Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| classic reaction kinetics can explain complex patterns of antibiotic action. | finding optimal dosing strategies for treating bacterial infections is extremely difficult, and improving therapy requires costly and time-intensive experiments. to date, an incomplete mechanistic understanding of drug effects has limited our ability to make accurate quantitative predictions of drug-mediated bacterial killing and impeded the rational design of antibiotic treatment strategies. three poorly understood phenomena complicate predictions of antibiotic activity: post-antibiotic growth ... | 2015 | 25972005 |
| a factor converting viable but nonculturable vibrio cholerae to a culturable state in eukaryotic cells is a human catalase. | in our previous work, we demonstrated that viable but nonculturable (vbnc) vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 were converted to culturable by coculture with eukaryotic cells. furthermore, we isolated a factor converting vbnc v. cholerae to culturable (fcvc) from a eukaryotic cell line, ht-29. in this study, we purified fcvc by successive column chromatographies comprising uno q-6 anion exchange, bio-scale cht2-1 hydroxyapatite, and superdex 200 10/300 gl. homogeneity of the purified fcvc was demonstrat ... | 2015 | 25974870 |
| a case of non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae septicemia and meningitis in a neonate. | a case of septicemia with meningitis due to non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae in a neonate is reported. the genotype and phenotype of the isolate were examined in relation to the major virulence genes. the isolate was shown to be non-toxin but cytotoxin-producing, distinguished from the dominant clone of non-o1/non-o139v. cholerae by multilocus sequence typing. | 2015 | 25975654 |
| complete genome assemblies for two single-chromosome vibrio cholerae isolates, strains 1154-74 (serogroup o49) and 10432-62 (serogroup o27). | here, we report the completed genome sequences for two non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolates. each isolate has only a single chromosome, as opposed to the normal paradigm of two chromosomes found in all other v. cholerae isolates. | 2015 | 25977434 |
| dbdiasnp: an open-source knowledgebase of genetic polymorphisms and resistance genes related to diarrheal pathogens. | diarrhea is a highly common infection among children, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. after pneumonia, diarrhea remains the second leading cause of neonatal deaths. numerous viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteric pathogens are associated with diarrhea. with increasing antibiotic resistance among enteric pathogens, there is an urgent need for global surveillance of the mutations and resistance genes primarily responsible for resistance to antibiotic treatment. ... | 2015 | 25978092 |
| repression by h-ns of genes required for the biosynthesis of the vibrio cholerae biofilm matrix is modulated by the second messenger cyclic diguanylic acid. | expression of vibrio cholerae genes required for the biosynthesis of exopolysacchide (vps) and protein (rbm) components of the biofilm matrix is enhanced by cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp). in a previous study, we reported that the histone-like nucleoid structuring (h-ns) protein represses the transcription of vpsa, vpsl and vpst. here we demonstrate that the regulator vpst can disrupt repressive h-ns nucleoprotein complexes at the vpsa and vpsl promoters in the presence of c-di-gmp, while h-ns co ... | 2015 | 25982817 |
| highly active and stable oxaloacetate decarboxylase na⁺ pump complex for structural analysis. | the oxaloacetate decarboxylase primary na(+) pump (oad) produces energy for the surviving of some pathogenic bacteria under anaerobic conditions. oad composes of three subunits: oad-α, a biotinylated soluble subunit and catalyzes the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate; oad-β, a transmembrane subunit and functions as a na(+) pump; and oad-γ, a single transmembrane α-helical anchor subunit and assembles oad-α/β/γ complex. the molecular mechanism of oad complex coupling the exothermic decarboxylation ... | 2015 | 25986323 |
| atp-association to intrabacterial nanotransportation system in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae colonizes the lumen of the proximal small intestine, which has an alkaline environment, and secretes cholera toxin (ct) through a type ii secretion machinery. v. cholerae possesses the intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibnots) for transporting ct from the inner portion toward the peripheral portion of the cytoplasm, and this system is controlled by extrabacterial ph. association of atp with ibnots has not yet been examined in detail. in this study, we demonstrated by immu ... | 2015 | 25986680 |
| integrating small molecule signalling and h-ns antagonism in vibrio cholerae, a bacterium with two chromosomes. | h-ns is a well-established silencer of virulence gene transcription in the human pathogen vibrio cholerae. biofilm formation aids v. cholerae in colonizing both its host and its external environments, and h-ns silences biofilm gene expression. cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate acts through the dna binding proteins vpsr and vpst to overcome h-ns-mediated repression of biofilm genes, driving a transition between a planktonic and a colonial/biofilm lifestyle. the h-ns binding pattern has now been c ... | 2015 | 25988304 |
| rpos and quorum sensing control expression and polar localization of vibrio cholerae chemotaxis cluster iii proteins in vitro and in vivo. | the diarrheal pathogen vibrio cholerae contains three gene clusters that encode chemotaxis-related proteins, but only cluster ii appears to be required for chemotaxis. here, we present the first characterization of v. cholerae's 'cluster iii' chemotaxis system. we found that cluster iii proteins assemble into foci at bacterial poles, like those formed by cluster ii proteins, but the two systems assemble independently and do not colocalize. cluster iii proteins are expressed in vitro during stati ... | 2015 | 25989366 |
| establishment and characterization of fin-derived cell line from ornamental carp, cyprinus carpio koi, for virus isolation in india. | cyprinus carpio koi fin (cckf) cell line was established and characterized from the caudal fin tissue of ornamental common carp, c. carpio koi. this cell line has been maintained in l-15 medium supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum (fbs) and subcultured more than 52 times over a period of 24 mo. the cckf cell line consisted of epithelial cells and was able to grow at temperatures between 22 and 35°c with an optimum temperature of 28°c. the growth rate of these cells increased as the proporti ... | 2015 | 25990269 |
| gut microbial succession follows acute secretory diarrhea in humans. | disability after childhood diarrhea is an important burden on global productivity. recent studies suggest that gut bacterial communities influence how humans recover from infectious diarrhea, but we still lack extensive data and mechanistic hypotheses for how these bacterial communities respond to diarrheal disease and its treatment. here, we report that after vibrio cholerae infection, the human gut microbiota undergoes an orderly and reproducible succession that features transient reversals in ... | 2015 | 25991682 |
| ctxφ replication depends on the histone-like hu protein and the uvrd helicase. | the vibrio cholerae bacterium is the agent of cholera. the capacity to produce the cholera toxin, which is responsible for the deadly diarrhea associated with cholera epidemics, is encoded in the genome of a filamentous phage, ctxφ. rolling-circle replication (rcr) is central to the life cycle of ctxφ because amplification of the phage genome permits its efficient integration into the genome and its packaging into new viral particles. a single phage-encoded huh endonuclease initiates rcr of the ... | 2015 | 25992634 |
| intestinal colonization dynamics of vibrio cholerae. | to cause the diarrheal disease cholera, vibrio cholerae must effectively colonize the small intestine. in order to do so, the bacterium needs to successfully travel through the stomach and withstand the presence of agents such as bile and antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal lumen and mucus. the bacterial cells penetrate the viscous mucus layer covering the epithelium and attach and proliferate on its surface. in this review, we discuss recent developments and known aspects of the early stag ... | 2015 | 25996593 |
| regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the virulence activator tcpp in vibrio cholerae is initiated by the tail-specific protease (tsp). | vibrio cholerae uses a multiprotein transcriptional regulatory cascade to control expression of virulence factors cholera toxin and toxin-co-regulated pilus. two proteins in this cascade are toxr and tcpp - unusual membrane-localized transcription factors with relatively undefined periplasmic domains and transcription activator cytoplasmic domains. tcpp and toxr function with each other and two other membrane-localized proteins, tcph and toxs, to activate transcription of toxt, encoding the dire ... | 2015 | 25999037 |
| vibrio cholerae response regulator vxrb controls colonization and regulates the type vi secretion system. | two-component signal transduction systems (tcs) are used by bacteria to sense and respond to their environment. tcs are typically composed of a sensor histidine kinase (hk) and a response regulator (rr). the vibrio cholerae genome encodes 52 rr, but the role of these rrs in v. cholerae pathogenesis is largely unknown. to identify rrs that control v. cholerae colonization, in-frame deletions of each rr were generated and the resulting mutants analyzed using an infant mouse intestine colonization ... | 2015 | 26000450 |
| enumeration of viable non-culturable vibrio cholerae using propidium monoazide combined with quantitative pcr. | the well-known human pathogenic bacterium, vibrio cholerae, can enter a physiologically viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state under stress conditions. the differentiation of vbnc cells and nonviable cells is essential for both disease prevention and basic research. among all the methods for detecting viability, propidium monoazide (pma) combined with real-time pcr is popular because of its specificity, sensitivity, and speed. however, the effect of pma treatment is not consistent and varies amo ... | 2015 | 26001818 |
| the kinetic reaction mechanism of the vibrio cholerae sodium-dependent nadh dehydrogenase. | the sodium-dependent nadh dehydrogenase (na(+)-nqr) is the main ion transporter in vibrio cholerae. its activity is linked to the operation of the respiratory chain and is essential for the development of the pathogenic phenotype. previous studies have described different aspects of the enzyme, including the electron transfer pathways, sodium pumping structures, cofactor and subunit composition, among others. however, the mechanism of the enzyme remains to be completely elucidated. in this work, ... | 2015 | 26004776 |
| evidence for tlr4 and fcrγ-card9 activation by cholera toxin b subunit and its direct bindings to trem2 and lmir5 receptors. | cholera toxin (ctx) is a virulent factor of vibrio cholerae that causes life-threatening diarrheal disease. its non-toxic subunit ctb has been extensively studied for vaccine delivery. in immune cells, ctb induces a number of signaling molecules related to cellular activation and cytokine production. the mechanisms by which ctb exerts its immunological effects are not understood. we report here the immunological targets of ctb. the unexpected finding that gm1 ganglioside inhibited nf-κb activati ... | 2015 | 26021803 |
| [the development of biochip to detect anti-cholera antibodies in human blood serum]. | the full-scaled agglutinating immunoassay is commonly applied to detect content of antibodies to cholera agent vibrio cholerae human in blood serum under application of serological diagnostic. the time of analysis implementation amounts to 18 hours. to shorten time of detection of antibodies a biological microchip (biochip) was developed. the biochip represents an activated slide with immobilized corpuscle and soluble antigen cholera agent (o-antigens, cholera toxin). the experimental work resul ... | 2015 | 26027261 |
| antibacterial potential of a basic phospholipase a2 (vrv-pl-viiia) from daboia russelii pulchella (russell's viper) venom. | microbial/bacterial resistance against antibiotics poses a serious threat to public health. furthermore, the side effects of these antibiotics have stimulated tremendous interest in developing new molecules from diverse organisms as therapeutic agents. this study evaluates the antibacterial potential of a basic protein, vipera russellii venom phospholipase a2 fraction viiia (vrv-pl-viiia), from daboia russelii pulchella venom against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | 2015 | 26042153 |
| oxalic acid capped iron oxide nanorods as a sensing platform. | a label free impedimetric immunosensor has been fabricated using protein bovine serum albumin (bsa) and monoclonal antibodies against vibrio cholerae (ab) functionalized oxalic acid (oa) capped iron oxide (fe3o4) nanorods for v. cholerae detection. the structural and morphological studies of fe3o4 and oa-fe3o4, were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission electron microscopy (tem), fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (dls) techniques. the av ... | 2015 | 26048074 |
| a global map of suitability for coastal vibrio cholerae under current and future climate conditions. | vibrio cholerae is a globally distributed water-borne pathogen that causes severe diarrheal disease and mortality, with current outbreaks as part of the seventh pandemic. further understanding of the role of environmental factors in potential pathogen distribution and corresponding v. cholerae disease transmission over time and space is urgently needed to target surveillance of cholera and other climate and water-sensitive diseases. we used an ecological niche model (enm) to identify environment ... | 2015 | 26048558 |
| plasma leptin levels in children hospitalized with cholera in bangladesh. | vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, induces both innate and adaptive immune responses in infected humans. leptin is a hormone that plays a role in both metabolism and mediating immune responses. we characterized leptin levels in 11 children with cholera in bangladesh, assessing leptin levels on days 2, 7, 30, and 180 following cholera. we found that patients at the acute stage of cholera had significantly lower plasma leptin levels than matched controls, and compared with levels in late conva ... | 2015 | 26055740 |
| a genome-wide screen reveals that the vibrio cholerae phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system modulates virulence gene expression. | diverse environmental stimuli and a complex network of regulatory factors are known to modulate expression of vibrio cholerae's principal virulence factors. however, there is relatively little known about how metabolic factors impinge upon the pathogen's well-characterized cascade of transcription factors that induce expression of cholera toxin and the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp). here, we used a transposon insertion site (tis) sequencing-based strategy to identify new factors required for exp ... | 2015 | 26056384 |
| fabv/triclosan is an antibiotic-free and cost-effective selection system for efficient maintenance of high and medium-copy number plasmids in escherichia coli. | antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotics are frequently used to maintain plasmid vectors in bacterial hosts such as escherichia coli. due to the risk of spread of antibiotic resistance, the regulatory authorities discourage the use of antibiotic resistance genes/antibiotics for the maintenance of plasmid vectors in certain biotechnology applications. overexpression of e. coli endogenous fabi gene and subsequent selection on triclosan has been proposed as a practical alternative to traditional ... | 2015 | 26057251 |
| revisiting the membrane interaction mechanism of a membrane-damaging β-barrel pore-forming toxin vibrio cholerae cytolysin. | vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) permeabilizes target cell membranes by forming transmembrane oligomeric β-barrel pores. vcc has been shown to associate with the target membranes via amphipathicity-driven spontaneous partitioning into the membrane environment. more specific interaction(s) of vcc with the membrane components have also been documented. in particular, specific binding of vcc with the membrane lipid components is believed to play a crucial role in determining the efficacy of the pore ... | 2015 | 26059432 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae isolated from clinical samples in kurdistan province, iran. | vibrio cholerae causes diarrhoeal disease that afflicts thousands of people annually. v. cholerae is classified on the basis of somatic antigens into serovars or serogroups and there are at least 200 known serogroup. two serogroups, o1 and o139 have been associated with epidemic diseases. virulence genes of these bacteria are ompw, ctxa and tcpa. | 2015 | 26060565 |
| replication and active partition of integrative and conjugative elements (ices) of the sxt/r391 family: the line between ices and conjugative plasmids is getting thinner. | integrative and conjugative elements (ices) of the sxt/r391 family disseminate multidrug resistance among pathogenic gammaproteobacteria such as vibrio cholerae. sxt/r391 ices are mobile genetic elements that reside in the chromosome of their host and eventually self-transfer to other bacteria by conjugation. conjugative transfer of sxt/r391 ices involves a transient extrachromosomal circular plasmid-like form that is thought to be the substrate for single-stranded dna translocation to the recip ... | 2015 | 26061412 |
| predicting homogeneous pilus structure from monomeric data and sparse constraints. | type iv pili (t4p) and t2ss (type ii secretion system) pseudopili are filaments extending beyond microbial surfaces, comprising homologous subunits called "pilins." in this paper, we presented a new approach to predict pseudo atomic models of pili combining ambiguous symmetric constraints with sparse distance information obtained from experiments and based neither on electronic microscope (em) maps nor on accurate a priori symmetric details. the approach was validated by the reconstruction of th ... | 2015 | 26064954 |
| the effect of solar irradiated vibrio cholerae on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the jaws ii dendritic cell line in vitro. | the use of solar irradiation to sterilize water prior to its consumption has resulted in the reduction of water related illnesses in waterborne disease endemic communities worldwide. currently, research on solar water disinfection (sodis) has been directed towards understanding the underlying mechanisms through which solar irradiation inactivates the culturability of microorganisms in water, enhancement of the disinfection process, and the health impact of sodis water consumption. however, the i ... | 2015 | 26066787 |
| correction: genomic location of the major ribosomal protein gene locus determines vibrio cholerae global growth and infectivity. | 2015 | 26076373 | |
| tlr2, but not tlr4, plays a predominant role in the immune responses to cholera vaccines. | vibrio cholerae can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration leading to high mortality and morbidity. current cholera vaccines are formulated with kvc. although the innate immune responses following vaccination deeply influence the induction of adaptive immunity, the initial recognition of cholera vaccines by the host innate immune system is not well characterized. in this study, the ability of kvc to induce innate immune responses was investigated. unlike typical gram-negative bacteria stimulating ... | 2015 | 26078314 |
| a randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating safety and immunogenicity of the killed, bivalent, whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in ethiopia. | killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (ocv) has been a key component of a comprehensive package including water and sanitation measures for recent cholera epidemics. the vaccine, given in a two-dose regimen, has been evaluated in a large number of human volunteers in india, vietnam, and bangladesh, where it has demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy. we conducted a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in ethiopia, where we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity ... | 2015 | 26078323 |
| characterization of 3 megabase-sized circular replicons from vibrio cholerae. | 2015 | 26079534 | |
| [analysis of twin-arginine translocation system gene homology and transcription in vibrio species]. | to determine the function of twin-arginine translocation system (tat) and gene cluster in vibrio strains and to analyze the homology of tat gene cluster among different vibrio spp. strains based on n16961 and tatabc mutant strains n169-dtat. | 2015 | 26081394 |
| [development of a rapid molecular typing method for vibrio cholerae using melting curve-based multilocus melt typing]. | to develop a high-throughput rapid method for vibrio (v.) cholerae molecular typing based on melting curve-based multilocus melt typing (mcmlmt). | 2015 | 26081395 |
| [antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of vibrio cholera strains isolated from an outbreak of cholera epidemic in jiangsu province]. | to assess the antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of cholera strains and to provide basis for clinical treatment and prevention of cholera. | 2015 | 26081396 |
| prevalence of vibrio spp. in raw shrimps (parapenaeus longirostris) and performance of a chromogenic medium for the isolation of vibrio strains. | vibrios are natural inhabitants of estuarine ecosystems and some species may pose public health problem as agents of sporadic or collective food-borne infections associated with the consumption of fish or shellfish. samples of raw shrimp (n = 299), fished in coastal areas of the city of agadir, morocco, and collected from its fish marketplace, were examined for the presence of pathogenic vibrios. microbiological analysis was carried out according to a protocol using thiosulphate citrate bile suc ... | 2015 | 26081523 |
| chemoenzymatic syntheses of sialylated oligosaccharides containing c5-modified neuraminic acids for dual inhibition of hemagglutinins and neuraminidases. | a fast chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharides containing c5-modified neuraminic acids is reported. analogues of gm3 and gm2 ganglioside saccharidic portions where the acetyl group of neunac has been replaced by a phenylacetyl (phac) or a propanoyl (prop) moiety have been efficiently prepared with metabolically engineered e. coli bacteria. gm3 analogues were either obtained by chemoselective modification of biosynthetic n-acetyl-sialyllactoside (gm3 nac) or by direct bacterial sy ... | 2015 | 26088695 |
| vibrio cholerae porin ompu mediates m1-polarization of macrophages/monocytes via tlr1/tlr2 activation. | polarization of the monocytes and macrophages toward the m1 and m2 states is important for hosts' defense against the pathogens. moreover, it plays a crucial role to resolve the overwhelming inflammatory responses that can be harmful to the host. polarization of macrophages/monocytes can be induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). pamp-mediated monocyte/macrophage polarization is important during the infection, as pathogen can suppress host immune system by altering the polariz ... | 2015 | 26093918 |
| rna-seq analysis and whole genome dna-binding profile of the vibrio cholerae histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (h-ns). | the data described in this article pertain to the genome-wide transcription profiling of a vibrio cholerae mutant lacking the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (h-ns) and the mapping of the h-ns chromosome binding sites [1, 2]. h-ns is a nucleoid-associated protein with two interrelated functions: organization of the bacterial nucleoid and transcriptional silencing [3]. both functions require dna binding and protein oligomerization [4, 5]. h-ns commonly silences the expression of virulen ... | 2015 | 26097806 |
| catechol siderophore transport by vibrio cholerae. | siderophores, small iron-binding molecules secreted by many microbial species, capture environmental iron for transport back into the cell. vibrio cholerae synthesizes and uses the catechol siderophore vibriobactin and also uses siderophores secreted by other species, including enterobactin produced by escherichia coli. e. coli secretes both canonical cyclic enterobactin and linear enterobactin derivatives likely derived from its cleavage by the enterobactin esterase fes. we show here that v. ch ... | 2015 | 26100039 |
| biology of three ice families: sxt/r391, icebs1, and icest1/icest3. | integrative and conjugative elements (ices) are bacterial mobile genetic elements that play a key role in bacterial genomes dynamics and evolution. ices are widely distributed among virtually all bacterial genera. recent extensive studies have unraveled their high diversity and complexity. the present review depicts the general conserved features of ices and describes more precisely three major families of ices that have been extensively studied in the past decade for their biology, their evolut ... | 2014 | 26104437 |
| biofilm matrix proteins. | proteinaceous components of the biofilm matrix include secreted extracellular proteins, cell surface adhesins, and protein subunits of cell appendages such as flagella and pili. biofilm matrix proteins play diverse roles in biofilm formation and dissolution. they are involved in attaching cells to surfaces, stabilizing the biofilm matrix via interactions with exopolysaccharide and nucleic acid components, developing three-dimensional biofilm architectures, and dissolving biofilm matrix via enzym ... | 2015 | 26104709 |
| relationship between distinct african cholera epidemics revealed via mlva haplotyping of 337 vibrio cholerae isolates. | since cholera appeared in africa during the 1970s, cases have been reported on the continent every year. in sub-saharan africa, cholera outbreaks primarily cluster at certain hotspots including the african great lakes region and west africa. | 2015 | 26110870 |
| the two transmembrane helices of ccop are sufficient for assembly of the cbb3-type heme-copper oxygen reductase from vibrio cholerae. | the c-family (cbb3) of heme-copper oxygen reductases are proton-pumping enzymes terminating the aerobic respiratory chains of many bacteria, including a number of human pathogens. the most common form of these enzymes contains one copy each of 4 subunits encoded by the cconoqp operon. in the cbb3 from rhodobacter capsulatus, the enzyme is assembled in a stepwise manner, with an essential role played by an assembly protein ccoh. importantly, it has been proposed that a transient interaction betwe ... | 2015 | 26116881 |
| a conserved pattern of primer-dependent transcription initiation in escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae revealed by 5' rna-seq. | transcription initiation that involves the use of a 2- to ~4-nt oligoribonucleotide primer, "primer-dependent initiation," (pdi) has been shown to be widely prevalent at promoters of genes expressed during the stationary phase of growth in escherichia coli. however, the extent to which pdi impacts e. coli physiology, and the extent to which pdi occurs in other bacteria is not known. here we establish a physiological role for pdi in e. coli as a regulatory mechanism that modulates biofilm formati ... | 2015 | 26131907 |
| international collaborative research on infectious diseases by japanese universities and institutes in asia and africa, with a special emphasis on j-grid. | in developed countries including japan, malignant tumor (cancer), heart disease and cerebral apoplexy are major causes of death, but infectious diseases are still responsible for a high number of deaths in developing countries, especially among children aged less than 5 years. world health statistics published by who reports a high percentage of mortality from infectious diseases in children, and many of these diseases may be subject to transmission across borders and could possibly invade japan ... | 2015 | 26133505 |
| erratum to: atp-association to intrabacterial nanotransportation system in vibrio cholerae. | 2015 | 26134077 | |
| evaluation of a field appropriate membrane filtration method for the detection of vibrio cholerae for the measurement of biosand filter performance in the artibonite valley, haiti. | biosand filters in the artibonite valley of haiti, the epicenter of the cholera epidemic that began in october 2010, were tested for total coliform and vibrio cholerae removal efficiencies. while coliform are often used as an indicator organism for pathogenic bacteria, a correlation has never been established linking the concentration of coliform and v. cholerae, the causative agent for cholera. hence, a method for field enumeration of v. cholerae was developed and tested. to this end, a plate c ... | 2015 | 26135641 |
| characterization of prohibitin 1 as a host partner of vibrio vulnificus rtxa1 toxin. | rtxa1 toxin, which results in cytoskeletal rearrangement, contact cytotoxicity, hemolysis, tissue invasion, and lethality in mice, is the most potent cytotoxic virulence factor of vibrio vulnificus. bioinformatics analysis of rtxa1 predicted 4 functional domains that presumably performed discrete functions during host cell killing. v. vulnificus rtxa1 has a unique domain designated as rtxa1-d2, corresponding to amino acids 1951-2574, which is absent in vibrio cholerae multifunctional-autoprocess ... | 2016 | 26136468 |
| the structure of na⁺-translocating of nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase of vibrio cholerae: implications on coupling between electron transfer and na⁺ transport. | the na⁺-translocating nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (na⁺-nqr) of vibrio cholerae is a respiratory complex that couples the exergonic oxidation of nadh to the transport of na⁺ across the cytoplasmic membrane. it is composed of six different subunits, nqra, nqrb, nqrc, nqrd, nqre, and nqrf, which harbor fad, fmn, riboflavin, quinone, and two fes centers as redox co-factors. we recently determined the x-ray structure of the entire na⁺-nqr complex at 3.5-å resolution and complemented the analysis b ... | 2015 | 26146127 |
| vibrio cholerae pathogen from the freshwater-cultured whiteleg shrimp penaeus vannamei and control with bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. | vibriosis has become a major global economic problem in freshwater-farmed whiteleg shrimp (penaeus vannamei). the prevention and control of vibriosis are now priority research topics. in this study, a pathogenic strain (qh) was isolated from vibriosis-infected freshwater-farmed p. vannamei that resulted in leg yellowing and was identified as a vibrio cholerae isolate through phylogenetic analysis and the api 32gn system. a phylogenetic tree that was constructed using the neighbor-joining method ... | 2015 | 26146226 |
| protein profiles in mucosal and systemic compartments in response to vibrio cholerae in a mouse pulmonary infection model. | we have recently shown that a mouse lung infection model resulting in acute pneumonia could be used for evaluating the protective immunity induced by mucosal vaccines against vibrio cholerae. in order to gain insight and better understanding of the pathogenicity of v. cholerae infection, we identified and compared proteins induced by v. cholerae in nasal washes, bronchoalveolar lavages (bal), and sera. intranasal administration of v. cholerae increased the concentration of total proteins in nasa ... | 2015 | 26150210 |
| a cholera conjugate vaccine containing o-specific polysaccharide (osp) of v. cholerae o1 inaba and recombinant fragment of tetanus toxin heavy chain (osp:rtthc) induces serum, memory and lamina proprial responses against osp and is protective in mice. | vibrio cholerae is the cause of cholera, a severe watery diarrhea. protection against cholera is serogroup specific. serogroup specificity is defined by the o-specific polysaccharide (osp) component of lipopolysaccharide (lps). | 2015 | 26154421 |
| optimized quinoline amino alcohols as disruptors and dispersal agents of vibrio cholerae biofilms. | the biofilm state is an integral part of the lifecycle of many bacterial pathogens. identifying inhibitors as molecular probes against bacterial biofilms has numerous potential biomedical applications. here we report quinoline amino alcohol as a highly potent disruptor of v. cholerae biofilms. additionally, was able to disperse preformed biofilms, an activity exhibited by few compounds with biofilm inhibiting activity. | 2015 | 26156292 |
| genetic relatedness of selected clinical and environmental non-o1/o139 vibrio cholerae. | in an attempt to better understand the non-o1/o139 isolates of vibrio cholerae, a systematic study of clinical and environmental isolates collected from various geographical locations between the years 1932 and 1998 was conducted. | 2015 | 26164777 |
| diarrhoea and smoking: an analysis of decades of observational data from bangladesh. | although cigarette smoking affects all biological systems of the human body including the gastrointestinal tract, there is a lack of evidence regarding its effect on the severity of diarrhoeal disease and whether a dose-response relationship exists. we therefore tested for the presence of specific causative pathogens for infectious diarrhoea, assessed the independent effect of smoking on its severity and tested whether any dose-response relationship existed while controlling for subjects' age, s ... | 2015 | 26164796 |
| non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae avian isolate from france cocarrying the bla(vim-1) and bla(vim-4) genes. | we describe here a non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolate producing both vim-1 and vim-4 carbapenemases. it was isolated from a yellow-legged gull in southern france. the blavim genes were part of a class 1 integron structure located in an inca/c plasmid. this study emphasizes the presence of carbapenemase genes in wildlife microbiota. | 2015 | 26169421 |
| glnr-mediated regulation of ectabcd transcription expands the role of the glnr regulon to osmotic stress management. | ectoine and hydroxyectoine are excellent compatible solutes for bacteria to deal with environmental osmotic stress and temperature damages. the biosynthesis cluster of ectoine and hydroxyectoine is widespread among microorganisms, and its expression is activated by high salinity and temperature changes. so far, little is known about the mechanism of the regulation of the transcription of ect genes and only two marr family regulators (ectr1 in methylobacteria and the ectr1-related regulator cosr ... | 2015 | 26170409 |
| the epitope analysis of an antibody specifically against vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa by phage library study. | to prevent epidemic and pandemic cholera disease, an indispensible approach is to develop cholera vaccines based on comprehensive epitope information of this pathogen. this study aimed to utilize our previously raised monoclonal antibody ixiao3g6, which can recognize an epitope in lipopolysaccharide (lps) sites of ogawa, to identify mimetic peptides, which may represent ogawa lps's epitope information. a phage display library screening using ixiao3g6 antibody resulted in identification of a mimi ... | 2015 | 26172085 |
| vibrio cholerae phosphatases required for the utilization of nucleotides and extracellular dna as phosphate sources. | phosphate is essential for life, being used in many core processes such as signal transduction and synthesis of nucleic acids. the waterborne agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae, encounters phosphate limitation in both the aquatic environment and human intestinal tract. this bacterium can utilize extracellular dna (edna) as a phosphate source, a phenotype dependent on secreted endo- and exonucleases. however, no transporter of nucleotides has been identified in v. cholerae, suggesting that in orde ... | 2016 | 26175126 |
| in silico structural and functional annotation of hypothetical proteins of vibrio cholerae o139. | in developing countries threat of cholera is a significant health concern whenever water purification and sewage disposal systems are inadequate. vibrio cholerae is one of the responsible bacteria involved in cholera disease. the complete genome sequence of v. cholerae deciphers the presence of various genes and hypothetical proteins whose function are not yet understood. hence analyzing and annotating the structure and function of hypothetical proteins is important for understanding the v. chol ... | 2015 | 26175663 |
| role of phytoplankton in maintaining endemicity and seasonality of cholera in bangladesh. | in bangladesh, cholera is endemic and maintains a regular seasonal pattern. the role of phytoplankton in maintaining endemicity and seasonality of cholera was monitored in matlab, bangladesh. | 2015 | 26179653 |
| septicemia due to vibrio cholerae serogroup non-o1/non-o139 strain in a cirrhotic patient. | we describe a case of non-o1/ non-o139 vibrio cholerae septicemia in a 65-year-old male patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. he was admitted due to septic shock from non-o1/ non-o139 v. cholerae. an intravenous empiric antibiotic, ceftriaxone sodium hydrate, was administered together with amikacin sulfate, gamma globulin and dopamine. he was discharged feeling well 17 days after admission. poor host defense mechanisms as seen in cirrhotic patients seem to be a determinant for systemic infecti ... | 2012 | 26181318 |
| [maldi-tof ms analysis for yersinia pestis, vibrio cholera, and francisella tularensis identification]. | numerous studies showed that a new technology for the clinical microbiology laboratories, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization--time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms), allows fast, accurate, and effective identification of most clinically relevant microorganisms to be implemented. in the present review, we discuss applications of this approach for identification and typing of extremely dangerous pathogens--yersinia pestis, vibrio cholera, and francisella tularensis, including the ... | 2015 | 26182660 |
| [multilocus sequence-typing of vibrio cholerae strains with various epidemic importance]. | the allele polymorphism of the housekeeping genes (dnae, lap, reca, pgm, gyrb, cat, chi, gmd) from the vibrio cholerae strains with different epidemic importance (n = 41) isolated in siberia and at the far east during the cholera pandemic vii was tested. all toxigenic strains isolated at the period of epidemic complications irrespective of time and source of isolation were characterized by the identical allele profile and belonged to the same sequence-type. nine sequence types were detected in n ... | 2015 | 26182664 |
| cholera: environmental reservoirs and impact on disease transmission. | vibrio cholerae is widely known to be the etiological agent of the life-threatening diarrheal disease cholera. cholera remains a major scourge in many developing countries, infecting hundreds of thousands every year. remarkably, v. cholerae is a natural inhabitant of brackish riverine, estuarine, and coastal waters, and only a subset of strains are known to be pathogenic to humans. recent studies have begun to uncover a very complex network of relationships between v. cholerae and other sea dwel ... | 2013 | 26184966 |
| genetics of natural competence in vibrio cholerae and other vibrios. | many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can become naturally competent to take up extracellular dna from the environment via a dedicated uptake apparatus. the genetic material that is acquired can (i) be used for nutrients, (ii) aid in genome repair, and (iii) promote horizontal gene transfer when incorporated onto the genome by homologous recombination, the process of "transformation." recent studies have identified multiple environmental cues sufficient to induce natural transformation i ... | 2015 | 26185067 |
| the roles of inflammation, nutrient availability and the commensal microbiota in enteric pathogen infection. | the healthy human intestine is colonized by as many as 1014 bacteria belonging to more than 500 different species forming a microbial ecosystem of unsurpassed diversity, termed the microbiota. the microbiota's various bacterial members engage in a physiological network of cooperation and competition within several layers of complexity. within the last 10 years, technological progress in the field of next-generation sequencing technologies has tremendously advanced our understanding of the wide v ... | 2015 | 26185088 |
| regulation of biofilm formation and cellular buoyancy through modulating intracellular cyclic di-gmp levels in engineered cyanobacteria. | the second messenger cyclic dimeric (3'→5') gmp (cyclic di-gmp or c-di-gmp) has been implicated in the transition between motile and sessile lifestyles in bacteria. in this study, we demonstrate that biofilm formation, cellular aggregation or flocculation, and cellular buoyancy are under the control of c-di-gmp in synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 (synechocystis) and fremyella diplosiphon. synechocystis is a unicellular cyanobacterium and displays lower levels of c-di-gmp; f. diplosiphon is filamentous ... | 2016 | 26192200 |
| investigation into flhfg reveals distinct features of flhf in regulating flagellum polarity in shewanella oneidensis. | rod-shaped bacterial cells are polarized, with many organelles confined to a polar cellular site. in polar flagellates, flhf and flhg, a multiple-domain (b-n-g) gtpase and a mind-like atpase respectively, function as a cognate pair to regulate flagellar localization and number as revealed in vibrio and pseudomonas species. in this study, we show that flhfg of shewanella oneidensis (soflhfg), a monotrichous γ-proteobacterium renowned for respiratory diversity, also play an important role in the f ... | 2015 | 26194016 |
| chimeric adaptor proteins translocate diverse type vi secretion system effectors in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a diverse species of gram-negative bacteria, commonly found in the aquatic environment and the causative agent of the potentially deadly disease cholera. these bacteria employ a type vi secretion system (t6ss) when they encounter prokaryotic and eukaryotic competitors. this contractile puncturing device translocates a set of effector proteins into neighboring cells. translocated effectors are toxic unless the targeted cell produces immunity proteins that bind and deactivate in ... | 2015 | 26194724 |
| dual zinc transporter systems in vibrio cholerae promote competitive advantages over gut microbiome. | zinc is an essential trace metal required for numerous cellular processes in all forms of life. in order to maintain zinc homeostasis, bacteria have developed several transport systems to regulate its uptake. in this study, we investigated zinc transport systems in the enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. bioinformatic analysis predicts that two gene clusters, vc2081 to vc2083 (annotated as zinc utilization genes znuabc) and vc2551 to vc2555 (annotated as zinc-regula ... | 2015 | 26195552 |
| nucleoside uptake in vibrio cholerae and its role in the transition fitness from host to environment. | as it became evident recently, extracellular dna could be a versatile nutrient source of the facultative pathogen vibrio cholerae along the different stages of its life cycle. by the use of two extracellular nucleases and periplasmic phosphatases, v. cholerae degrades extracellular dna to nucleosides. in this study, we investigated the nucleoside uptake via identification and characterization of vca0179, vc1953 and vc2352 representing the three nucleoside transport systems in v. cholerae. based ... | 2016 | 26202476 |
| fitness cost of antibiotic susceptibility during bacterial infection. | advances in high-throughput dna sequencing allow for a comprehensive analysis of bacterial genes that contribute to virulence in a specific infectious setting. such information can yield new insights that affect decisions on how to best manage major public health issues such as the threat posed by increasing antimicrobial drug resistance. much of the focus has been on the consequences of the selective advantage conferred on drug-resistant strains during antibiotic therapy. it is thought that the ... | 2015 | 26203082 |
| a novel method to combat the cholera epidemic among the romanian army during the balkan war - 1913. | the history of cholera, a specific infection caused by vibrio cholerae, starts in ancient times. the sixth pandemic that began in 1899 and lasted until 1923, started in india and came to eastern europe through russia. the expansion of the epidemic in the balkans was facilitated both by the 2 balkan wars and the first world war. romania, as a participant in these wars was affected by cholera, which was especially common among the army during the balkan war. if the original source of the cholera i ... | 2015 | 26203545 |
| [blood groups - minuses and pluses. do the blood group antigens protect us from infectious diseases?]. | human blood can be divided into groups, which is a method of blood classification based on the presence or absence of inherited erythrocyte surface antigens that can elicit immune response. according to the international society of blood transfusion, there are 341 blood group antigens collected in 35 blood group systems. these antigens can be proteins, glycoproteins or glycosphingolipids, and function as transmembrane transporters, ion channels, adhesion molecules or receptors for other proteins ... | 2015 | 26206987 |
| natural competence in vibrio cholerae is controlled by a nucleoside scavenging response that requires cytr-dependent anti-activation. | 2015 | 26213894 | |
| molecular dissection of the essential features of the origin of replication of the second vibrio cholerae chromosome. | vibrionaceae family members are interesting models for studying dna replication initiation, as they contain two circular chromosomes. chromosome ii (chrii) replication is governed by two evolutionarily unique yet highly conserved elements, the origin dna sequence oricii and the initiator protein rctb. the minimum functional region of oricii, oricii-min, contains multiple elements that are bound by rctb in vitro, but little is known about the specific requirements for individual elements during o ... | 2015 | 26220967 |
| outer membrane vesicle-mediated export of processed prtv protease from vibrio cholerae. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) are known to release from almost all gram-negative bacteria during normal growth. omvs carry different biologically active toxins and enzymes into the surrounding environment. we suggest that omvs may therefore be able to transport bacterial proteases into the target host cells. we present here an analysis of the vibrio cholerae omv-associated protease prtv. | 2015 | 26222047 |
| actin-directed toxin. acd toxin-produced actin oligomers poison formin-controlled actin polymerization. | the actin cross-linking domain (acd) is an actin-specific toxin produced by several pathogens, including life-threatening spp. of vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, and aeromonas hydrophila. actin cross-linking by acd is thought to lead to slow cytoskeleton failure owing to a gradual sequestration of actin in the form of nonfunctional oligomers. here, we found that acd converted cytoplasmic actin into highly toxic oligomers that potently "poisoned" the ability of major actin assembly proteins, ... | 2015 | 26228148 |
| [epidemiological surveillance of cholera in russia during the period of the seventh pandemic]. | in this work basic stages of formation of the epidemiological surveillance of cholera in russia are described. in 1990-s for the first time zoning by epidemic manifestations of cholera was carried out at the level of subjects forming parts of russia and other republics of the soviet union with the introduction of differential tactics of epidemiological surveillance. improvement of epidemiological surveillance of cholera was aimed at harmonization with the ihr (2005), integration of epidemiologic ... | 2015 | 26234099 |
| the role of flhf and hubp as polar landmark proteins in shewanella putrefaciens cn-32. | spatiotemporal regulation of cell polarity plays a role in many fundamental processes in bacteria and often relies on 'landmark' proteins which recruit the corresponding clients to their designated position. here, we explored the localization of two multi-protein complexes, the polar flagellar motor and the chemotaxis array, in shewanella putrefaciens cn-32. we demonstrate that polar positioning of the flagellar system, but not of the chemotaxis system, depends on the gtpase flhf. in contrast, t ... | 2015 | 26235439 |
| physicochemical constraints of elevated ph affect efficient membrane interaction and arrest an abortive membrane-bound oligomeric intermediate of the beta-barrel pore-forming toxin vibrio cholerae cytolysin. | vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) is a potent membrane-damaging cytotoxic protein. vcc causes permeabilization of the target cell membranes by forming transmembrane oligomeric beta-barrel pores. membrane pore formation by vcc involves following key steps: (i) membrane binding, (ii) formation of a pre-pore oligomeric intermediate, (iii) membrane insertion of the pore-forming motifs, and (iv) formation of the functional transmembrane pore. membrane binding, oligomerization, and subsequent pore-forma ... | 2015 | 26235489 |
| highly diverse recombining populations of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus in french mediterranean coastal lagoons. | vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae are ubiquitous to estuarine and marine environments. these two species found in mediterranean coastal systems can induce infections in humans. environmental isolates of v. cholerae (n = 109) and v. parahaemolyticus (n = 89) sampled at different dates, stations and water salinities were investigated for virulence genes and by a multilocus sequence-based analysis (mlsa). v. cholerae isolates were all ctxa negative and only one isolate of v. parahaemolyti ... | 2015 | 26236294 |
| infant rabbit model for diarrheal diseases. | vibrio cholerae is the agent of cholera, a potentially lethal diarrheal disease that remains a significant threat to populations in developing nations. the infant rabbit model of cholera is the only non-surgical small animal model system that closely mimics human cholera. following orogastric inoculation, v. cholerae colonizes the intestines of infant rabbits, and the animals develop severe cholera-like diarrhea. in this unit, we provide a detailed description of the preparation of the v. choler ... | 2015 | 26237109 |
| a globally distributed mobile genetic element inhibits natural transformation of vibrio cholerae. | natural transformation is one mechanism of horizontal gene transfer (hgt) in vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. recently, it was found that v. cholerae isolates from the haiti outbreak were poorly transformed by this mechanism. here, we show that an integrating conjugative element (ice)-encoded dnase, which we name idea, is necessary and sufficient for inhibiting natural transformation of haiti outbreak strains. we demonstrate that idea inhibits this mechanism of hgt in cis via dna ... | 2015 | 26240317 |
| in situ proteolysis of the vibrio cholerae matrix protein rbma promotes biofilm recruitment. | the estuarine gram-negative rod and human diarrheal pathogen vibrio cholerae synthesizes a vps exopolysaccharide-dependent biofilm matrix that allows it to form a 3d structure on surfaces. proteins associated with the matrix include, rbma, rbmc, and bap1. rbma, a protein whose crystallographic structure suggests two binding surfaces, associates with cells by means of a vps-dependent mechanism and promotes biofilm cohesiveness and recruitment of cells to the biofilm. here, we show that rbma under ... | 2015 | 26240338 |
| vibrio cholerae csra regulates toxr levels in response to amino acids and is essential for virulence. | toxr is a major virulence gene regulator in vibrio cholerae. although constitutively expressed under many laboratory conditions, our previous work demonstrated that the level of toxr increases significantly when cells are grown in the presence of the 4 amino acids asparagine, arginine, glutamate, and serine (nres). we show here that the increase in toxr production in response to nres requires the var/csr global regulatory circuit. the vars/vara two-component system controls the amount of active ... | 2015 | 26242626 |
| the hybrid pre-ctxφ-rs1 prophage genome and its regulatory function in environmental vibrio cholerae o1 strains. | the cholera toxin genes of vibrio cholerae are encoded by ctxφ, a lysogenic bacteriophage. infection with this phage plays a determinant role in toxigenicity conversion and the emergence of new clones of pathogenic v. cholerae. multiple phage alleles, defined by sequence types of the repressor gene rstr, have been found, showing the divergence of phage genomes. pre-ctxφ, which is characterized by the absence of toxin genes, is predicted to be the precursor of ctxφ. we have found a new pre-ctxφ p ... | 2015 | 26253680 |
| crystal structure and activity of protein l-isoaspartyl-o-methyltransferase from vibrio cholerae, and the effect of adohcy binding. | the repair enzyme protein l-isoaspartyl-o-methyltransferase (pimt) is widely distributed in various organisms. pimt catalyzes s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) dependent methylation of abnormal l-isoaspartyl residues, formed by the deamidation of asparagines and isomerization of aspartates. we report the crystal structure of pimt of vibrio cholerae (vcpimt), the aetiological agent for cholera, complexed with the demethylated cofactor s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (adohcy) to 2.05 å resolution. a stretch ... | 2015 | 26255776 |
| trends in the genomic epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated worldwide since 1961. | here we describe the international scenario of vibrio cholerae with a comparative analysis of different aspects of typing. representative v. cholerae strains (n=108) associated with endemic cholera regions from 29 states of india and worldwide were subjected to microbiological, molecular and phylogenetic study. all of the strains were v. cholerae serogroup o1 biotype el tor and were typed according to both the new phage (np) type and basu & mukherjee (bm) typing schemes. the predominant phage ty ... | 2015 | 26255896 |
| rare strain of vibrio cholerae septicemia in a patient with multiple myeloma. | introduction. non-o1/non-o139 is a rare strain of vibrio cholera that has been documented to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the immunosuppressed population. case presentation. a patient with multiple myeloma develops non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholera septicemia, leading to multiorgan failure and ultimately death. discussion. an exceedingly rare strain of vibrio cholera, non-o1/non-o139, may be an important factor of morbidity and mortality in certain immunosuppressed populations, such ... | 2015 | 26257967 |
| [isolation of antibiotics resistance genes in vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 serogroup strains]. | determination of sensitivity of v. cholerae o1 serogroup el tor biovar and o139 serogroup strains to antibiotics and determination of the presence of antibiotics resistance genes in their genome. | 2015 | 26259263 |
| [evaluation of functional features and stress resistance of isogenic toxigenic and non-toxigenic biovar el tor vibrio cholerae strains]. | comparative evaluation of functional features of toxigenic biovar el tor vibrio cholerae strains and their spontaneous non-toxigenic mutants and study of their resistance to saline and oxidative stress. | 2015 | 26259264 |
| statistical mechanics of zooplankton. | statistical mechanics provides the link between microscopic properties of many-particle systems and macroscopic properties such as pressure and temperature. observations of similar "microscopic" quantities exist for the motion of zooplankton, as well as many species of other social animals. herein, we propose to take average squared velocities as the definition of the "ecological temperature" of a population under different conditions on nutrients, light, oxygen and others. we test the usefulnes ... | 2015 | 26270537 |
| efficacy of ciprofloxacin for treatment of cholera associated with diminished susceptibility to ciprofloxacin to vibrio cholerae o1. | we identified a poor clinical response to treatment of cholera with a single 1 g dose of ciprofloxacin, a standard treatment for cholera. | 2015 | 26271050 |
| functional relbe-family toxin-antitoxin pairs affect biofilm maturation and intestine colonization in vibrio cholerae. | toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are small genetic elements that typically encode a stable toxin and its labile antitoxin. these cognate pairs are abundant in prokaryotes and have been shown to regulate various cellular functions. vibrio cholerae, a human pathogen that is the causative agent of cholera, harbors at least thirteen ta loci. while functional higba, parde have been shown to stabilize plasmids and phd/doc to mediate cell death in v. cholerae, the function of seven relbe-family ta systems ... | 2015 | 26275048 |