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the iodide-transport-defect-causing mutation r124h: a δ-amino group at position 124 is critical for maturation and trafficking of the na+/i- symporter.na(+)/i(-) symporter (nis)-mediated active accumulation of i(-) in thyrocytes is a key step in the biosynthesis of the iodine-containing thyroid hormones t3 and t4. several nis mutants have been identified as a cause of congenital i(-) transport defect (itd), and their investigation has yielded valuable mechanistic information on nis. here we report novel findings derived from the thorough characterization of the itd-causing mutation r124h, located in the second intracellular loop (il-2). r124h ...201323690546
molecular characterization of clinical and environmental vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in taiwan.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most prevalent foodborne pathogen in taiwan and it is frequently recovered from seafood. in this study, v. parahaemolyticus that was isolated in recent years from aquacultural environments and clinical specimens were comparatively analyzed by noti-restricted pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and polymerase chain reaction, targeting common toxin genes (tdh, trh, urec), mtase gene, toxr regulator, markers for pandemic strains (orf8, group-specific toxrs) and re ...201323685468
a pentaplex pcr assay for detection and characterization of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates.vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus are the leading causes of seafood-related illnesses and also can cause wound infections. these bacteria often co-exist in marine and estuarine environments. however, there have been no reported protocols that can detect and characterize (i.e. pathogenic or nonpathogenic) them in a single pcr. in this study, we developed a ppcr assay with a combination of two species-specific and three pathogenic-specific pcr primers to simultaneously detect virulent ...201323682646
[selection of reference genes for virulence gene expression in vibrio parahaemolyticus].we selected reference genes for virulence gene expression of vibrio parahaemolyticus under different environmental conditions.201323678578
molecular insights of the first gastropod tlr counterpart from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus), revealing its transcriptional modulation under pathogenic stress.toll-like receptors (tlrs) are well-characterized pattern recognition receptors of innate immunity, known to induce immune responses against the pathogens by interacting with evolutionarily conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). in this study, a novel tlr homolog from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus) was identified and characterized at molecular level. the open reading frame (orf) of abtlr is 3804 bp in length and encodes a 1268 amino acid peptide with a calculated molecu ...201323669649
phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity of haemocytes from the ivory snail, babylonia areolata.haemocytes from the ivory snail, babylonia areolata phagocytized saccharomyces cerevisiae and vibrio parahaemolyticus after 30 min. haemocytes phagocytized v. parahaemolyticus at a greater rate than they phagocytized s. cerevisiae. the phagocytic rate (pp) of v. parahaemolyticus by granulocytes to was a little higher than that of s. cerevisiae. the phagocytic index (pi) of v. parahaemolyticus by granulocytes was significantly higher than that of s. cerevisiae. the same was true of hyalinocytes. ...201323664911
expression of glutamine synthetase in tegillarca granosa (bivalvia, arcidae) hemocytes stimulated by vibrio parahaemolyticus and lipopolysaccharides.the blood cockle, tegillarca granosa, is a widely consumed clam in the indo-pacific region. glutamine synthetase (gs) is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. we identified the gs of t. granosa (tg-gs) from hemocytes by 3'- and 5'-rapid amplification of cdna ends (race)-pcr. the full-length cdna consisted of 1762 bp, with a 1104-bp open reading frame encoding 367 amino acids. sequence compar ...201323661439
multiplex pcr for the detection and differentiation of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains using the groel, tdh and trh genes.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant cause of human gastrointestinal disorders worldwide, transmitted primarily by ingestion of raw or undercooked contaminated seafood. in this study, a multiplex pcr assay for the detection and differentiation of v. parahaemolyticus strains was developed using primer sets for a species-specific marker, groel, and two virulence markers, tdh and trh. multiplex pcr conditions were standardised, and extracted genomic dna of 70 v. parahaemolyticus strains was use ...201323660458
a vibrio parahaemolyticus t3ss effector mediates pathogenesis by independently enabling intestinal colonization and inhibiting tak1 activation.vibrio parahaemolyticus type iii secretion system 2 (t3ss2) is essential for the organism's virulence, but the effectors required for intestinal colonization and induction of diarrhea by this pathogen have not been identified. here, we identify a type iii secretion system (t3ss2)-secreted effector, vopz, that is essential for v. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity. vopz plays distinct, genetically separable roles in enabling intestinal colonization and diarrheagenesis. truncation of vopz prevents v.  ...201323623501
[inactivation kinetics of vibrio parahaemolyticus in peeled shrimp treated with organic acids].to establish the kinetic inactivation models of vibrio parahaemolytius in saline and peeled shrimp treated with acetic acid, lactic acid and citric acid for guidance of their potential application in shrimp decontamination.201323614238
vibrio parahaemolyticus type vi secretion system 1 is activated in marine conditions to target bacteria, and is differentially regulated from system 2.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium that thrives in warm climates. it is a leading cause of gastroenteritis resulting from consumption of contaminated uncooked shellfish. this bacterium harbors two putative type vi secretion systems (t6ss). t6sss are widespread protein secretion systems found in many gram-negative bacteria, and are often tightly regulated. for many t6sss studied to date, the conditions and cues, as well as the regulatory mechanisms that control t6ss activity are unknow ...201323613791
in vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity of vitex negundo leaf extract against diverse multidrug resistant enteric bacterial pathogens.to investigate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial potentials of vitex negundo (v. negundo) leaf extracts against diverse enteric pathogens.201323608373
gating of the trkh ion channel by its associated rck protein trka.trkh belongs to a superfamily of k(+) transport proteins required for growth of bacteria in low external k(+) concentrations. the crystal structure of trkh from vibrio parahaemolyticus showed that trkh resembles a k(+) channel and may have a gating mechanism substantially different from k(+) channels. trkh assembles with trka, a cytosolic protein comprising two rck (regulate the conductance of k(+)) domains, which are found in certain k(+) channels and control their gating. however, fundamental ...201323598339
murine macrophage inflammatory cytokine production and immune activation in response to vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most common cause of bacterial, seafood-related illness in the usa. currently, there is a dearth of published reports regarding immunity to infection with this pathogen. here, production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by v. parahaemolyticus-infected raw 264.7 murine macrophages was studied. it was determined that this infection results in increased concentrations of il-1α, il-6, tnf-α and il-10. additionally, decreases in cell surface tlr2 and tlr4 an ...201323586636
antimicrobial activities of the tissue extracts of babylonia spirata linnaeus, 1758 (mollusca: gastropoda) from thazhanguda, southeast coast of india.to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the tissue extracts of babylonia spirata (b. spirata) against nine bacterial and three fungal pathogens.201223569831
isolation and characterization of pandemic and nonpandemic strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus from an outbreak of diarrhea in north 24 parganas, west bengal, india.strains of the enteric pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus harboring the thermostable hemolysin (tdh) encoding gene tdh is known to cause epidemic and pandemic diarrhea. in industrialized countries, this pathogen causes sporadic or outbreaks of diarrheal illness associated with consumption of raw or improperly cooked seafood. this report describes a foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by v. parahaemolyticus in june 2011 following consumption of food served at a funeral reception held at ha ...201323566271
roles of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit c (ahpc) in viable but nonculturable vibrio parahaemolyticus.alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit c (ahpc) is the catalytic subunit responsible for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species that form in bacterial cells or are derived from the host; thus, ahpc facilitates the survival of pathogenic bacteria under environmental stresses or during infection. this study investigates the role of ahpc in the induction and maintenance of a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state in vibrio parahaemolyticus. in this investigation, ahpc1 (vpa1683) and ahpc2 (vp0 ...201323563952
temporal and spatial distribution patterns of potentially pathogenic vibrio spp. at recreational beaches of the german north sea.the number of reported vibrio-related wound infections associated with recreational bathing in northern europe has increased within the last decades. in order to study the health risk from potentially pathogenic vibrio spp. in the central wadden sea, the seasonal and spatial distribution of vibrio vulnificus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio cholerae were investigated at ten recreational beaches in this area over a 2-year period. v. alginolyticus and v. parahaemolyticus w ...201323563708
molluskan fasciclin-1 domain-containing protein: molecular characterizationand gene expression analysis of fasciclin 1-like protein from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus).cell-to-cell contacts play a key role in multicellular systems and organisms. fasciclin-1 (fas-1) is a lipid-linked membrane associated glycoprotein that is a member of a newly recognized family of cell adhesion molecules sharing features with the immunoglobulins, cadherins, integrins, and selectins. here, we report the identification and molecular characterization of a novel fas-1 domain-containing cdna from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus), including its gene expression profile and immune ...201323562785
distribution and pathogenic relationship of virulence associated genes among vibrio alginolyticus from the mariculture systems.vibrio alginolyticus has been confirmed as an important pathogen for aquatic animals. however, the pathogenic mechanism of v. alginolyticus is not completely understood. a total of 31 isolates of v. alginolyticus from sea water, fish and shrimp on the mariculture systems were fingerprinted by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the pathogenicity of these isolates was tested by challenge and the 21 genes associated with the virulence of vibrio cholerae or vibrio parahaemolyticus were examined in v. ...201323562411
functionally cloned pdrm from streptococcus pneumoniae encodes a na(+) coupled multidrug efflux pump.multidrug efflux pumps play an important role as a self-defense system in bacteria. bacterial multidrug efflux pumps are classified into five families based on structure and coupling energy: resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd), small multidrug resistance (smr), major facilitator (mf), atp binding cassette (abc), and multidrug and toxic compounds extrusion (mate). we cloned a gene encoding a mate-type multidrug efflux pump from streptococcus pneumoniae r6, and designated it pdrm. pdrm showe ...201323555691
effects of pre- or post-processing storage conditions on high-hydrostatic pressure inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus in oysters.the effects of storage conditions on subsequent high-hydrostatic pressure (hhp) inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in oysters were investigated. live oysters were inoculated with v. parahaemolyticus or v. vulnificus to ca. 7-8 log mpn/g by feeding and stored at varying conditions (i.e., 21 or 35 °c for 5h, 4 or 10 °c for 1 and 2 days and -18 °c for 2 weeks). oyster meats were then treated at 225-300 mpa for 2 min at 4, 21 or 35 °c. hhp at 300 mpa for 2 min achieved a > ...201323545264
ecological study of pathogenic vibrios in aquatic environments.an ecological study of pathogenic vibrios in aquatic environments of okayama was carried out. the number of vibrio parahaemolyticus detected in the sea area was comparatively smaler than that found in the survey of about two decades ago. various reasons for the decrease in the case of food poisoning by v. parahaemolyticus have been suggested but the lower number of the vibrio in aquatic environments may be one explanation. although the number of v. vulnificus was also not as large, most of the i ...201323538851
transcriptomic and cellular response to bacterial challenge (pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus) in farmed juvenile haliotis rufescens fed with or without probiotic diet.the abalone production in chile has increased considerably in recent years with no sign of tapering off. open and semi-closed circuits in the marine water zones in the north and south of chile are the preferred areas of culture. coastal ecosystems are subjected to a wide variety of contaminants that generate stress that affects populations via their impacts to individuals at both physiological and genetic levels. this work investigated the genomic and cellular response of post-weaning juvenile h ...201323535139
[effectiveness of expression of tdh gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus depends on two point mutations in promoter region].a molecular-biological study of the clinical strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus that contain genes of thermostable direct hemolysin tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh). using southern blot hybridization, it is shown that genomes of strains that carry determinants of both hemolysins (tdh(+)-trh+) represent a single copy, whereas in tdh2+rh+ strains, there are two copies (tdh1 and tdh2). all of the examined tdh+trh+ and some of the tdh+trh strains either did not express the tdh gene or did not ex ...201223516897
susceptibility of vibrio parahaemolyticus to disinfectants after prior exposure to sublethal stress.in the present study, vibrio parahaemolyticus 690 in phosphate buffered-saline containing 3% nacl was subjected to sublethal stresses: heat shock at 42 °c for 15 min, acid adaptation at ph 5.0 for 30 min, or cold shock at 20 °c for 4 h. the effect of sublethal stress on the susceptibility of v. parahaemolyticus to a chlorine-containing disinfectant (clidox-s) and a quaternary ammonium compound (quatricide) at 25 and 40 °c was investigated. it was found that the sublethal stresses examined enhanc ...201323498199
abundance and distribution of vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, and v. vulnificus following a major freshwater intrusion into the mississippi sound.in response to a major influx of freshwater to the mississippi sound following the opening of the bonnet carre spillway, water samples were collected from three sites along the mississippi shoreline to assess the impact of altered salinity on three pathogenic vibrio species. salinity readings across the affected area during the 2011 sample period ranged from 1.4 to 12.9 ppt (mean = 7.0) and for the 2012 sample period from 14.1 to 23.6 ppt (mean = 19.8). analyses of the data collected in 2011 sho ...201323494573
[isolation of vibrio parahaemolyticus having new combination of o and k serotypes from sporadic diarrheal patients]. 201323484380
structure and immune expression analysis of hemoglobin genes from the blood clam tegillarca granosa.hemoglobin (hb) is the major protein component of erythrocytes in animals with red blood, although it can serve additional functions beyond the transport of oxygen. the blood clam (tegillarca granosa) is one of the few mollusks that has hb, although the structure and function of molluskan hbs remain unclear. we characterized two unique and highly compartmentalized blood clam hemoglobin genes, tg-hbiia and tg-hbiib, at the molecular level. the full-length cdna of tg-hbiia was 731 bp with a 450-bp ...201323479150
persistence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, is a multifactorial process involving pili and flagella but not type iii secretion systems or phase variation.vibrio parahaemolyticus can resist oyster depuration, suggesting that it possesses specific factors for persistence. we show that type i pili, type iv pili, and both flagellar systems contribute to v. parahaemolyticus persistence in pacific oysters whereas type iii secretion systems and phase variation do not.201323475619
polymorphism of the multiple hemoglobins in blood clam tegillarca granosa and its association with disease resistance to vibrio parahaemolyticus.hemoglobin (hb) is the major protein component of erythrocytes in animals with red blood, but it can serve additional functions beyond the transport of oxygen. in this study, we identified polymorphism in the blood clam tegillarca granosa hb (tg-hb) genes and investigated the association of this polymorphism with resistance/susceptibility to vibrio parahaemolyticus. analysis of the 540 sequences revealed 28 snps in the coding region of three tg-hbs, corresponding to about one snp per 48 bp. thre ...201323470816
complete genome sequence of prepandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus bb22op.the number of inflammatory gastroenteritis outbreaks due to the food-borne pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus is rising sharply worldwide and in the united states in particular. here we report the complete, annotated genome sequence of the prepandemic v. parahaemolyticus strain bb22op and make some initial comparisons to the complete genome sequence for pandemic strain rimd2210633.201323469330
identification and function of leucine-rich repeat flightless-i-interacting protein 2 (lrrfip2) in litopenaeus vannamei.leucine-rich repeat flightless-i-interacting protein 2 (lrrfip2) is a myeloid differentiation factor 88-interacting protein with a positive regulatory function in toll-like receptor signaling. in this study, seven lrrfip2 protein variants (lvlrrfip2a-g) were identified in litopenaeus vannamei. all the seven lvlrrfip2 protein variants encode proteins with a duf2051 domain. lvlrrfip2s were upregulated in hemocytes after challenged with lipopolysaccharide, poly i:c, cpg-odn2006, vibrio parahaemolyt ...201323468989
rapid identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from shellfish, sea water and sediments of the khnifiss lagoon, morocco, by maldi-tof mass spectrometry.we establish the presence of vibrio parahaemolyticus and deepen the comparison of isolates using maldi-tof ms for the typing of isolates originating from the khnifiss lagoon (morocco). amongst 48 samples from sea water, sediment and shellfish isolated from different sites of khnifiss lagoon, morocco, we obtained 22 isolates of v. parahaemolyticus identified by vitek 2™ system (biomérieux) and maldi biotyper™ (bruker daltonics). all isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin and ticarcillin, mo ...201323464928
in silico analysis of putative paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins export proteins in cyanobacteria.paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (psts) are a family of more than 30 natural alkaloids synthesized by dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria whose toxicity in animals is mediated by voltage-gated na(+) channel blocking. the export of pst analogues may be through sxtf and sxtm, two putative mate (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) family transporters encoded in psts biosynthetic gene cluster (sxt). sxtm is present in every sxt cluster analyzed; however, sxtf is only present in the cylindrospe ...201323457475
isolation of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus from uk water and shellfish produce.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative, halophilic bacterium found commonly in temperate and warm estuarine waters worldwide. v. parahaemolyticus is considered an emerging bacterial pathogen in europe and has been responsible for several recent seafood-associated outbreaks. during ad hoc testing of raw shellfish produce in may 2012, pandemic group (o3:k6) v. parahaemolyticus was isolated from pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas), harvested in southern england. follow-on testing of water and s ...201323455432
vibrio parahaemolyticus type iv pili mediate interactions with diatom-derived chitin and point to an unexplored mechanism of environmental persistence.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a naturally occurring bacterium common in coastal waters where it concentrates in shellfish through filter feeding. the bacterium is a human pathogen and the leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis. presently there is little information regarding mechanisms of environmental persistence of v.parahaemolyticus or an accurate early warning system for outbreak prediction. vibrios have been shown to adhere to several substrates in the environment, including chitin, on ...201323441888
virulence determinants for vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine microorganism that causes acute gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of contaminated raw or under cooked seafood. during infection, the bacterium utilizes a wide variety of virulence factors, including adhesins, toxins and type iii secretion systems, to cause both cytotoxicity in cultured cells and enterotoxicity in animal models. herein, we describe recent discoveries on the regulation and characterization of the virulence factors from v. para. det ...201323433802
microbiological quality and risk factors related to sandwiches served in bakeries, cafés, and sandwich bars in south korea.the objective of this study was to investigate the microbiological quality of sandwiches produced on site and served in bakeries, cafés, and sandwich bars in south korea and to determine the major risk factors affecting the sanitation level in each store (n = 1,120). the microbiological quality of the sandwiches was analyzed, and the sanitation level of each store was evaluated as satisfactory or unsatisfactory based on sanitation guidelines. total coliforms were detected in 906 samples (80.9%), ...201323433370
presence of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in waters and seafood from the tunisian sea.the occurrence of the hemolysin genes, tdh and trh, in vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from environmental samples collected from various exported seafood products comprising of fishes and shellfish (mytilus edulis and crassostrea gigas) or seawater, was studied. eight strains were confirmed as v. parahaemolyticus by toxr -based polymerase chain reaction and only one strain out of these 8 strains was positive for tdh and trh genes. toxigenic v. parahaemolyticus isolates are present in tu ...201323430717
population structure of clinical and environmental vibrio parahaemolyticus from the pacific northwest coast of the united states.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common marine bacterium and a leading cause of seafood-borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. although this bacterium has been the subject of much research, the population structure of cold-water populations remains largely undescribed. we present a broad phylogenetic analysis of clinical and environmental v. parahaemolyticus originating largely from the pacific northwest coast of the united states. repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr (rep-pcr) separated 167 is ...201323409028
draft genome sequence of vibrio parahaemolyticus snuvps-1 isolated from korean seafood.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of food-borne diseases, and several pathogenic strains cause global gastroenteritis outbreaks. here, we report a draft genome sequence of v. parahaemolyticus snuvps-1, which was isolated from seafood in a fishery market in the republic of korea and contained tl, toxr, and toxrs(old) genes. the current draft genome sequence will contribute to the effort to monitor the spread of v. parahaemolyticus seafood isolates and clinical isolates.201323405312
uptake and retention of vibrio parahaemolyticus in a cohabitating population of ruditapes decussatus and ruditapes philippinarum under experimental conditions.the presence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in bivalve mollusc is an important cause of foodborne illnesses, and their levels are influenced by environmental changes, such as temperature and salinity. clams are common species in estuaries and are used in environmental monitoring programmes. present study compared the uptake and retention of nonpathogenic v. parahaemolyticus by two species of clam (ruditapes decussatus and r. philippinarum), cohabitating in a closed system. results showed no signific ...201323397223
dynamics of vibrio with virulence genes detected in pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardii) off california: implications for marine mammal health.given their coastal site fidelity and opportunistic foraging behavior, harbor seals (phoca vitulina) may serve as sentinels for coastal ecosystem health. seals using urbanized coastal habitat can acquire enteric bacteria, including vibrio that may affect their health. to understand vibrio dynamics in seals, demographic and environmental factors were tested for predicting potentially virulent vibrio in free-ranging and stranded pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardii) off california. vibri ...201323392641
characterization of a gene encoding the outer membrane receptor for ferric enterobactin in aeromonas hydrophila atcc 7966(t).aeromonas hydrophila atcc 7966(t) produces a catecholate siderophore amonabactin in response to iron starvation. in this study, we determined that this strain utilizes exogenously supplied enterobactin (ent) for growth under iron-limiting conditions. a homology search of the a. hydrophila atcc 7966(t) genomic sequence revealed the existence of a candidate gene encoding a protein homologous to vibrio parahaemolyticus irga that functions as the outer membrane receptor for ferric ent. sds-page show ...201323391908
genetic relationships of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical, human carrier, and environmental sources in thailand, determined by multilocus sequence analysis.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a seafood-borne pathogenic bacterium that is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. we investigated the genetic and evolutionary relationships of 101 v. parahaemolyticus isolates originating from clinical, human carrier, and various environmental and seafood production sources in thailand using multilocus sequence analysis. the isolates were recovered from clinical samples (n = 15), healthy human carriers (n = 18), various types of fresh seafood (n = 18), frozen s ...201323377932
a duplex quantitative real-time pcr assay for the detection of haplosporidium and perkinsus species in shellfish.a duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (dq-pcr) assay was optimized to simultaneously detect haplosporidium spp. and perkinsus spp. of shellfish in one reaction. two sets of specific oligonucleotide primers for haplosporidium spp. and perkinsus spp., along with two hydrolysis probes specific for each parasite group, were used in the assay. the dq-pcr results were detected and analyzed using the light cycler 2.0 software system. the dq-pcr identified and differentiated the two ...201323371501
rapid detection of several foodborne pathogens by f0f1-atpase molecular motor biosensor.f0f1-atpase within chromatophore was constructed as a molecular motor biosensor through ε-subunit antibody-biotin-streptavidin-biotin-ac5-sulfo-osu system. based on probe-dna specific binding, dna of several foodborne pathogens listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae was specifically captured by f0f1-atpase molecular motor biosensors. loads of dna decreased the rotation rate of f0f1-atpase, and led to the decrease of atp synthesis. the detectio ...201323361046
distribution of enteric bacteria in the sediments of parangipettai and cuddalore coast of india.distribution of major groups of enteric bacteria viz., escherichia coli, shigella spp., salmonella spp., vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae was studied in the sediment samples collected from different depths of 5, 15, 25 and 35 m in parangipettai and cuddalore coast during march, 2009 to february, 2010. among the bacterial population in parangipettai, v parahaemolyticus was found to be maximum with an occurrence of 55% followed by shigella spp. (15%), v cholerae (12%), salmonella spp. ( ...201223359995
vibrio parahaemolyticus effector proteins suppress inflammasome activation by interfering with host autophagy signaling.bacterial pathogens utilize pore-forming toxins or sophisticated secretion systems to establish infection in hosts. recognition of these toxins or secretion system by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat proteins (nlrs) triggers the assembly of inflammasomes, the multiprotein complexes necessary for caspase-1 activation and the maturation of inflammatory cytokines such as il-1β or il-18. here we demonstrate that both the nlrp3 and nlrc4 inflammasomes are activated by the ...201323357873
in situ strain-level detection and identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus using surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy.the outer membrane of a bacterium is composed of chemical and biological components that carry specific molecular information related to strains, growth stages, expressions to stimulation, and maybe even geographic differences. in this work, we demonstrate that the biochemical information embedded in the outer membrane can be used for rapid detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria using surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers). we used seven different strains of the marine pathogen ...201323356387
high frequency of virulence factor genes tdh, trh, and tlh in vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from a pristine estuary.virulence factor genes encoding the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) are strongly correlated with virulence of the emergent human pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus. the gene encoding the thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) is also considered a signature molecular marker for the species. these genes are typically reported in very low percentages (1 to 2%) of nonclinical strains. v. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from various niches ...201323354697
prevention of quorum-sensing-mediated biofilm development and virulence factors production in vibrio spp. by curcumin.the increasing occurrence of disease outbreaks caused by vibrio spp. and the emergence of antibiotic resistance has led to a growing interest in finding alternative strategies to prevent vibriosis. since the pathogenicity of vibrios is controlled in part by quorum-sensing (qs) system, interfering with this mechanism would prevent the pathogenicity of vibrios without developing resistance. hence, a non-toxic phytochemical curcumin from curcuma longa was assessed for its potential in reducing the ...201323354447
screening antimicrobial activity of various extracts of urtica dioica.urtica dioica or stinging nettle is traditionally used as an herbal medicine in western asia. the current study represents the investigation of antimicrobial activity of u. dioica from nine crude extracts that were prepared using different organic solvents, obtained from two extraction methods: the soxhlet extractor (method i), which included the use of four solvents with ethyl acetate and hexane, or the sequential partitions (method ii) with a five solvent system (butanol). the antibacterial an ...201223342511
aeromonas hydrophila lateral flagellar gene transcriptional hierarchy.aeromonas hydrophila ah-3 lateral flagella are not assembled when bacteria grow in liquid media; however, lateral flagellar genes are transcribed. our results indicate that a. hydrophila lateral flagellar genes are transcribed at three levels (class i to iii genes) and share some similarities with, but have many important differences from, genes of vibrio parahaemolyticus. a. hydrophila lateral flagellum class i gene transcription is σ(70) dependent, which is consistent with the fact that latera ...201323335410
molecular and expression characterizations of interleukin-8 gene in large yellow croaker (larimichthys crocea).il-8 plays a crucial role in acute inflammation by recruiting and mediating neutrophils and other cells and in initiating the oxidative burst in neutrophils and inducing wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. in the present study, the full-length cdna and genome sequence of interleukin-8 (lcil-8) were cloned from large yellow croaker larimichthys crocea. the lcil-8 cdna sequence was 931 bp, containing a 118-bp 5'-untranslated region (utr), a 528-bp 3'-utr and a 285-bp open reading frame (orf) ...201323333360
effect of temperature on growth of vibrio paraphemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in flounder, salmon sashimi and oyster meat.vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus are the major pathogenic vibrio species which contaminate ready-to-eat seafood. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of human illness resulting from consumption of ready-to-eat seafood such as sashimi and raw oyster meat due to the presence of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus. we compared the growth kinetics of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus strains in broth and ready-to-eat seafood, including flounder and salmon sashimi, as ...201223330227
inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus in hard clams (mercanaria mercanaria) by high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) and the effect of hhp on the physical characteristics of hard clam meat.shellfish may internalize dangerous pathogens during filter feeding. traditional methods of depuration have been found ineffective against certain pathogens. the objective was to explore high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) as an alternative to the traditional depuration process. the effect of hhp on the survival of vibrio parahaemolyticus in live clams (mercanaria mercanaria) and the impact of hhp on physical characteristics of clam meat were investigated. clams were inoculated with up to 7 log cfu/ ...201323324022
preliminary study of transplanting as a process for reducing levels of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellstock oysters.increasingly strict standards for harvest of oysters for the raw, half-shell market (designated as "white tag") should increase the proportion of oysters not meeting these standards (designated as "green tag"). transplanting of green tag oysters into highsalinity waters (>20 practical salinity units) was explored as a means of returning vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus levels to levels present on initial harvest. in summer 2011, oysters originally harvested in louisiana were transpl ...201323317866
lactobacillus brevis kb290 enhances il-8 secretion by vibrio parahaemolyticus-infected caco-2 cells.vibrio parahaemolyticus in uncooked seafood causes acute gastroenteritis. the microorganism has two sets of type iii secretion systems and two hemolysins. when it injects its effector proteins into a host cell via type iii secretion system 1, one of the type iii secretion systems induces secretion of interleukin (il)-8, a proinflammatory chemokine, through the phosphorylation of erk 1/2 and p38 mapk. although probiotics have beneficial effects on hosts and can help control some infectious diseas ...201323314377
effects of the dietary administration of sodium alginate on the immune responses and disease resistance of taiwan abalone, haliotis diversicolor supertexta.sodium alginate extracted from brown algae was reported to enhance the immune response and resistance of fish and shrimp. in this study, survival rates of the abalone, haliotis diversicolor supertexta, against vibrio parahaemolyticus, and its non-specific immune parameters such as the total haemocyte count (thc), phenoloxidase (po) activity, respiratory bursts, superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, phagocytic activity, and clearance efficiency to v. parahaemolyticus by h. diversicolor supertexta ...201323296117
decontamination of vibrio parahaemolyticus in fish by washing with hygienic seawater and impacts of the high level contamination in the gills and viscera.the effect of washing in vibrio parahaemolyticus contaminated and hygienic seawater on fish, and the frequency and level of natural v. parahaemolyticus contamination in fish were investigated. in the first experiment, live horse mackerel was experimentally kept in seawater artificially contaminated with v. parahaemolyticus. after washing in contaminated and hygienic seawater, the contamination in fish was quantitatively analyzed. washing fish in the seawater contaminated with v. parahaemolyticus ...201323292104
changes of ultrastructure and stress tolerance of vibrio parahaemolyticus upon entering viable but nonculturable state.this study examined the change of ultrastructure and stress tolerance of the marine foodborne pathogen, vibrio parahaemolyticus 1137, when incubated under viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state induction conditions for different time intervals. the rod-shaped v. parahaemolyticus cells in the exponential phase became coccoid cells in the vbnc state, with aberrantly shaped cells formed in the initial stage. in the aberrantly shaped cells, the cell wall was loosened, flexible and allowed the cell to ...201323290246
apha is required for biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus.apha is a small padr-family dna-binding regulator in vibrios. apha has been shown to be involved in transcriptional auto-repression, intestinal colonization and lethality in mice, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing in vibrio cholerae. the apha protein of vibrio parahaemolyticus has 85% identity to that of v. cholerae with the same number of amino acids. in this work, the apha null mutant was constructed from a wild-type pandemic strain of v. parahaemolyticus for characterization of the phenot ...201223290231
prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster and clam culturing environments in taiwan.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most prevalent gastroenteritis pathogen in taiwan and some other asian countries, and it frequently occurs in oysters and other seafood. this study monitors changes in the density of v. parahaemolyticus and environmental parameters in oyster and hard clam aquacultural environments in taiwan. water, sediment and shellfish samples were collected from five sampling sites in 2008-2010, and analyzed for environmental physiochemical parameters, numbers of indicator bacte ...201323290223
[effects of ultra-high pressure on membrane components in vibrio parahaemolyticus].we observed the changes in cell membrane of vibrio parahaemolyticus which is a prevalent foodborne pathogen by high pressure treatments.201223289323
detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in food samples using in situ loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.a novel in situ loop-mediated isothermal amplification (in situ lamp) technique for rapid detection of the food-borne vibrio parahaemolyticus strains had been developed and evaluated in this study. the sensitivity of the in situ lamp assay was detected to be 10 cfu/reaction via test in serial 10-fold dilutions of v. parahaemolyticus cells, and high specificity had also been obtained through confirmation with 14 reference gram-positive and -negative strains. application of the established in situ ...201323266627
development and validation of a predictive model for the growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus in post-harvest shellstock oysters.information is limited about the growth and survival of naturally-occurring vibrio parahaemolyticus in live oysters under commercially relevant storage conditions harvested from different regions and in different oyster species. this study produced a predictive model for the growth of naturally-occurring v. parahaemolyticus in live eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) harvested from the chesapeake bay, md, usa and stored at 5-30 °c until oysters gapped. the model was validated with model-inde ...201323246606
rapid identification and differentiation of vibrio parahaemolyticus from vibrio spp. in seafood samples using developed monoclonal antibodies.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to vibrio parahaemolyticus were successfully generated. according to the specificity of v. parahaemolyticus, mabs can be classified into 5 groups. the mabs vp-2d and vp-11h were specific to the o2 and o4 groups of v. parahaemolyticus, respectively. the mab vp-11b reacted with 11 out of 30 isolates of v. parahaemolyticus used in this study. the mab vp-516 bound to 27 out of 30 isolates of v. parahaemolyticus and cross reacted with all 10 isolates of v. algino ...201323233121
alleviating effects of lactobacillus strains on pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus-induced intestinal fluid accumulation in the mouse model.the aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic effects of lactobacillus strains against vibrio parahaemolyticus causing gastroenteritis. six-week-old icr mice were pretreated with four lactobacillus strains at three dosages, and then challenged with v. parahaemolyticus tgqx01 (serotype o3:k6). the results showed that v. parahaemolyticus tgqx01 caused severe intestinal fluid accumulation (fa) and villi damage in control mice which were pretreated with phosphate-buffered saline. in contrast, ...201323210909
genome sequence of the human-pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus type strain atcc 27562.vibrio vulnificus, which is, like vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus, a pathogen of humankind, is a gram-negative, curved, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium [corrected] here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain, atcc 27562, which was the first isolated vibrio vulnificus strain.201223209214
identification, characterization, and function analysis of the cactus gene from litopenaeus vannamei.the nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-κb) pathways play important roles in innate immune responses. iκb is the main cytoplasmic inhibitor of nf-κb. in this study, we identified the lvcactus gene from litopenaeus vannamei, which is the first cloned iκb homologue in subphylum crustacea. lvcactus contains six predicted ankyrin repeats, which show similarities to those of cactus proteins from insects. lvcactus localizes in cytoplasm and interacts with lvdorsal, an l. vannamei homologue to drosophila melano ...201223185415
molecular cloning, characterization of one key molecule of teleost innate immunity from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides): serum amyloid a.the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), a favorite marine food fish, is widely cultured in china and southeast asian countries. however, little is known about its acute phase response (apr) caused by viral diseases. serum amyloid a (saa) is a major acute phase protein (app). in this study, a new saa homologous (ecsaa) gene was cloned from grouper, e. coioides, by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna sequence of saa was 508 bp and contained a 363 bp open re ...201323178260
expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1) in response to bacterial challenge and tissue injury in the pearl oyster, pinctada martensii.allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1), an interferon (ifn)-γ-inducible calcium-binding cytokine, is associated with the inflammatory response and defense. we cloned and analyzed the expression pattern of the aif-1 gene of the pearl oyster pinctada martensii, hereafter designated pmaif-1. the full-length pmaif-1 cdna is 946 bp in length and consists of a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 120 bp, a 3'-utr of 376 bp, and an open reading frame (orf) of 450 bp encoding a polypeptide of 149 amino acid ...201323178259
[vpa1045 and vpa1049 of vibrio parahaemolyticus regulate translocation of hcp2].vibrio parahaemolyticus causes acute gastroenteritis by secreting a number of virulence factors including two sets of type vi secretion systems (t6ss1 and t6ss2). however, it remains unknown how t6ss is regulated in the bacterium and what kinds of effects the systems have on adhesion onto and invasion into the host cells. this study was attempted to examine if vpa1045 and vpa1049 regulate t6ss2.201223173431
genome sequence of temperate vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteriophage vb_vpas_mar10.vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized as one of the main causes of human gastroenteritis associated with seafood. we have fully sequenced the genome of a newly isolated phage, vb_vpas_mar10, which lysed 61.9% of the v. parahaemolyticus strains tested. phage mar10 is a temperate siphovirus, and its genome consists of double-stranded dna (dsdna) with a size of 78,751 bp, a g+c content of 49.70%, and 104 open reading frames. bioinformatic analysis shows that phage mar10 is closely related to vibrio ...201223166255
[study of possibility of formation of vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic clones based on retrospective pcr-screening of clinical strains].pcr-genotyping of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains that had caused sporadic diseases in novorossiysk from 1973 to 1976.201223163032
probiotics in the intestinal tract of juvenile whiteleg shrimp litopenaeus vannamei: modulation of the bacterial community.molecular analysis of the 16s rdna of the intestinal microbiota of whiteleg shrimp litopenaeus vannamei was examined to investigate the effect of a bacillus mix (bacillus endophyticus yc3-b, bacillus endophyticus c2-2, bacillus tequilensisyc5-2) and the commercial probiotic (alibio(®)) on intestinal bacterial communities and resistance to vibrio infection. pcr and single strain conformation polymorphism (sscp) analyses were then performed on dna extracted directly from guts. injection of shrimp ...201323161451
characterization of myosin light chain gene up-regulated in the large yellow croaker immunity by interaction with rangtpase.rangtpases are highly conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to human and have been implicated in many aspects of nuclear structure and function. in our previous study, it was revealed that the rangtpase was up-regulated in large yellow croaker challenged by pathogen. however, the mechanism of rangtpase in immunity remains unclear. in this investigation, on the basis of protein interaction, it was found that rangtpase interacted with myosin light chain (designated as lycmlc), a crucial protein in th ...201323159872
characterization of the type iii secretion associated low calcium response genes of vibrio parahaemolyticus rimd2210633.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant human pathogen associated with gastroenteritis. two v. parahaemolyticus type 3 secretion systems, t3ss-1 and t3ss-2, secrete effector proteins and have been implicated in host-cell cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity, respectively. vibrio parahaemolyticus t3ss-1 substrates have been identified, although many predicted substrates (based on homologies) remain undetected in secreted fractions and therefore uncharacterized. we have experimentally developed and op ...201223145828
effect of water treatment on the growth potential of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus in seawater.in laboratory experiments we added vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus to bottles with seawater previously treated by filtration, uv, chlorine or ozone. the purpose was to investigate the influence of different treatment techniques on the growth potential of these bacteria in simulated ballast water tanks. residual oxidants were removed before inoculation, and the bottles were incubated at 21 ± 1 °c. the growth potential of the vibrios was investigated in two different experimental setup ...201323127287
the role of type iii secretion system 2 in vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenicity.vibrio parahaemolyticus, a gram-negative marine bacterial pathogen, is emerging as a major cause of food-borne illnesses worldwide due to the consumption of raw seafood leading to diseases including gastroenteritis, wound infection, and septicemia. the bacteria utilize toxins and type iii secretion system (t3ss) to trigger virulence. t3ss is a multi-subunit needle-like apparatus used to deliver bacterial proteins, termed effectors, into the host cytoplasm which then target various eukaryotic sig ...201223124738
development of a groel gene-based species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for simultaneous detection of vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus.to develop an effective multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the simultaneous detection of three important vibrio species, vibrio cholerae (vc), v. parahaemolyticus (vp) and v. vulnificus (vv) using the groel gene, a potential phylogenetic marker.201323121500
complete genome sequence of vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteriophage vb_vpam_mar.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major pathogen that is mainly associated with seafood and is a global food safety issue. our objective was to isolate and completely sequence a specific phage against this bacterium. phage vb_vpam_mar is able to lyse 76% of the v. parahaemolyticus strains tested. mar belongs to the myoviridae family and has a genome comprised of double-stranded dna with a size of 41,351 bp, a g+c content of 51.3%, and 62 open reading frames (orfs). bioinformatic analysis showed that ...201223118463
antibiofilm activity of dendrophthoe falcata against different bacterial pathogens.dendrophthoe falcata is a hemiparasitic plant commonly used for ailments such as ulcers, asthma, impotence, paralysis, skin diseases, menstrual troubles, pulmonary tuberculosis, and wounds. in this context, the validations of the traditional claim that the leaf extract of d. falcata possesses antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing activity against different bacterial pathogens were assessed. the bacterial biofilms were quantified by crystal violet staining. among the 17 bacterial pathogens screened ...201223115018
electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid biosensor based on carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide and poly-l-lysine modified electrode for the detection of tlh gene sequence related to vibrio parahaemolyticus.a carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide (go-cooh) and electropolymerized poly-l-lysine (plly) modified glassy carbon electrode (gce) was fabricated and used for the construction of an electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) biosensor. the nh(2) modified probe ssdna sequences were immobilized on the surface of go-cooh/plly/gce by covalent linking with the formation of amide bonds, which was stable and further hybridized with the target ssdna sequence. differential pulse voltammetry (dpv) was ...201223101650
heterogeneous interactome between litopenaeus vannamei plasma proteins and vibrio parahaemolyticus outer membrane proteins.a great loss has been suffered by microbial infectious diseases under intensive shrimp farming in recent years. in this background, the understanding of shrimp innate immunity becomes an importantly scientific issue, but little is known about the heterogeneous protein-protein interaction between pathogenic cells and hosts, which is a key step for the invading microbes to infect internet organs through bloodstream. in the present study, bacterial outer membrane (om) protein array and pull-down ap ...201323099052
the role of catalase in the immune response to oxidative stress and pathogen challenge in the clam meretrix meretrix.catalase (cat) can effectively eliminate h(2)o(2) and maintain the redox balance of immune system, which is essential for innate immunity. a catalase gene was cloned and its potential role in immune system was investigated in the clam, meretrix meretrix. the catalase (mmecat) gene had an open reading frame of 1533 bp encoding 511 amino acids which showed high identity with that of molluscs. the distribution of mmecat in clam tissues was examined and the mrna, protein expression and cat activity ...201323079536
the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of hen igy against vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus.the inhibitory effect of igy against vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus responsible for seafood-borne diseases was investigated in this study. water-soluble fractions (wsf) of protein containing igys were isolated from the egg yolk of hens initially immunized with formalin inactivated v. parahaemolyticus or v. vulnificus. protein, total and specific igy contents of the wsf were determined. the inhibitory and protective effects of igys on the growth of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnif ...201223075795
development of o-serogroup specific pcr assay for detection and identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a human pathogen that is widely disseminated in estuarine, marine and coastal environments throughout the world, and is recognized as the leading cause of food-borne illness worldwide. v. parahaemolyticus infections have been characterized by causal associations with multiple, diverse serotypes. to date, 13 o-serogroups have been recognized in v. parahaemolyticus, although only the o-serogroup genetic determinants (ogds) of serogroups o3 and o4 have been sequenced. in ...201223072697
identification and function of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) in litopenaeus vannamei.myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) is a universal and essential signaling protein in toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 receptor-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa b. in this study, two myd88 protein variants (lvmyd88 and lvmyd88-1) were identified in litopenaeus vannamei. the lvmyd88 cdna is 1,848 bp in length and contains an open reading frame (orf) of 1,428 bp, whereas the lvmyd88-1 cdna is 1,719 bp in length and has an orf of 1,299 bp. both variants encode proteins with death an ...201223071706
transcriptional response of lysozyme, metallothionein, and superoxide dismutase to combined exposure to heavy metals and bacteria in mactra veneriformis.the response of the defense components lysozyme (lyz), metallothionein (mt), and superoxide dismutase (sod) to combined exposure to heavy metals and bacteria was assessed at transcriptional level in the surf clam mactra veneriformis. first, the full-length lyz cdna containing 808 nucleotides and encoding 194 deduced amino acids was identified from the clam. multiple alignments revealed that mvlyz had a high identity with invertebrate-type lyzs from other mollusks. next, clams were exposed to vib ...201323058986
nontoxigenic vibrio parahaemolyticus strains causing acute gastroenteritis.we investigated the virulence properties of four vibrio parahaemolyticus strains causing acute gastroenteritis following consumption of indigenous mussels in italy. the isolated strains were cytotoxic and adhesive but, surprisingly, lacked tdh, trh, and type three secretion system 2 (t3ss2) genes. we emphasize that nontoxigenic v. parahaemolyticus can induce acute gastroenteritis, highlighting the need for more investigation of the pathogenicity of this microorganism.201223052317
rise and fall of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype o3:k6 in southern chile.seafood consumption-related diarrhoea increased drastically in chile when the pandemic strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype o3:k6 reached region de los lagos, where most of chile's seafood is produced. outbreaks peaked in 2005 with 3725 clinical cases in this region and gradually decreased to fewer than 10 cases in 2010 and 2011. we show here that the pandemic strain concurrently vanished from mussels; we also report further environmental data. integration of the 2010/2011 data with those ...201323051148
the vibrio cholerae trh gene is coordinately regulated in vitro with type iii secretion system genes by vttr(a)/vttr(b) but does not contribute to caco2-bbe cell cytotoxicity.numerous virulence factors have been associated with pathogenic non-o1/non-o139 serogroup strains of vibrio cholerae. among them are the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and the tdh-related hemolysin (trh), which share amino acid similarities to the tdh and trh proteins of vibrio parahaemolyticus, where they have been shown to contribute to pathogenesis. although tdh and trh homologs can be encoded on extrachromosomal elements in v. cholerae, type iii secretion system (t3ss)-positive strains, ...201223045478
genetic diversity of clinical and environmental vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from the pacific northwest.since 1997, cases of vibrio parahaemolyticus-related gastroenteritis from the consumption of raw oysters harvested in washington state have been higher than historical levels. these cases have shown little or no correlation with concentrations of potentially pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus (positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin gene, tdh) in oysters, although significant concentrations of tdh(+) v. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from shellfish-growing areas in the pacific northwe ...201223042162
prevalence and distribution of vibrio parahaemolyticus in finfish from cochin (south india).finfish samples obtained from four retail outlets in cochin between june 2009 and june 2010 were investigated for the occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus. a total of 182 samples were collected and suspect isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests and were further confirmed by a species-specific tlh gene. v. parahaemolyticus was detected in 45.1% of samples, with demersal fish being more affected than pelagic species. the bacterium was isolated more frequently from the skin and ...201323038073
distribution of potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria in coastal sea waters along the southern kerala coast, india.this study evaluated the relationship between the traditional indicators of faecal pollution, total coliforms (tc), faecal coliforms (fc) and faecalstreptococci (fs), and the presence of few potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria, vibrio cholerae (vc), vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp), shigella spp. (sh) and salmonella spp. (sl) in coastal sea water. the distributional statuses of these bacteria were also studied along the southern kerala coast. cluster analyses were done to identify similar groups ...201223033645
clinical, epidemiological, and spatial characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus diarrhea and cholera in the urban slums of kolkata, india.there is not much information on the differences in clinical, epidemiological and spatial characteristics of diarrhea due to v. cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus from non-coastal areas. we investigated the differences in clinical, epidemiological and spatial characteristics of the two vibrio species in the urban slums of kolkata, india.201223020794
a severe case of aeromonas veronii biovar sobria travellers' diarrhoea characterized by vibrio parahaemolyticus co-isolation.we report a severe case of travellers' diarrhoea in a patient returning from ecuador to italy with the concomitant presence of aeromonas veronii biovar sobria and vibrio parahaemolyticus in their faeces. based on diagnostic results, epidemiological information and the clinical outcome, we conclude that the real aetiological agent was a. veronii biovar sobria, while v. parahaemolyticus was only transient in the intestine of the patient.201323002063
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