle motif in the crystal structure of the c1 domain of pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt). this structure motif is also found in the crystal structures of several clostridial glycosylating toxins (tcda, tcdb, tcsl, and tcna). the ras/rap1-specific endopeptidase (rrsp) module of the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxins (martx) toxin produced by vibrio vulnificus has sequence homology to the c1-c2 domains of pmt, inc ...201727977897
virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of pasteurella multocida isolated from poultry and swine.pasteurella multocida causes atrophic rhinitis in swine and fowl cholera in birds, and is a secondary agent in respiratory syndromes. pathogenesis and virulence factors involved are still poorly understood. the aim of this study was to detect 22 virulence-associated genes by pcr, including capsular serogroups a, b and d genes and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of p. multocida strains from poultry and swine. omph, oma87, plpb, psl, exbd-tonb, fur, hgba, nanb, soda, sodc, ptfa were d ...201726887247
expanding glycosaminoglycan chemical space: towards the creation of sulfated analogs, novel polymers and chimeric constructs.glycosaminoglycans (gags) have therapeutic potential in areas ranging from angiogenesis, inflammation, hemostasis and cancer. gag bioactivity is conferred by intrinsic structural features, such as disaccharide composition, glycosidic linkages and sulfation pattern. unfortunately, the in vitro enzymatic synthesis of defined gags is quite restricted by a limited understanding of current gag synthases and modifying enzymes. our work provides insights into gag-active enzymes through the creation of ...201728334971
prevalence of taxa of pasteurellaceae among populations of healthy captive psittacine birds.sixty-two strains of pasteurellaceae-like bacteria were isolated from the tracheas of 87 clinically healthy psittacine birds in two danish zoos. the isolates were identified by a combination of rpob and 16s rrna gene sequencing and by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight. twenty-eight strains belonged to the genus volucribacter or were related to this genus and to the unnamed taxon 34 of bisgaard, and 28 strains were related to the unnamed taxon 44 of bisgaard. four strains ...201728301245
an unusual case of meningitis.pasteurella multocida is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis. a 56-year-old man with several pets developed a profoundly decreased level of consciousness following left tympanomastoidectomy. lumbar puncture produced cerebrospinal fluid with the typical findings of meningitis (low glucose, high protein, high leukocytes). cultures from the cerebrospinal fluid and a swab of the left ear revealed gram-negative coccobacillus identified as p multocida. the organism was sensitive to ceftriaxone, ampic ...201726236360
pasteurella species peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: household pets as a risk factor.pasteurella species are gram-negative coccobacilli that are a part of the normal oropharyngeal flora of numerous domestic animals. they have been recognized as a rare but significant cause of peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (pd). a consensus about management strategies for pd-associated peritonitis caused by pasteurella species currently does not exist.201725798157
pasteurella multocida non-native joint infection after a dog lick: a case report describing a complicated two-stage revision and a comprehensive review of the literature.prosthetic joint infections (pjis) are commonly caused by pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci; however, other microbial etiologies and specific risk factors are increasingly recognized. pasteurella multocida is a gram-negative coccobacillus that is part of the normal oral flora in many animals, and is particularly common in dogs and cats. pjis caused by p multocida have been reported only rarely in the literature and typically occur in the context of an a ...201726361490
occurrence of pasteurella multocida among pigs with respiratory disease in china between 2011 and 2015.prior to the 1990s, p. multocida capsular serogroup a was the most prevalent in china, followed by serogroups b and d. thirty years later, serogroup d became the most prevalent, followed by serogroups a and b. however, the p. multocida capsular serogroups currently circulating in china remain unclear. therefore, the aim of the present study was to provide an update on p. multocida serogroups isolated from diagnostic samples collected from clinically diseased pigs in central and eastern china fro ...201728078081
evaluation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some common herbs.the study was designed to evaluate the phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of onion (allium cepa), garlic (allium sativum), mint (mentha spicata), thyme (thymus vulgaris), oak (quercus), aloe vera (aloe barbadensis miller), and ginger (zingiber officinale). all extracts showed a wide range of total phenolic contents, that is, 4.96 to 98.37 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalents, and total flavonoid contents, that is, 0.41 to 17.64 mg/100 g catechin equivalents. an ...201728316626
how respiratory pathogens contribute to lamb mortality in a poorly performing bighorn sheep ( ovis canadensis ) herd.we evaluated bighorn sheep ( ovis canadensis ) ewes and their lambs in captivity to examine the sources and roles of respiratory pathogens causing lamb mortality in a poorly performing herd. after seven consecutive years of observed december recruitments of <10%, 13 adult female bighorn sheep from the remnant gribbles park herd in colorado, us were captured and transported to the thorne-williams wildlife research center in wyoming in march 2013. ewes were sampled repeatedly over 16 mo. in april ...201727690193
survey of susceptibility to marbofloxacin in bacteria isolated from diseased pigs in europe.a monitoring programme of marbofloxacin susceptibility of bacteria from europe causing respiratory tract infection and meningitis in pigs has been active since 1994 and 2002, respectively. monitoring digestive, metritis and urinary tract infection (uti) in pigs has been active since 2005 and susceptibility results until 2013 are presented. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined by broth microdilution. for mic interpretation, vétoquinol-evaluated breakpoints were applied. for diges ...201728348142
rapid and sensitive detection of mycoplasma synoviae by an insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction-based assay on a field-deployable device.mycoplasma synoviae (ms), causing respiratory diseases, arthritis, and eggshell apex abnormalities in avian species, is an important pathogen in the poultry industry. implementation of a biosecurity plan is important in ms infection management. working on a field-deployable pockit™ device, an insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (iipcr) assay has a potential for timely ms detection on the farm. the ms iipcr assay had limit of detection 95% of about 9 genome equivalents by testing seria ...201727389062
a serosurvey of greater sage-grouse ( centrocercus urophasianus ) in nevada, usa.to better understand the potential avian diseases in greater sage-grouse ( centrocercus urophasianus ) in the great basin in nevada, us, we collected 31 blood samples march-april 2014 and tested for antibodies to eight viruses and two bacteria. specifically, sera were tested for antibodies to avian leukosis virus type a, b, and j (alv-a, alv-b, and alv-j, respectively), infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, reticuloendothelial virus, avian influenza virus (aiv), west nile ...201727705104
metabolic engineering of bacillus subtilis for biosynthesis of heparosan using heparosan synthase from pasteurella multocida, pmhs1.heparosan, the capsular polysaccharide discovered in many pathogenic bacteria, is a promising material for heparin preparation. in this study, the pasteurella multocida heparosan synthase 1 (pmhs1) module was used to synthesize heparosan with controlled molecular weight, while tuad/gtab module or gcad module was responsible for udp-precursors production in bacillus subtilis 168. after metabolic pathway optimization, the yield of heparosan was as high as 237.6 mg/l in strain containing pmhs1 modu ...201728120124
factors influencing the potency of marbofloxacin for pig pneumonia pathogens actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida.for the pig respiratory tract pathogens, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida, minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of marbofloxacin was determined in recommended broths and pig serum at three inoculum strengths. mics in both growth matrices increased progressively from low, through medium to high starting inoculum counts, 10(4), 10(6) and 10(8)cfu/ml, respectively. p. multocida mic ratios for high:low inocula were 14:4:1 for broth and 28.2:1 for serum. corresponding mic r ...201728113129
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration and modelling of oxytetracycline for the porcine pneumonia pathogens actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida.pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) integration and modelling were used to predict dosage schedules of oxytetracycline for two pig pneumonia pathogens, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and mutant prevention concentration (mpc) were determined in broth and porcine serum. pk/pd integration established ratios of average concentration over 48 h (cav0-48 h )/mic of 5.87 and 0.27 μg/ml (p. multocida) and 0.70 and 0.85 μg/ml (a. pleur ...201728090673
potency of marbofloxacin for pig pneumonia pathogens actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida: comparison of growth media.pharmacodynamic properties of marbofloxacin were established for six isolates each of the pig respiratory tract pathogens, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. three in vitro indices of potency were determined; minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) and mutant prevention concentration (mpc). for mic determination clinical laboratory standards institute guidelines were modified in three respects: (1) comparison was made between two g ...201727940285
systemic granulomatous and haemorrhagic syndrome in new zealand dairy cattle.cases were obtained through passive surveillance reporting by veterinary pathologists, via the ministry for primary industries exotic pest and disease hotline. they included ill or dead cows that had evidence of frank haemorrhage, petechial haemorrhages on mucous membranes, wasting or dermatitis of unknown cause, and were reported between 2009-2014. affected cows (n=16) were from nine seasonally calving dairy farms, aged ≥3 years, and were predominantly in their mid-to-late non-lactating period. ...201728147208
what is the true in vitro potency of oxytetracycline for the pig pneumonia pathogens actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida?the pharmacodynamics of oxytetracycline was determined for pig respiratory tract pathogens, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. indices of potency were determined for the following: (i) two matrices, broth and pig serum; (ii) five overlapping sets of twofold dilutions; and (iii) a high strength starting culture. for a. pleuropneumoniae, minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was similar for the two matrices, but for p. multocida, differences were marked and significantly d ...201728101885
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