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environmental vibrios represent a source of antagonistic compounds that inhibit pathogenic vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus strains.with the overuse of antibiotics, many pathogens including vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus have evolved multidrug resistance making treatment more difficult. while understanding the mechanisms that underlie pathogenesis is crucial, knowledge of bacterial interactions of v. cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus could provide insight to their susceptibility outside of the human host. based on previous work showing competition among environmental strains, we predict that marine-derived bacter ...201728857444
whole-body microbiota of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) from south korea for improved seafood management.sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) is a popular seafood source in asia, including south korea, and its consumption has recently increased with recognition of its medicinal properties. however, because raw sea cucumber contains various microbes, its ingestion can cause foodborne illness. therefore, analysis of the microbiota in the whole body of sea cucumber can extend our understanding of foodborne illness caused by microorganisms and help to better manage products. we collected 40 sea cucumb ...201728851208
previously undescribed antibacterial polyketides from heterotrophic bacillus amyloliquefaciens associated with seaweed padina gymnospora.a heterotrophic marine bacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from seaweed padina gymnospora exhibited broad spectra of antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio harveyi, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus. the seaweed-associated b. amyloliquefaciens was recognized to possess functional type i polyketide synthase-1 (pks-1) gene, and was used to isolate four homologous compounds with polyketide frameworks. the compounds were characterized ...201728842846
environmental determinants of vibrio parahaemolyticus in the chesapeake bay.vibrio parahaemolyticus naturally-occurs in brackish and marine waters and is one of the leading causes of seafood-borne illness. previous work studying the ecology of v. parahaemolyticus is often limited in geographic extent and lacking a full range of environmental measures. this study used a unique, large dataset of surface water samples in the chesapeake bay (n=1,385) collected from 148 monitoring stations from 2007 to 2010. water was analyzed for over 20 environmental parameters with additi ...201728842541
variation of genomic islands and flanking fragments in vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from environmental and clinical sources in taiwan.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic foodborne pathogenic bacterium that causes gastroenteritis; it has become an issue of global concern since the emergence and spread of pandemic o3:k6 strains. this study evaluated the role of vibrio pathogenicity island (vpai)-associated fragments in the genetic variation and grouping of this pathogen. distribution of some vpai fragments and flanking fragments (vpai-1, vpai-4, vpai-5, vpai-6 and vpai-7) was determined in a total of 53 v. parahaemolyticus i ...201728841447
inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus in shucked raw oyster ( grassostrea gigas) and clam ( venerupis phillippinarum) by using a combination of naclo and gamma irradiation.this study investigated the synergistic effects of sodium hypochlorite (naclo) and gamma irradiation combination against vibrio parahaemolyticus in shucked oysters and clams. v. parahaemolyticus decreased to 1.1-5.6 log10 cfu/g in oysters and 1.1-5.7 log10cfu/g in clams by naclo (20-80 ppm) + γ irradiation (0.1-2.0 kgy) combinations. v. parahaemolyticus was not detected by 60 or 80 ppm naclo + 2.0 kgy. synergistic reduction of >1 log was observed by 60 ppm naclo + 0.3-2 kgy and 80 ppm naclo + 0. ...201728840748
microbiome dynamics in a shrimp grow-out pond with possible outbreak of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) (formerly, early mortality syndrome) is a high-mortality-rate shrimp disease prevalent in shrimp farming areas. although ahpnd is known to be caused by pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus hosting the plasmid-related pirab(vp) toxin gene, the effects of disturbances in microbiome have not yet been studied. we took 62 samples from a grow-out pond during an ahpnd developing period from days 23 to 37 after stocking white postlarvae shrimp and sequenced ...201728839269
microencapsulation of essential thyme oil by spray drying and its antimicrobial evaluation against vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolyticus.the aims of this research were first, to evaluate the antibacterial potential of commercial thyme essential oil against v. alginolyticus and v. parahaemolyticys and second, using the spray drying technique to produce microcapsules. chemical compounds of thyme oil and microcapsules were identified and quantified being thymol the chemical component present at the highest concentration. oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions were prepared and the microcapsules were obtained with a spray dryer using maltodext ...201728832836
in vitro isothermal nucleic acid amplification assisted surface-enhanced raman spectroscopic (sers) for ultrasensitive detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus.detection of pathogenic microorganisms is of great importance for public health and food safety. traditional protocols can hardly meet the continuously increased demanding in sensitivity and specificity of pathogen detections. in this study, we adopted vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus, vp) as the model analyte, and developed an antibody-vp-aptamer hetero-sandwich based surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) method in conjunction with in vitro isothermal amplification for sensitive ...201728832123
proteomic analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticus under cold stress.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a kind of food-borne pathogenic bacterium, which can seriously infect food, especially seafood causing gastroenteritis and other disease. we studied the global proteome responses of v. parahaemolyticus under cold stress by nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to improve the present understanding of v. parahaemolyticus proteomics events under cold stress. a total of 1151 proteins were identified and 101 proteins were differentially expressed, of which 69 ...201728831596
molecular identification of disk abalone (haliotis discus discus) tetraspanin 33 and cd63: insights into potent players in the disk abalone host defense system.tetraspanins are a superfamily of transmembrane proteins involved in a diverse range of physiological processes including differentiation, adhesion, signal transduction, cell motility, and immune responses. in the present study, two tetraspanins, cd63 and tetraspanin 33 (tspan33) from disk abalone (abcd63 and abtspan33), were identified and characterized at the molecular level. the coding sequences for abcd63 and abtspan33 encoded polypeptides of 234 and 290 amino acids (aa) with predicted molec ...201728823981
occurrence of vibrio species, beta-lactam resistant vibrio species, and indicator bacteria in ballast and port waters of a tropical harbor.ballast water discharges are potential sources for the spread of invasive and pathogenic aquatic organisms. ballast waters from six ships docked in the port of singapore were tested to determine if indictor organisms fell within proposed standards for ballast water discharge according to regulation d-2 of the ballast water management convention (bwmc) guidelines. vibrio species were cultured on media supplemented with beta-lactam antibiotics to determine the presence of antibiotic resistant vibr ...201728822933
characterization, expression, and evolutionary analysis of new tlr3 and tlr5m genes cloned from the spiny eel mastacembelus armatus.toll-like receptors (tlrs) play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. here, we identify two new tlrs from the spiny eel mastacembelus armatus (tlr3 and membrane tlr5m). both matlr3 and matlr5m were expressed in all tested tissues; expression was highest in liver and spleen, respectively. after infection with vibrio parahaemolyticus, expression of both tlrs fluctuated and differed significantly from controls at several time points. the predicted three-dimensional model of the matlr3 ...201728821419
expression of a vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin in escherichia coli results in chromosomal dna degradation.a toxin-antitoxin system, vp1842/vp1843, locates within a superintegron on the vibrio parahaemolyticus genome chromosome i whose toxin gene vp1843 encodes a dna nicking endonuclease. we found that the vp1843 expression in escherichia coli cells strongly induced chromosomal dna degradation. on the basis of these observations, we discuss a possible physiological role of vp1842/vp1843 in v. parahaemolyticus.201728820009
christmas-tree derived amplification immuno-strategy for sensitive visual detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus based on gold label silver stain technology.a developed christmas-tree derived immunosensor based on a gold label silver stain (glss) technique was fabricated for a highly sensitive analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticu (vp). in this strategy, captured vp antibody (cab) was immobilized on a solid substrate; then, the vps were sequentially tagged with a signal probe by incubating the assay with a detection vp antibody (dab) conjugated gold nanoparticles (aunps)-labeled graphite-like carbon nitride (g-c3n4). finally, the attached signal probe ...201728794324
insight into the origin and evolution of the vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic strain.a strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus that emerged in 1995 caused the first known pandemic involving this species. this strain comprises clonal autochthonous ocean-dwelling bacteria whose evolution has occurred in the ocean environment. the low sequence diversity in this population enabled the discovery of information on its origin and evolution that has been hidden in bacterial clones that have evolved over a long period. multilocus sequencing and microarray analysis, together with phylogenetic a ...201728790994
a c1qdc protein (hcc1qdc6) with three tandem c1q domains is involved in immune response of triangle-shell pearl mussel (hyriopsis cumingii).c1q-domain-containing (c1qdc) proteins are a family of proteins with a globular c1q (gc1q) domain and participate in several immune responses. in this study, a c1qdc gene was identified from the triangle-shell pearl mussel hyriopsis cumingii (designated as hcc1qdc6). this gene has a full-length cdna of 1782 bp and an open reading frame of 1,335 bp that encodes a 444-amino acid polypeptide containing three gc1q domains. hcc1qdc6 contains at least five exons and four introns. the mrna transcripts ...201728785225
ecofriendly synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by euphrasia officinalis leaf extract and its biomedical applications.biogenic synthesis of silver (agnps) and gold nanoparticles (aunps) using aqueous extract of euphrasia officinalis has been reported. stable agnps and aunps were formed on adding aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and chloroauric acid with e. officinalis leaf extract, in 19 min and 2 min, respectively. the synthesis method used in present study was simple, reliable, rapid, cost effective and ecofriendly. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized with field emission transmission electron ...201728784039
distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of vibrio species associated with zooplankton in coastal area of korea.vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus are the most common pathogens causing seafood-borne illnesses in korea. this study determines the abundance and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic vibrio species in seawater and zooplankton samples from the geoje island coast in korea, which is an important area for coastal fisheries, the fishing industry, and tourism. the two vibrio species were detected more in mesozooplankton samples than in seawater samples. v. parahaemolyticus isolates showed gr ...201728781188
seasonal influence of scallop culture on nutrient flux, bacterial pathogens and bacterioplankton diversity across estuaries off the bohai sea coast of northern china.in this study, we investigated the environmental impacts of scallop culture on two coastal estuaries adjacent the bohai sea including developing a quantitative pcr assay to assess the abundance of the bacterial pathogens escherichia coli and vibrio parahaemolyticus. scallop culture resulted in a significant reduction of nitrogen, chlorophyll a, and phosphorous levels in seawater during summer. the abundance of bacteria including v. parahaemolyticus varied significantly across estuaries and breed ...201728779889
function of two ficolin-like proteins in innate immune defense of the oriental river prawn, macrobrachium nipponense.ficolins have crucial functions in recognizing and eliminating pathogens in innate immunity. in this study, we identified two ficolin-like genes from the oriental river prawn, macrobrachium nipponense. these genes were designated as mnfico1 and mnfico2. mnfico1 cdna has 1600 bp, whereas mnfico2 has 1486 bp. in addition to a coiled-coil region or a low complexity region, the two ficolins both contained a signal peptide and a fibrinogen-related domain. qrt-pcr results showed that the highest expre ...201728764985
nmr-based metabolomics reveals the metabolite profiles of vibrio parahaemolyticus under ferric iron stimulation.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium endemic to coastal areas, and its pathogenicity has caused widespread seafood poisoning. in our previous research, the protein expression of v. parahaemolyticus in fe(3+) medium was determined using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq). here, nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) was used to detect changes in the v. parahaemolyticus metabolome. nmr spectra were obtained using methanol-water extracts of intracellular metabolites ...201728752295
a single wap domain-containing protein from litopenaeus vannamei possesses antiproteinase activity against subtilisin and antimicrobial activity against ahpnd-inducing vibrio parahaemolyticus.the single wap domain-containing protein (swd) is a type iii crustin antimicrobial peptide whose function is to defense the host animal against the bacterial infection by means of antimicrobial and antiproteinase activities. a study of swd from litopenaeus vannamei (lvswd) is reported herein about its activities and function against bacteria, particularly the ahpnd-inducing vibrio parahaemolyticus (vpahpnd) that causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd). the lvswd is mainly synthesi ...201728743625
identification of an mitf gene and its polymorphisms associated with the vibrio resistance trait in the clam meretrix petechialis.microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf) regulates the transcription of its target genes by binding to their promoters. in this study, an mitf gene, mpmitf was identified in the clam meretrix petechialis. the full-length cdna of mpmitf is 3564 bp with an orf of 1365 bp. the deduced amino acid sequence consists of a conserved functional structure of bhlh-lz, which could bind with e-box. the mrna and protein expression levels of mpmitf were significantly up-regulated 6 h post-vibrio i ...201728734968
seven new lignan glycosides from the branches of alangium kurzii craib var. laxifolium.seven new lignan glycosides (1-3, 8-10, and 14) and 17 known compounds were isolated from the branches of alangium kurzii craib var. laxifolium. their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and circular dichroism (cd) and x-ray analysis. the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus ci1011, streptococcus suis ci1608, salmonella gallinarum ci0912, enterococcus faecalis ci1304, aeromonas hydrophila ci1008, escherichia coli ci1 ...201728733150
antibacterial activities and preservative effect of chitosan oligosaccharide maillard reaction products on penaeus vannamei.the purpose of this study was to understand the influence of maillard reaction (mr) on bioactivity of chitosan oligosaccharide (cos). the antibacterial activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and vibrio parahaemolyticus and preservative effect of two kinds of cos mr products (mrps) on penaeus vannamei were evaluated. the structures of cg (mrps of cos and glucose) and cm (mrps of cos and maltose) were characterized by ft-ir and their molecular weights were measured by gel permeation chromatograph ...201728732733
characterizing the adherence profiles of virulent vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates.the human pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-borne illness in the usa, and infections with v. parahaemolyticus typically result from eating raw or undercooked oysters. v. parahaemolyticus has been shown to be highly resistant to oyster depuration, suggesting that the bacterium possesses specific mechanisms or factors for colonizing oysters and persisting during depuration. in this study, we characterized eight different v. parahaemolyticus strains for differences in r ...201728717834
antibacterial activity of food-grade chitosan against vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilms.biofilm is a community composed of microbes and the extracellular polymeric substances. this special architecture poses a significant public health risk as it increases the fitness of bacteria in harsh conditions and renders bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents and cleaning. in this study, we investigated the inhibition and eradication effects of chitosan on the biofilm of vibrio parahaemolyticus, an important food-borne pathogen. the crystal violet staining, [2, 3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro ...201728710011
vibrio parahaemolyticus- and v. alginolyticus-associated meningo-encephalitis in a bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) from the adriatic coast of italy.a case of vibrio parahaemolyticus- and v. alginolyticus-associated meningo-encephalitis in a bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) found stranded along the adriatic coast of italy in 2016 is herein reported, along with a minireview on v. parahaemolyticus and v. alginolyticus infections in aquatic mammals. macroscopically, two abscesses were found in the dolphin's forebrain, along with an extensive, bilateral, parasitic broncho-pneumonia. histologically, a suppurative-to-pyogranulomatous mening ...201728709108
antimicrobial polyketide furanoterpenoids from seaweed-associated heterotrophic bacterium bacillus subtilis mtcc 10403.brown seaweed anthophycus longifolius (turner) kützing (family sargassaceae) associated heterotrophic bacterium bacillus subtilis mtcc 10403 was found to be a potent isolate with broad range of antibacterial activity against important perceptive food pathogens vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus, and aeromonas hydrophila. this bacterium was positive for polyketide synthetase gene (kc589397), and therefore, was selected to bioprospect specialized metabolites bearing polyketide backbone. bioact ...201728704687
purification and antibacterial mechanism of fish-borne bacteriocin and its application in shrimp (penaeus vannamei) for inhibiting vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus: is recognized as the main cause of gastroenteritis associated with consumption of seafood. bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus plantarum fgc-12 isolated from golden carp intestine had strong antibacterial activity toward v. parahaemolyticus. the fish-borne bacteriocin was purified by a three-step procedure consisting of ethyl acetate extraction, gel filtration chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. its molecular weight was estimated at 4.1 kda using s ...201728702797
antibacterial and antioxidant constituents of extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora leaves.fourteen fungal endophytes were isolated from the ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora leaves collected from northern thailand. eight genera were identified including aspergillus, ascochyta, nigrospora, blastomyces, colletotrichum, exidia, clitopilus, and nomuraea. the antibacterial activity of crude extracts from all endophytic fungi was tested against nine human bacterial pathogens: staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, klebsiella ...201728698913
molecular characterization and expression analyses of toll like receptor-5 induced by vibrio parahaemolyticus antigens in pacific red snapper.toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) is a member of tlrs family responsible for the bacterial flagellin recognition in vertebrates. herein, the tlr5m gene structure of pacific red snapper (lutjanus peru) was characterized. the full-length cdna of lptlr5m comprises an open reading frame (orf) of 2715 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 904 amino acids including 9 lrrs (residues 119-562) and one lrr-ct domain (residues 593-646) at the extracellular region, and a tir domain (residues 710-904) in the cytoplasmic r ...201728698126
effects of desiccation practices of cultured atlantic oysters (crassostrea virginica) on vibrio spp. in portersville bay, alabama, usa.the expansion of off-bottom aquaculture to the gulf of mexico has raised public health concerns for human health officials. high temperatures in the gulf of mexico are associated with high levels of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. routine desiccation practices associated with off-bottom aquaculture expose oysters to ambient air, allowing vibrio spp. to proliferate in the closed oyster. currently, there is limited research on the length of time needed for vibrio spp. levels in desi ...201728696147
genome analysis of three novel lytic vibrio coralliilyticus phages isolated from seawater, okinawa, japan.three novel vibrio phages were isolated from seawater in okinawa. the vibrio phage ryc infected vibrio coralliilyticus swa 07, while vibrio phages ckb-s1 and ckb-s2 infected the coral pathogen v. coralliilyticus p1 (lmg 23696). the vibrio phages ckb-s1 and ckb-s2 displayed head-tail structures whereas the vibrio phage ryc showed a tailless non-enveloped capsid. all these vibrio phages contained linear and double-stranded dna. the whole genome sequencing revealed that vibrio phage ryc has a large ...201728689690
parallel evolution of two clades of a major atlantic endemic vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogen lineage by independent acquisition of related pathogenicity islands.shellfish-transmitted vibrio parahaemolyticus infections have recently increased from locations with historically low disease incidence, such as the northeast united states (us). this change coincided with a bacterial population shift towards human pathogenic variants occurring in part through the introduction of several pacific native lineages (st36, st43 and st636) to near-shore areas off the atlantic coast of the northeast us. concomitantly, st631 emerged as a major endemic pathogen. phylogen ...201728687650
a cysteine protease (cathepsin z) from disk abalone, haliotis discus discus: genomic characterization and transcriptional profiling during bacterial infections.cathepsin z (ctsz) is lysosomal cysteine protease of the papain superfamily. it participates in the host immune defense via phagocytosis, signal transduction, cell-cell communication, proliferation, and migration of immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. hence, ctsz is also acknowledged as an acute-phase protein in host immunity. in this study, we sought to identify the ctsz homolog from disk abalone (abctsz) and characterize it at the molecular, genomic, and transcrip ...201728687334
role of purified β-1, 3 glucan binding protein (β-gbp) from paratelphusa hydrodromus and their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibiofilm properties.β- 1, 3-glucan binding protein (β-gbp), a pattern recognition protein (prp), plays a critical role in triggering the innate immune response by detecting β-glucan found on the surface of microbes. in the present study, β-gbp was purified from the haemolymph of rice field crab paratelphusa hydrodromus by affinity column chromatography. the monomeric protein ph-β-gbp appeared as a single band with a molecular weight of approximately 95 kda in sds-page analysis and its purity was determined to be 89 ...201728684323
characterization of clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in zhoushan, china, from 2013 to 2014.vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized as major cause of foodborne illness of global public health concern. this study collected 107 strains of v. parahaemolyticus during active surveillance of diarrheal diseases in hospitals in zhoushan during 2013 to 2014 and investigated their serotypes, virulence genes (tdh, trh, and orf8), antimicrobial resistance, and genotypes. the dominant serotypes of the 107 clinical strains were o3:k6, o4:k8, and o4:kut with 87.9% and 3.7% of the strains carrying the v ...201728678810
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from short mackerels (rastrelliger brachysoma) in malaysia.numerous prevalence studies and outbreaks of vibrio parahaemolyticus infection have been extensively reported in shellfish and crustaceans. information on the quantitative detection of v. parahaemolyticus in finfish species is limited. in this study, short mackerels (rastrelliger brachysoma) obtained from different retail marketplaces were monitored with the presence of total and pathogenic strains of v. parahaemolyticus. out of 130 short mackerel samples, 116 (89.2%) were detected with the pres ...201728659901
involvement of a tachylectin-like gene and its protein in pathogenesis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) in the shrimp, penaeus monodon.a shrimp disease, the so-called acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) is caused by a specific strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) and it has resulted in significant losses to the global shrimp farming industry. in our previous study, three of tachylectin-like genes were cloned and characterized from the intestine of penaeus monodon, designated as penlectin5-1 (pl5-1), penlectin5-2 (pl5-2) and penlectin5-3 (pl5-3). these three genes all contain fibrinogen-related domain (fred). the e ...201728655576
identification and growth optimization of a marine bacillus dk1-sa11 having potential of producing broad spectrum antimicrobial compounds.control of harmful bacteria in food, aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, hospitals and recreation water pools are of great global concern. marine bacteria are an enormous source of bio-controlling agents. the aim of this study was to identify and optimize the growth conditions including effect of different biotic and abiotic factors on antimicrobial activity of strain dk1-sa11 isolated from qingdao bay of china yellow sea. microscopic characterization, api® 20e and 50 chb kit base carbohy ...201728653930
transcriptome analysis of the hepatopancreas in exopalaemon carinicauda infected with an ahpnd-causing strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying toxin-producing plasmid, has led to severe mortalities in multiple shrimp species throughout asia. in order to understand the immunological response of shrimp to infection by ahpnd-causing strain of v. parahaemolyticus (vpahpnd), the transcriptomic profiles of the hepatopancreas from severe ahpnd-infected (bs_g), ahpnd-survived (kb_g) and non-infected (pbs_g) exopalaemon carinicauda groups were obtained us ...201728648882
a double-quadratic model for predicting vibrio species in water environments of japan.vibrio spp. are natural inhabitants of marine and estuarine environments. vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus are the major infectious agents for humans. their densities are affected by environmental factors such as water temperature and salinity. the detailed contribution of each factor still remains to be elucidated. here we conducted multi-coastal study in a 21-month period to examine relationships between environmental factors and v. cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus ...201728646477
a comprehensive epidemiological research for clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus in shanghai.vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important pathogen for seafood-borne gastroenteritis in shanghai and the rest of the world. a total of 42 v. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from 1900 fecal specimens collected from patients in shanghai hospital presenting from january 2014 to december 2015. all isolates were evaluated for potential virulence factors [tdh, trh, and type three secretion system (t3ss) genes], typed using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and screened for antimicrob ...201728642752
t3ss effector vopl inhibits the host ros response, promoting the intracellular survival of vibrio parahaemolyticus.the production of antimicrobial reactive oxygen species by the nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase complex is an important mechanism for control of invading pathogens. herein, we show that the gastrointestinal pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus counteracts reactive oxygen species (ros) production using the type iii secretion system 2 (t3ss2) effector vopl. in the absence of vopl, intracellular v. parahaemolyticus undergoes ros-dependent filamentation, with concurrent limited growth ...201728640881
removal of foodborne pathogen biofilms by acidic electrolyzed water.biofilms, which are complex microbial communities embedded in the protective extracellular polymeric substances (eps), are difficult to remove in food production facilities. in this study, the use of acidic electrolyzed water (aew) to remove foodborne pathogen biofilms was evaluated. we used a green fluorescent protein-tagged escherichia coli for monitoring the efficiency of aew for removing biofilms, where under the optimal treatment conditions, the fluorescent signal of cells in the biofilm di ...201728638370
comparative transcriptome analysis of sinonovacula constricta in gills and hepatopancreas in response to vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.the razor clam sinonovacula constricta is an important economic species in china. however, bacterial pathogenic diseases limits s. constricta farming industry for large-scale production. in this study, de novo transcriptome sequencing was performed on s. constricta gills and hepatopancreas under vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge for 12 h and 48 h, respectively. transcripts assembly constructed 18,330 sequences, each of which was 500 bp long and functionally annotated, and 1781 and 490 transcript ...201728630016
survival of litopenaeus vannamei shrimp fed on diets supplemented with dunaliella sp. is improved after challenges by vibrio parahaemolyticus.survival of litopenaeus vannamei was evaluated during a vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. this bacteria has been causing significant economic losses in the shrimp industry due to the appearance of early mortality syndrome (ems), also known as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd). control of bacteria in ponds is difficult to achieve with antibiotics due to environmental infections and antibiotic resistance. new methods have been proposed to control and prevent the impact of bacterial ...201728625840
antibacterial and antifungal activities of spices.infectious diseases caused by pathogens and food poisoning caused by spoilage microorganisms are threatening human health all over the world. the efficacies of some antimicrobial agents, which are currently used to extend shelf-life and increase the safety of food products in food industry and to inhibit disease-causing microorganisms in medicine, have been weakened by microbial resistance. therefore, new antimicrobial agents that could overcome this resistance need to be discovered. many spices ...201728621716
pathogenicity profile of vibrio parahaemolyticus in farmed pacific white shrimp, penaeus vannamei.a pathobiological study was conducted using vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) strain isolated from vibriosis affected shrimp (penaeus vannamei) farms in kancheepuram and thiruvallur districts of tamil nadu during august 2014 to february 2015. the isolate was identified based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characters. ld50 value with intramuscular injection was determined as 2.6 × 10(4) cfu/shrimp and sequential pathology was studied giving 6.1 × 10(3) cfu/shrimp (ld25) ...201728606862
groel is a suitable genetic marker for detecting vibrio parahaemolyticus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.a groel gene-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed to detect vibrio parahaemolyticus in contaminated seafood and water. the assay was optimized and conducted at 63°c for 40 min using bacillus stearothermophilus (bst) dna polymerase, large fragment. amplification was analysed via multiple detection methods, including opacity, formation of white precipitate, dna intercalating dyes (ethidium bromide and sybr green i), metal ion-binding indicator dye, calcein, and 2 ...201728585379
genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct biological functions for cold shock proteins (vpacspa and vpacspd) in vibrio parahaemolyticus chn25 during low-temperature survival.vibrio parahaemolyticus causes serious seafood-borne gastroenteritis and death in humans. raw seafood is often subjected to post-harvest processing and low-temperature storage. to date, very little information is available regarding the biological functions of cold shock proteins (csps) in the low-temperature survival of the bacterium. in this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of v. parahaemolyticus chn25 (serotype: o5:kut). the two main csp-encoding genes (vpacspa and vpacspd) w ...201728583064
a natural vibrio parahaemolyticus pir(vp)a(-)b(+) mutant kills shrimp but produces no pir(vp) toxins or ahpnd lesions.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) of shrimp is caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) isolates that harbor a pva plasmid encoding toxins pir(vp)a and pir(vp)b (vpahpnd). these are released from vpahpnd that colonize the shrimp stomach and produce pathognomonic ahpnd lesions (massive sloughing of hepatopancreatic tubule epithelial cells). pcr results indicated that vp isolate xn87 lacked pir(vp)a but carried pir(vp)b unexpectedly, western blot analysis of proteins from culture broth ...201728576761
spreading of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 and its serovariants: a re-analysis of strains isolated from multiple studies.in china, v. parahaemolyticus has been a leading cause of foodborne outbreaks and bacterial infectious diarrhea since the 1990s, and most infections have been associated with the pandemic v. parahaemolyticus o3:k6 and its serovariants. however, a comprehensive overview of the sero-prevalence and genetic diversity of the pandemic v. parahaemolyticus clone in china is lacking. to compensate for this deficiency, pandemic isolates in both clinical and environmental chinese samples collected from mul ...201728573108
induction of cellular differentiation and single cell imaging of vibrio parahaemolyticus swimmer and swarmer cells.the ability to study the intracellular localization of proteins is essential for the understanding of many cellular processes. in turn, this requires the ability to obtain single cells for fluorescence microscopy, which can be particularly challenging when imaging cells that exist within bacterial communities. for example, the human pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus exists as short rod-shaped swimmer cells in liquid conditions that upon surface contact differentiate into a subpopulation of highly ...201728570527
bioluminescence imaging to track bacteroides fragilis inhibition of vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in mice.bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic, gram-negative, commensal bacterium of the human gut. it plays an important role in promoting the maturation of the immune system, as well as suppressing abnormal inflammation. many recent studies have focused on the relationship between b. fragilis and human immunity, and indicate that b. fragilis has many useful probiotic effects. as inhibition of intestinal pathogens is an important characteristic of probiotic strains, this study examined whether b. fragil ...201728553617
a rele/pare superfamily toxin in vibrio parahaemolyticus has dna nicking endonuclease activity.type ii toxins in toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems fold into a similar fold and belong to the rele/pare superfamily. however, they display two distinct biochemical activities: rele toxins are mrna interferases, while pare toxins are dna gyrase (gyr) inhibitors. previously, we found a ta system, vp1842/vp1843, on the vibrio parahaemolyticus genome whose toxin vp1843 belongs to the rele/pare toxin superfamily. vp1843, unlike rele toxins, has neither protein synthesis inhibitory activity nor ribonuclea ...201728533087
different abundance and correlational patterns exist between total and presumed pathogenic vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus in shellfish and waters along the north carolina coast.monitoring of vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus abundance is pertinent due to the ability of these species to cause disease in humans through aquatic vectors. previously, we performed a multiyear investigation tracking vibrio spp. levels in five sites along the southeastern north carolina coast. from february 2013 to october 2015, total v. vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus abundance was measured in water, oysters and clams. in the current study, pathogenic subpopulations were identified ...201728531284
gene expression of vibrio parahaemolyticus growing in laboratory isolation conditions compared to those common in its natural ocean environment.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an autochthonous marine bacterial species comprising strains able to grow in broth containing bile salts at 37 °c, a condition seldom found in the ocean. however, this condition is used for isolation in the laboratory because it is considered a necessary property for pathogenesis. in this context, revealing how gene expression enables v. parahaemolyticus to adapt to this particular condition -common to almost all v. parahaemolyticus isolates- will improve our understan ...201728525966
molecular typing of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from mollusks in the north adriatic sea.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an emerging foodborne pathogen in the mediterranean, usually associated with shellfish consumption. the increase in the number of outbreaks in europe is primarily associated with the global warming of the ocean that has a great impact on the spread and genetic selection of waterborne pathogens. the primary role of italy in europe's mollusk production, together with the fact that cases of infections with v. parahaemolyticus are not always notified to the european commun ...201728514180
science signaling podcast for 16 may 2017: vibrio rewires host cells.this podcast features a conversation with kim orth and nicole de nisco, authors of a research resource that appears in the 16 may 2017 issue of science signaling, about how the marine bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus rewires host cell signaling networks. v. parahaemolyticus thrives in warm brackish waters and infects both shellfish and finfish. this bacterium causes gastroenteritis when humans consume contaminated seafood that is raw or undercooked. v. parahaemolyticus delivers virulence factor ...201728512146
the cytotoxic type 3 secretion system 1 of vibrio rewires host gene expression to subvert cell death and activate cell survival pathways.bacterial effectors potently manipulate host signaling pathways. the marine bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. para) delivers effectors into host cells through two type 3 secretion systems (t3sss). t3ss1 is vital for v. para survival in the environment, whereas t3ss2 causes acute gastroenteritis in human hosts. although the natural host is undefined, t3ss1 effectors attack highly conserved cellular processes and pathways to orchestrate nonapoptotic cell death. to understand how the concerted ...201728512145
preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity of chitosan and phosphorylated chitosan from cuttlebone of sepia kobiensis (hoyle, 1885).chitosan is a commercially available derivative of chitin that has been extensively studied for its antimicrobial properties. in order to improve the water solubility and its biological activity, the chemical modification or derivatisation is attempted. in the present investigation, the chitosan prepared from the cuttlebone of sepia kobiensis was being chemically modified by reacting it with orthophosphoric acid so as to obtain phosphorylated chitosan. then the chitosan and phosphorylated chitos ...201628507912
development of a gold nanoparticle-based universal oligonucleotide microarray for multiplex and low-cost detection of foodborne pathogens.bacterial foodborne diseases remain major threats to food safety and public health, especially in developing countries. in this study a novel assay, combining gold nanoparticle (gnp)-based multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr and universal oligonucleotide microarray technology, was developed for inexpensive, specific, sensitive, and multiplex detection of eight common foodborne pathogens, including shigella spp., campylobacter jejuni, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocyt ...201728505584
new sequence types of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from a malaysian aquaculture pond, as revealed by whole-genome sequencing.the acquisition of photorhabdus insect-related (pir) toxin-like genes in vibrio parahaemolyticus has been linked to hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp. we report the whole-genome sequences of genetically virulent and avirulent v. parahaemolyticus isolated from a malaysian aquaculture pond and show that they represent previously unreported sequence types of v. parahaemolyticus.201728495773
isolation of bdellovibrio and like organisms and potential to reduce acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, a severe disease of shrimp, is caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus (ahpnd vp), a halophilic bacterium harboring a plasmid that contains toxin genes homologous to photorhabdus insect-related toxins. we obtained 9 isolates of bdellovibrio and like organisms (balos) from water and sediment samples in thailand. using 16s rrna sequencing, all of the organisms were identified as bacteriovorax spp. and were able to attack all tested ahpnd vp isolates. in addition, ...201728492178
pathogenic vibrio species isolated from estuarine environments (ceará, brazil) - antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential profiles.detection of virulent strains associated with aquatic environment is a current concern for the management and control of human and animal health. thus, vibrio diversity was investigated in four estuaries from state of ceará (pacoti, choró, pirangi and jaguaribe) followed by antimicrobial susceptibility to different antimicrobials used in aquaculture and detection of main virulence factors to human health. isolation and identification were performed on tcbs agar (selective medium) and dichotomous ...201728489191
bile sensing: the activation of vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence.bacteria must develop resistance to various inhospitable conditions in order to survive in the human gastrointestinal tract. bile, which is secreted by the liver, and plays an important role in food digestion also has antimicrobial properties and is able to disrupt cellular homeostasis. paradoxically, although bile is one of the guts defenses, many studies have reported that bacteria such as vibrio parahaemolyticus can sense bile and use its presence as an environmental cue to upregulate virulen ...201728484445
effects of ambient exposure, refrigeration, and icing on vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus abundances in oysters.vibrio vulnificus (vv) and v. parahaemolyticus (vp) illnesses are typically acquired through the consumption of raw molluscan shellfish, particularly oysters. as vibrio spp. are naturally-occurring bacteria, one means of mitigation of illness is achieved by limiting post-harvest growth. in this study, effects of ambient air storage, refrigeration, and icing of oysters on vibrio spp. abundances were examined at two sites in alabama (al) [dog river (dr) and cedar point (cp)] and one site in delawa ...201728482282
molecular cloning, characterization and functional analysis of a putative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (mekk4) from blood clam tegillarca granosa.the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades stand for one of the most important signaling mechanisms in response to environmental stimuli. in the present study, we cloned and identified for the first time the full-length cdna of mapk kinase kinase 4 (tgmekk4) from blood clam tegillarca granosa using rapid amplification of cdna ends method. the full-length cdna of tgmekk4 was of 1605 bp in length, encoding a polypeptide of 364 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 41.22 kda and ...201728476674
identification and characterization of a laccase from litopenaeus vannamei involved in anti-bacterial host defense.phenoloxidases (pos) are a family of enzymes including tyrosinases, catecholases and laccases, which play an important role in immune defences of various invertebrates. whether or not laccase exists in shrimp and its function is still poorly understood. in this study, a laccase (lvlac) was cloned and identified from litopenaeus vannamei for the first time. the full length of lvlac is 3406 bp, including a 2034 bp open reading frame (orf) coding for a putative protein of 677 amino acids with a sig ...201728476665
new chlorinated xanthone and anthraquinone produced by a mangrove-derived fungus penicillium citrinum hl-5126.two new chlorinated metabolites 4-chloro-1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-8-methoxycarbonyl-xanthen-9-one (1) and 2'-acetoxy-7-chlorocitreorosein (2), together with three known compounds (3-5), were obtained from the etoac extract of the endophytic fungus penicillium citrinum hl-5126 isolated from the mangrove bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala collected in the south china sea. their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. all compounds were evalu ...201728465625
molecular characteristics, biofilm-forming abilities, and quorum sensing molecules in vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from marine and clinical environments in korea.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an inhabitant of marine and estuarine environments and causes seafood-borne gastroenteritis in humans. in this study, an ultrafast labchip real-time pcr assay was evaluated for rapid detection and quantification of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus isolates. escherichia coli and vibrio harveyi were used as negative controls. twenty-six tdh-positive, biofilm-producing v. parahaemolyticus isolates were analyzed by repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction ...201728452235
corrigendum: assessing the function of stas domain protein sypa in vibrio fischeri using a comparative analysis.[this corrects the article on p. 760 in vol. 6, pmid: 26284045.].201728450861
a sulfated galactans supplemented diet enhances the expression of immune genes and protects against vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in shrimp.a sulfated galactans (sg) supplemented diet was evaluated for the potential to stimulate immune activity in shrimp penaeus vannamei (p. vannamei). shrimp given the sg supplemented diet (0.5, 1 and 2% w/w) for 7 days showed enhanced expression of the downstream signaling mediator of lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein (lgbp) and immune related genes including p-nf-κb, imd, ikkβ and ikkε, antimicrobial peptide pen-4, propo-i and ii. following immersion with vibrio parahaemolyticus ...201728442419
identification of a macrobrachium nipponense c-type lectin with a close evolutionary relationship to vertebrate lectins.c-type lectins (ctls) are involved in the innate immune defense of vertebrates and invertebrates against invading pathogens. this study cloned and characterized a novel c-type lectin (mnctl) of the oriental river prawn, macrobrachium nipponense. the cloned mnctl cdna encompasses an open reading frame of 774 nucleotides and encodes polypeptides of 257 residues. the deduced mnctl protein contains a single carbohydrate recognition domain (crd) with an epn (glu-pro-asn) motif in calcium-binding site ...201728441623
three new piscidins from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides): phylogeny, expression and functional characterization.the present study reports the identification, and characterization of three new putative piscidin paralogues, ecpis-2, ecpis-3 and ecpis-4, from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). the cdna of the three piscidins with the 207, 216, and 231 nt open reading frame encoded respectively a 68-, 71-, and 76-amino acid preprotein consisting of the predicted signal peptide, and putative mature peptide and prodomain. the phylogenetic analysis indicated that multiple piscidin paralogues in one f ...201728433718
acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease-causing vibrio parahaemolyticus strains maintain an antibacterial type vi secretion system with versatile effector repertoires.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) is a newly emerging shrimp disease that has severely damaged the global shrimp industry. ahpnd is caused by toxic strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus that have acquired a "selfish plasmid" encoding the deadly binary toxins pira(vp)/pirb(vp) to better understand the repertoire of virulence factors in ahpnd-causing v. parahaemolyticus, we conducted a comparative analysis using the genome sequences of the clinical strain rimd2210633 and of environmenta ...201728432099
recombinant pira-like toxin protects shrimp against challenge with vibrio parahaemolyticus, the aetiological agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease. 201728422302
application of electrolysed oxidising water as a sanitiser to extend the shelf-life of seafood products: a review.electrolysed oxidising water (e.o. water) is produced by electrolysis of sodium chloride to yield primarily chlorine based oxidising products. at neutral ph this results in hypochlorous acid in the un-protonated form which has the greatest oxidising potential and ability to penetrate microbial cell walls to disrupt the cell membranes. e.o. water has been shown to be an effective method to reduce microbial contamination on food processing surfaces. the efficacy of e.o. water against pathogenic ba ...201728416883
antagonistic activity of thymus vulgaris extracts against vibrio species isolated from seafoods.this study examined the antibacterial activity of thymus vulgaris on multiple antibiotic resistant (mar) vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio fluvialis isolated from shrimps. the ethanol extract of t. vulgaris antibacterial properties was assessed using the agar diffusion method. survival of test organisms in shrimp meat using different concentrations of t. vulgaris was done using standard method. the quantitative and qualitative phytochemical tests of t. vulgaris extract were determined. the etha ...201728416870
plasmid dynamics in vibrio parahaemolyticus strains related to shrimp acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (ahpns).vibrio parahaemolyticus is a causative agent of acute hapatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (ahpns) which causes early mortality in white shrimp. emergence of ahpns has caused tremendous economic loss for aquaculture industry particularly in asia since 2010. previous studies reported that strains causing ahpns harbor a 69-kb plasmid with possession of virulence genes, pira and pirb. however, genetic variation of the 69-kb plasmid among ahpns related strains has not been investigated. this study aim ...201728404482
responses of mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes to environmental strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio vulnificus.marine bivalves are exposed to different types of bacteria in the surrounding waters, in particular of the vibrio genus. in the hemocytes of the mussel mytilus spp. immune responses to different vibrios have been largely characterized. however, little information is available on the hemocyte responses to human pathogenic vibrios commonly detected in coastal waters and bivalve tissues that are involved in seafood-borne diseases.201728390964
toxicity of herbal extracts used in ethno-veterinary medicine and green-encapsulated zno nanoparticles against aedes aegypti and microbial pathogens.dengue and chikungunya are arboviral diseases mainly vectored by the mosquito aedes aegypti. presently, there is no treatment for these viral diseases and their prevention is still based on vector control measures. nanopesticides fabricated using herbal extracts as reducing and capping agents currently represent an excellent platform for pest control. in this scenario, the present study assessed the acute toxicity of seven plants employed in ethno-veterinary medicine of southern india, as well a ...201728389893
calr is required for the expression of t6ss2 and the adhesion of vibrio parahaemolyticus to hela cells.vibrio parahaemolyticus expresses one major virulence determinant t6ss2, which is constituted into three putative operons, i.e., vpa1027-1024, vpa1043-1028, and vpa1044-1046. calr, a lysr-type transcriptional regulator, was originally identified as a repressor of the swarming motility and t3ss1 gene expression. as shown in this study, calr binds to the promoter-proximal region of each of the three operons to activate their transcription, and moreover, calr activates the adhesion of v. parahaemol ...201728378143
kinetics of the inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus in weakly acidic sodium chlorite solution.the kinetics of the inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus in sodium chlorite (naclo2) solution was studied in the weakly acidic ph range of 4.0 to 6.5 and at various temperatures. the logarithmic reduction of the survival ratio depended on the concentration-time product, and all the inactivation curves showed a linear reduction phase. the first-order inactivation rate constant (k) increased by approximately twice for every 0.44 unit fall in ph. during the inactivation experiments, no formation ...201728367867
mechanisms for pseudoalteromonas piscicida-induced killing of vibrios and other bacterial pathogens.pseudoalteromonas piscicida are gram-negative gammaproteobacteria found in the marine environment. three strains of pigmented p. piscicida were isolated from seawater and partially characterized by inhibition studies, electron microscopy, and proteolytic enzyme production. growth inhibition and death occurred around colonies of p. piscicida on lawns of the naturally-occurring marine pathogens vibrio vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae, photobacterium damselae and shewanella algae inhibi ...201728363962
antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolites and phylogenetic study of sponge endosymbiotic bacteria, bacillus sp. at agatti island, lakshadweep archipelago.twenty-one species of sponges were recorded under the class of demospongiae and calcareous sponges of which 19 species were new to agatti reef. a total of 113 sponge endosymbiotic bacterial strains were isolated from twenty-one species of sponges and screened for antimicrobial activity. five bacterial strains of sponge endosymbiotic bacteria (seb) namely seb32, seb33, seb36, seb43 and seb51 showed antimicrobial activity against virulent marine fish pathogens such as vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio ...201628352539
development of a multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the simultaneous detection of salmonella spp. and vibrio parahaemolyticus.rapid detection of food-borne pathogens is important in the food industry, to monitor and prevent the spread of these pathogens through contaminated food products. we therefore established a multiplex real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay to simultaneously detect and distinguish salmonella spp. and vibrio parahaemolyticus dna in a single reaction. two target sequences, one specific for salmonella and the other specific for vibrio parahaemolyticus, were amplified by specif ...201728349967
defining a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for the global epidemiology of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human foodborne pathogen whose transmission is associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood with a growing number of infections reported over recent years worldwide. a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) database for v. parahaemolyticus was created in 2008 and a large number of clones have been identified causing severe outbreaks worldwide (st3), recurrent outbreaks in certain regions (e.g., st36) or spreading to other regions where they are non-e ...201728330888
control of biofilm forming clinically important bacteria by green synthesized zno nanoparticles and its ecotoxicity on ceriodaphnia cornuta.zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using the aqueous leaf extracts of plectranthus barbatus (plb-zno nps) and characterized by uv-visible spectroscopy, xrd, ftir, sem and eds. uv-visible spectra recorded the absorbance peak of plb-zno nps at 343 nm. sem analyses showed the spherical shape of plb-zno nps with the particle size between 30 and 60 nm. plb-zno nps exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against gram positive bacillus subtilis at all tested concentrations. in contrast, ...201728330748
occurrence and virulence properties of vibrio and salinivibrio isolates from tropical lagoons of the southern caribbean sea.the vibrionaceae are gram-negative bacteria present in marine and estuarine environments worldwide, including several species known as important pathogens to humans and aquatic organisms. the aim of this research was to investigate the occurrence and virulence properties of vibrio and salinivibrio isolated from lagoons at cuare wildlife refuge and margarita island in the southern caribbean sea. water, plankton and oyster samples were collected during october 2011 and march 2012 and examined by s ...201728324231
transcriptional regulation of cpsq-mfpabc and mfpabc by calr in vibrio parahaemolyticus.the cpsq-mfpabc locus is transcribed as two operons, i.e., cpsq-mfpabc and mfpabc, in vibrio parahaemolyticus, and both of them are all required for biofilm formation. calr belongs to the lysr-type transcriptional regulator family, and was originally identified as a repressor of the swarming motility and t3ss1 genes expression in v. parahaemolyticus. in the present work, a combination of qrt-pcr, primer extension, lacz fusion expression, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and dnase i footprin ...201728318117
dietary yeast sterigmatomyces halophilus enhances mucosal immunity of gilthead seabream (sparus aurata l.).a yeast was isolated from hypersaline sediments, grown and phylogenetically characterized as sterigmatomyces halophilus strainn16. the dietary administration of this yeast was studied for its effect on skin mucosal immune and antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (sparus aurata l.). fish were fed a commercial diet (control, non-supplemented diet), or the same commercial diet supplemented with 0.55% or 1.1% of yeast for 15 and 30 days. one month after the end of the trial, fish from all treatme ...201728315392
characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters in korea: resistance to various antibiotics and prevalence of virulence genes.vibrio parahaemolyticus, found frequently in oysters, is the most prevalent gastroenteritis-causing pathogen in korea and in several other asian countries. this study monitored changes in the environmental parameters and occurrence of v. parahaemolyticus in oyster aquaculture sites. of the 44 presumed v. parahaemolyticus isolates obtained, when tested against 16 antibiotics, 90.9, 86.4, and 75.0% of the 44 isolates exhibited resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, and streptomycin, respectively. p ...201728279505
vibrio parahaemolyticus calr down regulates the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene transcription and thereby inhibits hemolytic activity.tdh, encoded by tdh gene, is a major virulent determinant of v. parahaemolyticus that controls various biological activities, such as hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity, and enterotoxicity. the hemolytic activity on wagatsuma agar ascribed to tdh is called kanagawa phenomenon (kp). all kp positive strains contain tdh1 and tdh2 genes, but tdh2 is predominantly responsible for kp. calr is a regulatory protein that was originally identified as a repressor of swarming motility and t3ss1 gene expressio ...201728268179
tc38, a teleost tfpi-2 peptide that kills bacteria via penetration of the cell membrane and interaction with nucleic acids.tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (tfpi-2) is an analog of tfpi-1 and a potent endogenous inhibitor of tissue factor (tf)-mediated blood coagulation. recent reports have proven that the c-terminal of tfpi-2 peptides in humans and several other vertebrates possesses antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. in our previous study, we reported that the tfpi-2 peptide, tc38 in tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis) was active against micrococcus luteus. in this study, we ...201728263880
an invertebrate sting from shrimp activates an innate immune defense against bacterial infection.it has been proposed that invertebrate stimulators of interferon genes (stings) do not take part in the innate immune response to infection. herein, we identified a new sting homolog from pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (lvsting). some amino acids crucial for recognizing cyclic dinucleotides in mammals are highly conserved in lvsting. moreover, lvsting expression can be robustly induced by challenge with the gram-negative bacteria vibrio parahaemolyticus. silencing of lvsting contribut ...201728236646
immune response and antioxidant status of portunus trituberculatus inoculated with pathogens.the white spot syndrome virus (wssv), vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. alginolyticus are serious epidemic pathogen affecting the cultured portunus trituberculatus and resulted in severe economic losses to local farmers. the immune and antioxidant systems are believed to be closely involved in host responses to pathogens in aerobic animals, including crustaceans. in order to explore such host-pathogen interactions in the early stage of infection in p. trituberculatus, the mrna transcript levels of ...201728235638
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