| [isolation of antibiotics resistance genes in vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 serogroup strains]. | determination of sensitivity of v. cholerae o1 serogroup el tor biovar and o139 serogroup strains to antibiotics and determination of the presence of antibiotics resistance genes in their genome. | 2015 | 26259263 |
| rare strain of vibrio cholerae septicemia in a patient with multiple myeloma. | introduction. non-o1/non-o139 is a rare strain of vibrio cholera that has been documented to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the immunosuppressed population. case presentation. a patient with multiple myeloma develops non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholera septicemia, leading to multiorgan failure and ultimately death. discussion. an exceedingly rare strain of vibrio cholera, non-o1/non-o139, may be an important factor of morbidity and mortality in certain immunosuppressed populations, such ... | 2015 | 26257967 |
| trends in the genomic epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated worldwide since 1961. | here we describe the international scenario of vibrio cholerae with a comparative analysis of different aspects of typing. representative v. cholerae strains (n=108) associated with endemic cholera regions from 29 states of india and worldwide were subjected to microbiological, molecular and phylogenetic study. all of the strains were v. cholerae serogroup o1 biotype el tor and were typed according to both the new phage (np) type and basu & mukherjee (bm) typing schemes. the predominant phage ty ... | 2015 | 26255896 |
| the hybrid pre-ctxφ-rs1 prophage genome and its regulatory function in environmental vibrio cholerae o1 strains. | the cholera toxin genes of vibrio cholerae are encoded by ctxφ, a lysogenic bacteriophage. infection with this phage plays a determinant role in toxigenicity conversion and the emergence of new clones of pathogenic v. cholerae. multiple phage alleles, defined by sequence types of the repressor gene rstr, have been found, showing the divergence of phage genomes. pre-ctxφ, which is characterized by the absence of toxin genes, is predicted to be the precursor of ctxφ. we have found a new pre-ctxφ p ... | 2015 | 26253680 |
| a globally distributed mobile genetic element inhibits natural transformation of vibrio cholerae. | natural transformation is one mechanism of horizontal gene transfer (hgt) in vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. recently, it was found that v. cholerae isolates from the haiti outbreak were poorly transformed by this mechanism. here, we show that an integrating conjugative element (ice)-encoded dnase, which we name idea, is necessary and sufficient for inhibiting natural transformation of haiti outbreak strains. we demonstrate that idea inhibits this mechanism of hgt in cis via dna ... | 2015 | 26240317 |
| infant rabbit model for diarrheal diseases. | vibrio cholerae is the agent of cholera, a potentially lethal diarrheal disease that remains a significant threat to populations in developing nations. the infant rabbit model of cholera is the only non-surgical small animal model system that closely mimics human cholera. following orogastric inoculation, v. cholerae colonizes the intestines of infant rabbits, and the animals develop severe cholera-like diarrhea. in this unit, we provide a detailed description of the preparation of the v. choler ... | 2015 | 26237109 |
| highly diverse recombining populations of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus in french mediterranean coastal lagoons. | vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae are ubiquitous to estuarine and marine environments. these two species found in mediterranean coastal systems can induce infections in humans. environmental isolates of v. cholerae (n = 109) and v. parahaemolyticus (n = 89) sampled at different dates, stations and water salinities were investigated for virulence genes and by a multilocus sequence-based analysis (mlsa). v. cholerae isolates were all ctxa negative and only one isolate of v. parahaemolyti ... | 2015 | 26236294 |
| physicochemical constraints of elevated ph affect efficient membrane interaction and arrest an abortive membrane-bound oligomeric intermediate of the beta-barrel pore-forming toxin vibrio cholerae cytolysin. | vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) is a potent membrane-damaging cytotoxic protein. vcc causes permeabilization of the target cell membranes by forming transmembrane oligomeric beta-barrel pores. membrane pore formation by vcc involves following key steps: (i) membrane binding, (ii) formation of a pre-pore oligomeric intermediate, (iii) membrane insertion of the pore-forming motifs, and (iv) formation of the functional transmembrane pore. membrane binding, oligomerization, and subsequent pore-forma ... | 2015 | 26235489 |
| [epidemiological surveillance of cholera in russia during the period of the seventh pandemic]. | in this work basic stages of formation of the epidemiological surveillance of cholera in russia are described. in 1990-s for the first time zoning by epidemic manifestations of cholera was carried out at the level of subjects forming parts of russia and other republics of the soviet union with the introduction of differential tactics of epidemiological surveillance. improvement of epidemiological surveillance of cholera was aimed at harmonization with the ihr (2005), integration of epidemiologic ... | 2015 | 26234099 |
| outer membrane vesicle-mediated export of processed prtv protease from vibrio cholerae. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) are known to release from almost all gram-negative bacteria during normal growth. omvs carry different biologically active toxins and enzymes into the surrounding environment. we suggest that omvs may therefore be able to transport bacterial proteases into the target host cells. we present here an analysis of the vibrio cholerae omv-associated protease prtv. | 2015 | 26222047 |
| natural competence in vibrio cholerae is controlled by a nucleoside scavenging response that requires cytr-dependent anti-activation. | | 2015 | 26213894 |
| a novel method to combat the cholera epidemic among the romanian army during the balkan war - 1913. | the history of cholera, a specific infection caused by vibrio cholerae, starts in ancient times. the sixth pandemic that began in 1899 and lasted until 1923, started in india and came to eastern europe through russia. the expansion of the epidemic in the balkans was facilitated both by the 2 balkan wars and the first world war. romania, as a participant in these wars was affected by cholera, which was especially common among the army during the balkan war. if the original source of the cholera i ... | 2015 | 26203545 |
| nucleoside uptake in vibrio cholerae and its role in the transition fitness from host to environment. | as it became evident recently, extracellular dna could be a versatile nutrient source of the facultative pathogen vibrio cholerae along the different stages of its life cycle. by the use of two extracellular nucleases and periplasmic phosphatases, v. cholerae degrades extracellular dna to nucleosides. in this study, we investigated the nucleoside uptake via identification and characterization of vca0179, vc1953 and vc2352 representing the three nucleoside transport systems in v. cholerae. based ... | 2016 | 26202476 |
| dual zinc transporter systems in vibrio cholerae promote competitive advantages over gut microbiome. | zinc is an essential trace metal required for numerous cellular processes in all forms of life. in order to maintain zinc homeostasis, bacteria have developed several transport systems to regulate its uptake. in this study, we investigated zinc transport systems in the enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. bioinformatic analysis predicts that two gene clusters, vc2081 to vc2083 (annotated as zinc utilization genes znuabc) and vc2551 to vc2555 (annotated as zinc-regula ... | 2015 | 26195552 |
| investigation into flhfg reveals distinct features of flhf in regulating flagellum polarity in shewanella oneidensis. | rod-shaped bacterial cells are polarized, with many organelles confined to a polar cellular site. in polar flagellates, flhf and flhg, a multiple-domain (b-n-g) gtpase and a mind-like atpase respectively, function as a cognate pair to regulate flagellar localization and number as revealed in vibrio and pseudomonas species. in this study, we show that flhfg of shewanella oneidensis (soflhfg), a monotrichous γ-proteobacterium renowned for respiratory diversity, also play an important role in the f ... | 2015 | 26194016 |
| genetics of natural competence in vibrio cholerae and other vibrios. | many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can become naturally competent to take up extracellular dna from the environment via a dedicated uptake apparatus. the genetic material that is acquired can (i) be used for nutrients, (ii) aid in genome repair, and (iii) promote horizontal gene transfer when incorporated onto the genome by homologous recombination, the process of "transformation." recent studies have identified multiple environmental cues sufficient to induce natural transformation i ... | 2015 | 26185067 |
| [multilocus sequence-typing of vibrio cholerae strains with various epidemic importance]. | the allele polymorphism of the housekeeping genes (dnae, lap, reca, pgm, gyrb, cat, chi, gmd) from the vibrio cholerae strains with different epidemic importance (n = 41) isolated in siberia and at the far east during the cholera pandemic vii was tested. all toxigenic strains isolated at the period of epidemic complications irrespective of time and source of isolation were characterized by the identical allele profile and belonged to the same sequence-type. nine sequence types were detected in n ... | 2015 | 26182664 |
| role of phytoplankton in maintaining endemicity and seasonality of cholera in bangladesh. | in bangladesh, cholera is endemic and maintains a regular seasonal pattern. the role of phytoplankton in maintaining endemicity and seasonality of cholera was monitored in matlab, bangladesh. | 2015 | 26179653 |
| in silico structural and functional annotation of hypothetical proteins of vibrio cholerae o139. | in developing countries threat of cholera is a significant health concern whenever water purification and sewage disposal systems are inadequate. vibrio cholerae is one of the responsible bacteria involved in cholera disease. the complete genome sequence of v. cholerae deciphers the presence of various genes and hypothetical proteins whose function are not yet understood. hence analyzing and annotating the structure and function of hypothetical proteins is important for understanding the v. chol ... | 2015 | 26175663 |
| vibrio cholerae phosphatases required for the utilization of nucleotides and extracellular dna as phosphate sources. | phosphate is essential for life, being used in many core processes such as signal transduction and synthesis of nucleic acids. the waterborne agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae, encounters phosphate limitation in both the aquatic environment and human intestinal tract. this bacterium can utilize extracellular dna (edna) as a phosphate source, a phenotype dependent on secreted endo- and exonucleases. however, no transporter of nucleotides has been identified in v. cholerae, suggesting that in orde ... | 2016 | 26175126 |
| the epitope analysis of an antibody specifically against vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa by phage library study. | to prevent epidemic and pandemic cholera disease, an indispensible approach is to develop cholera vaccines based on comprehensive epitope information of this pathogen. this study aimed to utilize our previously raised monoclonal antibody ixiao3g6, which can recognize an epitope in lipopolysaccharide (lps) sites of ogawa, to identify mimetic peptides, which may represent ogawa lps's epitope information. a phage display library screening using ixiao3g6 antibody resulted in identification of a mimi ... | 2015 | 26172085 |
| glnr-mediated regulation of ectabcd transcription expands the role of the glnr regulon to osmotic stress management. | ectoine and hydroxyectoine are excellent compatible solutes for bacteria to deal with environmental osmotic stress and temperature damages. the biosynthesis cluster of ectoine and hydroxyectoine is widespread among microorganisms, and its expression is activated by high salinity and temperature changes. so far, little is known about the mechanism of the regulation of the transcription of ect genes and only two marr family regulators (ectr1 in methylobacteria and the ectr1-related regulator cosr ... | 2015 | 26170409 |
| diarrhoea and smoking: an analysis of decades of observational data from bangladesh. | although cigarette smoking affects all biological systems of the human body including the gastrointestinal tract, there is a lack of evidence regarding its effect on the severity of diarrhoeal disease and whether a dose-response relationship exists. we therefore tested for the presence of specific causative pathogens for infectious diarrhoea, assessed the independent effect of smoking on its severity and tested whether any dose-response relationship existed while controlling for subjects' age, s ... | 2015 | 26164796 |
| optimized quinoline amino alcohols as disruptors and dispersal agents of vibrio cholerae biofilms. | the biofilm state is an integral part of the lifecycle of many bacterial pathogens. identifying inhibitors as molecular probes against bacterial biofilms has numerous potential biomedical applications. here we report quinoline amino alcohol as a highly potent disruptor of v. cholerae biofilms. additionally, was able to disperse preformed biofilms, an activity exhibited by few compounds with biofilm inhibiting activity. | 2015 | 26156292 |
| a cholera conjugate vaccine containing o-specific polysaccharide (osp) of v. cholerae o1 inaba and recombinant fragment of tetanus toxin heavy chain (osp:rtthc) induces serum, memory and lamina proprial responses against osp and is protective in mice. | vibrio cholerae is the cause of cholera, a severe watery diarrhea. protection against cholera is serogroup specific. serogroup specificity is defined by the o-specific polysaccharide (osp) component of lipopolysaccharide (lps). | 2015 | 26154421 |
| protein profiles in mucosal and systemic compartments in response to vibrio cholerae in a mouse pulmonary infection model. | we have recently shown that a mouse lung infection model resulting in acute pneumonia could be used for evaluating the protective immunity induced by mucosal vaccines against vibrio cholerae. in order to gain insight and better understanding of the pathogenicity of v. cholerae infection, we identified and compared proteins induced by v. cholerae in nasal washes, bronchoalveolar lavages (bal), and sera. intranasal administration of v. cholerae increased the concentration of total proteins in nasa ... | 2015 | 26150210 |
| vibrio cholerae pathogen from the freshwater-cultured whiteleg shrimp penaeus vannamei and control with bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. | vibriosis has become a major global economic problem in freshwater-farmed whiteleg shrimp (penaeus vannamei). the prevention and control of vibriosis are now priority research topics. in this study, a pathogenic strain (qh) was isolated from vibriosis-infected freshwater-farmed p. vannamei that resulted in leg yellowing and was identified as a vibrio cholerae isolate through phylogenetic analysis and the api 32gn system. a phylogenetic tree that was constructed using the neighbor-joining method ... | 2015 | 26146226 |
| the structure of na⁺-translocating of nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase of vibrio cholerae: implications on coupling between electron transfer and na⁺ transport. | the na⁺-translocating nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (na⁺-nqr) of vibrio cholerae is a respiratory complex that couples the exergonic oxidation of nadh to the transport of na⁺ across the cytoplasmic membrane. it is composed of six different subunits, nqra, nqrb, nqrc, nqrd, nqre, and nqrf, which harbor fad, fmn, riboflavin, quinone, and two fes centers as redox co-factors. we recently determined the x-ray structure of the entire na⁺-nqr complex at 3.5-å resolution and complemented the analysis b ... | 2015 | 26146127 |
| evaluation of a field appropriate membrane filtration method for the detection of vibrio cholerae for the measurement of biosand filter performance in the artibonite valley, haiti. | biosand filters in the artibonite valley of haiti, the epicenter of the cholera epidemic that began in october 2010, were tested for total coliform and vibrio cholerae removal efficiencies. while coliform are often used as an indicator organism for pathogenic bacteria, a correlation has never been established linking the concentration of coliform and v. cholerae, the causative agent for cholera. hence, a method for field enumeration of v. cholerae was developed and tested. to this end, a plate c ... | 2015 | 26135641 |
| erratum to: atp-association to intrabacterial nanotransportation system in vibrio cholerae. | | 2015 | 26134077 |
| international collaborative research on infectious diseases by japanese universities and institutes in asia and africa, with a special emphasis on j-grid. | in developed countries including japan, malignant tumor (cancer), heart disease and cerebral apoplexy are major causes of death, but infectious diseases are still responsible for a high number of deaths in developing countries, especially among children aged less than 5 years. world health statistics published by who reports a high percentage of mortality from infectious diseases in children, and many of these diseases may be subject to transmission across borders and could possibly invade japan ... | 2015 | 26133505 |
| relationship between distinct african cholera epidemics revealed via mlva haplotyping of 337 vibrio cholerae isolates. | since cholera appeared in africa during the 1970s, cases have been reported on the continent every year. in sub-saharan africa, cholera outbreaks primarily cluster at certain hotspots including the african great lakes region and west africa. | 2015 | 26110870 |
| rna-seq analysis and whole genome dna-binding profile of the vibrio cholerae histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (h-ns). | the data described in this article pertain to the genome-wide transcription profiling of a vibrio cholerae mutant lacking the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (h-ns) and the mapping of the h-ns chromosome binding sites [1, 2]. h-ns is a nucleoid-associated protein with two interrelated functions: organization of the bacterial nucleoid and transcriptional silencing [3]. both functions require dna binding and protein oligomerization [4, 5]. h-ns commonly silences the expression of virulen ... | 2015 | 26097806 |
| vibrio cholerae porin ompu mediates m1-polarization of macrophages/monocytes via tlr1/tlr2 activation. | polarization of the monocytes and macrophages toward the m1 and m2 states is important for hosts' defense against the pathogens. moreover, it plays a crucial role to resolve the overwhelming inflammatory responses that can be harmful to the host. polarization of macrophages/monocytes can be induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). pamp-mediated monocyte/macrophage polarization is important during the infection, as pathogen can suppress host immune system by altering the polariz ... | 2015 | 26093918 |
| [antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of vibrio cholera strains isolated from an outbreak of cholera epidemic in jiangsu province]. | to assess the antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of cholera strains and to provide basis for clinical treatment and prevention of cholera. | 2015 | 26081396 |
| [development of a rapid molecular typing method for vibrio cholerae using melting curve-based multilocus melt typing]. | to develop a high-throughput rapid method for vibrio (v.) cholerae molecular typing based on melting curve-based multilocus melt typing (mcmlmt). | 2015 | 26081395 |
| [analysis of twin-arginine translocation system gene homology and transcription in vibrio species]. | to determine the function of twin-arginine translocation system (tat) and gene cluster in vibrio strains and to analyze the homology of tat gene cluster among different vibrio spp. strains based on n16961 and tatabc mutant strains n169-dtat. | 2015 | 26081394 |
| characterization of 3 megabase-sized circular replicons from vibrio cholerae. | | 2015 | 26079534 |
| a randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating safety and immunogenicity of the killed, bivalent, whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in ethiopia. | killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (ocv) has been a key component of a comprehensive package including water and sanitation measures for recent cholera epidemics. the vaccine, given in a two-dose regimen, has been evaluated in a large number of human volunteers in india, vietnam, and bangladesh, where it has demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy. we conducted a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in ethiopia, where we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity ... | 2015 | 26078323 |
| tlr2, but not tlr4, plays a predominant role in the immune responses to cholera vaccines. | vibrio cholerae can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration leading to high mortality and morbidity. current cholera vaccines are formulated with kvc. although the innate immune responses following vaccination deeply influence the induction of adaptive immunity, the initial recognition of cholera vaccines by the host innate immune system is not well characterized. in this study, the ability of kvc to induce innate immune responses was investigated. unlike typical gram-negative bacteria stimulating ... | 2015 | 26078314 |
| correction: genomic location of the major ribosomal protein gene locus determines vibrio cholerae global growth and infectivity. | | 2015 | 26076373 |
| the effect of solar irradiated vibrio cholerae on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the jaws ii dendritic cell line in vitro. | the use of solar irradiation to sterilize water prior to its consumption has resulted in the reduction of water related illnesses in waterborne disease endemic communities worldwide. currently, research on solar water disinfection (sodis) has been directed towards understanding the underlying mechanisms through which solar irradiation inactivates the culturability of microorganisms in water, enhancement of the disinfection process, and the health impact of sodis water consumption. however, the i ... | 2015 | 26066787 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae isolated from clinical samples in kurdistan province, iran. | vibrio cholerae causes diarrhoeal disease that afflicts thousands of people annually. v. cholerae is classified on the basis of somatic antigens into serovars or serogroups and there are at least 200 known serogroup. two serogroups, o1 and o139 have been associated with epidemic diseases. virulence genes of these bacteria are ompw, ctxa and tcpa. | 2015 | 26060565 |
| revisiting the membrane interaction mechanism of a membrane-damaging β-barrel pore-forming toxin vibrio cholerae cytolysin. | vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) permeabilizes target cell membranes by forming transmembrane oligomeric β-barrel pores. vcc has been shown to associate with the target membranes via amphipathicity-driven spontaneous partitioning into the membrane environment. more specific interaction(s) of vcc with the membrane components have also been documented. in particular, specific binding of vcc with the membrane lipid components is believed to play a crucial role in determining the efficacy of the pore ... | 2015 | 26059432 |
| a genome-wide screen reveals that the vibrio cholerae phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system modulates virulence gene expression. | diverse environmental stimuli and a complex network of regulatory factors are known to modulate expression of vibrio cholerae's principal virulence factors. however, there is relatively little known about how metabolic factors impinge upon the pathogen's well-characterized cascade of transcription factors that induce expression of cholera toxin and the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp). here, we used a transposon insertion site (tis) sequencing-based strategy to identify new factors required for exp ... | 2015 | 26056384 |
| plasma leptin levels in children hospitalized with cholera in bangladesh. | vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, induces both innate and adaptive immune responses in infected humans. leptin is a hormone that plays a role in both metabolism and mediating immune responses. we characterized leptin levels in 11 children with cholera in bangladesh, assessing leptin levels on days 2, 7, 30, and 180 following cholera. we found that patients at the acute stage of cholera had significantly lower plasma leptin levels than matched controls, and compared with levels in late conva ... | 2015 | 26055740 |
| a global map of suitability for coastal vibrio cholerae under current and future climate conditions. | vibrio cholerae is a globally distributed water-borne pathogen that causes severe diarrheal disease and mortality, with current outbreaks as part of the seventh pandemic. further understanding of the role of environmental factors in potential pathogen distribution and corresponding v. cholerae disease transmission over time and space is urgently needed to target surveillance of cholera and other climate and water-sensitive diseases. we used an ecological niche model (enm) to identify environment ... | 2015 | 26048558 |
| oxalic acid capped iron oxide nanorods as a sensing platform. | a label free impedimetric immunosensor has been fabricated using protein bovine serum albumin (bsa) and monoclonal antibodies against vibrio cholerae (ab) functionalized oxalic acid (oa) capped iron oxide (fe3o4) nanorods for v. cholerae detection. the structural and morphological studies of fe3o4 and oa-fe3o4, were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission electron microscopy (tem), fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (dls) techniques. the av ... | 2015 | 26048074 |
| [the development of biochip to detect anti-cholera antibodies in human blood serum]. | the full-scaled agglutinating immunoassay is commonly applied to detect content of antibodies to cholera agent vibrio cholerae human in blood serum under application of serological diagnostic. the time of analysis implementation amounts to 18 hours. to shorten time of detection of antibodies a biological microchip (biochip) was developed. the biochip represents an activated slide with immobilized corpuscle and soluble antigen cholera agent (o-antigens, cholera toxin). the experimental work resul ... | 2015 | 26027261 |
| evidence for tlr4 and fcrγ-card9 activation by cholera toxin b subunit and its direct bindings to trem2 and lmir5 receptors. | cholera toxin (ctx) is a virulent factor of vibrio cholerae that causes life-threatening diarrheal disease. its non-toxic subunit ctb has been extensively studied for vaccine delivery. in immune cells, ctb induces a number of signaling molecules related to cellular activation and cytokine production. the mechanisms by which ctb exerts its immunological effects are not understood. we report here the immunological targets of ctb. the unexpected finding that gm1 ganglioside inhibited nf-κb activati ... | 2015 | 26021803 |
| the kinetic reaction mechanism of the vibrio cholerae sodium-dependent nadh dehydrogenase. | the sodium-dependent nadh dehydrogenase (na(+)-nqr) is the main ion transporter in vibrio cholerae. its activity is linked to the operation of the respiratory chain and is essential for the development of the pathogenic phenotype. previous studies have described different aspects of the enzyme, including the electron transfer pathways, sodium pumping structures, cofactor and subunit composition, among others. however, the mechanism of the enzyme remains to be completely elucidated. in this work, ... | 2015 | 26004776 |
| enumeration of viable non-culturable vibrio cholerae using propidium monoazide combined with quantitative pcr. | the well-known human pathogenic bacterium, vibrio cholerae, can enter a physiologically viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state under stress conditions. the differentiation of vbnc cells and nonviable cells is essential for both disease prevention and basic research. among all the methods for detecting viability, propidium monoazide (pma) combined with real-time pcr is popular because of its specificity, sensitivity, and speed. however, the effect of pma treatment is not consistent and varies amo ... | 2015 | 26001818 |
| vibrio cholerae response regulator vxrb controls colonization and regulates the type vi secretion system. | two-component signal transduction systems (tcs) are used by bacteria to sense and respond to their environment. tcs are typically composed of a sensor histidine kinase (hk) and a response regulator (rr). the vibrio cholerae genome encodes 52 rr, but the role of these rrs in v. cholerae pathogenesis is largely unknown. to identify rrs that control v. cholerae colonization, in-frame deletions of each rr were generated and the resulting mutants analyzed using an infant mouse intestine colonization ... | 2015 | 26000450 |
| regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the virulence activator tcpp in vibrio cholerae is initiated by the tail-specific protease (tsp). | vibrio cholerae uses a multiprotein transcriptional regulatory cascade to control expression of virulence factors cholera toxin and toxin-co-regulated pilus. two proteins in this cascade are toxr and tcpp - unusual membrane-localized transcription factors with relatively undefined periplasmic domains and transcription activator cytoplasmic domains. tcpp and toxr function with each other and two other membrane-localized proteins, tcph and toxs, to activate transcription of toxt, encoding the dire ... | 2015 | 25999037 |
| intestinal colonization dynamics of vibrio cholerae. | to cause the diarrheal disease cholera, vibrio cholerae must effectively colonize the small intestine. in order to do so, the bacterium needs to successfully travel through the stomach and withstand the presence of agents such as bile and antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal lumen and mucus. the bacterial cells penetrate the viscous mucus layer covering the epithelium and attach and proliferate on its surface. in this review, we discuss recent developments and known aspects of the early stag ... | 2015 | 25996593 |
| ctxφ replication depends on the histone-like hu protein and the uvrd helicase. | the vibrio cholerae bacterium is the agent of cholera. the capacity to produce the cholera toxin, which is responsible for the deadly diarrhea associated with cholera epidemics, is encoded in the genome of a filamentous phage, ctxφ. rolling-circle replication (rcr) is central to the life cycle of ctxφ because amplification of the phage genome permits its efficient integration into the genome and its packaging into new viral particles. a single phage-encoded huh endonuclease initiates rcr of the ... | 2015 | 25992634 |
| rpos and quorum sensing control expression and polar localization of vibrio cholerae chemotaxis cluster iii proteins in vitro and in vivo. | the diarrheal pathogen vibrio cholerae contains three gene clusters that encode chemotaxis-related proteins, but only cluster ii appears to be required for chemotaxis. here, we present the first characterization of v. cholerae's 'cluster iii' chemotaxis system. we found that cluster iii proteins assemble into foci at bacterial poles, like those formed by cluster ii proteins, but the two systems assemble independently and do not colocalize. cluster iii proteins are expressed in vitro during stati ... | 2015 | 25989366 |
| integrating small molecule signalling and h-ns antagonism in vibrio cholerae, a bacterium with two chromosomes. | h-ns is a well-established silencer of virulence gene transcription in the human pathogen vibrio cholerae. biofilm formation aids v. cholerae in colonizing both its host and its external environments, and h-ns silences biofilm gene expression. cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate acts through the dna binding proteins vpsr and vpst to overcome h-ns-mediated repression of biofilm genes, driving a transition between a planktonic and a colonial/biofilm lifestyle. the h-ns binding pattern has now been c ... | 2015 | 25988304 |
| atp-association to intrabacterial nanotransportation system in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae colonizes the lumen of the proximal small intestine, which has an alkaline environment, and secretes cholera toxin (ct) through a type ii secretion machinery. v. cholerae possesses the intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibnots) for transporting ct from the inner portion toward the peripheral portion of the cytoplasm, and this system is controlled by extrabacterial ph. association of atp with ibnots has not yet been examined in detail. in this study, we demonstrated by immu ... | 2015 | 25986680 |
| highly active and stable oxaloacetate decarboxylase na⁺ pump complex for structural analysis. | the oxaloacetate decarboxylase primary na(+) pump (oad) produces energy for the surviving of some pathogenic bacteria under anaerobic conditions. oad composes of three subunits: oad-α, a biotinylated soluble subunit and catalyzes the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate; oad-β, a transmembrane subunit and functions as a na(+) pump; and oad-γ, a single transmembrane α-helical anchor subunit and assembles oad-α/β/γ complex. the molecular mechanism of oad complex coupling the exothermic decarboxylation ... | 2015 | 25986323 |
| repression by h-ns of genes required for the biosynthesis of the vibrio cholerae biofilm matrix is modulated by the second messenger cyclic diguanylic acid. | expression of vibrio cholerae genes required for the biosynthesis of exopolysacchide (vps) and protein (rbm) components of the biofilm matrix is enhanced by cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp). in a previous study, we reported that the histone-like nucleoid structuring (h-ns) protein represses the transcription of vpsa, vpsl and vpst. here we demonstrate that the regulator vpst can disrupt repressive h-ns nucleoprotein complexes at the vpsa and vpsl promoters in the presence of c-di-gmp, while h-ns co ... | 2015 | 25982817 |
| complete genome assemblies for two single-chromosome vibrio cholerae isolates, strains 1154-74 (serogroup o49) and 10432-62 (serogroup o27). | here, we report the completed genome sequences for two non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolates. each isolate has only a single chromosome, as opposed to the normal paradigm of two chromosomes found in all other v. cholerae isolates. | 2015 | 25977434 |
| a case of non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae septicemia and meningitis in a neonate. | a case of septicemia with meningitis due to non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae in a neonate is reported. the genotype and phenotype of the isolate were examined in relation to the major virulence genes. the isolate was shown to be non-toxin but cytotoxin-producing, distinguished from the dominant clone of non-o1/non-o139v. cholerae by multilocus sequence typing. | 2015 | 25975654 |
| detection of vibrio cholerae by isothermal cross-priming amplification combined with nucleic acid detection strip analysis. | vibrio cholerae is a water- and food-borne human pathogen, and v. cholerae serotypes o1 and o139 have attracted attention because of their severe pathogenesis. however, non-o1, non-o139 cholera vibrios (ncvs) were also recently recognized as having virulence properties. in this study, we developed a cross-priming amplification (cpa) method for the detection of all serotypes of v. cholerae. the specificity of the cpa method was tested using a panel of 60 different bacterial strains. all of the v. ... | 2015 | 25962828 |
| occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio vulnificus in the aquacultural environments of taiwan. | the occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio cholerae in a total of 72 samples from six aquaculture ponds for groupers, milk fish, and tilapia in southern taiwan was examined by the membrane filtration and colony hybridization method. the halophilic v. parahaemolyticus was only recovered in seawater ponds, with a high isolation frequency of 86.1% and a mean density of 2.6 log cfu/g. v. cholerae was found in both the seawater and freshwater ponds but preferentially in ... | 2015 | 25951392 |
| type 3 secretion system island encoded proteins required for colonization by non-o1/non-o139 serogroup v. cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a genetically diverse species, and pathogenic strains can encode different virulence factors that mediate colonization and secretory diarrhea. although the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) is the primary colonization factor in epidemic causing v. cholerae strains, other strains do not encode tcp and instead promote colonization via the activity of a type three secretion system (t3ss). using the infant mouse model and t3ss-positive o39 serogroup strain am-19226, we sought to dete ... | 2015 | 25939511 |
| stereoselective syntheses of the conjugation-ready, downstream disaccharide and phosphorylated upstream, branched trisaccharide fragments of the o-ps of vibrio cholerae o139. | n-bromosuccinimide-mediated 4,6-o-benzylidene ring opening in 8-azido-3,6-dioxaoctyl 4,6-o-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-trichloroacetamido-β-d-glucopyranoside afforded the corresponding 4-o-benzoyl-6-bromo-6-deoxy analogue, which was coupled with 3,4,6-tri-o-acetyl-2-o-benzyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl chloride to give the 1,2-cis α-linked disaccharide as the major product. conventional hydroxyl group manipulation in the latter and products of further conversions gave the desired, functionalized disaccharide ... | 2015 | 25928584 |
| gbpa as a novel qpcr target for the species-specific detection of vibrio cholerae o1, o139, non-o1/non-o139 in environmental, stool, and historical continuous plankton recorder samples. | the vibrio cholerae n-acetyl glucosamine-binding protein a (gbpa) is a chitin-binding protein involved in v. cholerae attachment to environmental chitin surfaces and human intestinal cells. we previously investigated the distribution and genetic variations of gbpa in a large collection of v. cholerae strains and found that the gene is consistently present and highly conserved in this species. primers and probe were designed from the gbpa sequence of v. cholerae and a new taq-based qpcr protocol ... | 2015 | 25915771 |
| whole-genome sequence comparisons reveal the evolution of vibrio cholerae o1. | the analysis of the whole-genome sequences of vibrio cholerae strains from previous and current cholera pandemics has demonstrated that genomic changes and alterations in phage ctx (particularly in the gene encoding the b subunit of cholera toxin) were major features in the evolution of v. cholerae. recent studies have revealed the genetic mechanisms in these bacteria by which new variants of v. cholerae are generated from type-specific strains; these mechanisms suggest that certain strains are ... | 2015 | 25913612 |
| hybrid vibrio cholerae el tor lacking sxt identified as the cause of a cholera outbreak in the philippines. | cholera continues to be a global threat, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. in 2011, a cholera outbreak occurred in palawan, philippines, affecting more than 500 people, and 20 individuals died. vibrio cholerae o1 was confirmed as the etiological agent. source attribution is critical in cholera outbreaks for proper management of the disease, as well as to control spread. in this study, three v. cholerae o1 isolates from a philippines cholera outbreak were sequenced and their genomes ana ... | 2015 | 25900650 |
| antimicrobial drug resistance of vibrio cholerae, democratic republic of the congo. | we analyzed 1,093 vibrio cholerae isolates from the democratic republic of the congo during 1997-2012 and found increasing antimicrobial drug resistance over time. our study also demonstrated that the 2011-2012 epidemic was caused by an el tor variant clonal complex with a single antimicrobial drug susceptibility profile. | 2015 | 25897570 |
| living in the matrix: assembly and control of vibrio cholerae biofilms. | nearly all bacteria form biofilms as a strategy for survival and persistence. biofilms are associated with biotic and abiotic surfaces and are composed of aggregates of cells that are encased by a self-produced or acquired extracellular matrix. vibrio cholerae has been studied as a model organism for understanding biofilm formation in environmental pathogens, as it spends much of its life cycle outside of the human host in the aquatic environment. given the important role of biofilm formation in ... | 2015 | 25895940 |
| multidrug resistant vibrio cholerae o1 from clinical and environmental samples in kathmandu city. | cholera, an infectious disease caused by vibrio cholerae, is a major public health problem and is a particularly burden in developing countries including nepal. although the recent worldwide outbreaks of cholera have been due to v. cholerae el tor, the classical biotypes are still predominant in nepal. serogroup o1 of the v. cholerae classical biotype was the primary cause of a cholera outbreak in kathmandu in 2012. thus, this study was designed to know serotypes and biotypes of v. cholerae stra ... | 2015 | 25888391 |
| the vieb auxiliary protein negatively regulates the viesa signal transduction system in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a facultative pathogen that lives in the aquatic environment and the human host. the ability of v. cholerae to monitor environmental changes as it transitions between these diverse environments is vital to its pathogenic lifestyle. one way v. cholerae senses changing external stimuli is through the three-component signal transduction system, viesab, which is encoded by the viesab operon. the viesab system plays a role in the inverse regulation of biofilm and virulence genes by ... | 2015 | 25887601 |
| evaluation of the medicinal properties of cyrtocarpa procera kunth fruit extracts. | the fruit of cyrtocarpa procera is used to treat stomach diseases by people living in san rafael, coxcatlan, puebla. this work investigated the antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of the fruit produced by this species. | 2015 | 25887560 |
| endopeptidase-mediated beta lactam tolerance. | in many bacteria, inhibition of cell wall synthesis leads to cell death and lysis. the pathways and enzymes that mediate cell lysis after exposure to cell wall-acting antibiotics (e.g. beta lactams) are incompletely understood, but the activities of enzymes that degrade the cell wall ('autolysins') are thought to be critical. here, we report that vibrio cholerae, the cholera pathogen, is tolerant to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. in response to a wide variety of cell wall--acting ant ... | 2015 | 25884840 |
| (p)ppgpp, a small nucleotide regulator, directs the metabolic fate of glucose in vibrio cholerae. | when v. cholerae encounters nutritional stress, it activates (p)ppgpp-mediated stringent response. the genes rela and relv are involved in the production of (p)ppgpp, whereas the spot gene encodes an enzyme that hydrolyzes it. herein, we show that the bacterial capability to produce (p)ppgpp plays an essential role in glucose metabolism. the v. cholerae mutants defective in (p)ppgpp production (i.e. δrelaδrelv and δrelaδrelvδspot mutants) lost their viability because of uncontrolled production o ... | 2015 | 25882848 |
| electrochemical genosensor assay using lyophilized gold nanoparticles/latex microsphere label for detection of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium that causes cholera, a diarrheal disease. cholera is widespread in poor, under-developed or disaster-hit countries that have poor water sanitation. hence, a rapid detection method for v. cholerae in the field under these resource-limited settings is required. in this paper, we describe the development of an electrochemical genosensor assay using lyophilized gold nanoparticles/latex microsphere (aunps-psa) reporter label. the reporter label mixture was ... | 2015 | 25882423 |
| biological characterization of v. cholerae-specific bacteriophages isolated from water sources in georgia. | vibrio cholerae, a widely spread bacterium in various marine, fresh, and brackish water environments, can cause a devastating diarrheal disease - cholera and also mild forms of gastroenteritis. bacterial viruses are natural controllers of bacterial population density in water systems. the goal of this study was to isolate and characterize v. cholerae-specific bacteriophages occurring in the georgian coastal zone of the black sea and inland water reservoirs in the eastern part of georgia. during ... | 2015 | 25879562 |
| establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line from thymus of striped snakehead, channa striatus (bloch 1793). | the establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line from the thymus of air-breathing fish channa striatus are described. the cell line, designated c. striatus thymus (cst), has been subcultured over 71 times and shows optimal growth at 28°c in leibovitz's-15 (l-15) medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. the cst cells exhibited low plating efficiency which improved with increase in seeding density. the karyotype analysis revealed that cst cells have a normal diploid karyoty ... | 2015 | 25877070 |
| genomic location of the major ribosomal protein gene locus determines vibrio cholerae global growth and infectivity. | the effects on cell physiology of gene order within the bacterial chromosome are poorly understood. in silico approaches have shown that genes involved in transcription and translation processes, in particular ribosomal protein (rp) genes, localize near the replication origin (oric) in fast-growing bacteria suggesting that such a positional bias is an evolutionarily conserved growth-optimization strategy. such genomic localization could either provide a higher dosage of these genes during fast g ... | 2015 | 25875621 |
| serine 26 in the pomb subunit of the flagellar motor is essential for hypermotility of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is motile by means of its single polar flagellum which is driven by the sodium-motive force. in the motor driving rotation of the flagellar filament, a stator complex consisting of subunits poma and pomb converts the electrochemical sodium ion gradient into torque. charged or polar residues within the membrane part of pomb could act as ligands for na+, or stabilize a hydrogen bond network by interacting with water within the putative channel between poma and pomb. by analyzing a ... | 2015 | 25874792 |
| quadruple quorum-sensing inputs control vibrio cholerae virulence and maintain system robustness. | bacteria use quorum sensing (qs) for cell-cell communication to carry out group behaviors. this intercellular signaling process relies on cell density-dependent production and detection of chemical signals called autoinducers (ais). vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, detects two ais, cai-1 and ai-2, with two histidine kinases, cqss and luxq, respectively, to control biofilm formation and virulence factor production. at low cell density, these two signal receptors function in parall ... | 2015 | 25874462 |
| enzyme-based microfluidic chip coupled to graphene electrodes for the detection of d-amino acid enantiomer-biomarkers. | an electrochemical microfluidic strategy for the separation and enantiomeric detection of d-methionine (d-met) and d-leucine (d-leu) is presented. these d-amino acids (d-aas) act as biomarkers involved in relevant diseases caused by vibrio cholerae. on a single layout microfluidic chip (mc), highly compatible with extremely low biological sample consumption, the strategy allowed the controlled microfluidic d-aa separation and the specific reaction between d-amino acid oxidase (daao) and each d-a ... | 2015 | 25870911 |
| molecular characterization of iscr1-mediated blaper-1 in a non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae strain from china. | we report the detection of per-1 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) in a clinical non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae strain from china. iscr1-mediated bla(per-1) was embedded in a complex in4 family class 1 integron belonging to the lineage of tn1696 on a conjugative inca/c plasmid. a free 8.98-kb circular molecule present with the iscr1-bla(per-1)-truncated 3'-conserved sequence (cs) structure was detected in this isolate. these findings may provide insight into the mobilization of bla(per-1). | 2015 | 25870070 |
| in silico phylogenetic analysis of vibrio cholerae isolates based on three housekeeping genes. | vibrio cholera, a gram-negative bacterium, has been categorised into clinical and environmental species. phylogenetic studies have been performed to investigate the relationships of the v. cholerae populations in worldwide. in this study, phylogenetic relationship between v. cholerae isolates from iran and other regions of the world was determined, based on three housekeeping genes analysis. results for iranian strains showed that congruency of asd and hlya phylogenetic trees were remarkably hig ... | 2015 | 25869320 |
| enhanced resistance to several abiotic stresses in vibrio cholerae during starvation. | in this study, we investigated whether vibrio cholerae cells exposed to nutrient-limited conditions developed resistance to abiotic stresses because of which most, if not all, starved cells turn coccoid in shape and exhibited marked resistance to freezing, low ph, and chlorine, but not against bile. | 2015 | 25866118 |
| plant-based production of two chimeric monoclonal igg antibodies directed against immunodominant epitopes of vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide. | we have produced and characterized two chimeric human igg1 monoclonal antibodies that bind different immunodominant epitopes on vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps). mab 2d6 igg1 recognizes ogawa o-polysaccharide antigen, while mab zac-3 igg1 recognizes core/lipid a moiety of ogawa and inaba lps. both antibodies were expressed using a nicotiana benthamiana-based rapid antibody-manufacturing platform (ramp) and evaluated in vitro for activities associated with immunity to v. cholerae, includi ... | 2015 | 25865265 |
| nitric oxide is a potent inhibitor of the cbb(3)-type heme-copper oxidases. | c-type heme-copper oxidases terminate the respiratory chain in many pathogenic bacteria, and will encounter elevated concentrations of no produced by the immune defense of the host. thus, a decreased sensitivity to no in c-type oxidases would increase the survival of these pathogens. here we have compared the inhibitory effect of no in c-type oxidases to that in the mitochondrial a-type. we show that o2-reduction in both the rhodobacter sphaeroides and vibrio cholerae c-type oxidases is strongly ... | 2015 | 25862499 |
| clonal dissemination of a single vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor strain in sistan-baluchestan province of iran during 2013. | although much is known about the mechanisms affecting cholera spread, cholera outbreaks occur annually in iran. the aim of this study was to characterize and assess the clonal correlation of strains obtained from an outbreak in 2013 in iran. thirty-three strains of vibrio cholerae were isolated from stool sample of patients majority of them belonged to afghan nationality. pcr and sequencing analysis was performed to characterize virulence and resistance associates genes and cassettes. clonality ... | 2015 | 25862465 |
| liposome reconstitution and transport assay for recombinant transporters. | secondary active transporters are responsible for the cellular uptake of many biologically important molecules, including neurotransmitters, nutrients, and drugs. because of their physiological and clinical importance, a method for assessing their transport activity in vitro is necessary to gain a better understanding of how these transporters function at the molecular level. in this chapter, we describe a protocol for reconstituting the concentrative nucleoside transporter from vibrio cholerae ... | 2015 | 25857791 |
| increased isolation frequency of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 from environmental monitoring sites in haiti. | since the identification of the first cholera case in 2010, the disease has spread in epidemic form throughout the island nation of haiti; as of 2014, about 700,000 cholera cases have been reported, with over 8,000 deaths. while case numbers have declined, the more fundamental question of whether the causative bacterium, vibrio cholerae has established an environmental reservoir in the surface waters of haiti remains to be elucidated. in a previous study conducted between april 2012 and march 20 ... | 2015 | 25853552 |
| biocompatible capped iron oxide nanoparticles for vibrio cholerae detection. | we report the studies relating to fabrication of an efficient immunosensor for vibrio cholerae detection. magnetite (iron oxide (fe(3)o(4))) nanoparticles (nps) have been synthesized by the co-precipitation method and capped by citric acid (ca). these nps were electrophoretically deposited onto indium-tin-oxide (ito)-coated glass substrate and used for immobilization of monoclonal antibodies against vibrio cholerae (ab) and bovine serum albumin (bsa) for vibrio cholerae detection using an electr ... | 2015 | 25850702 |
| role of methylthioadenosine/s-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase in vibrio cholerae cellular communication and biofilm development. | in vibrio cholerae, the genes required for biofilm development are repressed by quorum sensing at high cell density due to the accumulation in the medium of two signaling molecules, cholera autoinducer 1 (cai-1) and autoinducer 2 (ai-2). a significant fraction of toxigenic v. cholerae isolates, however, exhibit dysfunctional quorum sensing pathways. it was reported that transition state analogs of the enzyme methylthioadenosine/s-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (mtnn) required to make ai-2 inh ... | 2015 | 25849889 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the periplasmic haem-binding protein hutb from vibrio cholerae. | the mechanism of haem transport across the inner membrane of pathogenic bacteria is currently insufficiently understood at the molecular level and no information is available for this process in vibrio cholerae. to obtain structural insights into the periplasmic haem-binding protein hutb from v. cholerae (vchutb), which is involved in haem transport through the hutbcd haem-transport system, at the atomic level, vchutb was cloned, overexpressed and crystallized using 1.6 m ammonium sulfate as a p ... | 2015 | 25849499 |
| proteolysis of virulence regulator toxr is associated with entry of vibrio cholerae into a dormant state. | vibrio cholerae o1 is a natural inhabitant of aquatic environments and causes the diarrheal disease, cholera. two of its primary virulence regulators, tcpp and toxr, are localized in the inner membrane. tcpp is encoded on the vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi), a horizontally acquired mobile genetic element, and functions primarily in virulence gene regulation. tcpp has been shown to undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (rip) in response to environmental conditions that are unfavorable for ... | 2015 | 25849031 |
| control of bacterial exoelectrogenesis by c-amp-gmp. | major changes in bacterial physiology including biofilm and spore formation involve signaling by the cyclic dinucleotides c-di-gmp and c-di-amp. recently, another second messenger dinucleotide, c-amp-gmp, was found to control chemotaxis and colonization by vibrio cholerae. we have identified a superregulon of genes controlled by c-amp-gmp in numerous deltaproteobacteria, including geobacter species that use extracellular insoluble metal oxides as terminal electron acceptors. this exoelectrogenic ... | 2015 | 25848023 |
| gemm-i riboswitches from geobacter sense the bacterial second messenger cyclic amp-gmp. | cyclic dinucleotides are an expanding class of signaling molecules that control many aspects of bacterial physiology. a synthase for cyclic amp-gmp (cag, also referenced as 3'-5', 3'-5' cgamp) called dncv is associated with hyperinfectivity of vibrio cholerae but has not been found in many bacteria, raising questions about the prevalence and function of cag signaling. we have discovered that the environmental bacterium geobacter sulfurreducens produces cag and uses a subset of gemm-i class ribos ... | 2015 | 25848022 |
| mechanisms of inflammasome activation by vibrio cholerae secreted toxins vary with strain biotype. | activation of inflammasomes is an important aspect of innate immune responses to bacterial infection. recent studies have linked vibrio cholerae secreted toxins to inflammasome activation by using murine macrophages. to increase relevance to human infection, studies of inflammasome-dependent cytokine secretion were conducted with the human thp-1 monocytic cell line and corroborated in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). both el tor and classical strains of v. cholerae activ ... | 2015 | 25847959 |
| dynamics of vibrio cholerae abundance in austrian saline lakes, assessed with quantitative solid-phase cytometry. | in order to elucidate the main predictors of vibrio cholerae dynamics and to estimate the risk of vibrio cholera-related diseases, a recently developed direct detection approach based on fluorescence in situ hybridization and solid-phase cytometry (card-fish/spc) was applied in comparison to cultivation for water samples from the lake neusiedler see, austria and three shallow alkaline lakes over a period of 20 months. vibrio cholerae attached to crustacean zooplankton was quantified via fish and ... | 2015 | 25847810 |