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a novel pcr-based approach for accurate identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus.a pcr-based assay was developed for more accurate identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus through targeting the bla carb-17 like element, an intrinsic β-lactamase gene that may also be regarded as a novel species-specific genetic marker of this organism. homologous analysis showed that bla carb-17 like genes were more conservative than the tlh, toxr and atpa genes, the genetic markers commonly used as detection targets in identification of v. parahaemolyticus. our data showed that this bla car ...201626858713
variations of immune parameters in the lined seahorse hippocampus erectus after infection with enteritis pathogen of vibrio parahaemolyticus.enteritis has been increasingly recognized as one of the major obstacles for the lined seahorse hippocampus erectus mass culture success. in the present study, the intestinal bacteria strains of the lined seahorses h. erectus suffered from enteritis were isolated, then their pathogenicities were confirmed by artificial infection, and one pathogenic bacteria strain named ds3 was obtained. the median lethal dose (ld50) of strain ds3 for 10 days was determined. the seahorses with different infectio ...201626851568
characterization of blooming algae and bloom-associated changes in the water quality parameters of traditional pokkali cum prawn fields along the south west coast of india.in tropical shrimp farms, especially in traditional pokkali shrimp ponds, poor water quality management can lead to serious threats like heavy algal blooms and frequent disease outbreaks. an investigation regarding the frequent disease outbreaks in selected pokkali shrimp pond adjoining the cochin backwaters has been conducted. water quality parameters were analyzed during the study period. results indicate a considerable fluctuation in the concentration of dissolved oxygen (do) in the study in ...201626850711
responses of three very large inducible gtpases to bacterial and white spot syndrome virus challenges in the giant fresh water prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii.interferons (ifns) are cytokines secreted by cells in response to invasion by pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or tumor cells. very large inducible gtpases (vlig) are the latest ifn-inducible gtpase family to be discovered and are the largest known gtpases of any species. however, vlig proteins from invertebrates have yet to be characterized. in this study, three forms of vligs designated as mrvlig1, mrvlig2, and mrvlig3 were cloned from the giant fresh water prawn macrobrachium ...201626850335
[etiologic characteristics of food-borne vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated in guangdong, 2014].to investigate the serotypes, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and molecular characteristics of food-borne vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in guangdong province in 2014.201526850252
impacts of climatic variability on vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks in taiwan.this study aimed to investigate and quantify the relationship between climate variation and incidence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in taiwan. specifically, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (arima) models (including autoregression, seasonality, and a lag-time effect) were employed to predict the role of climatic factors (including temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, ocean temperature and ocean salinity) on the incidence of v. parahaemolyticus in taiwan between 2000 and 2011. ...201626848675
epidemiological investigation of a foodborne outbreak in spain associated with u.s. west coast genotypes of vibrio parahaemolyticus.we describe an outbreak of seafood-associated vibrio parahaemolyticus in galicia, spain in on 18th of august 2012 affecting 100 of the 114 passengers travelling on a food banquet cruise boat. epidemiological information from 65 people was available from follow-on interviews, of which 51 cases showed symptoms of illness. the food items identified through the questionnaires as the most probable source of the infections was shrimp. this product was unique in showing a statistically significant and ...201626848427
[etiological surveillance for diarrhea in shanghai from august 2013 to july 2014].to understand the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea cases in shanghai from august 2013 to july 2014.201526837353
sensor histidine kinase is a β-lactam receptor and induces resistance to β-lactam antibiotics.β-lactams disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis, and these agents are the most widely used antibiotics. one of the principle mechanisms by which bacteria resist the action of β-lactams is by producing β-lactamases, enzymes that degrade β-lactams. in gram-negative bacteria, production of β-lactamases is often induced in response to the antibiotic-associated damage to the cell wall. here, we have identified a previously unidentified mechanism that governs β-lactamase production. in the gram-negati ...201626831117
a novel c-type lectin, nattectin-like protein, with a wide range of bacterial agglutination activity in large yellow croaker larimichthys crocea.c-type lectins (ctls) are generally recognized as a superfamily of ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins, which serve as pattern recognition receptors (prrs) in innate immunity of vertebrates. in this study, the molecular characterization and immune roles of a novel ctl from larimichthys crocea (designated as lcntc) were investigated. lcntc is a novel protein that shared 33%-49% homology with other teleosts ctls. the full-length cdna of lcntc was composed of 859 bp with a 465 bp open re ...201626828263
pathogenicity of vibrio parahaemolyticus in different food matrices.the pathogenicity and virulence factors of vibrio parahaemolyticus in four food matrices--shrimp, freshwater fish, pork, and egg-fried rice--were compared by measuring the thermostable direct hemolysin activity and total hemolytic titer. significantly high thermostable direct hemolysin and also hemolytic titers (p < 0.05) were produced by v. parahaemolyticus in egg-fried rice > shrimp > freshwater fish > pork. filtrates of v. parahaemolyticus in shrimp given intraperitoneally induced marked live ...201626818990
antimicrobial properties of a potential probiotic lactobacillus from thai newborn feces.probiotics are increasingly used to treat infectious diarrhea and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. many probiotic bacteria are classified in general such as lactobacillus and are able to colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of infants.201526817219
a novel c-type lectin is involved in the innate immunity of macrobrachium nipponense.c-type lectins (ctls) play important roles in invertebrate innate immunity by recognizing and eliminating pathogens. in the present study, a low-density lipoprotein receptor class a (ldla) domain-containing ctl was identified from the oriental river prawn macrobrachium nipponense, designated as mnctldcp1. the full-length cdna of mnctldcp1 was composed of 1462 bp, with a 999-bp orf encoding a 332-aa protein. an ldla and a single c-type lectin-like domain (ctld) were found. the mrna transcripts of ...201626804648
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using a probiotic bacillus licheniformis dahb1 and their antibiofilm activity and toxicity effects in ceriodaphnia cornuta.in the present study, we synthesized and characterized a probiotic bacillus licheniformis cell free extract (blcfe) coated silver nanoparticles (blcfe-agnps). these blcfe-agnps were characterized by uv-visible spectrophotometer, xrd, edx, ftir, tem and afm. a strong surface plasmon resonance centered at 422 nm in uv-visible spectrum indicates the formation of agnps. the xrd spectrum of silver nanoparticles exhibited 2θ values corresponding to the silver nanocrystal. tem and afm showed the agnps ...201626802520
biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of the adathoda vasica linn extract mediated silver nanoparticles.the aim of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility and anti-vibrio efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) using an aqueous leaf extract of adathoda vasica (a. vasica). the green synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by uv-vis, fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission electron microscopy (tem), scanning electron microscopy (sem) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (edx). a. vasica agnps showed significant an ...201626802519
rapid and sensitive detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus by multiple endonuclease restriction real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique.vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus are two marine seafood-borne pathogens causing severe illnesses in humans and aquatic animals. in this study, a recently developed novel multiple endonuclease restriction real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology (mert-lamp) were successfully developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus strains in only a single reaction. two mert-lamp primer sets were designed to specifically target tox ...201626797596
evidence of antibacterial activities in peptide fractions originating from snow crab (chionoecetes opilio) by-products.antibacterial peptide fractions generated via proteolytic processing of snow crab by-products exhibited activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. among the bacterial strains tested, peptide fractions demonstrated inhibitory activity against the gram-negative bacteria such as aeromonas caviae, aeromonas hydrophila, campylobacter jejuni, listonella anguillarum, morganella morganii, shewanella putrefasciens, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus and against a few gram-posit ...201026781242
serogroup, virulence, and molecular traits of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from clinical and cockle sources in northeastern thailand.vibrio parahaemolyticus is responsible for seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. isolates of v. parahaemolyticus from clinical samples (n=74) and cockles (anadara granosa) (n=74) in thailand were analyzed by serotyping, determination of virulence and related marker genes present, response to antimicrobial agents, and genetic relatedness. serological analysis revealed 31 different serotypes, 10 of which occurred among both clinical and cockle samples. the clinical isolates commonly included th ...201626773828
occurrence and molecular characterisation of vibrio parahaemolyticus in crustaceans commercialised in venice area, italy.infections due to the pathogenic human vibrios, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus, are mainly associated with consumption of raw or partially cooked bivalve molluscs. at present, little is known about the presence of vibrio species in crustaceans and the risk of vibriosis associated with the consumption of these products. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and concentration of the main pathogenic vibrio spp. in samples of crustaceans (n=143) ...201626773255
identification and pathogenicity of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates and immune responses of penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei (boone).five different vibrio parahaemolyticus strains (sh8, sh108, sh58, ah5 and gd10) isolated from the hepatopancreas of moribund shrimp in farms of mainland china were identified and capable of inducing massive mortality of penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei. the immersion challenge results with five isolates indicated variance of virulence, while only gd10 caused massive sloughing of tubule epithelial cells which was recognized as the most significant symptom of ahpnd. differences in immune responses w ...201626763100
functions of vpa1418 and vpa0305 catalase genes in growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus under oxidative stress.the marine foodborne enteropathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus has four putative catalase genes. the functions of two kate-homologous genes, kate1 (vpa1418) and kate2 (vpa0305), in the growth of this bacterium were examined using gene deletion mutants with or without complementary genes. the growth of the mutant strains in static or shaken cultures in a rich medium at 37°c or at low temperatures (12 and 4°c), with or without competition from escherichia coli, did not differ from that of the parent ...201626746716
mkk6 from pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei is responsive to bacterial and wssv infection.p38 mitogen-actived protein kinases (mapks) broadly exist from yeast to mammals and participate in diverse cellular responses to various stimuli, whose activation can be induced by the mapk kinase 6 (mkk6). in this study, a novel mkk6 homolog from litopenaeus vannamei (lvmkk6) was cloned and characterized. the transcript of lvmkk6 was 1465bp long with an open reading frame (orf) of 987bp that encoded a polypeptide of 328 amino acids. lvmkk6 was a both cytoplasmic- and nuclear-localized protein a ...201626745320
the expression of heterologous mam-7 in lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces its intrinsic capacity to inhibit colonization of pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus in vitro.vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus) is a gram-negative, halophilic bacterium recognized as one of the most important foodborne pathogen. when ingested, v. parahaemolyticus causes a self-limiting illness (vibriosis), characterized mainly by watery diarrhoea. treatment is usually oral rehydration and/or antibiotics in complicated cases. since 1996, the pathogenic and pandemic v. parahaemolyticus o3:k6 serotype has spread worldwide, increasing the reported number of vibriosis cases. thus, ...201626739707
structural characterization and biomedical properties of sulfated polysaccharide from the gladius of sepioteuthis lessoniana (lesson, 1831).sulfated polysaccharide was extracted from the internal shell (gladius) of sepioteuthis lessoniana. the sulfated polysaccharide contained 61.3% of carbohydrate, 0.8% of protein, 28.2% of ash and 1.33% of moisture respectively. the elemental composition was analyzed using chns/o analyzer. the molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide determined through page was found to be as 66 kda. monosaccharides analysis revealed that sulfated polysaccharide was composed of rhamnose, galactose, xylose and g ...201626724686
construction and immune protection evaluation of recombinant polyvalent ompas derived from genetically divergent ompa by dna shuffling.a wide variety of bacterial infections is a major challenge in aquaculture. development of polyvalent vaccines that can fight against as many pathogens as possible is especially necessary. the present study uses dna shuffling to create a new hybrid ompa with improved cross-protection against vibrio alginolyticus and edwardsiella tarda through the recombination of six ompa genes from vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. alginolyticus, e. tarda and escherichia coli. out of the 43 recombinant chimeras genes ...201626707781
identification and characterization of mkk7 as an upstream activator of jnk in litopenaeus vannamei.mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (mkk7) is a key signal transduction regulator in c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) signaling pathway, which is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. in this study, we described the molecular cloning of a new member of mkk7 group from litopenaeus vannamei named as lvmkk7. the full-length cdna of lvmkk7 was 3093 bp in length, with an open reading frame (orf) of 1440bp encoding a putative protein of 479 amino acids. lvmkk7 contai ...201626707780
two distinct interferon-γ genes in tetraodon nigroviridis: functional analysis during vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.interferon gamma (ifnγ) is a th1 cytokine that plays a very important role in almost all phases of immune and inflammatory responses. in this study, we explored the functions of ifnγ1 and ifnγ2 of tetraodon nigroviridis. treating t. nigroviridis spleen and head kidney cells in vitro with recombinant t. nigroviridis ifnγ1 protein (rtn ifnγ1) or recombinant t. nigroviridis ifnγ2 protein (rtn ifnγ2) enhanced their nitric oxide responses. both rtn ifnγ1 and rtn ifnγ2 also induced the expression of i ...201626701668
a strategic approach for rapid synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by panax ginseng leaves.the study highlights the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles by fresh leaves of panax ginseng, an herbal medicinal plant. the reduction of auric chloride and silver nitrate led to the formation of gold and silver nanoparticles within 3 and 45 min, at 80°c, respectively. the developed methodology was rapid, facile, ecofriendly and the utmost significant is quite economical, which did not require subsequent processing for reduction or stabilization of nanoparticles. the nanopa ...201626698271
occurrence and antibiotic resistance of vibrio parahaemolyticus from shellfish in selangor, malaysia.high consumer demand for shellfish has led to the need for large-scale, reliable shellfish supply through aquaculture or shellfish farming. however, bacterial infections which can spread rapidly among shellfish poses a major threat to this industry. shellfish farmers therefore often resort to extensive use of antibiotics, both prophylactically and therapeutically, in order to protect their stocks. the extensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture has been postulated to represent a major contributi ...201526697003
characterization of hemocyanin from the mud crab scylla paramamosain and its expression analysis in different tissues, at various stages, and under vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.hemocyanin is an important respiratory protein in many arthropod and mollusk species. here, four cdnas (sphc1, sphc2, sphc3, and sphc4), encoding distinct hemocyanin subunits from scylla paramamosain were cloned using est analyses and the rapid amplification of cdna ends. the four full-length cdna fragments (sphc1-4) were 2281, 2002, 2184, and 2069 bp, respectively, and they encoded four putative proteins (570-676 amino acids) with a molecular mass of ~65.0-76.8 kda. quantitative real-time pcr a ...201526681010
investigation of reference genes in vibrio parahaemolyticus for gene expression analysis using quantitative rt-pcr.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant human pathogen capable of causing foodborne gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of contaminated raw or undercooked seafood. quantitative rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) is a useful tool for studying gene expression in v. parahaemolyticus to characterize its virulence factors and understand the effect of environmental conditions on its pathogenicity. however, there is not a stable gene in v. parahaemolyticus that has been identified for use as a reference gen ...201526659406
nqrm (duf539) protein is required for maturation of bacterial na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase.na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr) catalyzes electron transfer from nadh to ubiquinone in the bacterial respiratory chain, coupled with na(+) translocation across the membrane. na(+)-nqr maturation involves covalent attachment of flavin mononucleotide (fmn) residues, catalyzed by flavin transferase encoded by the nqr-associated apbe gene. analysis of complete bacterial genomes has revealed another putative gene (duf539, here renamed nqrm) that usually follows the apbe ge ...201626644436
genomic features of environmental and clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates lacking recognized virulence factors are dissimilar.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial pathogen that can cause illness after the consumption or handling of contaminated seafood. the primary virulence factors associated with v. parahaemolyticus illness are thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh). however, clinical strains lacking tdh and trh have recently been isolated, and these clinical isolates are poorly understood. to help understand the emergence of clinical tdh- and trh-negative isolates, a genomic approach w ...201626637607
draft genome sequence of vibrio owensii strain sh-14, which causes shrimp acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease.we sequenced vibrio owensii strain sh-14, which causes serious acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) in shrimp. sequence analysis showed a large extrachromosomal plasmid, which encoded pir toxin genes and shared highly sequence similarity with the one observed in ahpnd-causing vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. the results suggest that this plasmid appears to play an important role in shrimp ahpnd.201526634753
vibrio alginolyticus associated chronic myringitis acquired in mediterranean waters of turkey.vibrio alginolyticus was originally classified as biotype 2 of vibrio parahaemolyticus. most clinical isolates are recovered from superficial wounds or the external ear infections. v. alginolyticus is acknowledged to be nearly nonpathogenic in humans. the reason for presence of v. alginolyticus's virulence is uncertain. we describe a chronic myringitis case in a 47-year-old female due to v. alginolyticus. according to her anamnesis, it was detected that she had sea bathing history in mugla coast ...201526605095
characterization and antimicrobial application of biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles by using microbacterium resistens.various microorganisms were found to be cable of synthesizing gold and silver nanoparticles when gold and silver salts were supplied in the reaction system. the main objective of this study was to evaluate the extracellular synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by the type strain microbacterium resistens(t) [kacc14505]. the biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (uv-vis), field emission transmission electron micrograph (fe-tem), e ...201626597594
serology, virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics of clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus strains circulating in southeastern china from 2009 to 2013.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of food-borne diarrhoea in coastal countries. although v. parahaemolyticus cases have been reported since 1950, they have been poorly documented. from july 2009 to june 2013, we collected 6951 faecal specimens for pathogen detection; v. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from 563 specimens (8.1%). we then analysed the characteristics of the 501 v. parahaemolyticus strains that were isolated as the sole pathogen. twenty-one serotypes were identified ...201626597222
a label-free multi-functionalized graphene oxide based electrochemiluminscence immunosensor for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seawater and seafood.a label-free electrochemiluminescence (ecl) immunosensor for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of marine pathogenic bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) in seawater and seafood was developed based on multi-functionalized graphene oxide, which was prepared with n-(4-aminobutyl)-n-ethylisoluminol (abei) and vp antibody (anti-vp) simultaneously immobilized on the surface of magnetic graphene oxide (nanofe3o4@go). abei and anti-vp acted as the electrochemiluminophore and the capture device for vp ...201626592599
genetic diversity of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from farmed pacific white shrimp and ambient pond water affected by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease outbreak in thailand.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) is an emerging shrimp disease that causes massive die-offs in farmed shrimps. recent outbreaks of ahpnd in asia have been causing great losses for shrimp culture and have become a serious socioeconomic problem. the causative agent of ahpnd is vibrio parahaemolyticus, which is typically known to cause food-borne gastroenteritis in humans. however, there have been few reports of the epidemiology of v. parahaemolyticus ahpnd strains, and the genetic r ...201626590959
purification and host specificity of predatory halobacteriovorax isolates from seawater.halobacteriovorax (formerly bacteriovorax) is a small predatory bacterium found in the marine environment and modulates bacterial pathogens in shellfish. four strains of halobacteriovorax originally isolated in vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 host cells were separated from their prey by an enrichment-filtration-dilution technique for specificity testing in other bacteria. this technique was essential, since 0.45-μm filtration alone was unable to remove infectious vibrio minicells, as determined by ...201626590288
influence of oxyr on growth, biofilm formation, and mobility of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common marine food-borne enteropathogen. in this study, we examined the antioxidative activity, growth, biofilm formation, and cell mobility of an oxyr deletion mutant and its genetically complementary strain of v. parahaemolyticus. oxyr is the regulator of catalase and ahpc genes. protection against extrinsic h2o2 and against the organic peroxides cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide was weaker in the deletion mutant than in its parent strain. expressio ...201626590276
a candidate ion-retaining state in the inward-facing conformation of sodium/galactose symporter: clues from atomistic simulations.the recent vibrio parahaemolyticus sodium/galactose (vsglt) symporter crystal structure captures the protein in an inward-facing substrate-bound conformation, with the sodium ion placed, by structural alignment, in a site equivalent to the na2 site of the leucine transporter (leut). a recent study, based on molecular dynamics simulations, showed that the sodium ion spontaneously leaves its initial position diffusing outside vsglt, toward the intracellular space. this suggested that the crystal s ...201326588767
inhibition of pseudomonas aeruginosa exsa dna-binding activity by n-hydroxybenzimidazoles.the pseudomonas aeruginosa type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a primary virulence determinant and a potential target for antivirulence drugs. one candidate target is exsa, a member of the arac family of dna-binding proteins required for expression of the t3ss. a previous study identified small molecules based on an n-hydroxybenzimidazole scaffold that inhibit the dna-binding activity of several arac proteins, including exsa. in this study, we further characterized a panel of n-hydroxybenzimidaz ...201626574012
identification of dld, by immunoproteomic analysis and evaluation as a potential vaccine antigen against three vibrio species in epinephelus coioides.vibrio spp. represent a serious threat to the culture of epinephelus coioides (orange-spotted grouper) in southeast asia. in this study we used two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) and western blotting to identify common immunogenic proteins of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio harveyi and vibrio parahaemolyticus. membranes were probed with orange-spotted grouper anti-v. alginolyticus sera and accordingly 60, 58 and 48 immunogenic protein spots were detected. by matching analysis for the three west ...201626562319
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of vibrio spp. in retail and farm shrimps in ecuador.the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vibrio spp. in shrimp at retail and in shrimp farms in ecuador and to determine the antimicrobial agent resistance patterns of farm isolates. the presence of genes linked to early mortality syndrome (ems) or acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) also was evaluated. vibrio spp. were isolated from retail shrimps in cuenca, ecuador, and farm shrimps originating from provinces el oro and guayas, ecuador. a total of 229 shrimp sampl ...201526555534
microbiological quality of seafood marketed in taiwan.seafood is often associated with foodborne illnesses, and vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most common pathogen implicated in outbreaks in taiwan. in this study, the microbiological quality of 300 raw or mixed ready-to-eat (rte) and other cooking-needed seafood samples was examined. the total aerobic and coliform counts of the rte samples were significantly higher than those of other cooking-needed samples. on average, 55.8 and 29.7% of the rte samples failed to meet the local microbiological stan ...201526555520
detection, identification, and prevalence of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in fish and coastal environment in jordan.vibrio parahaemolyticus is widely distributed in the marine environments and considered the leading cause of human gastroenteritis in asian countries. a total of 150 marketed fish and 50 water and sediment samples from the gulf of aqaba were examined for the prevalence of pathogenic strains of v. parahaemolyticus. a total of 132 typical isolates obtained from the primary selective medium (thiosulfate-citrate bile salt sucrose agar) and showed positive biochemical properties were subjected to con ...201626554333
[molecular detection methods for vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood].to detect vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood, we evaluated efficient combinations of molecular methods with dna extraction methods using heat extraction and alkaline heat extraction, and pcr, real-time pcr and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays were performed targeting v parahaemolyticus species-specific genes (tlh and rpod) and pathogenic factors genes (tdh and trh). the species-specific genes were detected in all combinations of two strains (a tdh * trh1-positive strain and a ...201526554219
pathogenesis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) in shrimp.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd), also called early mortality syndrome (ems), is a recently emergent shrimp bacterial disease that has resulted in substantial economic losses since 2009. ahpnd is known to be caused by strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus that contain a unique virulence plasmid, but the pathology of the disease is still unclear. in this study, we show that ahpnd-causing strains of v. parahaemolyticus secrete the plasmid-encoded binary toxin pirab(vp) into the culture ...201526549178
cathepsin l is an immune-related protein in pacific abalone (haliotis discus hannai)--purification and characterization.cathepsin l, an immune-related protein, was purified from the hepatopancreas of pacific abalone (haliotis discus hannai) by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatographies of sp-sepharose and sephacryl s-200 hr. purified cathepsin l appeared as two bands with molecular masses of 28.0 and 28.5 kda (namely cathepsin la and lb) on sds-page under reducing conditions, suggesting that it is a glycoprotein. peptide mass fingerprinting (pmf) analysis revealed that peptide fragments of 95 amin ...201526549175
detection and antimicrobial resistance of vibrio isolates in aquaculture environments: implications for public health.the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of vibrio isolates recovered from four different fish pond facilities in benin city, nigeria, determine their antibiogram profiles, and evaluate the public health implications of these findings. fish pond water samples were collected from four sampling sites between march and september 2014. a total of 56 samples were collected and screened for the isolation of vibrio species using standard culture-based methods. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ...201626540391
transcriptional profiling of vibrio parahaemolyticus exsa reveals a complex activation network for type iii secretion.vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) is a marine halophilic bacterium that is commonly associated with oysters and shrimp. human consumption of contaminated shellfish can result in vp mediated gastroenteritis and severe diarrheal disease. vp encodes two type 3 secretion systems (t3ss-1 and t3ss2) that have been functionally implicated in cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity respectively. in this study, we profiled protein secretion and temporal promoter activities associated with exsa and exsb gene expressio ...201526539165
a specific antimicrobial protein cap-1 from pseudomonas sp. isolated from the jellyfish cyanea capillata.a bacterium strain, designated as cmf-2, was isolated from the jellyfish cyanea capillata and its culture supernatant exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity. the strain cmf-2 was identified as pseudomonas sp. based on the morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics as well as 16s rrna sequence analysis. in this study, an antimicrobial protein, named as cap-1, was isolated from the culture of cmf-2 through ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. ...201626529191
zebrafish as a useful model for zoonotic vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenicity in fish and human.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important aquatic zoonotic pathogen worldwide that causes vibriosis in many marine fish, and sepsis, gastroenteritis and wound infection in humans. however, the pathogenesis of different sources of v. parahaemolyticus is not fully understood. here, we examined the pathogenicity and histopathology of fish (v. parahaemolyticus 1.2164) and human (v. parahaemolyticus 17) strains in a zebrafish (danio rerio). we found that different infection routes resulted in different ...201626519599
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters in korea.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most prevalent gastroenteritis-causing pathogen in korea and in some other asian countries. it is frequently found in oysters and other seafood. this study monitored changes in the prevalence of v. parahaemolyticus and environmental parameters in oyster aquaculture environments in korea. from june to october 2014, we tested oysters (crassostrea gigas) from shellfish-harvesting areas off the west coast of korea. these 71 isolates were the sum of 16 (22.5%), 19 (26.8 ...201626511256
acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) outbreaks in penaeus vannamei and p. monodon cultured in the philippines.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) has recently emerged as a serious disease of cultured shrimp. it has also been described as early mortality syndrome (ems) due to mass mortalities occurring within 20 to 30 d after stocking of ponds with postlarvae. here, penaeus vannamei and penaeus monodon from shrimp farms in the philippines were examined for the toxin-producing strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus due to ahpnd-like symptoms occurring in marketable size shrimp. in the p. vannamei, ...201526503780
changes in global gene expression of vibrio parahaemolyticus induced by cold- and heat-stress.vibrio (v.) parahaemolyticus causes seafood-borne gastro-intestinal bacterial infections in humans worldwide. it is widely found in marine environments and is isolated frequently from seawater, estuarine waters, sediments and raw or insufficiently cooked seafood. throughout the food chain, v. parahaemolyticus encounters different temperature conditions that might alter metabolism and pathogenicity of the bacterium. in this study, we performed gene expression profiling of v. parahaemolyticus rimd ...201526498286
antibacterial efficacy of 405, 460 and 520 nm light emitting diodes on lactobacillus plantarum, staphylococcus aureus and vibrio parahaemolyticus.little information is available on a direct comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of light emitting diode (leds) of different peak wavelengths. thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of leds of three different wavelengths on bacterial inactivation.201626481103
inhibition of marine vibrio sp. by pyoverdine from pseudomonas aeruginosa pa1.siderophores are low-molecular-weight chemicals that are secreted by many microorganisms to chelate iron from the external environment in order to facilitate their growth and diverse metabolisms. in this study, a fluorescent siderophore, pyoverdine, secreted by pseudomonas aeruginosa pa1 was purified by affinity chromatography using cu-sepharose. pyoverdine was determined to have a molecular mass of 1333.54 da, as determined by maldi-tof/tof, and belong to type i pyoverdine, as determined by pcr ...201626476308
enteric bacteria isolated from diarrheal patients in korea in 2014.the aim of this study was to characterize the pathogens responsible for causing diarrhea according to season, region of isolation, patient age, and sex as well as to provide useful data for the prevention of diarrheal disease.201526473090
differential proteomics to explore the inhibitory effects of acidic, slightly acidic electrolysed water and sodium hypochlorite solution on vibrio parahaemolyticus.slightly acidic electrolysed water (slaew) and acidic electrolysed water (aew) have been demonstrated to effectively inactivate food-borne pathogens. however, the underlying mechanism of inactivation remains unknown. therefore, in this study, a differential proteomic platform was used to investigate the bactericidal mechanism of slaew, aew, and sodium hypochlorite (naocl) solutions against vibrio parahaemolyticus. the upregulated proteins after slaew, aew, and naocl treatments were identified as ...201626471589
role of transglutaminase in immune defense against bacterial pathogens via regulation of antimicrobial peptides.transglutaminase (tgase) is critical for blood coagulation, a conserved immunological defense mechanism among invertebrates. here, a 3248-bp (full-length) tgase cdna in eriocheir sinensis (estgase) was cloned, with a 2274-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a 757 amino acid protein containing two transglut domains, one tgase/protease-like homolog domain and a kgd (lys-gly-asp) motif. phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that estgase appeared earlier in evolution compared with tgases of other crus ...201626464201
environmental influences on the seasonal distribution of vibrio parahaemolyticus in the pacific northwest of the usa.populations of vibrio parahaemolyticus in the environment can be influenced by numerous factors. we assessed the correlation of total (tl+) and potentially virulent (tdh+) v. parahaemolyticus in water with three harmful algal bloom (hab) genera (pseudo-nitzschia, alexandrium and dinophysis), the abundance of diatoms and dinoflagellates, chlorophyll-a and temperature, salinity and macronutrients at five sites in washington state from 2008-2009. the variability in v. parahaemolyticus density was e ...201526454066
evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay for direct identification of thermostable direct hemolysin-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus colonies on selective agar plates.we evaluated the utility of an immunochromatographic assay (nh ic tdh) in identifying thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus colonies on selective agar plates. the sensitivity of the nh ic tdh assay was 100% (189 samples) and its specificity was 100% (41 samples) compared with the presence of tdh.201526432103
prevalence and population analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products from south china markets.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common foodborne pathogen in aquatic products. to investigate the prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products in south china, 224 samples were collected from markets in four provinces (11 cities) from may 2013 to january 2014. one hundred and fifty isolates were isolated from 98 samples. all isolates were analyzed for the presence of thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related haemolysin (trh) by pcr, antibiotic susceptibility analysis by disk ...201526424767
a novel adhesive factor contributing to the virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus.bacterial adhesins play a pivotal role in the tight bacteria-host cells attachment to initiate the downstream processes and bacterial infection of hosts. in this study, we identified a novel adhesin, vpadf in v. parahaemolyticus. deletion of vpadf in v. parahaemolyticus markedly impaired its attachment and cytotoxicity to epithelial cells, as well as attenuated the virulence in murine model. biochemical studies revealed that vpadf recognized both fibronectin and fibrinogen. the binding of vpadf ...201526399174
the small rna spot 42 regulates the expression of the type iii secretion system 1 (t3ss1) chaperone protein vp1682 in vibrio parahaemolyticus.the cytotoxicity of vibrio parahaemolyticus has been related to the type iii secretion system 1 effector protein vp1680, which is secreted and translocated into host cells with the help of the specific chaperone protein, vp1682. this study sought to confirm the in silico analysis, which predicted that a small regulatory rna (spot 42) could base pair with the region encompassing the ribosomal-binding site and initiation codon of the vp1682 mrna. electrophoresis mobility shift assays indicated tha ...201526394644
a novel innexin2 forming membrane hemichannel exhibits immune responses and cell apoptosis in scylla paramamosain.innexins are a class of transmembrane proteins that are important for embryonic development, morphogenesis and electrical synapse formation. in the present study, a novel innexin2 gene from scylla paramamosain was named sp-inx2 and characterized. the complete cdna and genomic dna sequences of sp-inx2 were revealed. sp-inx2 mrna transcripts were distributed in various tissues of s. paramamosain and were most abundant in the hemocytes. the sp-inx2 was significantly upregulated in hemocyte, gill an ...201526384843
draft genome sequence of non-vibrio parahaemolyticus acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease strain kc13.17.5, isolated from diseased shrimp in vietnam.a strain of vibrio (kc13.17.5) causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) in shrimp in northern vietnam was isolated. normally, ahpnd is caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus, but the genomic sequence of the strain indicated that it belonged to vibrio harveyi. the sequence data included plasmid-like sequences and putative virulence genes.201526383659
a foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus and norovirus through non-seafood vehicle.foodborne outbreaks caused by a mixed infection of vibrio parahaemolyticus and norovirus have rarely been described. we reported a mixed outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus and norovirus causing acute gastroenteritis in 99 staff members of a company in guangdong, china, in may 2013, following consumption of roasted duck, an uncommon non-seafood vehicle for such mixed infection, in one meal served in the company's catering service. epidemiological and laboratory findings indicated that a single a ...201526376317
multicolor melting curve analysis-based multilocus melt typing of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis outbreaks. to track the source of these diseases in a timely manner, a high throughput typing method is critical. we hereby describe a novel genotyping method for v. parahaemolyticus, termed multilocus melt typing (mlmt), based on multilocus sequence typing (mlst). mlmt utilizes melting curve analysis to interrogate the allelic types of a set of informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) derived from the housek ...201526368129
characterization and expression analysis of the prophenoloxidase activating factor from the mud crab scylla paramamosain.prophenoloxidase activating factors (ppafs) are a group of clip domain serine proteinases that can convert prophenoloxidase (pro-po) to the active form of phenoloxidase (po), causing melanization of pathogens. here, two full-length ppaf cdnas from scylla paramamosain (spppaf1 and spppaf2) were cloned and characterized. the full-length spppaf1 cdna was 1677 bp in length, including a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 52 bp, an open reading frame (orf) of 1131 bp coding for a polypeptide of 376 amino ...201526345816
a probe-free four-tube real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection of twelve enteric viruses and bacteria.we aim to develop a multiplex real-time pcr assay to detect the most common pathogens causing community outbreaks of diarrhea.201526342434
correction for lee et al., the opportunistic marine pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus becomes virulent by acquiring a plasmid that expresses a deadly toxin. 201526340988
centrifugal loop-mediated isothermal amplification microdevice for rapid, multiplex and colorimetric foodborne pathogen detection.we present a centrifugal microfluidic device which enables multiplex foodborne pathogen identification by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) and colorimetric detection using eriochrome black t (ebt). five identical structures were designed in the centrifugal microfluidic system to perform the genetic analysis of 25 pathogen samples in a high-throughput manner. the sequential loading and aliquoting of the lamp cocktail, the primer mixtures, and the dna sample solutions were accomplishe ...201626322592
rapid proliferation of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio cholerae during freshwater flash floods in french mediterranean coastal lagoons.vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio cholerae of the non-o1/non-o139 serotype are present in coastal lagoons of southern france. in these mediterranean regions, the rivers have long low-flow periods followed by short-duration or flash floods during and after heavy intense rainstorms, particularly at the end of the summer and in autumn. these floods bring large volumes of freshwater into the lagoons, reducing their salinity. water temperatures recorded during sampling (15 to 24° ...201526319881
the role of oncoprotein nm23 gene from exopalaemon carinicauda is response to pathogens challenge and ammonia-n stress.oncoprotein nm23, as a family of genes encoding the nucleoside diphosphate (ndp) kinase, plays important roles in bioenergetics, dna replication, differentiation and tumor metastasis. in this study, a full-length cdna of nm23 (designated ecnm23) was cloned from exopalaemon carinicauda by using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the full-length cdna of ecnm23 was 755 bp, which contains an open reading frame (orf) of 518 bp, encoding a 175 amino-acid polypeptide with the predicted ...201526314522
effect of dietary formic acid and astaxanthin on the survival and growth of pacific white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) and their resistance to vibrio parahaemolyticus.a 90-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of formic acid (fa) and astaxanthin (ax) on growth, survival, immune parameters, and tolerance to vibrio infection in pacific white shrimp. the study was divided into two experiments. in experiment 1, postlarvae-12 were randomly distributed into six groups and then fed four times daily with six experimental diets contained 0.3 % fa, 0.6 % fa, 50 ppm ax, 0.3 % fa + 50 ppm ax, 0.6 % fa + 50 ppm ax, or none of these supplements (control d ...201526312205
[growth and survival of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in american oyster (crassostrea virginica) under cold storage].to quantify vibrio parahaemolyticus densities in american oyster (crassostrea virginica) under cold storage.201726302123
expression profiles and interaction suggest tbk1 can be regulated by nrdp1 in response to immune stimulation in large yellow croaker larimichthys crocea.tbk1 has been extensively studied in mammals because of its important roles as a molecular bridge, linking the tlrs (tlr3 and tlr4) and rlrs signals to activate transcriptional factors irf3 and irf7 for ifn-i production. however, the information on molecular and functional characteristics of tbk1 in teleosts is limited. in this study, the molecular characterization and immune response of tbk1 in larimichthys crocea (named as lctbk1) as well as its interaction with nrdp1 were investigated. sequen ...201526291490
genotyping of virulence plasmid from vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) has caused severe mortalities in farmed penaeid shrimp throughout se asia and mexico. the causative agent of ahpnd is the marine bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus, which secretes pira- and pirb-like binary toxin that caused deterioration in the hepatopancreas of infected shrimp. the genes responsible for the production of this toxin are located in a large plasmid residing within the bacterial cells. we analyzed the plasmid sequence from the whole g ...201526290509
risk factors for vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in a southern coastal region of china.the objectives of the study were to identify dietary and medical risk factors for vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) infection in the coastal city shenzhen in china.201526287765
assessing the function of stas domain protein sypa in vibrio fischeri using a comparative analysis.colonization of the squid euprymna scolopes by vibrio fischeri requires biofilm formation dependent on the 18-gene symbiosis polysaccharide locus, syp. one key regulator, sypa, controls biofilm formation by an as-yet unknown mechanism; however, it is known that sypa itself is regulated by sype. biofilm-proficient strains form wrinkled colonies on solid media, while sypa mutants form biofilm-defective smooth colonies. to begin to understand the function of sypa, we used comparative analyses and m ...201526284045
prevalences of pathogenic and non-pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in mollusks from the spanish mediterranean coast.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a well-recognized pathogen of humans. to better understand the ecology of the human-pathogenic variants of this bacterium in the environment, a study on the prevalence in bivalves of pathogenic variants (tlh+ and tdh+ and/or trh+) versus a non-pathogenic one (only tlh+ as species marker for v. parahaemolyticus), was performed in two bays in catalonia, spain. environmental factors that might affect dynamics of both variants of v. parahaemolyticus were taken into account ...201526284033
identification of a novel clip domain serine proteinase (sp-csp) and its roles in innate immune system of mud crab scylla paramamosain.clip domain serine proteinases and their homologs are involved in the innate immunity of invertebrates. to identify the frontline defense molecules against pathogenic infection, we isolated a novel clip domain serine proteinase (sp-csp) from the hemocytes of mud crab scylla paramamosain. the full-length 1362 bp sp-csp contains a 1155 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 384 amino acids. multiple alignment analysis showed that the putative amino acid sequence of sp-csp has about 52% and 51% ident ...201526272638
[the infection and molecular characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from intestinal outpatient in two sentinel hospitals in shanghai, 2010-2012].to analyze virulence genes and molecular characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from sporadic cases with diarrhea in tow sentinel hospitals of shanghai, 2010-2012.201526268867
the opportunistic marine pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus becomes virulent by acquiring a plasmid that expresses a deadly toxin.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) is a severe, newly emergent penaeid shrimp disease caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus that has already led to tremendous losses in the cultured shrimp industry. until now, its disease-causing mechanism has remained unclear. here we show that an ahpnd-causing strain of v. parahaemolyticus contains a 70-kbp plasmid (pva1) with a postsegregational killing system, and that the ability to cause disease is abolished by the natural absence or experimental ...201526261348
binding interaction of sglt with sugar and thiosugar by the molecular dynamics simulation.the human sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (hsglt2) is a transporter responsible for reabsorption of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney. hsglt2 inhibitors, including luseogliflozin, have been developed as drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus. only luseogliflozin contains a thiosugar ring in its chemical structure, while other hsglt2 inhibitors contain glucose rings. consequently, we focused on the binding interactions of hsglt2 with sugars and thiosugars. we first revealed that ...201526260238
strain-level visualized analysis of cold-stressed vibrio parahaemolyticus based on maldi-tof mass fingerprinting.in this study, strain-level visualized analysis of cold-stressed vibrio parahaemolyticus based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass fingerprinting was investigated. all the peptide mass fingerprinting profiles obtained were analyzed by self-organized map (som) and cluster analysis. our results showed that the peptide mass fingerprinting profiles of v. parahaemolyticus substantially changed under cold stress at strain level. the cold-stressed v. parahaemo ...201526255031
halobacteriovorax, an underestimated predator on bacteria: potential impact relative to viruses on bacterial mortality.predation on bacteria and accompanying mortality are important mechanisms in controlling bacterial populations and recycling of nutrients through the microbial loop. the agents most investigated and seen as responsible for bacterial mortality are viruses and protists. however, a body of evidence suggests that predatory bacteria such as the halobacteriovorax (formerly bacteriovorax), a bdellovibrio-like organism, contribute substantially to bacterial death. until now, conclusive evidence has been ...201626251870
highly diverse recombining populations of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus in french mediterranean coastal lagoons.vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae are ubiquitous to estuarine and marine environments. these two species found in mediterranean coastal systems can induce infections in humans. environmental isolates of v. cholerae (n = 109) and v. parahaemolyticus (n = 89) sampled at different dates, stations and water salinities were investigated for virulence genes and by a multilocus sequence-based analysis (mlsa). v. cholerae isolates were all ctxa negative and only one isolate of v. parahaemolyti ...201526236294
comparative secretomics reveals novel virulence-associated factors of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a causative agent of serious human seafood-borne gastroenteritis disease and even death. in this study, for the first time, we obtained the secretomic profiles of seven v. parahaemolyticus strains of clinical and food origins. the strains exhibited various toxic genotypes and phenotypes of antimicrobial susceptibility and heavy metal resistance, five of which were isolated from aquatic products in shanghai, china. fourteen common extracellular proteins were identified ...201526236293
starch based biodegradable graft copolymer for the preparation of silver nanoparticles.the synthesis and characterization of a novel biodegradable graft copolymer based on partially hydrolyzed polymethylacrylate (pma) grafted amylopectin (ap) was reported which was developed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution by facile green technique. the prepared graft copolymer was biodegradable which was shown by fungal growth. characterization of silver nanoparticles was carried out by uv-vis spectroscopy (417nm), hr-tem, saed and fesem analysis. the tem fi ...201526231330
itraq-based proteomic profiling of vibrio parahaemolyticus under various culture conditions.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common pathogen infecting humans and marine animals; this pathogen has become a major concern of marine food products and trade. in this study, v. parahaemolyticus isolated from sewage was exposed to different culture conditions and analyzed by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq) based reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) technique. our goal is to gain further insights into the proteomics of v. parahaemolyti ...201526225125
effects of dry storage and resubmersion of oysters on total vibrio vulnificus and total and pathogenic (tdh+/trh+) vibrio parahaemolyticus levels.vibrio vulnificus (vv) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) are the two leading causes of bacterial illnesses associated with raw shellfish consumption. levels of these pathogens in oysters can increase during routine antifouling aquaculture practices involving dry storage in ambient air conditions. after storage, common practice is to resubmerge these stored oysters to reduce elevated vv and vp levels, but evidence proving the effectiveness of this practice is lacking. this study examined the chang ...201526219373
strategies of vibrio parahaemolyticus to acquire nutritional iron during host colonization.iron is an essential element for the growth and development of virtually all living organisms. as iron acquisition is critical for the pathogenesis, a host defense strategy during infection is to sequester iron to restrict the growth of invading pathogens. to counteract this strategy, bacteria such as vibrio parahaemolyticus have adapted to such an environment by developing mechanisms to obtain iron from human hosts. this review focuses on the multiple strategies employed by v. parahaemolyticus ...201526217331
a cross-priming amplification assay coupled with vertical flow visualization for detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine seafood-borne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal disorders in humans. in this study, we developed a cross-priming amplification (cpa) assay coupled with vertical flow (vf) visualization for rapid and sensitive detection of v. parahaemolyticus. this assay correctly detected all target strains (n = 13) and none of the non-target strains (n = 27). small concentrations of v. parahaemolyticus (1.8 cfu/ml for pure cultures and 18 cfu/g for reconstituted samples) ...201526212475
weissella oryzae dc6-facilitated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial potential.nanoparticles and nanomaterials are at the prominent edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. recently, nanoparticle synthesis using biological resources has been found to be a new area with considerable prospects for development. biological systems are the masters of ambient condition chemistry and are able to synthesize nanoparticles by utilizing metal salts. in the perspective of the current initiative to develop green technologies for the synthesis of nanoparticles, microorgan ...201626212222
characterization and expression analysis of bca2 gene in large yellow croaker, larimichthys crocea.bca2, as an e3 ubiquitin ligase, is an important anti-virus immune factor in mammals. up to date, there are not any related reports on bca2 protein in fishes yet. in the present investigation, bca2 in large yellow croaker larimichthys crocea (named as lcbca2) was identified and characterized. the full-length cdna of lcbca2 was 1571 bp, including an orf of 888 bp encoding a polypeptide of 295 amino acids. the putative lcbca2 protein contained a ring-h2 motif at c terminal. the lcbca2 transcripts ...201526208753
raw tropical oysters as vehicles for multidrug-resistant vibrio parahaemolyticus.the following study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from fresh and frozen oysters crassostrea rhizophorae sold in fortaleza-brazil. an antibiogram was performed on 87 isolates using nine antibiotics: gentamicin (gen 10 µg), ampicillin (amp 10 µg), penicillin g (pen 10u), ciprofloxacin (cip 5 µg), chloramphenicol (chl 30 µg), nalidixic acid (nal 30 µg), tetracycline (tet 30 µg), vancomycin (van 30 µg) and erythromycin (ery 15 µg). all ...201526200957
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