| survival and growth of vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli, and salmonella spp. in well water used for drinking purposes in garoua (north cameroon). | the ability of strains of faecal bacteria (vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli atcc 25922, and four strains of salmonella isolated, resp., from well water, pig, poultry, and human urine in garoua) to survive or grow in well water microcosms was compared. water samples were obtained from two wells in garoua (north cameroun). autoclaving at 121°c for 15 min and filtration through 0.2 µm filter were used to make microcosms. microcosms were constituted of unfiltered-autoclaved, filtered-nonautoclaved, ... | 2013 | 26904721 |
| use of molecular modelling to probe the mechanism of the nucleoside transporter nupg. | nucleosides play key roles in biology as precursors for salvage pathways of nucleotide synthesis. prokaryotes import nucleosides across the cytoplasmic membrane by proton- or sodium-driven transporters belonging to the concentrative nucleoside transporter (cnt) family or the nucleoside:h(+) symporter (nhs) family of the major facilitator superfamily. the high resolution structure of a cnt from vibrio cholerae has recently been determined, but no similar structural information is available for th ... | 2013 | 23256604 |
| fecal contamination of drinking water supplies in and around chandigarh and correlation with acute gastroenteritis. | acute gastroenteritis due to vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic e. coli is a common problem faced in the hot and humid summer months in north india. the study was undertaken to evaluate drinking water supplies for fecal coliforms, v. cholerae and enterotoxigenic e. coli in urban, semiurban and rural areas in and around chandigarh and correlate with occurrence of acute gastroenteritis occurring from the same region. drinking water sample were collected from various sources from april to october ... | 2012 | 25145069 |
| cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of a fructokinase from vibrio cholerae o395. | fructokinase (fk), one of the crucial enzymes for sugar metabolism in bacterial systems, catalyses the unidirectional phosphorylation reaction from fructose to fructose 6-phosphate, thereby allowing parallel entry of fructose into glycolysis beside glucose. the csck gene from vibrio cholerae o395 coding for the enzyme fk has been cloned, overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3) and purified using ni-nta affinity chromatography. crystals of v. cholerae fk (vc-fk) and its cocrystal with fructo ... | 2012 | 23192049 |
| type ii heat-labile enterotoxins: structure, function, and immunomodulatory properties. | the heat-labile enterotoxins (hlts) of escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae are classified into two major types on the basis of genetic, biochemical, and immunological properties. type i and type ii hlt have been intensively studied for their exceptionally strong adjuvant activities. despite general structural similarities, these molecules, in intact or derivative (non-toxic) forms, display notable differences in their mode of immunomodulatory action. the molecular basis of these differences has ... | 2013 | 23137790 |
| glucose-specific enzyme iia has unique binding partners in the vibrio cholerae biofilm. | glucose-specific enzyme iia (eiia(glc)) is a central regulator of bacterial metabolism and an intermediate in the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (pts), a conserved phosphotransfer cascade that controls carbohydrate transport. we previously reported that eiia(glc) activates transcription of the genes required for vibrio cholerae biofilm formation. while eiia(glc) modulates the function of many proteins through a direct interaction, none of the known regulatory binding partners of e ... | 2012 | 23131828 |
| transflp--a method to genetically modify vibrio cholerae based on natural transformation and flp-recombination. | several methods are available to manipulate bacterial chromosomes(1-3). most of these protocols rely on the insertion of conditionally replicative plasmids (e.g. harboring pir-dependent or temperature-sensitive replicons(1,2)). these plasmids are integrated into bacterial chromosomes based on homology-mediated recombination. such insertional mutants are often directly used in experimental settings. alternatively, selection for plasmid excision followed by its loss can be performed, which for gra ... | 2012 | 23093249 |
| assessing point-of-care device specifications and needs for pathogen detection in emergencies and disasters. | background: we assessed point-of-care device specifications and needs for pathogen detection in urgent care, emergencies, and disasters. methods: we surveyed american association for clinical chemistry members and compared responses to those of disaster experts. online surveymonkey questions covered performance characteristics, device design, pathogen targets, and other specifications. results: for disasters, respondents preferred direct sample collection with a disposable test cassette that sto ... | 2012 | 23049471 |
| a study of antimicrobial activity, acute toxicity and cytoprotective effect of a polyherbal extract in a rat ethanol-hcl gastric ulcer model. | the decoction of the aerial parts of rhynchosia recinosa (a.rich.) bak. [fabaceae] is used in combination with the stem barks of ozoroa insignis del. (anacardiaceae), maytenus senegalensis (lam.) excell. [celastraceae] entada abyssinica steud. ex a.rich [fabaceae] and lannea schimperi (hochst.)engl. [anacardiaceae] as a traditional remedy for managing peptic ulcers. however, the safety and efficacy of this polyherbal preparation has not been evaluated. this study reports on the phytochemical pro ... | 2012 | 23031266 |
| natural competence in vibrio cholerae is controlled by a nucleoside scavenging response that requires cytr-dependent anti-activation. | competence for genetic transformation in vibrio cholerae is triggered by chitin-induced transcription factor tfox and quorum sensing (qs) regulator hapr. transformation requires expression of comea, described as a dna receptor in other competent bacteria. a screen for mutants that poorly expressed a comea-luciferase fusion identified cytr, encoding the nucleoside scavenging cytidine repressor, previously shown in v. cholerae to be a biofilm repressor and positively regulated by tfox, but not lin ... | 2012 | 23016895 |
| structure of the cfa/iii major pilin subunit cofa from human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli determined at 0.90 å resolution by sulfur-sad phasing. | cofa, a major pilin subunit of colonization factor antigen iii (cfa/iii), forms pili that mediate small-intestinal colonization by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). in this study, the crystal structure of an n-terminally truncated version of cofa was determined by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (sad) phasing using five sulfurs in the protein. given the counterbalance between anomalous signal strength and the undesired x-ray absorption of the solvent, diffraction data were collect ... | 2012 | 22993096 |
| the 1.2 å resolution crystal structure of tcpg, the vibrio cholerae dsba disulfide-forming protein required for pilus and cholera-toxin production. | the enzyme tcpg is a periplasmic protein produced by the gram-negative pathogen vibrio cholerae. tcpg is essential for the production of toxr-regulated proteins, including virulence-factor pilus proteins and cholera toxin, and is therefore a target for the development of a new class of anti-virulence drugs. here, the 1.2 å resolution crystal structure of tcpg is reported using a cryocooled crystal. this structure is compared with a previous crystal structure determined at 2.1 å resolution from d ... | 2012 | 22993083 |
| integrating conjugative elements of the sxt/r391 family from fish-isolated vibrios encode restriction-modification systems that confer resistance to bacteriophages. | integrating conjugative elements (ices) of the sxt/r391 family have been described in vibrios, mainly vibrio cholerae, and other bacteria as carriers of variable gene content conferring adaptive advantages upon their hosts, including antimicrobial resistance and motility regulation. however, our knowledge on their host range and ecological significance is still limited. here, we report the identification and characterization of icevsppor3 and icevalspa1, two novel ices of the sxt/r391 family fro ... | 2013 | 22974320 |
| antimicrobial activity of the crude extract of piper sarmentosum against methicilin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), escherichia coli, vibrio cholera and streptococcus pneumoniae. | the emergence of novel diseases caused by microbial pathogens and the undesirable side effects of certain antibiotics has been a recent dilemma in the medical arena. consequently, it has stirred the discovery of many naturally occurring agents which could possibly provide important ramifications against various pharmacological targets and to combat various ailments. the main aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of the crude methanolic extract of piper (p.) sarment ... | 2012 | 22957424 |
| crystal structures of a ctxphi piii domain unbound and in complex with a vibrio cholerae tola domain reveal novel interaction interfaces. | vibrio cholerae colonize the small intestine where they secrete cholera toxin, an adp-ribosylating enzyme that is responsible for the voluminous diarrhea characteristic of cholera disease. the genes encoding cholera toxin are located on the genome of the filamentous bacteriophage, ctxϕ, that integrates as a prophage into the v. cholerae chromosome. ctxϕ infection of v. cholerae requires the toxin-coregulated pilus and the periplasmic protein tola. this infection process parallels that of escheri ... | 2012 | 22942280 |
| [characteristics of vibrio cholerae cef (cho cell elongating factor): bioinformatics analysis and experimental data]. | bioinformatics analysis of the primary and secondary structure of the vibrio cholerae cef (cho cell elongating factor) protein was conducted. similarity with triacylglycerol lipases and cytotonic toxins of other bacterial species was observed. cef was predicted to be a heat-tolerant serine lipase with the kunitz domain and leucine zipper. these data were confirmed experimentally. the cefs of the two biotypes of v. cholerae o1, as well as o139 and nono1/nono139 serogroups, were purified from the ... | 2012 | 22937564 |
| [progress on xercd/dif site-specific recombination]. | in escherichia coli, 10% to 15% of growing bacteria produce chromosome dimers during dna replication. these dimers are resolved by xerc and xerd, two chromosome recombinases that target the dif sequence in the replication terminus of chromosome. phage ctxφ integrates into vibrio cholerae chromosome in a site-specific manner. however, ctxφ genome does not encode any recombinase, while recombinase xerc and xerd, which is coded by vibrio cholerae chromosome are required for the integration of ctxφ i ... | 2012 | 22917905 |
| refolding and functional assembly of the vibrio cholerae porin ompu recombinantly expressed in the cytoplasm of escherichia coli. | ompu is one of the major outer membrane porins of vibrio cholerae. ompu has been biochemically characterized previously for its 'porin'-property. however, previous studies have used the ompu protein extracted from the bacterial outer membrane envelope fractions. such method of isolation imposes limitations on the availability of the protein reagent, and also enhances the possibility of the ompu preparation being contaminated with lipid molecules of bacterial outer membrane origin, especially lip ... | 2012 | 22902612 |
| anti-diarrheal activity of (-)-epicatechin from chiranthodendron pentadactylon larreat: experimental and computational studies. | chiranthodendron pentadactylon larreat is frequently used in mexican traditional medicine as well as in guatemalan for several medicinal purposes, including their use in the control of diarrhea. | 2012 | 22884870 |
| antibacterial activity of plasma from crocodile (crocodylus siamensis) against pathogenic bacteria. | the siamese crocodile (crocodylus siamensis) is a critically endangered species of freshwater crocodiles. crocodilians live with opportunistic bacterial infection but normally suffer no adverse effects. they are not totally immune to microbial infection, but their resistance thereto is remarkably effective. in this study, crude and purified plasma extracted from the siamese crocodile were examined for antibacterial activity against clinically isolated, human pathogenic bacterial strains and the ... | 2012 | 22846342 |
| prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from childhood diarrhoea in four provinces of kenya. | diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children in sub-saharan africa, and one of the main causes of hospital admissions in rural areas of kenya. in kenya, antimicrobial resistance surveillance has been conducted only at the institutional levels, with limited sharing of information and analysis of data. as a result, the actual scale of regional or national antimicrobial drug resistance is not well defined. | 2012 | 22842944 |
| mixing and matching siderophore clusters: structure and biosynthesis of serratiochelins from serratia sp. v4. | interrogation of the evolutionary history underlying the remarkable structures and biological activities of natural products has been complicated by not knowing the functions they have evolved to fulfill. siderophores-soluble, low molecular weight compounds-have an easily understood and measured function: acquiring iron from the environment. bacteria engage in a fierce competition to acquire iron, which rewards the production of siderophores that bind iron tightly and cannot be used or pirated b ... | 2012 | 22830960 |
| concerted movement in ph-dependent gating of foca from molecular dynamics simulations. | foca, a member of the formate-nitrite transporter (fnt) family, transports formate and nitrite across biological membranes in cellular organisms. the export and uptake of formate in bacteria are both mediated by foca, which undergoes a ph-dependent functional switch. recently, the crystal structures of escherichia coli foca (ecfoca), vibrio cholerae foca (vcfoca), and salmonella typhimurium foca (stfoca) were reported. we performed molecular dynamics (md) on stfoca and ecfoca with different stat ... | 2012 | 22747061 |
| traditional copper water storage vessels and sub-lethal injury of salmonella enterica serovar typhi and vibrio cholerae. | recent studies on escherichia coli have demonstrated sub-lethal injury-sensitivity to oxygen and selective agents prior to irreversible inactivation when kept in water in a brass vessel. the present study was carried out to investigate whether equivalent responses occur in copper vessels using the pathogens salmonella enterica serovar typhi and vibrio cholerae. bacterial suspensions were stored in water in a traditional copper vessel for up to 24 h at 30 °c. samples were withdrawn and plated on ... | 2012 | 22717752 |
| small molecule perimeter defense in entomopathogenic bacteria. | two gram-negative insect pathogens, xenorhabdus nematophila and photorhabdus luminescens, produce rhabduscin, an amidoglycosyl- and vinyl-isonitrile-functionalized tyrosine derivative. heterologous expression of the rhabduscin pathway in escherichia coli, precursor-directed biosynthesis of rhabduscin analogs, biochemical assays, and visualization using both stimulated raman scattering and confocal fluorescence microscopy established rhabduscin's role as a potent nanomolar-level inhibitor of phen ... | 2012 | 22711807 |
| bactericidal and ammonia removal activity of silver ion-exchanged zeolite. | the antimicrobial activity of silver-zeolite against escherichia coli, vibrio harveyi, vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus was examined in liquid medium and agar well diffusion assays. the minimum inhibitory concentration for silver ion-exchanged zeolite against e. coli and v. harveyi was 40 μg/ml, and 50-60 μg/ml for v. cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus. the diameter of the inhibition zones for e. coli, v. harveyi, v. cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus, respectively, increased from 0.5 to ... | 2012 | 22609718 |
| expression and morphology of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli surface antigen cs31a in e. coli k12 and vibrio cholerae. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is known as a worldwide cause of diarrheal disease. the pathogenesis involves the attachment of the microorganisms to the mucosa and the production of enterotoxins. surface expression of cs31a fimbriae was assessed by western blots, dot blots, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy using negative staining and immunogold labeling. these investigations revealed significant differences in both the morphology of the wild-type and recombinant strains and t ... | 2012 | 22607531 |
| antimicrobial activity of sesbania grandiflora flower polyphenol extracts on some pathogenic bacteria and growth stimulatory effect on the probiotic organism lactobacillus acidophilus. | polyphenolic extracts (pe) of edible flower of sesbania grandiflora were tested to evaluate its antimicrobial effect against some common pathogenic bacteria and growth promoting property against probiotic organism lactobacillus acidophilus. the antimicrobial activity of s. grandiflora flower pe against selected pathogens was evaluated using both in vitro and in situ methods. in vitro studies suggested that pe has inhibitory effect against staphylococcus aureus, shigella flexneri 2a, salmonella t ... | 2012 | 22583547 |
| insensitivity of chromosome i and the cell cycle to blockage of replication and segregation of vibrio cholerae chromosome ii. | vibrio cholerae has two chromosomes (chri and chrii) whose replication and segregation are under different genetic controls. the region covering the replication origin of chri resembles that of the escherichia coli chromosome, and both origins are under control of the highly conserved initiator, dnaa. the origin region of chrii resembles that of plasmids that have iterated initiator-binding sites (iterons) and is under control of the chrii-specific initiator, rctb. both chri and chrii encode chr ... | 2012 | 22570276 |
| sxt constin among vibrio cholerae isolates from a tertiary care hospital. | the sxt element, also known as 'constin' (conjugable, self transmissible, integrating element) is an integrating conjugative element (ice) in vibrio cholerae discovered in the chromosome of epidemic v. cholerae o139 strain mo10 (sxt mo10 ) which arose in late 1992 in chennai, india. sxt related ices have become widespread and currently, most if not all asian v. cholerae clinical isolates contain sxt related ices. the present study attempts to determine the presence of sxt int gene in v. cholerae ... | 2012 | 22561621 |
| conversion of viable but nonculturable enteric bacteria to culturable by co-culture with eukaryotic cells. | viable but nonculturable (vbnc) vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139, v. parahaemolyticus, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic e. coli, enteropathogenic e. coli, shigella flexneri, and salmonella enterica were converted to the culturable state by co-culture with selected eukaryotic cells, e.g., ht-29, caco-2, t84, hela, intestine 407, and cho cells. | 2012 | 22537150 |
| characterization of a new beta-lactamase gene from isolates of vibrio spp. in korea. | pcr was performed to analyze the beta-lactamase genes carried by ampicillin-resistant vibrio spp. strains isolated from marine environments in korea between 2006 and 2009. all 36 strains tested showed negative results in pcr with the primers designed from the nucleotide sequences of various known beta-lactamase genes. this prompted us to screen new beta-lactamase genes. a novel beta-lactamase gene was cloned from vibrio alginolyticus kv3 isolated from the aquaculture water of geoje island of kor ... | 2012 | 22534305 |
| rctb mutations that increase copy number of vibrio cholerae oricii in escherichia coli. | rctb serves as the initiator protein for replication from oricii, the origin of replication of vibrio cholerae chromosome ii. rctb is conserved between members of vibrionaceae but shows no homology to known replication initiator proteins and has no recognizable sequence motifs. we used an oricii based minichromosome to isolate copy-up mutants in escherichia coli. three point mutations rctb(r269h), rctb(l439h) and rctb(y381n) and one is10 insertion in the 3'-end of the rctb gene were obtained. we ... | 2012 | 22487081 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae hfq provides novel insights into the role of the hfq c-terminal region. | hfq is a bacterial rna binding protein that facilitates small rna-mediated posttranscriptional gene regulation. in vibrio cholerae, hfq and four hfq-dependent small rnas are essential for the expression of virulence genes, but little is known about this mechanism at the molecular level. to better understand v. cholerae hfq structure and mechanism, we characterized the protein, alongside escherichia coli hfq for comparison, using biochemical and biophysical techniques. the n-terminal domain (ntd) ... | 2012 | 22484176 |
| a high-throughput screen identifies a new natural product with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. | due to the inexorable invasion of our hospitals and communities by drug-resistant bacteria, there is a pressing need for novel antibacterial agents. here we report the development of a sensitive and robust but low-tech and inexpensive high-throughput metabolic screen for novel antibiotics. this screen is based on a colorimetric assay of ph that identifies inhibitors of bacterial sugar fermentation. after validation of the method, we screened over 39,000 crude extracts derived from organisms that ... | 2012 | 22359585 |
| transcutaneous immunization with a vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa synthetic hexasaccharide conjugate following oral whole-cell cholera vaccination boosts vibriocidal responses and induces protective immunity in mice. | a shortcoming of currently available oral cholera vaccines is their induction of relatively short-term protection against cholera compared to that afforded by wild-type disease. we were interested in whether transcutaneous or subcutaneous boosting using a neoglycoconjugate vaccine made from a synthetic terminal hexasaccharide of the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o1 (ogawa) coupled to bovine serum albumin as a carrier (cho-bsa) could boost lipopolysaccharide (lps)-specific and vibr ... | 2012 | 22357651 |
| strategies to overexpress enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) colonization factors for the construction of oral whole-cell inactivated etec vaccine candidates. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is an important cause of diarrheal disease and deaths among children in developing countries and the major cause of traveler's diarrhea (td). since surface protein colonization factors (cfs) of etec are important for pathogenicity and immune protection is mainly mediated by locally produced iga antibodies in the gut, much effort has focused on the development of an oral cf-based vaccine. the most extensively studied etec candidate vaccine is the rctb-cf et ... | 2012 | 22350259 |
| hsp33 confers bleach resistance by protecting elongation factor tu against oxidative degradation in vibrio cholerae. | the redox-regulated chaperone hsp33 protects bacteria specifically against stress conditions that cause oxidative protein unfolding, such as treatment with bleach or exposure to peroxide at elevated temperatures. to gain insight into the mechanism by which expression of hsp33 confers resistance to oxidative protein unfolding conditions, we made use of vibrio cholerae strain o395 lacking the hsp33 gene hslo. we found that this strain, which is exquisitely bleach-sensitive, displays a temperature- ... | 2012 | 22296329 |
| efficacy of zinc as an antibacterial agent against enteric bacterial pathogens. | diarrhoea is a serious threat all over the world with great economic implications especially evident in the developing world. this study was aimed at determining in vitro efficacy of zinc (zn) against common enteric bacterial pathogens. | 2014 | 24800334 |
| dna methylation. | the dna of escherichia coli contains 19,120 6-methyladenines and 12,045 5-methylcytosines in addition to the four regular bases, and these are formed by the postreplicative action of three dna methyltransferases. the majority of the methylated bases are formed by the dam and dcmmethyltransferases encoded by the dam (dna adenine methyltransferase) and dcm (dna cytosine methyltransferase) genes. although not essential, dam methylation is important for strand discrimination during repair of replica ... | 2009 | 26443769 |
| the rise and rise of enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | first described in 1885, escherichia coli gradually achieved recognition as a cause of diarrhoea. strains of e. coli which belonged to a limited number of o-serogroups and had been associated with outbreaks of diarrhoea in hospitalised children were designated 'enteropathogenic' e. coli (epec) to distinguish them from e. coli strains that cause other types of infection. the discovery that some strains of e. coli can produce toxins or invade epithelial cells in a similar fashion to established pa ... | 2007 | 18250933 |
| heat-labile enterotoxins. | heat-labile enterotoxins (lts) of escherichia coli are closely related to cholera toxin (ct), which was originally discovered in 1959 in culture filtrates of the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae. several other gram-negative bacteria also produce enterotoxins related to ct and lts, and together these toxins form the v. cholerae-e. coli family of lts. strains of e. coli causing a cholera-like disease were designated enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) strains. the majority of lti genes (elt) are ... | 2006 | 26443570 |
| the escherichia coli hemolysin. | the escherichia coli hemolysin, earlier referred to as the hemolysin, is the best-characterized repeats in toxin (rtx) secreted by a type i exoprotein secretion system. the e. coli hemolysin is a significant virulence factor in murine models of peritonitis and ascending urinary tract infection, which suggests it is likely to be an important cytotoxin in human, extraintestinal e. coli diseases. among e. coli or salmonella strains there are no known examples of strict rtx leukotoxins in which lyti ... | 2005 | 26443504 |
| cholera toxin gene polymerase chain reaction for detection of non-culturable vibrio cholerae o1. | cholera enterotoxin is a major antigenic determinant for virulence of vibrio cholerae o1 which can enter into a viable but non-culturable (n-c) state, not detectable by conventional culture methods, yet remain capable of producing enterotoxin and potentially pathogenic. pcr was applied in the current study to detect the chilera toxin (ctx) gene of n-c cells, thus eliminating the necessity of culture. sets of oligonucleotide primers were designed, based on the ctxab operon of v. cholerae o1, to d ... | 1994 | 24421136 |
| distribution ofvibrio cholerae in two florida estuaries. | the distribution ofvibrio cholerae was examined in 2 florida estuaries, apalachicola and tampa bay.vibrio cholerae serotype non-01 was the most abundant serotype, being isolated from 45% of the oyster samples, 30% of the sediments, 50% of the waters, and 75% of the blue crabs.vibrio cholerae serotype 01 was isolated from only one oyster sample. strong linear correlations betweenv. cholerae and temperature, salinity, or the other physical/chemical parameters measured,escherichia coli, or fecal co ... | 1983 | 24221617 |
| [maldi-tof ms analysis for yersinia pestis, vibrio cholera, and francisella tularensis identification]. | numerous studies showed that a new technology for the clinical microbiology laboratories, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization--time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms), allows fast, accurate, and effective identification of most clinically relevant microorganisms to be implemented. in the present review, we discuss applications of this approach for identification and typing of extremely dangerous pathogens--yersinia pestis, vibrio cholera, and francisella tularensis, including the ... | 2015 | 26182660 |
| bacterial periplasmic sialic acid-binding proteins exhibit a conserved binding site. | sialic acids are a family of related nine-carbon sugar acids that play important roles in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. these sialic acids are incorporated/decorated onto lipooligosaccharides as terminal sugars in multiple bacteria to evade the host immune system. many pathogenic bacteria scavenge sialic acids from their host and use them for molecular mimicry. the first step of this process is the transport of sialic acid to the cytoplasm, which often takes place using a tripartite atp-indep ... | 2014 | 25004958 |
| low prevalence of vibrio cholerae o1 versus moderate prevalence of intestinal parasites in food-handlers working with health care personnel in haiti. | food-handlers with poor personal hygiene working in food-service establishments could be potential sources of infection due to pathogenic organisms. in may 2011, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bacteria and intestinal parasites among food-handlers working with cuban health personnel in haiti. stool specimens were collected from 56 food-handlers and samples were examined using standard procedures. of the food handlers, 26.8% had one bacterial or intestinal pa ... | 2016 | 27077312 |
| association between giardia duodenalis and coinfection with other diarrhea-causing pathogens in india. | giardia duodenalis, is often seen as an opportunistic pathogen and one of the major food and waterborne parasites. some insights of giardia infestation in a diarrhoea-prone population were investigated in the present study. our primary goal was to understand the interaction of this parasite with other pathogens during infection and to determine some important factors regulating the diarrhoeal disease spectrum of a population. giardia showed a steady rate of occurrence throughout the entire study ... | 2014 | 25009820 |
| regulatory elements involved in the expression of competence genes in naturally transformable vibrio cholerae. | the human pathogen vibrio cholerae normally enters the developmental program of natural competence for transformation after colonizing chitinous surfaces. natural competence is regulated by at least three pathways in this organism: chitin sensing/degradation, quorum sensing and carbon catabolite repression (ccr). the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) receptor protein crp, which is the global regulator of ccr, binds to regulatory dna elements called crp sites when in complex with camp. previo ... | 2014 | 25539806 |
| "non-toxic" proteins of the botulinum toxin complex exert in-vivo toxicity. | the botulinum neurotoxin (bont) causes muscle paralysis and is the most potent toxin in nature. bont is associated with a complex of auxiliary "non-toxic" proteins, which constitute a large-sized toxin complex (l-tc). however, here we report that the "non-toxic" complex of serotype d botulinum l-tc, when administered to rats, exerts in-vivo toxicity on small-intestinal villi. moreover, serotype c and d of the "non-toxic" complex, but not bont, induced vacuole-formation in a rat intestinal epithe ... | 2016 | 27507612 |
| antimicrobial properties of a potential probiotic lactobacillus from thai newborn feces. | probiotics are increasingly used to treat infectious diarrhea and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. many probiotic bacteria are classified in general such as lactobacillus and are able to colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of infants. | 2015 | 26817219 |
| [blood groups - minuses and pluses. do the blood group antigens protect us from infectious diseases?]. | human blood can be divided into groups, which is a method of blood classification based on the presence or absence of inherited erythrocyte surface antigens that can elicit immune response. according to the international society of blood transfusion, there are 341 blood group antigens collected in 35 blood group systems. these antigens can be proteins, glycoproteins or glycosphingolipids, and function as transmembrane transporters, ion channels, adhesion molecules or receptors for other proteins ... | 2015 | 26206987 |
| analysis of gene expression profiles associated with glioma progression. | the present study aimed to investigate changes at the transcript level that are associated with spontaneous astrocytoma progression, and further, to discover novel targets for glioma diagnosis and therapy. gse4290 microarray data downloaded from gene expression omnibus were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (dges) by significant analysis of microarray (sam). the short time series expression miner (stem) method was then applied to class these degs based on their degrees of diffe ... | 2015 | 25845910 |
| alkaloids: an overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. | with reports of pandrug-resistant bacteria causing untreatable infections, the need for new antibacterial therapies is more pressing than ever. alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of compounds that have served as scaffolds for important antibacterial drugs such as metronidazole and the quinolones. in this review, we highlight other alkaloids with development potential. natural, semisynthetic and synthetic alkaloids of all classes are considered, looking first at those with direc ... | 2014 | 25130096 |
| cholera outbreaks in africa. | during the current seventh cholera pandemic, africa bore the major brunt of global disease burden. more than 40 years after its resurgence in africa in 1970, cholera remains a grave public health problem, characterized by large disease burden, frequent outbreaks, persistent endemicity, and high cfrs, particularly in the region of the central african great lakes which might act as reservoirs for cholera. there, cases occur year round with a rise in incidence during the rainy season. elsewhere in ... | 2014 | 24827501 |
| antibacterial and antiviral effectiveness of two household water treatment devices that use monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene. | many different household water treatment (hwt) methods have been researched and promoted to mitigate the serious burden of diarrheal disease in developing countries. however, hwt methods using bromine have not been extensively evaluated. two gravity-fed hwt devices (aquasure™ and waterbird™) were used to test the antimicrobial effectiveness of halopure(®) br beads (monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene) that deliver bromine. as water flows over the beads, reactive bromine species are eluted ... | 2016 | 27959873 |
| emerging trends in the epidemiology of human astrovirus infection among infants, children and adults hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea in kolkata, india. | human astroviruses (hastvs) have now emerged as another common cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis (age) in humans worldwide. this study investigated the epidemiology and genetic diversity of human astrovirus strains circulating among infants, younger children (up to 6 years), older children and adolescents (>6-17 years) and adults (18 years and above) hospitalized for diarrhea and their role in age in kolkata, india. a total of 2535 fecal samples were screened for the presence of known ... | 2012 | 22921731 |
| clinical features of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients presenting with cholera in port-au-prince, haiti. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has been postulated to alter the natural history of cholera, including increased susceptibility to infection, severity of illness, and chronic carriage of vibrio cholerae haiti has a generalized hiv epidemic with an adult hiv prevalence of 1.9% and recently suffered a cholera epidemic. we conducted a prospective study at the cholera treatment center (ctc) of gheskio in haiti to characterize the coinfection. adults admitted at the ctc for acute diarrhe ... | 2016 | 27549637 |
| mucosal vaccination for prevention of hiv infection and aids. | most of hiv infections occur via the genital tract or the rectum and hiv replicates at high levels in lymphoid organs and intestinal mucosa, likely requiring a more diversified immunity than pathogens restricted to a single mucosal site, such as the gastrointestinal tract for vibrio cholera, or the respiratory airways for the influenza virus. | 2016 | 26957199 |
| immunogenicity of the bivalent oral cholera vaccine shanchol in haitian adults with hiv infection. | we evaluated immune responses following bivalent oral cholera vaccination (shanchol [shantha biotechnics]; bivwc) in a cohort of 25 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adults in haiti. compared with adults without hiv infection, vaccination in hiv-infected individuals resulted in lower vibriocidal responses against vibrio cholerae o1, and there was a positive relationship between the cd4(+) t-cell count and vibriocidal responses following vaccination. nevertheless, seroconversion occurre ... | 2015 | 25722294 |
| chemical and antimicrobial studies on the essential oil from salvia santolinifolia boiss. | in view of the reputation of genus salvia in folklore medicine and its abundance in our region, the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from s. santolinifolia boiss. was analyzed. chemical analysis, using gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, retention indices and c-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has resulted in identification of 116 constituents, comprising about 97% of the total constituents. out of these 116, 78 constituents are ... | 2013 | 23261726 |
| isolation, identification, and evaluation of novel probiotic strains isolated from feces of breast-fed infants. | to isolate, identify, and evaluate the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants. | 2016 | 26817236 |
| oral vaccination with lactococcus lactis expressing the vibrio cholerae wzm protein to enhance mucosal and systemic immunity. | a gene associated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) transport was cloned from a local clinical vibrio cholerae o1 strain of the ogawa serotype by using the lactococcus lactis nisin-controlled expression (nice) system. the v. cholerae wzm gene, which codes for an integral membrane transporter protein, was expressed and targeted to the cytoplasmic membrane, and was crudely isolated through simple centrifugation and sds solubilization. to examine seroreactivity of this construct, rabbits were orally fe ... | 2012 | 22426330 |
| the α-hydroxyketone lai-1 regulates motility, lqs-dependent phosphorylation signalling and gene expression of legionella pneumophila. | the causative agent of legionnaires' disease, legionella pneumophila, employs the autoinducer compound lai-1 (3-hydroxypentadecane-4-one) for cell-cell communication. lai-1 is produced and detected by the lqs (legionella quorum sensing) system, comprising the autoinducer synthase lqsa, the sensor kinases lqss and lqst, as well as the response regulator lqsr. lqs-regulated processes include pathogen-host interactions, production of extracellular filaments and natural competence for dna uptake. he ... | 2016 | 26538361 |
| a new pentaplex-nested pcr to detect five pathogenic bacteria in free living amoebae. | changes in water use and anthropogenic activity have major impacts on the quality of natural aquatic ecosystems, water distribution and wastewater plants. one of the main problems is the presence of some pathogenic microorganisms that are resistant to disinfection procedures when they are hosted by free living amoeba and that in many cases are hardly detectable by culture-based procedures. in this work we report a sensitive, low-cost procedure consisting of a pentaplex-nested pcr that allows sim ... | 2013 | 23168310 |
| antibacterial activity of aquatic gliding bacteria. | the study aimed to screen and isolate strains of freshwater aquatic gliding bacteria, and to investigate their antibacterial activity against seven common pathogenic bacteria. submerged specimens were collected and isolated for aquatic gliding bacteria using four different isolation media (dw, ma, sap2, and vy/2). gliding bacteria identification was performed by 16s rrna gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. crude extracts were obtained by methanol extraction. antibacterial activity against ... | 2016 | 26885469 |
| rapid detection of several foodborne pathogens by f0f1-atpase molecular motor biosensor. | f0f1-atpase within chromatophore was constructed as a molecular motor biosensor through ε-subunit antibody-biotin-streptavidin-biotin-ac5-sulfo-osu system. based on probe-dna specific binding, dna of several foodborne pathogens listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae was specifically captured by f0f1-atpase molecular motor biosensors. loads of dna decreased the rotation rate of f0f1-atpase, and led to the decrease of atp synthesis. the detectio ... | 2013 | 23361046 |
| artist: high-resolution genome-wide assessment of fitness using transposon-insertion sequencing. | transposon-insertion sequencing (tis) is a powerful approach for deciphering genetic requirements for bacterial growth in different conditions, as it enables simultaneous genome-wide analysis of the fitness of thousands of mutants. however, current methods for comparative analysis of tis data do not adjust for stochastic experimental variation between datasets and are limited to interrogation of annotated genomic elements. here, we present artist, an accessible tis analysis pipeline for identify ... | 2014 | 25375795 |
| characterization of mdaφ, a temperate filamentous bacteriophage of neisseria meningitidis. | the mechanism by which neisseria meningitidis becomes invasive is not well understood. comparative genomics identified the presence of an 8 kb island in strains belonging to invasive clonal complexes. this island was designated mda for meningococcal disease associated. mda is highly conserved among meningococcal isolates and its analysis revealed a genomic organization similar to that of a filamentous prophage such as ctxφ of vibrio cholerae. subsequent molecular investigations showed that the m ... | 2016 | 26602366 |
| differential effects of intranasal vaccination with recombinant ncpdi in different mouse models of neospora caninum infection. | in this study, mice were vaccinated intranasally with recombinant n. caninum protein disulphide isomerase (ncpdi) emulsified in cholera toxin (ct) or cholera toxin subunit b (ctb) from vibrio cholerae. the effects of vaccination were assessed in the murine nonpregnant model and the foetal infection model, respectively. in the nonpregnant mice, previous results were confirmed, in that intranasal vaccination with recncpdi in ct was highly protective, and low cerebral parasite loads were noted upon ... | 2013 | 23046358 |
| pasteurella multocida toxin: targeting mast cell secretory granules during kiss-and-run secretion. | pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt), a virulence factor of the pathogenic gram-negative bacterium p. multocida, is a 146 kda protein belonging to the a-b class of toxins. once inside a target cell, the a domain deamidates the α-subunit of heterotrimeric g-proteins, thereby activating downstream signaling cascades. however, little is known about how pmt selects and enters its cellular targets. we therefore studied pmt binding and uptake in porcine cultured intestinal mucosal explants to identify su ... | 2016 | 26763205 |
| intracellular plasma membrane guidance of photorhabdus asymbiotica toxin is crucial for cell toxicity. | the bacterial toxin photorhabdus asymbiotica toxin (patox) modifies rho proteins by tyrosine glcnacylation and heterotrimeric gα proteins by deamidation. inactivation of rho proteins results in f-actin disassembly in host cells. here, we analyzed the subcellular distribution of patox and show that the glycosyltransferase domain of patox associates with the negatively charged inner surface of the plasma membrane. localization studies with site-directed mutants, liposome precipitation analysis, li ... | 2015 | 25782990 |
| isolation and characterization of antibacterial compound from a mangrove-endophytic fungus, penicillium chrysogenum mtcc 5108. | microorganisms, especially endophytic fungi that reside in the tissue of living mangrove plants, seem to play a major role in meeting the general demand for new biologically active substances. during the course of screening for biologically active secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms, an antibiotic compound containing an indole and a diketopiperazine moiety was isolated from the culture medium of penicillium chrysogenum, (mtcc 5108), an endophytic fungus on the mangrove plant portere ... | 2012 | 24293720 |
| mechanisms for pseudoalteromonas piscicida-induced killing of vibrios and other bacterial pathogens. | pseudoalteromonas piscicida are gram-negative gammaproteobacteria found in the marine environment. three strains of pigmented p. piscicida were isolated from seawater and partially characterized by inhibition studies, electron microscopy, and proteolytic enzyme production. growth inhibition and death occurred around colonies of p. piscicida on lawns of the naturally-occurring marine pathogens vibrio vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae, photobacterium damselae and shewanella algae inhibi ... | 2017 | 28363962 |
| repair of a bacterial small β-barrel toxin pore depends on channel width. | membrane repair emerges as an innate defense protecting target cells against bacterial pore-forming toxins. here, we report the first paradigm of ca(2+)-dependent repair following attack by a small β-pore-forming toxin, namely, plasmid-encoded phobalysin of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae in striking contrast, vibrio cholerae cytolysin, the closest ortholog of phobalysin, subverted repair. mutational analysis uncovered a role of channel width in toxicity and repair. thus, the replacement ... | 2017 | 28196960 |
| phobalysin, a small β-pore-forming toxin of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae. | photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, an important pathogen of marine animals, may also cause septicemia or hyperaggressive necrotizing fasciitis in humans. we previously showed that hemolysin genes are critical for virulence of this organism in mice and fish. in the present study, we characterized the hlya gene product, a putative small β-pore-forming toxin, and termed it phobalysin p (phlyp), for "photobacterial lysin encoded on a plasmid." phlyp formed stable oligomers and small membrane p ... | 2015 | 26303391 |
| novel bacterial adp-ribosylating toxins: structure and function. | bacterial adp-ribosyltransferase toxins (bartts) transfer adp-ribose to eukaryotic proteins to promote bacterial pathogenesis. in this review, we use prototype bartts, such as diphtheria toxin and pertussis toxin, as references for the characterization of several new bartts from human, insect and plant pathogens, which were recently identified by bioinformatic analyses. several of these toxins, including cholix toxin (chxa) from vibrio cholerae, spya from streptococcus pyogenes, hopu1 from pseud ... | 2014 | 25023120 |
| sialidase, chondroitinase abc, and combination therapy after spinal cord contusion injury. | axon regeneration in the central nervous system is severely hampered, limiting functional recovery. this is in part because of endogenous axon regeneration inhibitors that accumulate at the injury site. therapeutic targeting of these inhibitors and their receptors may facilitate axon outgrowth and enhance recovery. a rat model of spinal cord contusion injury was used to test the effects of two bacterial enzyme therapies that target independent axon regeneration inhibitors, sialidase (vibrio chol ... | 2013 | 22934782 |
| replication and active partition of integrative and conjugative elements (ices) of the sxt/r391 family: the line between ices and conjugative plasmids is getting thinner. | integrative and conjugative elements (ices) of the sxt/r391 family disseminate multidrug resistance among pathogenic gammaproteobacteria such as vibrio cholerae. sxt/r391 ices are mobile genetic elements that reside in the chromosome of their host and eventually self-transfer to other bacteria by conjugation. conjugative transfer of sxt/r391 ices involves a transient extrachromosomal circular plasmid-like form that is thought to be the substrate for single-stranded dna translocation to the recip ... | 2015 | 26061412 |
| biofilm formation and detachment in gram-negative pathogens is modulated by select bile acids. | biofilms are a ubiquitous feature of microbial community structure in both natural and host environments; they enhance transmission and infectivity of pathogens and provide protection from human defense mechanisms and antibiotics. however, few natural products are known that impact biofilm formation or persistence for either environmental or pathogenic bacteria. using the combination of a novel natural products library from the fish microbiome and an image-based screen for biofilm inhibition, we ... | 2016 | 26992172 |
| vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin(ha)/protease: an extracellular metalloprotease with multiple pathogenic activities. | vibrio cholerae of serogroup o1 and o139, the etiological agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, expresses the extracellular zn-dependent metalloprotease hemagglutinin (ha)/protease also reported as vibriolysin. this enzyme is also produced by non-o1/o139 (non-cholera) strains that cause mild, sporadic illness (i.e. gastroenteritis, wound or ear infections). orthologs of ha/protease are present in other members of the vibrionaceae family pathogenic to humans and fish. ha/protease belongs to the ... | 2016 | 26952544 |
| species-dependent hydrodynamics of flagellum-tethered bacteria in early biofilm development. | monotrichous bacteria on surfaces exhibit complex spinning movements. such spinning motility is often a part of the surface detachment launch sequence of these cells. to understand the impact of spinning motility on bacterial surface interactions, we develop a hydrodynamic model of a surface-bound bacterium, which reproduces behaviours that we observe in pseudomonas aeruginosa, shewanella oneidensis and vibrio cholerae, and provides a detailed dictionary for connecting observed spinning behaviou ... | 2016 | 26864892 |
| genetic control of bacterial biofilms. | nearly all bacterial species, including pathogens, have the ability to form biofilms. biofilms are defined as structured ecosystems in which microbes are attached to surfaces and embedded in a matrix composed of polysaccharides, edna, and proteins, and their development is a multistep process. bacterial biofilms constitute a large medical problem due to their extremely high resistance to various types of therapeutics, including conventional antibiotics. several environmental and genetic signals ... | 2016 | 26294280 |
| assembly and stability of salmonella enterica ser. typhi tolc protein in pope and dmpe. | in this work we assessed the suitability of two different lipid membranes for the simulation of a tolc protein from salmonella enterica serovar typhi. the tolc protein family is found in many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria including vibrio cholera and pseudomonas aeruginosa and acts as an outer membrane channel for expulsion of drug and toxin from the cell. in s. typhi, the causative agent for typhoid fever, the tolc outer membrane protein is an antigen for the pathogen. the lipid environment ... | 2014 | 25011632 |
| biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from deep sea bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa jq989348 for antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activity. | pseudomonas aeruginosa (jq989348) was isolated from deep sea water sample and used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps). agnps were confirmed by analyzing surface plasmon resonance using uv-visible spectrophotometer at 420 nm. further scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed the range of particle size between 13 and 76 nm and xrd pattern authorizes the anisotropic crystalline nature of agnps. fourier transform infrared spectrum endorsed the presence of high amount of proteins and ... | 2014 | 24136453 |
| cyclic di-gmp inhibits vibrio cholerae motility by repressing induction of transcription and inducing extracellular polysaccharide production. | cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) controls the transition between sessility and motility in many bacterial species. this regulation is achieved by a variety of mechanisms including alteration of transcription initiation and inhibition of flagellar function. how c-di-gmp inhibits the motility of vibrio cholerae has not been determined. flra, a homologue of the c-di-gmp binding pseudomonas aeruginosa motility regulator fleq, is the master regulator of the v. cholerae flagellar biosynthesis regulon. here we ... | 2013 | 24134710 |
| survival of vibrio cholerae in nutrient-poor environments is associated with a novel "persister" phenotype. | in response to antibiotic and/or environmental stress, some species of bacteria shift to a "persister" phenotype. although toxigenic vibrio cholerae, responsible for the disease cholera, can be found in nutrient-poor aquatic environments in endemic areas, the underlying mechanism(s) by which culturable cells persist in these environmental reservoirs is largely unknown. here we report that introduction of v. cholerae into a nutrient-poor filter sterilized lake water (fslw) microcosm promoted a sh ... | 2012 | 23028836 |
| the archetype pseudomonas aeruginosa proteins tssb and tagj form a novel subcomplex in the bacterial type vi secretion system. | in pseudomonas aeruginosa three type vi secretion systems (t6sss) coexist, called h1- to h3-t6sss. several t6ss components are proposed to be part of a macromolecular complex resembling the bacteriophage tail. the t6ss protein hsie1 (tagj) is unique to the h1-t6ss and absent from the h2- and h3-t6sss. we demonstrate that hsie1 interacts with a predicted n-terminal α-helix in hsib1 (tssb) thus forming a novel subcomplex of the t6ss. hsib1 is homologous to the vibrio cholerae vipa component, which ... | 2012 | 22906320 |
| vibrio cholerae autoinducer cai-1 interferes with pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing and inhibits its growth. | the human pathogen vibrio cholerae uses several small molecules to coordinate gene expression in a process termed quorum sensing (qs), and its main autoinducer is cai-1. we have examined the activity of this signaling molecule in three other species of bacteria. interestingly, while showing an inhibitory effect on qs in the opportunistic pathogen p. aeruginosa at low micromolar concentrations, it caused also growth inhibition at higher concentrations. in contrast, the two other bacteria were una ... | 2012 | 22270383 |
| a silkworm model of pathogenic bacterial infection. | silkworms are invertebrate animals that are killed by bacteria pathogenic against humans, such as staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vibrio cholerae. injection into the hemolymph of antibiotics that are clinically used for human patients abolishes the killing effects. there are several advantages to using silkworms as an infection model, such as low cost, the absence of ethical problems that are associated with the use of mammals, and a body size large eno ... | 2007 | 22504393 |
| the unusual redox properties of c-type oxidases. | cytochrome cbb3 (also known as c-type) oxidases belong to the family of heme-copper terminal oxidases which couple at the end of the respiratory chain the reduction of molecular oxygen into water and the pumping of protons across the membrane. they are expressed most often at low pressure of o2 and they exhibit a low homology of sequence with the cytochrome aa3 (a-type) oxidases found in mitochondria. their binuclear active site comprises a high-spin heme b3 associated with a cub center. the pro ... | 2016 | 27664317 |
| the two transmembrane helices of ccop are sufficient for assembly of the cbb3-type heme-copper oxygen reductase from vibrio cholerae. | the c-family (cbb3) of heme-copper oxygen reductases are proton-pumping enzymes terminating the aerobic respiratory chains of many bacteria, including a number of human pathogens. the most common form of these enzymes contains one copy each of 4 subunits encoded by the cconoqp operon. in the cbb3 from rhodobacter capsulatus, the enzyme is assembled in a stepwise manner, with an essential role played by an assembly protein ccoh. importantly, it has been proposed that a transient interaction betwe ... | 2015 | 26116881 |
| vope, a vibrio cholerae type iii effector, attenuates the activation of cwi-mapk pathway in yeast model system. | vope, a mitochondrial targeting t3ss effector protein of vibrio cholerae, perturbs innate immunity by modulating mitochondrial dynamics. in the current study, ectopic expression of vope was found to be toxic in a yeast model system and toxicity was further aggravated in the presence of various stressors. interestingly, a vope variant lacking predicted mitochondrial targeting sequence (mts) also exhibited partial lethality in the yeast system. with the aid of yeast genetic tools and different str ... | 2017 | 28373966 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone derivatives as antimicrobial agents. | a series of 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone derivatives were efficiently synthesized. their antimicrobial efficacy on gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and yeast were evaluated. among these compounds, most of the halogenated derivatives exhibited the best antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae. the cytotoxicities of these compounds were low as evaluated on hepg2 cells using a cell viability assay. this ... | 2016 | 27210435 |
| using s. cerevisiae as a model system to investigate v. cholerae vopx-host cell protein interactions and phenotypes. | most pathogenic, non-o1/non-o139 serogroup vibrio cholerae strains cause diarrheal disease in the absence of cholera toxin. instead, many use type 3 secretion system (t3ss) mediated mechanisms to disrupt host cell homeostasis. we identified a t3ss effector protein, vopx, which is translocated into mammalian cells during in vitro co-culture. in a s. cerevisiae model system, we found that expression of vopx resulted in a severe growth defect that was partially suppressed by a deletion of rlm1, enc ... | 2015 | 26473925 |
| characterization of prohibitin 1 as a host partner of vibrio vulnificus rtxa1 toxin. | rtxa1 toxin, which results in cytoskeletal rearrangement, contact cytotoxicity, hemolysis, tissue invasion, and lethality in mice, is the most potent cytotoxic virulence factor of vibrio vulnificus. bioinformatics analysis of rtxa1 predicted 4 functional domains that presumably performed discrete functions during host cell killing. v. vulnificus rtxa1 has a unique domain designated as rtxa1-d2, corresponding to amino acids 1951-2574, which is absent in vibrio cholerae multifunctional-autoprocess ... | 2016 | 26136468 |
| cloning of vibrio cholerae outer membrane protein w in pichia pastoris. | the outer membrane protein w (ompw) of vibrio cholerae is involved in stimulating the immune response via induction of protective immunity. it also plays an important role in bacterial pathogenesis by increasing the adaptability of pathogenic strains. in this study we aimed to clone v. cholerae ompw gene in the strain x-33 of pichia pastoris. | 2013 | 24475332 |
| alanine-scanning mutagenesis of wh2 domains of vopf reveals residues important for conferring lethality in a saccharomyces cerevisiae model. | vopf, the type iii effector molecule, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-o1, non-o139 strains of vibrio cholerae. it is a protein of 530 amino acids, comprises of one formin homology 1-like (fh1-like) domain and three wasp homology 2 (wh2) domains. previous works have demonstrated that wh2 domains are crucial for vopf function as a modulator of cellular actin homeostasis. furthermore, domain deletion analysis also suggests that vopf variant constituted with only wh2 domain 3 is more ... | 2013 | 23680644 |
| antibiotic resistant salmonella and vibrio associated with farmed litopenaeus vannamei. | salmonella and vibrio species were isolated and identified from litopenaeus vannamei cultured in shrimp farms. shrimp samples showed occurrence of 3.3% of salmonella and 48.3% of vibrio. the isolates were also screened for antibiotic resistance to oxolinic acid, sulphonamides, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, norfloxacin, ampicillin, doxycycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin. salmonella enterica serovar corvallis isolated from shrimp showed individu ... | 2012 | 22619583 |