Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| comparison of hemagglutinin and agglutinin schemes for the serological classification of haemophilus paragallinarum and proposal of a new hemagglutinin serovar. | ninety-five isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum were classified serologically by a hemagglutinin serotyping scheme, and the results were compared with results from agglutinin serotyping of the same isolates. of the isolates, 65 were from australia, 5 were from japan, 6 were from the federal republic of germany, 7 were from the united states, and 12 were from south africa. seven hemagglutinin serovars, ha-1 to ha-7, corresponding to agglutinin serovars a (ha-1, ha-2, and ha-3), c (ha-4, ha-5, ... | 1989 | 2768440 |
| hemagglutinating activity and immunological properties of haemophilus paragallinarum field isolates in japan. | four field isolates (s4, s10, s15, and s17) of haemophilus paragallinarum were recovered from chickens affected with infectious coryza in widely separated regions of japan. their hemagglutinating (ha) activity and immunological properties were compared with those of strain 221 of serovar a/1 and strains modesto and s1 of serovar c/2. when treated with potassium thiocyanate or hyaluronidase, all the isolates showed ha activity against formaldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes but not against fresh ... | 1989 | 2775098 |
| whole-cell protein profiles of haemophilus paragallinarum as detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | the soluble whole-cell protein profiles of 15 isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum were examined using standardized sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the patterns were reproducible and the isolates were similar overall. despite this similarity, two protein profile types were recognized. | 1989 | 2930398 |
| [implantation of porous hydroxyapatite into periodontal bony defects]. | the purpose of the present report was to evaluate on a clinical and histological level the effect of hydroxylapatite (ha)--interpore 200--implanted into various types of periodontal defects. additionally in-vitro studies with enzymatically released calvarial cells from fetal rats were performed in the organoid culture system. the clinical data 12 months after surgery revealed a greater reduction of probing depths (pd) and gain of attachment level in the implanted sites (59 sites) when compared t ... | 1989 | 2562020 |
| the avian haemophili. | there are four currently recognized taxa to accommodate the avian haemophili: haemophilus paragallinarum, pasteurella avium, pasteurella volantium, and pasteurella species a (the last three being formerly united as haemophilus avium). a range of other taxa has also been recognized, but they have been neither named nor assigned to a genus. all of these various taxa, legitimate and otherwise, have the common characteristic of requiring v factor, but not x factor, for in vitro growth. several recen ... | 1989 | 2670190 |
| biotyping of haemophilus paragallinarum isolates using hemagglutinin serotyping, carbohydrate fermentation patterns, and antimicrobial drug resistance patterns. | three techniques, a hemagglutinin (ha) serotyping scheme, carbohydrate fermentation patterns, and antimicrobial drug resistance patterns, were used to examine 92 isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum. the results were used to create biotyping schemes. the carbohydrate fermentation and antimicrobial drug resistance patterns each resulted in the identification of five biovars. with both of these techniques, a large majority of the isolates fell into one biovar: 81% were biochemical biovar i and 7 ... | 1989 | 2673189 |
| serological classification of japanese isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum using two serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies. | a serological classification of 106 japanese isolates of haemophilus paragalinarum recovered from 1960 to 1984 was performed by dot-blotting and hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests using two serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs), e5c12d10 and f2e6. by the dot-blotting test, 49 of the isolates were serovar a and 55 isolates were serovar c, and the two remaining isolates did not react with either mab. these two nontypable strains had no hemagglutinating activity against chicken erythroc ... | 1990 | 2369375 |
| evaluation of two monoclonal antibodies for serotyping haemophilus paragallinarum. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were evaluated for their ability to serotype 108 isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum. one mab (e5c12d10) was raised against a page serovar a strain and the other (f2e6) against a page serovar c strain. in both dot blot and hemagglutination-inhibition tests, mab e5c12d10 recognized the type strains of page serovar a and kume serovars a-1, a-2, a-3, and a-4. mab f2e6 recognized the type strains of page serovar c and kume serovars c-1, c-2, and c-3. neither antib ... | 1990 | 2282016 |
| outer-membrane proteins of haemophilus paragallinarum. | the outer-membrane protein (omp) profiles of four isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum (0083, 0222, modesto, and hp31) were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. omps were isolated by sonic disruption followed by differential centrifugation and selective solubilization in triton x-100. although the isolates had similar profiles overall, two distinct omp profile types, based on the variable molecular weight of a protein termed omp c (39,000 or 38,000), were foun ... | 1990 | 2282017 |
| characterization and use of monoclonal antibodies to identify haemophilus paragallinarum serovars. | two serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to haemophilus paragallinarum serovars a/1 and c/2 strains, respectively, were developed and characterized by hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and dot-blotting tests using representative h. paragallinarum serovars a/1, b, and c/2 strains. in both the hi and dot-blotting tests, one mab (e5c12d10), raised against strain 221, serovar a/1, reacted only with serovar a/1 strains, while the other mab (f2e6), raised against strain s1 of serovar c/2, reac ... | 1990 | 2138887 |
| spontaneous fusion between splenocytes and myeloma cells induced by bacterial immunization. | spontaneous fusion between lymphoid and carcinoma cells in vivo has been described previously. splenocytes from mice treated with lps or mitogen have been reported to fuse better with myeloma cells using peg as fusion agent than splenocytes from untreated mice. we report a phenomenon where immunization of mice with formalin treated, whole haemophilus paragallinarum bacteria induced spontaneous fusion of splenocytes with myeloma cells in vitro, without the aid of any fusion agent. co-immunization ... | 1990 | 2258187 |
| infectious coryza in meat chickens in the san joaquin valley of california. | two cases of infectious coryza in meat chickens are reported. the first case involved 6-week-old broiler chickens in which only haemophilus paragallinarum was isolated. the second case involved 11-week-old roaster chickens in which h. paragallinarum and mycoplasma synoviae were isolated. both farms were in close proximity to layer-chicken farms where infectious coryza had been previously diagnosed. in both cases, only certain houses on the farm were affected, and mortality in these houses increa ... | 1990 | 2282006 |
| pathogenicity and serovar-specific hemagglutinating antigens of haemophilus paragallinarum serovar b strains. | the pathogenicity and presence of serovar-specific hemagglutinating (ha) antigens of haemophilus paragallinarum serovar b reference strains 0222 and spross and field isolates 24268 and 24317 were investigated. chickens challenged with all strains except strain 0222 showed clinical signs of infectious coryza. for all four strains, challenged chickens had intrasinus lesions and were colonized by the challenge organism. before and after hyaluronidase treatment, strains 0222, 24268, and 24317 showed ... | 1990 | 2149263 |
| our understanding of the pasteurellaceae. | with the exception of a few consistent pathogens--pasteurella multocida strains of bovine hemorrhagic septicemia and fowl cholera, actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae, haemophilus aegyptius and haemophilus paragallinarum--members of the family pasteurellaceae are commensal parasites on mucous membranes of vertebrate animals. many have pathogenic potential, which becomes manifest under conditions of immunodeficiency and stress. pathogenesis (except in porcine atrophic rhinitis) depends ... | 1990 | 2193710 |
| epidemiologic studies on infectious coryza outbreaks in northern new south wales, australia, using serotyping, biotyping, and chromosomal dna restriction endonuclease analysis. | the epidemiology of 16 cases of infectious coryza, an upper respiratory tract disease of chickens caused by haemophilus paragallinarum, was investigated in a retrospective study. the cases occurred over a 14-month period on 10 farms in northern new south wales. the available field data indicated that the cases formed six unrelated outbreaks. the 16 isolates of h. paragallinarum were subjected to serotyping by the page and kume schemes and biotyping based on carbohydrate fermentation and antimicr ... | 1990 | 2196042 |
| proposal of a new serovar and altered nomenclature for haemophilus paragallinarum in the kume hemagglutinin scheme. | by using the kume hemagglutinin serotyping scheme, 13 australian isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum were shown to constitute a new serovar within the presently termed serogroup ii. because of the likelihood that new serovars will continue to be established, we propose a rationalization of the nomenclature of the kume scheme. under this altered scheme, the three recognized serogroups i, ii, and iii are renamed a, c, and b, respectively. within each of the serogroups, the serovars are numbered ... | 1990 | 2199492 |
| serotyping of haemophilus paragallinarum by the page scheme: comparison of the use of agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. | seventy-two isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum were serotyped according to the page scheme, using a new hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test. the results were compared with the plate agglutination method conventionally used in the page scheme. the hi test used washed cells of h. paragallinarum, glutaraldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes, and rabbit antisera originally produced for the agglutination method. for 49 of the isolates, there was complete correlation between the results of the hi s ... | 1990 | 2241694 |
| characterization of two new monoclonal antibodies against haemophilus paragallinarum serovar c hemagglutinating antigen. | two new monoclonal antibodies (mabs), d6d8d5 and b3e6f9, both directed against haemophilus paragallinarum serovar c hemagglutinating (ha) antigen, were produced, and characteristics of the mabs were compared with those of the previously described mab f2e6 in dot-blot and hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests using two representative h. paragallinarum strains each of serovars a, b, and c strains and 55 japanese serovar c field isolates. mab d6d8d5 and mab f2e6 reacted with all serovar c strains ... | 1990 | 2282021 |
| expression of hemagglutinin of haemophilus paragallinarum serotype a in escherichia coli. | the genomic dna of haemophilus paragallinarum (hpg) serotype a strain 221 was cloned into vector plasmid pbr322. the recombinant plasmids were introduced into escherichia coli (e. coli) strain c600. subsequently, a total of 277 transformants were obtained. one, designated strain no. 6, expressed hemagglutination activity against chicken erythrocytes. strain no. 6 contained the recombinant plasmid pnv102, and dna of about 2.57 kb was inserted into pnv102. when strain no. 6 was cured of pnv102, th ... | 1991 | 1836382 |
| comparison of haemophilus paragallinarum isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal dna. | chromosomal dna from haemophilus paragallinarum was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) using the enzymes bamhi, ecori, hindiii, or smai. the enzyme smai had no apparent effect upon the dna from eight representative h. paragallinarum isolates. the remaining enzymes cut the h. paragallinarum dna to varying degrees, with the most useful patterns for distinguishing isolates being given by hindiii. the rea patterns given by hindiii were stable under both in vitro and in vivo conditio ... | 1991 | 2048281 |
| preparation and use of an autogenous bacterin against infectious coryza in chickens. | an experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of an autogenous bacterin against infectious coryza from a local strain of haemophilus paragallinarum in morocco compared with a commercial vaccine. hens were vaccinated with a single dose or two doses of the bacterin at 15 and 18 weeks of age. both the autogenous and the commercial vaccine conferred significant protection against experimental challenge (94% and 88%, respectively). a single dose was less protective with both vaccines. | 1991 | 1803720 |
| survey of infectious coryza of chickens in indonesia. | a survey of infectious coryza of chickens was performed in west jawa of indonesia between 1987 to 1988 by the detection of hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody against haemophilus paragallinarum (hpg) in non-vaccinated healthy laying (12 farms, 196 chickens) and native (8 farms, 197 chickens) chickens. hi antibodies against hpg were detected not only in the native chickens but also in the laying chickens, regardless of the district, and were observed in 70% (14/20) of farms and 19% (73/393) ... | 1991 | 1834206 |
| an evaluation of the cross-protection afforded by inactivated infectious coryza vaccines. | the cross-protection afforded by three inactivated infectious coryza vaccines was evaluated. each vaccine contained one of the following strains of haemophilus paragallinarum, hp31, hp60 and hp14. strain hp31 belongs to kume serovar c-2, strain hp60 belongs to kume serovar c-4 while strain hp14 belongs to kume serovar a-4. four groups of twenty six-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were either given a single dose of an aluminium-hydroxide based vaccine (three groups) or left as unvaccinat ... | 1991 | 1835373 |
| the hgai restriction-modification system contains two cytosine methylase genes responsible for modification of different dna strands. | a dna fragment of about 3.4 kilobase pairs that expressed the hgai modification activity was cloned from the chromosomal dna of haemophilus gallinarum, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. two open reading frames (orf) which could code for structurally similar proteins were identified in the upstream and middle regions and a truncated orf in the downstream region in the same orientation. when the respective orfs were separately cloned, the clones carrying the upstream and middle orfs both ... | 1991 | 1856224 |
| production, characterization and protective effect of monoclonal antibodies to haemophilus paragallinarum serotype a. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to haemophilus paragallinarum serotype a were obtained by fusion of murine myeloma cells (p3-x63-ag8-u1) and spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with whole cells of strain 221. enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with whole cells was used to show that the monoclonal antibodies are specific for serotype a of h. paragallinarum. four monoclonal antibodies indicated hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) activity against serotype a; their titers were 10(4)-10(5). by western ... | 1991 | 1715621 |
| immunogenicity of haemophilus paragallinarum serovar b strains. | immunogenicity of three haemophilus paragallinarum serovar b strains was investigated in cross-protection tests using monovalent vaccines prepared from the b strains, as well as one strain each of serovars a and c. a bivalent vaccine composed of the serovar a and c strains also was used. in the studies with the monovalent vaccines, the immunogenicity of serovar b strains was different from that of serovar a and c strains, although only partial serovar b-specific protection with the three strains ... | 1991 | 1838478 |
| evaluation of a panel of monoclonal antibodies in the subtyping of haemophilus paragallinarum. | a panel of four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was evaluated, using a hemagglutination-inhibition test, for its ability to subtype 76 isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum. the results of the mab reactions were compared with the results of both the page and kume serotyping schemes (the serovars of the page scheme correspond to the serogroups of the kume scheme). one mab (e5c12d10) was raised against a page serovar a strain and the remaining mabs (f2e6, d6d8d5, and b3e6f9) against a page serovar c ... | 1991 | 1786026 |
| an evaluation of inactivated infectious coryza vaccines containing a double-emulsion adjuvant system. | the efficacy of experimental inactivated infectious coryza vaccines produced by a commercial vaccine manufacturer was evaluated. the vaccines, containing as the adjuvant phase either a double-emulsion mineral oil system or aluminum-hydroxide gel, were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single dose. some vaccines were a monovalent product containing a page serovar c haemophilus paragallinarum strain, and others were a bivalent product containing both page serovar a and serovar c strains. af ... | 1992 | 1417593 |
| correlation between the ability of haemophilus paragallinarum to acquire ovotransferrin-bound iron and the expression of ovotransferrin-specific receptors. | to investigate the mechanisms of iron acquisition in avian haemophili, strains of haemophilus paragallinarum and h. avium were tested for siderophore production and utilization of transferrin iron for growth. no evidence of siderophore production was detected in either of these species using a functional screening assay. h. paragallinarum, but not strains of h. avium, was able to acquire iron from 30% saturated chicken and turkey transferrins but not from human, porcine, or bovine transferrins. ... | 1992 | 1417595 |
| efficacy of a trivalent haemophilus paragallinarum vaccine compared to bivalent vaccines. | the efficacy of a trivalent oil-adjuvant coryza vaccine containing serotypes a, b and c of haemophilus paragallinarum has been compared with that of a bivalent oil-adjuvant coryza vaccine containing serotypes a and c and that of a commercially available, bivalent a1(oh)3-potentiated vaccine, containing types a and c. the trivalent vaccine, given at 10 and 17 weeks of age, provided the best protection. even at 55 weeks after booster vaccination, chickens were still significantly protected, follow ... | 1992 | 1514236 |
| occurrence of v-factor (nad) independent strains of haemophilus paragallinarum. | strains of bisgaard taxon 31, isolated from chickens in south africa suffering from a respiratory disease with clinical symptoms and gross lesions similar to infectious coryza, showed great phenotypical similarities with haemophilus paragallinarum infection except for nad requirement, beta-galactosidase activity and maltose fermentation. deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization confirmed a high level of genetic relatedness (dna binding value, 89%) with haemophilus paragallinarum ... | 1992 | 1496809 |
| serotyping of haemophilus paragallinarum isolated in malaysia. | 1992 | 1606267 | |
| spontaneous hybridoma formation induced by immunization with haemophilus paragallinarum: evidence for a lipopolysaccharide fusion inducer. | the phenomenon of spontaneous fusion between myeloma cells and splenocytes from mice immunized with formalin-inactivated haemophilus paragallinarum cells, has been reported on recently (1). the identity and properties of the bacterial inducer of fusogenicity of splenocytes have been further investigated with the aid of a monoclonal antibody vf3 against h. paragallinarum (2), which has a bacterial strain specificity correlating with the ability of the strains to induce spontaneous fusion between ... | 1992 | 1607214 |
| characterization of haemophilus paragallinarum by analysis of whole cell carbohydrates, fatty acids and phospholipids. | the whole cell carbohydrate composition of 20 strains of haemophilus paragallinarum including strains representing all established serotypes and two nad-independent strains, was determined by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. selected strains of h. paragallinarum were analysed for their cellular fatty acids and phospholipids compositions. the gas chromatographic analysis in combination with the mass spectrometric identification of the carbohydrate derivatives revealed similar patterns with al ... | 1992 | 18670922 |
| an upper respiratory disease of commercial chickens resembling infectious coryza, but caused by a v factor-independent bacterium. | from early 1989 the emergence of an infectious bacterial disease resembling infectious coryza was seen in several commercial chicken flocks in natal province of south africa. clinical signs were facial swelling and nasal discharge. an organism was routinely isolated from the infra-orbital sinus or trachea of infected chickens. the organism was found to be a gram-negative rod, non-motile, v factor (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nad)-independent, catalase negative, oxidase positive and urease ... | 1992 | 18670957 |
| monoclonal antibody characterization of south african field isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum. | a total of 27 different isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum were made from chickens between june 1991 and december 1992. all of these isolates were examined by elisa, by means of a locally produced panel of three monoclonal antibodies (denoted f1, v1 and vf3). the isolates were all of the f1 antigenic type. three of them showed a weak reaction with the f1 monoclonal antibody, while three other isolates reacted strongly with the f1 as well as with the vf3 mab. a selection of stored haemophilus ... | 1993 | 7970573 |
| isolation and characterization of a haemophilus paragallinarum mutant that lacks a hemagglutinating antigen. | in an in vivo cross-protection test with haemophilus paragallinarum strains of serovars b and c, we isolated and characterized a mutant strain, s1m, which lacked a hemagglutinating (ha) antigen when compared biologically and immunologically with isogenic strain s1. unlike the isogenic strain s1, the mutant strain s1m lacked ha activity against formaldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes, even after hyaluronidase treatment, and it did not stimulate hemagglutination-inhibition antibody in chickens imm ... | 1993 | 8141756 |
| efficacy of norfloxacin nicotinate treatment of broiler breeders against haemophilus paragallinarum. | the efficacy of the antimicrobial drug norfloxacin for treating infectious coryza was examined in 26-week-old male broiler breeders. chickens were inoculated in the infraorbital sinus with the causal organism, haemophilus paragallinarum. four experimental groups were set up: control uninfected chickens, infected untreated chickens, and infected chickens treated for 5 days with either 20 mg norfloxacin/kg body weight or 40 mg norfloxacin/kg body weight. the first clinical signs were seen 24 hr po ... | 1993 | 8257357 |
| plasmid-encoded nad independence in some south african isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum. | atypical haemophilus paragallinarum have been isolated from both laying hens and broilers suffering from typical symptoms of infectious coryza in south africa. re-inoculation of these bacteria into spf chickens resulted in similar pathology. the bacteria could be successfully re-isolated from the experimentally infected chickens. four of the isolates from layers and 3 of those from broilers were found to be closely related to h. paragallinarum serotype a (0083 strain) when tested by the use of a ... | 1993 | 8332325 |
| lesions and immunoperoxidase localisation of haemophilus paragallinarum in chickens with infectious coryza. | 1993 | 8333119 | |
| characterization of isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum from argentina. | the biochemical and serological properties of haemophilus paragallinarum isolates recovered from 11 recent outbreaks of infectious coryza in layer hens and one case of swollen-head syndrome in broilers in argentina are described. twenty-four isolates had the typical biochemical properties of h. paragallinarum. all isolates were serotyped according to the page scheme. ten of the isolates were serovar a, 11 were serovar b, one was serovar c, and two isolates could not be serotyped. the isolates we ... | 1993 | 8363497 |
| characterization of haemophilus paragallinarum isolates from china. | the biochemical and serological properties of 11 isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum from outbreaks of infectious coryza in the people's republic of china are described. all 11 isolates had the typical biochemical properties of h. paragallinarum, and all belonged to page serovar a. | 1993 | 8363520 |
| purification of hemagglutinin from haemophilus paragallinarum using monoclonal antibody. | the purification of hemagglutinin from haemophilus paragallinarum was attempted using affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibody. the antigen eluted from the affinity column using potassium thiocyanate buffer agglutinated chicken erythrocytes. in immunoblotting of the eluted antigen, a single band with monoclonal antibody was found as well as the crude antigen. when the chickens were immunized with the eluted antigen, they produced the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody, and they sh ... | 1993 | 8451834 |
| characterization of isolates of avian haemophili from brazil. | the biochemical and serological properties of 29 isolates of avian haemophili obtained from chickens in brazil are described. twenty-seven of the isolates had the typical biochemical properties of haemophilus paragallinarum. the two remaining isolates had the typical properties of pasteurella avium, formerly known as haemophilus avium. all of the h. paragallinarum isolates were serotyped according to the page scheme using a hemagglutination-inhibition test. fourteen of the isolates were serovar ... | 1994 | 7980274 |
| protective effect of oral administration of killed haemophilus paragallinarum serotype a on chickens. | orally administered bacterin of killed haemophilus paragallinarum effectively induced production of serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies in chickens, and all immunized chickens were protected from subsequent infection. although one intramuscular dose of 10(8) cells adjuvanted with aluminium phosphate gel (equivalent to commercial vaccine) induced protective immunity, two oral doses of 10(10) cells each with no adjuvants were required to induce effective immunity. | 1994 | 7980277 |
| complicated infectious coryza outbreaks in argentina. | seventeen complicated outbreaks of infectious coryza in layer, broiler-breeder, and broiler flocks were studied. in the layer flock outbreaks, drops in egg production of up to 35% were seen. in the broiler flocks and several of the layer flocks, losses due to persistent mortality and/or culling varied between 2 and 5%. signs of infectious coryza in both layers and broiler-breeders were typical; in broilers, however, swollen head-like syndrome was seen. except in one flock, no viral diseases were ... | 1994 | 7832727 |
| measurement of antibody titer to fowl pox virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the usefulness of the measurement of antibody titer to fowl pox virus (fpv) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was evaluated in spf chickens with or without inoculation with fpv. the optimum concentration of purified antigen was 10 micrograms/ml of protein. the absorbance at 492 nm was less than 0.10 in the chickens negative to fpv from 1 to 63 days old. by contrast, a higher titer was detected in spf chickens with various fpvs inoculated into the wing web than in non-inoculated chicke ... | 1994 | 7696418 |
| characterization of haemophilus paragallinarum isolated in the philippines. | in 1989 and 1990, we isolated five strains of haemophilus paragallinarum in the philippines. serological studies were done on three of these isolates. the results of haemagglutination, reactability to monoclonal antibodies and cross immunization with standard strains showed that they belonged to serotypes a, b and c respectively. this is the first report on the isolation of h. paragallinarum and on a related serological study in the philippines. | 1994 | 7865575 |
| characterization of two monoclonal antibodies directed against serovar a haemophilus paragallinarum. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against a serovar a haemophilus paragallinarum were evaluated for their ability to react with 11 reference strains that represented all the recognized serovars and with 27 field isolates of page serovar a collected from around the world. the mabs were used in a hemagglutination-inhibition assay. both mabs recognized type strains of page serovar a and kume serovars a-1 and a-2 but not the type strains of kume serovars a-3 and a-4. neither mab recognized the ... | 1994 | 7980289 |
| nad (v-factor)-independent and typical haemophilus paragallinarum infection in commercial chickens: a five year field study. | an unusual bacterium causing respiratory disease in chickens emerged in south africa in february 1989. the disease resembled infectious coryza but the organism differed from typical haemophilus paragallinarum especially in that it did not require v-factor for growth. it has been termed an nad-independent h. paragallinarum. a study of avian haemophili isolated from diseased chickens in kwazulu-natal over the past five years revealed the presence of typical h. paragallinarum, nad-independent h. pa ... | 1995 | 18645802 |
| the effect of route of inoculation on protection by killed vaccines in chickens. | the effect of various routes of immunization on protection against challenge by virulent agents was examined in chickens. chickens were immunized intratracheally, intranasally, per os, by crop gavage, and intramuscularly. agents examined were killed haemophilus paragallinarum, mycoplasma gallisepticum, and infectious bursal disease virus. results of immunization by intratracheal administration were equivalent to those produced by parenteral administration. all vaccines effectively induced produc ... | 1995 | 8561734 |
| effects of transformation on the hemagglutinins of haemophilus paragallinarum. | strain 0083 and two field isolates of h. paragallinarum were previously converted into nad-independent organisms by the use of crude dna extractions from naturally occurring nad-independent h. paragallinarum isolates. two of these transformed isolates [0083(t) and a745(t)] were used as dna donors in another transformation experiment in which another field isolate (m85) was used as the dna recipient. transformation was confirmed by lack of nad requirement for growth, by carbohydrate fermentation ... | 1995 | 8668324 |
| characterisation of pasteurella multocida isolated from fowl cholera outbreaks on turkey farms. | biochemical profiles, restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) and ribotyping were used to investigate pasteurella multocida isolates from outbreaks of fowl cholera on 7 turkey farms in new south wales. while only a single isolate was available from 5 of the farms, multiple isolates, 4 and 12 respectively, were available from the other 2 farms. the available field evidence suggested that 8 outbreaks had occurred with one farm suffering 2 outbreaks. the isolates obtained were all confirmed as past ... | 1995 | 7544114 |
| phenotypic and molecular characterization of v-factor (nad)-independent haemophilus paragallinarum. | in south africa from early 1989 onward, strains of haemophilus paragallinarum not requiring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) have been isolated from commercial chickens suffering from infectious coryza. fifteen of these field isolates were characterized by biochemical typing, serotyping, restriction endonuclease analysis (rea), and ribotyping. the chosen isolates represented diversity in geographic location, time of disease outbreak, and type of flock. all were typical of the species in b ... | 1995 | 7677650 |
| characterization and pathogenicity of haemophilus paragallinarum serotype c in local chickens of taiwan. | two strains (strains 39 & b) of haemophilus paragallinarum were isolated and identified as serotype c by dot-blotting analysis in taiwan in 1994. to identify their virulence and pathogenicity in taiwanese local chickens, local chickens were inoculated via nostril with the isolates, and examined for 14 days. clinical signs of swollen face, and nasal discharge were first seen at 24 hr after inoculation, and the infectivity of strains 39 and b at 14 days after inoculation among the inoculated chick ... | 1996 | 8916002 |
| development and application of dna probes and pcr tests for haemophilus paragallinarum. | a genomic dna library of haemophilus paragallinarum strain modesto was created. screening of this library identified four clones that reacted specifically with all 56 isolates of h. paragallinarum tested and failed to react with 24 closely related bacteria from the genera pasteurella and actinobacillus. all four clones also failed to react with dna extracted from one field isolate each of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. the probes based on these four clones were approximately 1 ... | 1996 | 8790892 |
| transferrin binding protein two interacts with both the n-lobe and c-lobe of ovotransferrin. | the present study was initiated to identify the region(s) of ovotransferrin involved in binding to the bacterial transferrin receptors from haemophilus paragallinarum and haemophilus avium. ovotransferrin was digested with either trypsin or thermolysin to obtain its n-lobe and c-lobe fragments. the individual fragments were then purified by a combination of gel exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. solid phase binding experiments with the individual fragments demonstrated that the c-lobe fr ... | 1996 | 8722096 |
| changes in the incidences of the different serovars of haemophilus paragallinarum in south africa: a possible explanation for vaccination failures. | infectious coryza remains an important disease in the poultry industry despite the long-term and widespread use of vaccines against its causative agent, haemophilus paragallinarum, in south africa. in order to detect antigenic changes between populations of h. paragallinarum isolated before the use of vaccines against infectious coryza in this country, and field isolates obtained after the introduction of infectious coryza vaccines, 106 different nad-dependent isolates (of which 93 were identifi ... | 1996 | 8917859 |
| transposon mutagenesis of haemophilus paragallinarum with tn916. | the gram-positive transposon tn916 was introduced into two strains of haemophilus paragallinarum by electroporation of the suicide plasmid pam120 (pgl101::tn916). tetracycline resistant mutants of h. paragallinarum strains tw-1 and 221 were recovered at frequencies of 2.1 x 10(-6) and 4.5 x 10(-7) per viable cell electroporated, respectively. tn916 generates stable single insertions within different sites of the h. paragallinarum chromosome. one tw-1::tn916 mutant had the tn916 insertion in the ... | 1996 | 9054124 |
| effects of growth conditions and incubation times on the expression of antigens of haemophilus paragallinarum which are detected by monoclonal antibodies. | haemophilus paragallinarum causes infectious coryza in poultry, and a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were established, which detect surface antigens of this bacterium. it was postulated that these mabs could be used to detect antigenic differences between strains of h. paragallinarum used in infectious coryza (ic) vaccines, and isolates made from the field, from poultry vaccinated against ic. it has previously been reported that in south africa there are three different mab patterns that ... | 1997 | 9204505 |
| molecular characterization of isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum from china by ribotyping. | ribotyping profiles were determined for 12 page serovar a isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum from five outbreaks of infectious coryza in hebei province in the people's republic of china. four enzymes were used to generate restriction digests of chromosomal dna: haeiii, hindiii, hpaii and sspi. the digests were probed with a digoxigenin-11-dutp-labelled dna probe produced by pcr amplification of the 16s rdna of the type strain of h. paragallinarum. only one profile was seen among the 12 isola ... | 1997 | 18483895 |
| evaluation of inactivated infectious coryza vaccines in chickens challenged by serovar b strains of haemophilus paragallinarum. | four monovalent experimental vaccines (vi, v2, v3 and v7) containing an argentinean serovar b strain (h8) of haemophilus paragallinarum and three different commercial vaccines, either bivalent (v4 and v5) containing serovars a and c, or trivalent (v6) containing serovars a, b and c were administered by subcutaneous or intramuscular routes as a single or double dose (at 3-week intervals) to chickens of between 6 and 10 weeks. three to 7 weeks after the last vaccination, vaccinated and non-vaccina ... | 1997 | 18483913 |
| monoclonal antibody characterization of reference isolates of different serogroups of haemophilus paragallinarum. | previously, a panel of five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was used to study the antigens of strains 0083, 0222 and modesto of haemophilus paragallinarum and marked antigenic differences were noted. to establish if these differences were serogroup specific, more reference strains were examined with these mabs. it was not possible to detect any relationship between the antigens recognized by the mabs and the serogroup of the reference strain. none of the mabs produced reacted with the haemagglutini ... | 1997 | 18483942 |
| evaluation of a pcr test for the detection of haemophilus paragallinarum in china. | the application of a recently described pcr test for the detection of haemophilus paragallinarum in china is described. the test was used to examine a total of 127 chickens sourced from a challenge trial (38 chickens), a respiratory disease-free experimental chicken farm (50 chickens) and eight farms with suspect infectious coryza (ic) outbreaks (39 chickens). the pcr results were compared with traditional culture. the pcr detected 14/14 infected birds in the challenge trial as compared with 13/ ... | 1998 | 18484001 |
| a monoclonal antibody-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serovar-specific antibodies to haemophilus paragallinarum. | two monoclonal antibody-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (b-elisas) were developed to detect serovar-specific antibodies to haemophilus paragallinarum. one assay detected antibodies against serovar a and the other antibodies against serovar c. the assays were evaluated with sera derived from disease-free chickens as well as chickens experimentally immunized and/or challenged with h. paragallinarum strains 0083 (serovar a), modesto (serovar c), or hp31 (serovar c). when tested with 440 ... | 1999 | 10216762 |
| confirmation that pcr can be used to identify nad-dependent and nad-independent haemophilus paragallinarum isolates. | seventy five bacteria tentatively identified as haemophilus paragallinarum (the causative agent of infectious coryza), eight identified as ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and 13 identified as nad-independent pasteurella species were isolated from chickens with respiratory infection in various provinces in south africa. the isolates were characterized by conventional biochemical and serological methods. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay specific for h. paragallinarum was used to identify th ... | 1999 | 10396764 |
| infectious coryza: overview of the disease and new diagnostic options. | infectious coryza is a well-recognized and commonly encountered upper respiratory tract disease of chickens that is caused by the bacterium haemophilus paragallinarum. the occurrence of recent outbreaks in north america has emphasized that the disease can be significant in meat chickens as well as layer chickens. in developing countries, coryza is commonly complicated by the presence of a range of other infections, resulting in severe disease and significant economic losses. unusual forms of the ... | 1999 | 10515906 |
| relation between antigen release and immune response of oil adjuvanted vaccines in chickens. | the relationship between release properties of the model antigen, bovine serum albumin (bsa), from formulations in vitro and immune response after administration of various oil adjuvanted vaccines containing liquid paraffin was examined in chickens. the vaccine prepared at an hydrophile-lipophile-balance (hlb) number of 4.8 showed slower release of bsa and higher immune response on injected chickens than that with an hlb number of 6.0. decreases of aqueous volume ratio in the formulation also le ... | 2000 | 10907681 |
| production and evaluation of a panel of monoclonal antibodies against haemophilus paragallinarum. | we report on the production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against haemophilus paragallinarum, the causative agent of infectious coryza. a bank of 8 mabs were produced by traditional techniques - four against the reference strain for page serovar a (0083) and four against the reference strain for page serovar c (modesto). seven of the eight mabs were shown to be igg(1) with one being nontypable. none of the mabs had hi activity and none gave any detectable reaction when exa ... | 2000 | 10925045 |
| efficacy of a commercially available coryza vaccine against challenge with recent south african nad-independent isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum in chickens. | in south africa the incidence of nad-independent haemnophilus paragallinarum isolation from clinical cases is increasing. this study was carried out to test whether a commercially available coryza vaccine (nobilis coryza, intervet international bv) could protect chickens against challenge with recent nad-independent isolates. spf chickens were vaccinated twice at 3 and 7 weeks of age and were challenged at 9 weeks of age with 5 different nad-independent isolates of serotype a or c-3. the results ... | 2000 | 11030362 |
| characterisation of isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum from indonesia. | to characterise 18 isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum isolated from chickens in indonesia. | 2000 | 11194721 |
| relationship between antigen release and antibody response of infectious coryza water-in-oil-in-water emulsion vaccines. | the relationship between the antigen release from formulations in vitro and the antibody response after administration of water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion vaccines containing haemophilus paragallinarum (hpg) was studied in chickens. increases of sorbitan sesquioleate volume in the formulation led to slower antigen release and tended to induce higher hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody titers. in addition, the vaccines prepared with internal aqueous phase:oil phase:external aqueous ph ... | 2000 | 11195641 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies to a tumor--associated antigen by spontaneous cell fusion. | spontaneous cell fusion induced by the bacterium haemophilus paragallinarum has been recently reported as an alternative technique to generate hybridomas producing monoclonal antibody (mab). in order to investigate the advantages of this technique to produce anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies we performed comparative experiments between h. paragallinarum induced spontaneous cell fusion and polyethylene glycol (peg) mediated fusion. hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to an experimental muri ... | 2000 | 11261231 |
| the development and application of a blocking elisa kit for the diagnosis of infectious coryza. | a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (b-elisa) kit for the diagnosis of infectious coryza was developed in this study. the kit was based on a recently described blocking elisa that uses monoclonal antibodies to achieve specificity for antibodies to either haemophilus paragallinarum serovar a or serovar c. the results showed that the b-elisa kit detected 96 and 90%, respectively, of chickens vaccinated or challenged with h. paragallinarum serovar a. when used on chickens vaccinated or cha ... | 2000 | 19184808 |
| characterization of haemophilus paragallinarum isolates from mexico. | the carbohydrate fermentation, antimicrobial drug resistance and serological properties of 40 isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum from outbreaks of infectious coryza in mexico are described. four biochemical biovariants and five antimicrobial drug resistance patterns were recognized. all isolates were serotyped by the page scheme, with 21 isolates being assigned to serogroup a, five isolates to serogroup b and 14 isolates to serogroup c. | 2000 | 19184840 |
| safety and efficacy of water-in-oil-in-water emulsion vaccines containing newcastle disease virus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein. | subunit vaccines containing haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein of newcastle disease virus (ndv), formulated as water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsions, were prepared. first, the suitable constituents of a w/o/w emulsion adjuvant were investigated with polyvalent vaccines using ndv, infectious bronchitis virus and haemophilus paragallinarum. the w/o/w emulsion adjuvant, composed of the antigen in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), liquid paraffin, squalene, diglyceryl monooleate, polyso ... | 2001 | 19184940 |
| a simple device for staining many single-hole grids without individual manipulation. | 2001 | 94955 | |
| serotyping of haemophilus paragallinarum isolates from mexico by the kume hemagglutinin scheme. | a total of 42 isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum from mexico were serotyped by the kume hemagglutinin scheme. serovars a-1, a-2, b-1, and c-2 were recognized among 11 (26.2%), 7 (16.6%), 4 (9.5%), and 14 (33.3%) isolates, respectively. a further six isolates (14.3%) showed hemagglutinating activity but could not be classified into any serovar. commercial vaccines containing kume serovars a-1, a-2, b-1, and c-2 may provide better protection than those bi- or trivalent infectious coryza vaccin ... | 2001 | 11569743 |
| targetted localisation and imaging of a murine lymphoma using 131i-labelled monoclonal antibody. | in vivo tumor targetting with radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies is a promising approach for the diagnosis and therapy of tumors. a specific monoclonal antibody (mab), dlab was generated to the dalton's lymphoma associated antigen (dlaa) from haemophilus paragallinarum-induced spontaneous fusion. in order to study the tumor localisation and biodistribution properties of the monoclonal antibody, scintigraphic studies were performed using the radiolabelled dlab. 131-labelled dlab was administered ... | 2001 | 11883523 |
| gallinacin-3, an inducible epithelial beta-defensin in the chicken. | gallinacin-3 and gallopavin-1 (gpv-1) are newly characterized, epithelial beta-defensins of the chicken (gallus gallus) and turkey (meleagris gallopavo), respectively. in normal chickens, the expression of gallinacin-3 was especially prominent in the tongue, bursa of fabricius, and trachea. it also occurred in other organs, including the skin, esophagus, air sacs, large intestine, and kidney. tracheal expression of gallinacin-3 increased significantly after experimental infection of chickens wit ... | 2001 | 11254635 |
| molecular analysis of a haemagglutinin of haemophilus paragallinarum. | the gene encoding a haemagglutinin of h. paragallinarum, haga, has been identified and the full-length nucleotide sequence determined. a approximately 39 kda protein, recognized by an anti-haemagglutinin monoclonal antibody, mab4d, was purified from h. paragallinarum strain 0083 and the n-terminal sequence obtained. the full-length nucleotide sequence was obtained by inverse pcr and the deduced amino acid sequence of the protein encoded was shown to be similar to other outer-membrane proteins of ... | 2002 | 12101304 |
| isolation of serovar c-3 haemophilus paragallinarum from zimbabwe: a further indication of the need for the production of vaccines against infectious coryza containing local isolates of h. paragallinarum. | various isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum, collected from a severe outbreak of infectious coryza in poultry from zimbabwe, were serotyped and were found to belong to serovar c-3. previously, isolates were serotyped using polyclonal antiserum produced against serogroup reference strains (0083 for serogroup a, 0222 for serogroup b and modesto, or h-18 for serogroup c) of h. paragallinarum. in this case, polyclonal antiserum produced against these reference isolates were used, as well as polyc ... | 2002 | 12233998 |
| virulence of south african isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum. part 1: nad-dependent field isolates. | the virulence of four south african field isolates of nad-dependent haemophilus paragallinarum, representing the four serovars known to occur in that country, was investigated. during this study an alternative challenge model for infectious coryza was used, in which the infectivity as well the virulence of different isolates could be evaluated. the challenge model consisted of the direct challenge, via intrasinus injection of one chicken in a row of interconnected layer cages, containing 10 chic ... | 2002 | 12234003 |
| virulence of south african isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum. part 2: naturally occurring nad-independent field isolates. | naturally occurring nad-independent variants of haemophilus paragallinarum, which have been isolates from poultry showing clinical signs of infectious coryza, were used to determine their virulence using a newly developed challenge model for infectious coryza. it was established that the nad-independent isolates belonging to a particular serogroup, were less virulent when compared to the virulence of the nad-dependent isolates from the same serogroup. it was shown that the virulence of the nad-i ... | 2002 | 12234004 |
| identification and characterization of ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolates from mexico. | ten gram-negative, pleomorphic, rod-shaped isolates from coryza-like, respiratory diseased laying and broiler chickens were identified as ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. all o. rhinotracheale isolates showed typical biochemical and enzymatic characteristics. also, all isolates showed hemagglutinating activity with glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocytes. on the basis of this property, a rabbit-raised antiserum was produced for an isolate. all isolates were identified by antiserum by hemagglutination- ... | 2002 | 12243533 |
| virulence of south african isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum. part 3: experimentally produced nad-independent isolate. | a nad-dependent isolate 46 (c-3) of haemophilus paragallinarum, which was previously demonstrated to be of high virulence, was transformed to nad independence using a plasmid isolated from a naturally occurring nad-independent isolate of h. paragallinarum. the transformation was performed by two different methods and the identity of all of the isolates, before and after transformation was confirmed using a h. paragallinarum-specific pcr test. the transformed nad-independent serovar c-3 isolate a ... | 2002 | 12356164 |
| occurrence of conjunctivitis, sinusitis and upper region tracheitis in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), possibly caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum accompanied by cryptosporidium sp. infection. | on a farm raising approximately 75,000 japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) for egg production, the diseased quail showed clinical signs of swelling of the head, nasal discharge, increased lacrimation, and decreased egg production. the flock experienced a mortality rate of 5.7% per day. macroscopic observation revealed large, gelatinous masses of caseous exudate in the sinuses, egg peritonitis, and airsacculitis. microscopically, non-purulent or purulent inflammation accompanied by lympho ... | 2002 | 12396337 |
| efficacy of a new tetravalent coryza vaccine against emerging variant type b strains. | outbreaks of infectious coryza have been reported in vaccinated flocks in different countries, indicating that new serotype(s) of haemophilus paragallinarum may have evolved. several field isolates from vaccinated flocks in the us, ecuador, argentina and zimbabwe were examined and, apart from one serotype c strain, all were typed as serotype b. an inactivated commercial trivalent vaccine, containing serotypes a, b and c, protected against challenge with the serotype c isolate but protection agai ... | 2003 | 12850915 |
| genetic analysis of a plasmid encoding haemocin production in haemophilus paragallinarum. | the full sequence of plasmid p250, isolated from haemophilus paragallinarum strain hp250, has been obtained. the plasmid contains seven orfs: a putative integrase, a putative replication protein (repb) and five orfs similar to those from the haemocin (bacteriocin) hmcdcbai operon from haemophilus influenzae. of 19 other non-plasmid-containing h. paragallinarum strains screened (11 serovar reference strains and 8 field isolates), 17 strains produced haemocin and were resistant to killing by strai ... | 2003 | 14600229 |
| infectious coryza due to haemophilus paragallinarum serovar b in china. | 2003 | 15084021 | |
| limitation of the spread and impact of infectious coryza through the use of a continuous disinfection programme. | the effect of a continuous disinfection programme, using the non-toxic disinfectant virukill, in layers, on the spread and impact of infectious coryza, caused by haemophilus paragallinarum was evaluated. in this experiment, both unvaccinated layers and layers vaccinated against infectious coryza were used. duplicate smaller groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens were challenged with different serovars of both nad-dependent as well as nad-independent isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum ... | 2004 | 15185569 |
| evidence of possible evasion of protective immunity by nad-independent isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum in poultry. | an indication of the ability of nad-independent variants of haemophilus paragallinarum to evade the immune system has been obtained from data obtained from several experiments. firstly, it was noted that there was a difference in the serovar distribution between the nad-dependent isolates in the 1990s and the nad-independent isolates, as there was a significant decrease in the incidence of serogroup a nad-dependent isolates. this can possibly be attributed to the extensive use of vaccines. on th ... | 2004 | 15185575 |
| the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-independent haemophilus paragallinarum in méxico. | two isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum were obtained from a layer chicken in mexico. the isolates were confirmed as h. paragallinarum by polymerase chain reaction and conventional biochemical identification. the isolates were nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) independent-growing on blood agar without the need of a nurse colony as well as on a complex medium that lacked both nad and chicken serum. both isolates were pathogenic, causing the typical clinical signs of infectious coryza in ... | 2004 | 15283432 |
| the testing and modification of a commercially available transport medium for the transportation of pure cultures of haemophilus paragallinarum for serotyping. | haemophilus paragallinarum, the causative agent of infectious coryza in poultry, is an extremely fastidious organism requiring specific growth conditions for isolation. for complete control of the disease in regions where more that one of the serovars of the different serogroups occurs, it is essential that the bacterium causing the problem be isolated and serotyped. this work describes the modification and testing of transport media, which will ensure the survival of the causative agents in sus ... | 2004 | 15373330 |
| genetic organisation of the capsule transport gene region from haemophilus paragallinarum. | the region involved in export of the capsule polysaccharides to the cell surface of haemophilus paragallinarum was cloned and the genetic organisation determined. degenerate primers designed from sequence alignment of the capsule transport genes of haemophilus influenzae, pasteurella multocida and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were used to amplify a 2.6 kb fragment containing a segment of the h. paragallinarum capsule transport gene locus. this fragment was used as a digoxigenin labelled probe ... | 2004 | 15373336 |
| co-infection of staphylococcus aureus or haemophilus paragallinarum exacerbates h9n2 influenza a virus infection in chickens. | h9n2 influenza viruses are frequently isolated from chicken meat and bone marrow imported from china to japan since 2001. these isolates were experimentally inoculated into specific pathogen-free chickens intranasally. viruses were recovered from the meat and bone marrow of birds showing no overt signs. on the other hand, chickens co-infected with h9n2 virus and either staphylococcus aureus or haemophilus paragallinarum showed clinical signs severer than those shown by birds infected only with t ... | 2004 | 15503199 |
| cross-protection study of the nine serovars of haemophilus paragallinarum in the kume haemagglutinin scheme. | the cross-protection and haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies present in chickens vaccinated with one of the nine currently recognized kume haemagglutinin serovars of haemophilus paragallinarum were investigated. the results confirmed the widely accepted dogma that serogroups a, b, and c represent three distinct immunovars. within kume serogroup a, there was generally good cross-protection among all four serovars. however, within kume serogroup c, there was evidence of a reduced level of cros ... | 2004 | 15545030 |
| virulence of the nine serovar reference strains of haemophilus paragallinarum. | the virulence of the reference strains of the nine currently recognized kume serovars of haemophilus paragallinarum was investigated. the capacity of the h. paragallinarum strains to cause the typical clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease associated with infectious coryza in unvaccinated, nasal-challenged chickens was assessed. differences in virulence were assessed by means of a standardized scoring system for clinical signs. all nine strains were pathogenic to chickens, producing t ... | 2004 | 15666870 |
| typing of haemophilus paragallinarum strains by using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-based polymerase chain reaction. | the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (eric-pcr) technique was used for fingerprinting of reference strains and mexican isolates of haemophilus paragallinarum. a total of nine eric patterns were given by the nine serovar reference strains of this bacteria. two modesto (c-2) reference strains from different sources showed the same eric pattern. seventeen eric patterns were obtained among 29 mexican isolates included in the study, belonging to serovars preva ... | 2004 | 15666871 |
| antigenic secreted proteins from haemophilus paragallinarum. a 110-kda putative rtx protein. | haemophilus paragallinarum is the causal agent of infectious coryza, an economically important disease for the poultry industry. this bacterium secreted proteins of 25-110 kda during its growth in brain heart infusion, tryptic soy broth, or luria-bertani glucose phosphate media, all lacking serum. some of these proteins were recognized by sera from chickens experimentally infected with h. paragallinarum. a 110-kda protein was recognized by a serum pool from convalescent-phase pigs naturally infe ... | 2004 | 15019738 |