Publications

acetone formation in the vibrio family: a new pathway for bacterial leucine catabolism.	there is current interest in biological sources of acetone, a volatile organic compound that impacts atmospheric chemistry. here, we determined that leucine-dependent acetone formation is widespread in the vibrionaceae. sixteen vibrio isolates, two listonella species, and two photobacterium angustum isolates produced acetone in the presence of l-leucine. shewanella isolates produced much less acetone. growth of vibrio splendidus and p. angustum in a fermentor with controlled aeration revealed th ...	1999	10601206
[structural approach to simulating the population dynamics of unstable recombinant strains of bacteria containing multicopy plasmids].		1999	10613258
a region of the transmembrane regulatory protein toxr that tethers the transcriptional activation domain to the cytoplasmic membrane displays wide divergence among vibrio species.	the virulence regulatory protein toxr of vibrio cholerae is unique in that it contains a cytoplasmic dna-binding-transcriptional activation domain, a transmembrane domain, and a periplasmic domain. although toxr and other transmembrane transcriptional activators have been discovered in other bacteria, little is known about their mechanism of activation. utilizing degenerate oligonucleotides and pcr, we have amplified internal toxr gene sequences from seven vibrio and photobacterium species and s ...	2000	10629204
evaluation of acute toxicity and genotoxicity of liquid products from pyrolysis of eucalyptus grandis wood.	slow pyrolysis of eucalyptus grandis wood was performed in an oven laboratory, and smoke was trapped and condensed to yield liquid products. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and phenolic fractions were isolated from the former liquid products using adsorption column chromatography (acc) and identified by gc/ms. concentrations of pah and phenolic fractions in total pyrolysis liquids were respectively 48.9 microg/g and 8.59% (w/w). acute toxicity of total samples of pyrolysis liquids and th ...	2000	10629278
presence of phospholipase-d (dly) gene coding for damselysin production is not a pre-requisite for pathogenicity in photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.	the presence of the phospholipase-d (dly) gene as pre-requisite for virulence of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae for poikilotherm and homoiotherm animals was investigated in a total of 17 strains isolated from fish, shellfish, mammals and seawater. with this aim, we developed two pcr protocols. a simple pcr using primers flanking the almost complete dly gene, and a multiplex-pcr using two sets of primers directed to internal fragments of the dly and 16s rrna genes. only six of the 17 ph. ...	2000	10644497
invasion of fish epithelial cells by photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida: evidence for receptor specificity, and effect of capsule and serum.	photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is a fish pathogen which causes serious disease in commercial warmwater fish species. because information on the initial stages of the infection is scarce, an investigation of the invasion ability of this pathogen was undertaken utilizing a fish epithelial cell line (epithelioma papillosum carpio, epc), a virulent capsulated strain of p. damselae (mt1415), an avirulent non-capsulated strain of p. damselae (epoy-8803-ii) and escherichia coli hb101 as a non ...	2000	10658648
fabf is required for piezoregulation of cis-vaccenic acid levels and piezophilic growth of the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum strain ss9.	to more fully explore the role of unsaturated fatty acids in high-pressure, low-temperature growth, the fabf gene from the psychrotolerant, piezophilic deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum strain ss9 was characterized and its role and regulation were examined. an ss9 strain harboring a disruption in the fabf gene (strain ea40) displayed growth impairment at elevated hydrostatic pressure concomitant with diminished cis-vaccenic acid (18:1) production. however, growth ability at elevated pr ...	2000	10671446
properties of the bimodal fluorescent protein produced by photobacterium phosphoreum.	a fluorescent protein isolated from the deep-sea luminous bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum strain bmfp has been purified, cloned and sequenced. the protein is 96.5% identical in amino acid sequence to fp390, the weakly fluorescent flavoprotein encoded by the luxf gene characteristic of photobacterium species. similar to fp390, bmfp is a dimer of two homologous subunits binding four fmn-myristate chromophores but has the distinctive feature of emitting a bimodal fluorescence with maxima at ab ...	2000	10687399
activities of the bimodal fluorescent protein produced by photobacterium phosphoreum strain bmfp in the luciferase reaction in vitro.	the activity of the bimodal fluorescent protein (bmfp) (lambda max, 488 and 517 nm) in the in vitro luciferase reaction has been studied. the bmfp that is produced by photobacterium phosphoreum strain bmfp is a dimer of two homologous subunits binding four riboflavin 5'-phosphate (fmn)-myristate chromophores. the addition of bmfp to the luciferase reaction in the presence of the lumazine protein prevented the lumazine protein-induced blue shift in the emission band. the bmfp reduced electrochemi ...	2000	10687400
necrotizing fasciitis due to photobacterium damsela in a man lashed by a stingray.		2000	10722346
evidence that water transmits the disease caused by the fish pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.	the transmission through water of the disease caused by the fish pathogen, photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, as well as the role of the skin mucus in the initial steps of the infection, have been studied. all tested strains resisted the bactericidal activity of the mucus and showed an ability to adhere to it, but only those virulent by the intraperitoneal route were infective through water. moribund fishes showed the typical signs of the disease: haemorrhaged areas on the body surface and ...	2000	10747234
prediction and qsar analysis of toxicity to photobacterium phosphoreum for a group of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds.		2000	10757653
application of aflp for taxonomic and epidemiological studies of photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.	a collection of 106 photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strains and 19 photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae strains, including reference and type strains, were genetically characterized using aflp. the total genomic dna of each bacterial strain was digested using restriction endonucleases hindiii and taqi. using numerical analysis, six clusters were recognized. the largest cluster (n = 106) contained the majority of the strains tested and consisted exclusively of photobacterium damselae ...	2000	10843040
photobacterium histaminum okuzumi et al. 1994 is a later subjective synonym of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (love et al. 1981) smith et al. 1991.	the type strain of photobacterium histaminum, jcm 8968t (= atcc 51805t), and that of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, atcc 33539t, exhibit 100% identity in their 16s rrna sequence, more than 80% dna-dna homology and only one phenotypic difference. also, like p. histaminum, p. damselae subsp. damselae was shown to excrete a large amount of histamine when cells were grown on medium containing excessive histidine under acidic conditions. therefore, the name p. histaminum should be considere ...	2000	10843080
multiplex pcr assay for urec and 16s rrna genes clearly discriminates between both subspecies of photobacterium damselae.	a multiplex-pcr approach, employing 2 primer pairs directed to internal regions of the 16s rrna and urec genes, was utilized to analyze a collection of photobacterium damselae strains, including 25 isolates of subspecies piscicida and 15 isolates of subspecies damselae. with this procedure, all the p. damselae subsp. damselae strains yielded 2 amplification products, one of 267 bp and the other of 448 bp, corresponding to internal fragments of the 16s rrna and urec genes, respectively. however, ...	2000	10843555
role of the tertiary and quaternary structures in the stability of dimeric copper, zinc superoxide dismutases.	the equilibrium unfolding process of human cu,zn superoxide dismutase has been quantitatively monitored through circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy as a function of increasing guanidinium hydrochloride concentration. the process occurs through the formation of a monomeric intermediate species following a three-state transition equilibrium. comparison with the stability of the prokaryotic cu,zn sod from p. leiognathi shows that the eukaryotic enzyme is more stable than the prokaryoti ...	2000	10845696
single mutation induces a metal-dependent subunit association in dimeric cu,zn superoxide dismutase.	tryptophan 83, a residue strongly involved in the intersubunit interaction of the cu,zn superoxide dismutases from photobacterium leiognathi, has been selectively mutated to phenylalanine or tyrosine. the recombinant mutant enzymes expressed in escherichia coli were purified in two well distinct and stable forms, one dimeric and fully active and the other monomeric and devoid of metals. in agreement, in vitro experiments indicate that the removal and addition of zinc in the mutant enzymes induce ...	2000	10872806
ecotoxicological assessment of two pulp mill effluent, biobio river basin, chile.		2000	10885995
specific detection of p-chlorobenzoic acid by escherichia coli bearing a plasmid-borne fcba'::lux fusion.	in this communication we report on a genetically engineered bacterium that reacts by light emission to the presence of 4-chlorobenzoic acid. to construct this strain, dna fragment (1.7 kb) upstream from the 4-chlorobenzoic acid dehalogenase (fcb) operon of arthrobacter su was fused to vibriofischeri luxcdabe genes. an escherichia coli strain transformed with a multi-copy plasmid (pasu) bearing this fusion responded to the presence of 4-chlorobenzoic acid and a few closely related compounds by in ...	1999	10901680
beta-cyclodextrin(beta-cd) influence on the biotoxicities of substituted benzene compounds and pesticide intermediates.	the acute toxicities of 19 substituted benzene compounds and intermediates of pesticides to photobacterium phosphoreum in beta-cd aqueous solution (5 g/l) were studied and compared with those in water through luminescent bacteria toxicity test, and 15min-ec50 values were obtained. the presence of beta-cd significantly reduce biotoxicities of the low-polarity compounds, while for the higher-polarity compounds, such effect was slight. the differences of biotoxicities were correlated with log10kow ...	1999	10903103
microbial adaptations to the psychrosphere/piezosphere.	low temperature and high pressure deep-sea environments occupy the largest fraction of the biosphere. nevertheless, the molecular adaptations that enable life to exist under these conditions remain poorly understood. this article will provide an overview of the current picture on high pressure adaptation in cold oceanic environments, with an emphasis on genetic experiments performed on photobacterium profundum. thus far genes which have been found or implicated as important for pressure-sensing ...	1999	10941790
ecotoxicological experiences on lemna minor test system.	are plants generally less sensitive to toxicity than aquatic animals as indicated by some authors (1)? the use of phytotoxicity (higher plant) tests as a part of ecotoxicology is relatively underdeveloped. the objective of this study was to compare the results of the oecd lemna growth inhibition test with other mainly used test systems. three toxicants were tested applying the alga growth inhibition test (seleneastrum capricornutum), the daphnia immobilization test (daphnia magna) and the microt ...	2000	10943492
functional and crystallographic characterization of salmonella typhimurium cu,zn superoxide dismutase coded by the sodci virulence gene.	the functional and three-dimensional structural features of cu,zn superoxide dismutase coded by the salmonella typhimurium sodci gene, have been characterized. measurements of the catalytic rate indicate that this enzyme is the most efficient superoxide dismutase analyzed so far, a feature that may be related to the exclusive association of the sodci gene with the most pathogenic salmonella serotypes. the enzyme active-site copper ion is highly accessible to external probes, as indicated by quen ...	2000	10970746
molecular fingerprinting of strains of yersinia ruckeri serovar o1 and photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida isolated in italy.	we studied the ribotypes, patterns of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and interspersed repeated sequences (irs)-pcr of 30 strains of yersinia ruckeri o1 and 20 strains of photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida isolated from apparently unrelated epizootic outbreaks occurring on italian fish farms between 1993 and 1999. all of the y. ruckeri o1 strains had similar profiles, as demonstrated by all three typing methods, thus confirming the clonal structure of this species. the strains of p. ...	2000	10973701
[effect of quinones on enzymatic bioluminescence of nadh-dependent systems].	the effects of a number of quinones on the bioluminescence characteristics of a three-component enzymatic system containing alcohol dehydrogenase, bacterial luciferase, and nadh-fmn oxidoreductase were studied to find the most sensitive kinetic parameters of the system intended to be used in biological testing. both direct and back reactions catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase were studied in the presence and in the absence of quinones. the kinetic parameters of the bioluminescent system were fou ...	2000	10994199
application of bacterins and yeast acremonium dyosporii to protect the larvae of macrobrachium rosenbergii from vibriosis.		2000	11016590
hyperactivity and interactions of a chimeric myristoryl-acp thioesterase from the lux system of luminescent bacteria.	a chimeric myristoyl-acp thioesterase with much higher catalytic efficiency than the parental enzymes has been generated by ligating the n-terminal half of the lux-specific thioesterase (luxd) from photobacterium phosphoreum with the c-terminal half of luxd from vibrio harveyi. the luxd chimera had the same rate-limiting step and specificity, but cleaved esters and thioesters over eight times faster than the native enzymes. luxd, along with acyl-protein synthetase (luxe) and reductase (luxc), co ...	2000	11018714
an evaluation of the toxicity of contaminated sediments from waukegan harbor, illinois, following remediation.	waukegan harbor in illinois was designated as a great lakes area of concern due to high concentrations of sediment-associated polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of 20 sediment samples collected after remediation (primarily dredging) of waukegan harbor for pcbs. a 42-day whole sediment toxicity test with the amphipod hyalella azteca (28-day sediment exposure followed by a 14-day reproductive phase) and sediment toxicity tests with microtox(r ...	2000	11031305
single mutation at the intersubunit interface confers extra efficiency to cu,zn superoxide dismutase.	the val28-->gly single mutant at the subunit interface of cu,zn superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi displays a k(cat)/k(m) value of 1.7x10(10) m(-1) s(-1), twice that of the native enzyme. analysis of the three-dimensional structure indicates that the active site cu,zn center is not perturbed, slight structural deviations being only localized in proximity of the mutation site. the enzyme-substrate association rate, calculated by brownian dynamics simulation, is identical for both ...	2000	11033348
existence of two geographically-linked clonal lineages in the bacterial fish pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida evidenced by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.	in this work, we applied the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique to evaluate the genetic diversity in photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (formerly pasteurella piscicida), an important pathogen for different marine fish. regardless of the oligonucleotide primer employed, the 29 isolates of ph. damselae subsp. piscicida tested were separated into two groups, the rapd-pcr analysis differentiated the european strains from the japanese strains. the similarity between both groups e ...	2000	11057980
[mathematical modeling of population dynamics of unstable plasmid-containing bacteria during continuous cultivation in a chemostat].	a structural approach to studying the regularities of the population dynamics of unstable recombinant bacterial strains in a chemostat was elaborated. the approach is based on the mathematical modeling of cell distribution in a population with different numbers of plasmid copies. the effect of decreased selective preference of plasmidless variants of the recombinant strain in the chemostat, which is related to a decrease in the number of plasmid copies in cells upon long-term incubation was anal ...	2000	11094722
characterization of chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance in escherichia coli associated with bovine diarrhea.	florfenicol, a veterinary fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol, is approved for treatment of bovine respiratory pathogens in the united states. however, florfenicol resistance has recently emerged among veterinary escherichia coli isolates incriminated in bovine diarrhea. the flo gene, which confers resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol, has previously been identified in photobacterium piscicida and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. the flo gene product is closely related to ...	2000	11101601
[study of the integral toxicity of aqueous media, polluted by petroleum and petroleum products using bacterial tests].	a biotest kit was used to assess the integral toxicity level of aquatic medium contamination with petroleum and petroleum-based products. the integral toxicity dynamics was also monitored during biodegradation of petroleum and petroleum-based products by an association of petroleum-degrading strains including acinetobacter sp., mycobacterium flavescens, and rhodococcus sp. the following bacterial tests were used: the bioluminescence (bl) test based on photobacterium leiognathi; electro-orientati ...	2000	11116909
the effect of biogenic amine production by single bacterial cultures and metabiosis on cold-smoked salmon.	biogenic amines are important indicators of spoilage in vacuum-packed cold-smoked salmon. it is the aim of this study to identify bacteria responsible for biogenic amine production in cold-smoked salmon.	2000	11123465
rna arbitrarily primed pcr survey of genes regulated by toxr in the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum strain ss9.	we are currently investigating the role of toxr-mediated gene regulation in photobacterium profundum strain ss9. ss9 is a moderately piezophilic ("pressure loving") psychrotolerant marine bacterium belonging to the family vibrionaceae. in vibrio cholerae, toxr is a transmembrane dna binding protein involved in mediating virulence gene expression in response to various environmental signals. a homolog to v. cholerae toxr that is necessary for pressure-responsive gene expression of two outer membr ...	2001	11160100
the genetic basis for emerging antibiotic resistance in veterinary pathogens.		2000	11193690
fate and effect of monoalkyl quaternary ammonium surfactants in the aquatic environment.	the effect of the alkyl chain of quaternary ammonium-based surfactants on their aquatic toxicity and aerobic biodegradability has been studied. two families of monoalkylquats surfactants were selected: alkyl trimethyl ammonium and alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium halides. acute toxicity tests on daphnia magna and photobacterium phosphoreum were carried out and ec50 values in the range of 0.1-1 mg/l were obtained for the two series of cationic surfactants. although the substitution of a benzyl grou ...	2001	11202711
anaerobic respiratory growth of vibrio harveyi, vibrio fischeri and photobacterium leiognathi with trimethylamine n-oxide, nitrate and fumarate: ecological implications.	two symbiotic species, photobacterium leiognathi and vibrio fischeri, and one non-symbiotic species, vibrio harveyi, of the vibrionaceae were tested for their ability to grow by anaerobic respiration on various electron acceptors, including trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) and dimethylsulphoxide (dmso), compounds common in the marine environment. each species was able to grow anaerobically with tmao, nitrate or fumarate, but not with dmso, as an electron acceptor. cell growth under microaerophilic ...	2000	11234928
improved agar diffusion method for detecting residual antimicrobial agents.	the improved agar diffusion method for determination of residual antimicrobial agents was investigated, and the sensitivities of various combinations of test organisms and assay media were determined using 7 organisms, 5 media, and 31 antimicrobial agents. bacillus stearothermophilus and synthetic assay medium (sam) showed the greatest sensitivity for screening penicillins (penicillin g and ampicillin). the combination of bacillus subtilis and minimum medium (mm) was the most sensitive for tetra ...	2001	11252480
large-scale production of the carbohydrate portion of the sialyl-tn epitope, alpha-neup5ac-(2-->6)-d-galpnac, through bacterial coupling.	alpha-neup5ac-(2-->6)-d-galpnac, the carbohydrate portion of sialyl-tn epitope of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, was prepared by a whole-cell reaction through the combination of recombinant escherichia coli strains and corynebacterium ammoniagenes. two recombinant e. coli strains overexpressed the cmp-neup5ac biosynthetic genes and the alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferase gene of photobacterium damsela. c. ammoniagenes contributed to the production of utp from orotic acid. alpha-neup5ac-( ...	2001	11269395
the gill is a major organ for antibody secreting cell production following direct immersion of sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax, l.) in a photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida bacterin: an ontogenetic study.	extremely high numbers of antibody secreting cells (asc) were observed in the gills of sea bass fry immunised at three different age/sizes (initial weight of 0.1, 2 and 5 g) by direct immersion in a photobacterium damselae spp. piscicida bacterin. the relatively low asc production in the head kidney and spleen suggests that the systemic compartment was only slightly stimulated upon immersion vaccination. there was no response of corresponding magnitude in the gut as the one observed in the gills ...	2001	11271603
single mutations at the subunit interface modulate copper reactivity in photobacterium leiognathi cu,zn superoxide dismutase.	the functional properties and x-ray structures of five mutant forms of photobacterium leiognathi cu,zn superoxide dismutase carrying single mutations at residues located at the dimer association interface have been investigated. when compared to the wild-type enzyme, the three-dimensional structures of the mutants show structural perturbations limited to the proximity of the mutation sites and substantial identity of active site geometry. nonetheless, the catalytic rates of all mutants, measured ...	2001	11327787
leaching of toluene-neoprene adhesive wastes.	this work consists of the study of the extraction of solvent (toluene) from a polymeric (neoprene) substrate during a leaching process. total organic carbon (toc) is the main contaminant parameter in the leaching of these systems due to the solution of the toluene and the dispersion of the polymer. the toxicity of the extracts was measured with a microtox equipment, using photobacteria phosphoreum, deducing that the toxicity of the extracts is low due to the low solubility of toluene but that th ...	2001	11351545
identification of surfactant degradation products as toxic organic compounds present in sewage sludge.	a cost-effective strategy combining chemical analysis and bioassays for the identification of polar toxic compounds in sewage sludge is reported. toxalert 100 bioluminescence inhibition assay was used in combination with chemical analysis involving extraction, clean-up, chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry detection. this methodology was applied to real samples of sludge from three wastewater treatment plants (wwtp) located in catalonia (spain) during a 3 month period. in the first s ...	2001	11354738
[mineral salt-dependent inhibition of light emission from the luminescent microorganism escherichia coli z9051].	the influence of some mineral salts on the recombinant strain escherichia coli z9051 was investigated. it was shown that the composition (nacl, na2so4, mgcl2 and mgso4) and concentration (5 and 10%) of the salts substantially affect the expression of genes for the luminescence system of light-emitting bacteria cloned in the plasmid under the control of the lac-promoter. in some cases, the luminescence level of the microorganism in the presence of salts was similar to the luminescence level under ...	2001	11357338
["quorum sensing", or how bacteria "talk" to each other].	recent advances in studying the quorum-sensing systems, which regulate gene expression depending on population density, are reviewed. low-molecular-weight acyl derivatives of l-homoserine lactone (n-ahl) freely diffuse through cell membranes and determine cell-to-cell communications in bacteria. the quorum-sensing systems have first been found to regulate bioluminescence in marine bacteria photobacterium (vibrio) fischeri and vibrio harveyi. such systems are widespread and control expression of ...	2001	11357409
dynamics-function correlation in cu, zn superoxide dismutase: a spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulation study.	a single mutation (val29-->gly) at the subunit interface of a cu, zn superoxide dismutase dimer leads to a twofold increase in the second order catalytic rate, when compared to the native enzyme, without causing any modification of the structure or the electric field distribution. to check the role of dynamic processes in this catalytic enhancement, the flexibility of the dimeric protein at the subunit interface region has been probed by the phosphorescence and fluorescence properties of the uni ...	2001	11371434
electron microscopic evidence that expression of capsular polysaccharide by photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is dependent on iron availability and growth phase.	the expression of capsular polysaccharide (cps) by the fish pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida was analysed in the virulent strain di 21 in relation to the growth phase and presence or absence of available iron in the culture medium. bacterial cells were processed for electron microscopy by a procedure that improves visualisation of the capsule through stabilisation with polycationic ferritin, and electron micrographs of ultrathin sections were scanned with an acquired computerise ...	2001	11383572
riboflavin synthesis genes ribe, ribb, ribh, riba reside in the lux operon of photobacterium leiognathi.	nucleotide sequence of the riboflavin synthesis genes ribe, ribb, ribh, riba (genbank accession no. af364106) resided in the lux operon of photobacterium leiognathi pl741 has been determined, and the amino acid sequences of riboflavin synthetase (ribe), dhbp synthetase (ribb), lumazine synthetase (ribh), gtp cyclohydrolase ii (riba) encoded by the riboflavin synthesis genes are deduced. nucleotide sequence reveals that the ribe gene encodes the riboflavin synthetase responsible for converting lu ...	2001	11396941
upper electron-excited states in bioluminescence: experimental indication.	the involvement of upper electron-excited states in bacterial bioluminescence process was studied with excitation energy-accepting molecules. the fluorescent aromatic compounds, anthracene and 1.4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)benzene, were chosen. energies of their lowest excited singlet states are higher than the energy of the analogous state of the bioluminescence emitter; their absorption spectra and bioluminescence do not overlap. hence, the excitation of these molecules by singlet-singlet energy ...	2001	11400262
dynamic features of the subunit interface of cu,zn superoxide dismutase as probed by tryptophan phosphorescence.	as part of the more general inquiry on the molecular basis of specific recognition between macromolecules, the subunit-subunit interface structure of dimeric superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi has been probed selectively by the phosphorescence emission of trp-73, located at the subunit contact region. copper at the catalytic site was found to quench completely the delayed emission and therefore all studies were conducted with the copper-free or cd(2+)-substituted protein. the sp ...	2001	11414691
kinetics of juvenile sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax, l.) systemic and mucosal antibody secreting cell response to different antigens (photobacterium damselae spp. piscicida, vibrio anguillarum and dnp).	the elispot assay was used to measure the number of specific antibody secreting cells (asc) induced during the primary and secondary immune responses in the spleen, head kidney and gut of juvenile (5 g) sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) to bacterial (vibrio anguillarum and photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida) and hapten dinitrophenyl-conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (dnp-klh) antigens administered intraperitoneally. high variability among individuals was observed at each sampling day. a ...	2001	11417719
characterisation of volatile compounds produced by bacteria isolated from the spoilage flora of cold-smoked salmon.	this study investigated the volatile compounds produced by bacteria belonging to nine different bacterial groups: lactobacillus sake, l. farciminis, l. alimentarius, carnobacterium piscicola, aeromonas sp., shewanella putrefaciens, brochothrix thermosphacta, photobacterium phosphoreum and enterobacteriaceae isolated from cold-smoked salmon. each bacterial group was represented by several strains. in addition, combinations of the groups were examined as well. sterile blocks of cold-smoked salmon ...	2001	11428576
[modification of the photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test method].	in order to reduce the variation of photobacterium phosphoreum luminous intensity during testing, the photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test was modified by a correction factor, piacetone, in this paper. the effects of magnetic stirring time, culture time, culture generation and culture temperature on the measured results were discussed. the modified method had good laboratory repeatability and the relative standard deviation (rsd) was between 2.1% and 13.1%. reliable data could be obtained us ...	2001	11432056
the acute toxicity of alpha-branched phenylsulfonyl acetates in photobacterium phosphoreum test.	the acute toxicity (15-min ec(50)) of 20 alpha-substituted phenylsulfonyl acetates was measured using the microtox test with photobacterium phosphoreum. on the basis of tlser, quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsars) were calculated for the inhibition of bioluminescence. with the parameters molecular volume (v(mc)), dipolarity/polarizability (pi*), and the covalent contribution to lewis basicity (epsilon(b)), a squared correlation coefficient (r(2)(adj)) of 0.868 and standard error ...	2001	11440477
biodegradation of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters: evaluation of the final biodegradability and ecotoxicological impact of degradation intermediates.	the biological degradation behaviour of the aliphatic-aromatic copolyester ecoflex was investigated with regard to the degree of degradation and the intermediates formed during the degradation process. the individual thermophilic strain thermomonospora fusca, isolated from compost material, was used for the degradation experiments in a defined synthetic medium at 55 degrees c. after 22 days of degradation more than 99.9% of the polymer had depolymerized and with regard to the degradation of the ...	2001	11444312
characterization of alanine and malate dehydrogenases from a marine psychrophile strain pa-43.	alanine dehydrogenase (aladh: ec 1.4.1.1), malate dehydrogenase (mdh: ec 1.1.1.37), and glutamate dehydrogenase (ec 1.4.1.2), all nad+ dependent, were detected in extracts from a psychrophilic bacterium, strain pa-43, isolated from a sea urchin off the icelandic coast. characterization tests suggested that the strain had a close relationship to vibrio, but sequencing of part of the 16s rdna gene placed the bacterium among shewanella species in a constructed phylogenetic tree. the bacterium had a ...	2001	11453464
vibrio lentus sp. nov., isolated from mediterranean oysters.	twelve phenotypically similar marine bacteria have been studied by means of ribotyping, dna-dna hybridization and cultural and physiological characterization. phylogenetic analysis has been performed of the 16s and 23s rrna genes of two representative strains. phylogenetically, they belong to the vibrio/photobacterium branch of the gamma-proteobacteria and they share all of the properties that define the genus vibrio. the strains represent a new vibrio species that is phenotypically similar to v ...	2001	11491345
kinetic analysis of bacterial bioluminescence in water-organic media.	the interaction of luciferases from two types of luminous bacteria, photobacterium leiognathi and vibrio harveyi, with their substrates [the photorecovered fmnh2 and long-chain aldehydes--decanal (c10), dodecanal (c12) and tetradecanal (c14)] in water-organic media was analysed using kinetic graphical methods. moderate concentrations of organic solvents have been demonstrated to activate the bioluminescence, while higher concentrations inhibit it. the interactions of these effectors with lucifer ...	2001	11512142
cement for stabilisation of industrial residues containing heavy metals.	a method aimed at decreasing the toxicity of heavy metals [namely, zn(ii) and cr(iii)] in real polluted residues by immobilisation has been developed. the residues were processed either with two cement-type stabilisers or lime. the cement-type stabilisers were portland cement and depocrete sm/2 at the self-generated ph (ca. 11) which afforded physical as well as chemical potential for the immobilisation of heavy metals. the other stabiliser, lime, reduced organic compounds, thus favouring the de ...	1999	11529190
modelling of genetically engineered microorganisms introduction in closed artificial microcosms.	the possibility of introducing genetically engineered microorganisms (gem) into simple biotic cycles of laboratory water microcosms was investigated. the survival of the recombinant strain escherichia coli z905 (apr, lux+) in microcosms depends on the type of model ecosystems. during the absence of algae blooming in the model ecosystem, the part of plasmid-containing cells e. coli decreased fast, and the structure of the plasmid was also modified. in conditions of algae blooming (ankistrodesmus ...	1999	11542542
assessing chemical toxicity with the bioluminescent photobacterium (vibrio fischeri): a comparison of three commercial systems.	the inhibition of light emitted by the bioluminescent bacterium, vibrio fischeri, is the basis for several toxicity bioassays. the inhibitory effects of 81 chemicals, after 5 min contact time, were studied at eight concentrations using reagents from three commercial assay systems (toxalert 10, microtox and lumistox). solubility in water was the limiting factor in determining the selection of chemicals for study. the effective nominal concentrations (ec) resulting in 20, 50 and 80% inhibition wer ...	2001	11547867
[effect of anaerobic acidification treatment on nitrogen removal and toxicity reduction of coke plant wastewater].	coke plant wastewater was treated by anaerobic acidification-anoxic-aerobic (a1-a2-o) biofilm process and anoxic-aerobic (a/o) biofilm process respectively. toxicity reduction effects of the two processes were compared. the toxicity of coke plant wastewater was equal to that of mercury chloride with concentration of 0.19 mg/l. its toxicity reduction was related to the removal of organic nitrogen. anaerobic acidification unit acted an important role on removal of both organic nitrogen and reducti ...	2001	11569122
[studies on fugu (globefish) tetrodotoxin over one century].	one century has passed since fugu toxin was first named tetrodotoxin by tahara. chemical problems such as crystallization of tetrodotoxin, followed by structure determination by the research groups headed by tsuda, hirata, woodward, and mosher, and its subsequent synthesis by kishi have been solved. in the last 10 years, research on the distribution of tetrodotoxin in nature has shown that tetrodotoxin is not produced by fugu fish, but rather is formed by sea bacteria such as vibrio, alteromonas ...	1994	11613510
vibrio fischeri outer membrane protein ompu plays a role in normal symbiotic colonization.	the nascent light-emitting organ of newly hatched juveniles of the hawaiian sepiolid squid euprymna scolopes is specifically colonized by cells of vibrio fischeri that are obtained from the ambient seawater. the mechanisms that promote this specific, cooperative colonization are likely to require a number of bacterial and host-derived factors and activities, only some of which have been described to date. a characteristic of many host-pathogen associations is the presence of bacterial mechanisms ...	2001	11673429
expression of cloned genes of transgenic microorganisms introduced into man-made ecosystems.	modeling of transgenic microorganism introduction into small man-made ecosystems can help forecast changes in expression of cloned genes under different conditions of existence. introduction of the e. coli z905/pphl7 strain containing a plasmid with luminescent system genes of luminous bacteria led to changes in cell and colony morphology, reduction in metabolic activity of cells, and, as a result, a lower level of expression of cloned gene. a low concentration of nutrients has been shown to fav ...	2001	11695439
kinetics of light emission and oxygen consumption by bioluminescent bacteria.	oxygen plays a key role in bacterial bioluminescence. the simultaneous and continuous kinetics of oxygen consumption and light emission during a complete exhaustion of the exogenous oxygen present in a closed system has been investigated. the kinetics are performed with vibrio fischeri, v. harveyi, and photobacterium phosphoreum incubated on respiratory substrates chosen for their different reducing power. the general patterns of the luminescence time courses are different among species but not ...	2001	11710810
development of quantitative structure activity relationships in toxicity prediction of complex mixtures.	to predict the toxicity of mixtures of halogenated benzenes (narcotics).	2001	11730561
characterization of the binding of photobacterium phosphoreum p-flavin by vibrio harveyi luciferase.	the isolated photobacterium phosphoreum luciferase is associated with a bound flavin designated p-flavin and tentatively identified as 6-(3"-myristic acid)-fmn. since fmn and myristic acid are products of the normal luciferase reaction, we explored the possibility that p-flavin can also be bound by luciferase from other luminous bacteria and serve as an active site probe. p-flavin has never been detected in vibrio harveyi cells. we found that the v. harveyi luciferase binds p. phosphoreum p-flav ...	2001	11747297
[photobacterium phosphoreum assay on the toxicity of soil contaminated by heavy metals].	the toxicity of soil artificially contaminated by heavy metals was assessed with photobacterium phosphoreum. the results showed that the duration of optimum balance was 24 hours, and that of optimum extraction was 2 hours. two leaching methods were compared, and data showed that optimum leaching solvent was hydrocarbon chloride with a concentration of 0.1 mol.l-1 hcl. dose-response curve indicated that the content of heavy metals was positively related with the toxicity of soil. the general dete ...	2001	11758433
the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of surface water and wastewater effluents as determined by bioluminescence, umu-assays and selected biomarkers.	two bacterial tests employing photobacterieum phosphoreum (microtox bioluminescence test) and salmonella typhimurium ta 1535 psk1002 (umu-assay) were evaluated to estimate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of water samples from the selected rivers in germany as well as the primary and secondary effluents of some sewage treatment plants. rainbow trout (onchorynchus mykiss) were exposed to different concentrations (20-40%) of secondary effluent in the model online aquatic monitoring plant wabo ...	2002	11827279
variation of toxicity during the ozonation of monochlorophenolic solutions.	this study investigates the variation of toxicity during ozonation of 2-chlorophenol (2-cp), 3-chlorophenol (3-cp) and 4-chlorophenol (4-cp) in neutral condition. acute toxicity of pure chlorophenols (cps) and their ozonated intermediates was evaluated by microtox assay. the results revealed that the intermediates of oxidized cps induced new toxicity during the early stage of ozonation, and the ozonated 2-cp showed higher degree of toxicity increase than 3-cp and 4-cp. the maximum toxicity norma ...	2002	11846283
antimicrobial effect of essential oils on the seafood spoilage micro-organism photobacterium phosphoreum in liquid media and fish products.	to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of nine essential oils (eo) on p. phosphoreum and determine the effect of oregano oil on the shelf-life of modified atmosphere-packed (map) cod fillets.	2002	11849488
nad(p)h:flavin mononucleotide oxidoreductase inactivation during 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene reduction.	bacteria readily transform 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt), a contaminant frequently found at military bases and munitions production facilities, by reduction of the nitro group substituents. in this work, the kinetics of nitroreduction were investigated by using a model nitroreductase, nad(p)h:flavin mononucleotide (fmn) oxidoreductase. under mediation by nad(p)h:fmn oxidoreductase, tnt rapidly reacted with nadh to form 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, wher ...	2002	11916686
emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, toxicity, and mutagenicity from domestic cooking using sawdust briquettes, wood, and kerosene.	smoke samples, in both gas and particulate matter (pm) phases, of the three domestic stoves were collected using u.s. epa modified method 5 and were analyzed for 17 pah (hplc-uv), acute toxicity (microtox test), and mutagenicity (amestest). the gas phase of smoke contributed > or = 95% of 17 pah, > or = 96% of toxicity, and > or = 60% of mutagenicity. the highest emission factor of 17 pah was from sawdust briquettes (260 mg/kg), but the highest emission of 11 genotoxic pah was from kerosene (28 ...	2002	11918004
toxicity and color formation during ozonation of mono-substituted aromatic compounds.	this research investigates the aqueous toxicity occurring during color formation due to ozonation in a semi-batch reactor. the tested mono-substituted aromatic compounds were aniline, phenol (-nh2' -oh, electron-donating group), nitrobenzene and benzoic acid (-no2' -cooh, electron-withdrawing group). the results revealed that the aqueous toxicity of the microtox assay from oxidized samples during the early stage of ozonation increased when the color formation was observed, except in the case of ...	2002	11918401
sensory, chemical and bacteriological changes in vacuum-packed pressurised squid mantle (todaropsis eblanae) stored at 4 degrees c.	sensory, chemical and bacteriological changes were studied in vacuum-packed squid mantles (todaropsis eblanae) that were pressurised at 150, 200, 300 and 400 megapascal (mpa) for 15 min at ambient temperature and stored at 4 degrees c. sensory analysis showed that the higher the pressurisation the longer the shelf-life. thus, the lot pressurised at 400 mpa was rejected after 28 days' storage compared with 7 days for the untreated lot. the chemical results generally corresponded with the sensory ...	2002	11929163
an ecotoxic risk assessment of residue materials produced by the plasma pyrolysis/vitrification (pp/v) process.	plasma is the fourth state of matter, following the three states of solid, liquid and gas. experience has amply demonstrated that solids exposed to the oxygen-deficient plasma flame are converted to liquid, and liquid exposed to the same flame is converted to gas. a low amount of vitrified solid residue material usually remains at the end of this process. plasma pyrolysis/vitrification (pp/v) has been demonstrated as a safe, efficient, cost-effective technology for the treatment of wastes, inclu ...	2002	11952180
toxicity and hazardous properties of solvent base adhesive wastes.	in this work, the hazardous properties of solvent base adhesive wastes generated in the footwear manufacturing process have been studied. the characterisation procedures and criteria used are those contained in the legal documents european union council decision 94/904/ce and october 13th spanish ministerial order. the properties studied were the following: flash point, reactivity (gas generation), ecotoxicity, main contaminants extracted by the leaching process and main harmful substances conta ...	2001	11954730
effects of potassium halides on bacterial bioluminescence.	the effects of potassium halides kcl, kbr and ki on nadh:fmn-oxidoreductase-luciferase bioluminescent coupled enzyme system were studied. the influence of salt additions on bioluminescence intensity and bioluminescence light yield was investigated. the inhibition and activation parameters of the salts were calculated using their dependencies on concentration of the salts. the correlation between the inhibition of bioluminescence intensity and the halide mass was demonstrated: the inhibiting abil ...	2002	11960733
[characteristics and utilities of luminescent bacteria from the black sea].	luminescent bacteria, isolated from summer specimens of water of the black sea, have been identified as strains of photobacterium phosphoreum and vibrio fischeri (two of each). morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties of the four strains have been characterized, and the kinetic behavior of luciferases isolated therefrom has been studied. the sensitivity of the luminescence of the strains to certain toxic agents has been compared to that of the test strain ph. phosphoreum (cohn) f ...	2002	11962223
microbial spoilage and formation of biogenic amines in fresh and thawed modified atmosphere-packed salmon (salmo salar) at 2 degrees c.	to evaluate the microbial spoilage, formation of biogenic amines and shelf life of chilled fresh and frozen/thawed salmon packed in a modified atmosphere and stored at 2 degrees c.	2002	11966922
sensory, chemical and bacteriological changes during storage of iced squid (todaropsis eblanae).	to relate sensory shelf-life of iced whole and gutted squid to bacterial growth and chemical changes.	2002	11972700
binding of haemin by the fish pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.	whole cells of virulent (di 21 and b 51) and avirulent (atcc 29690 and epoy 8803-ii) strains of photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, grown under iron-supplemented or iron-restricted conditions, were able to bind haemin. iron limitation resulted in an increased binding of haemin by di 21, b 51 and atcc 29690 cells but did not affect the haemin-binding ability of the epoy 8803-ii cells. proteinase k treatment of whole cells markedly reduced the binding of haemin, indicating that protein recep ...	2002	12005232
host-symbiont recognition in the environmentally transmitted sepiolid squid-vibrio mutualism.	associations between environmentally transmitted symbionts and their hosts provide a unique opportunity to study the evolution of specificity and subsequent radiation of tightly coupled host-symbiont assemblages [3, 8, 24]. the evidence provided here from the environmentally transmitted bacterial symbiont vibrio fischeri and its sepiolid squid host (sepiolidae: euprymna) demonstrates how host-symbiont specificity can still evolve without vertical transmission of the symbiont [1]. infection by in ...	2002	12019463
photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida: detection by direct amplification of 16s rrna gene sequences and genotypic variation as determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp).	a pcr protocol for the rapid diagnosis of fish 'pasteurellosis' based on 16s rrna gene sequences was developed. the procedure combines low annealing temperature that detects low titers of photobacterium damselae but also related species, and high annealing temperature for the specific identification of p. damselae directly from infected fish. the pcr protocol was validated on 19 piscine isolates of p. damselae ssp. piscicida from different geographic regions (japan, italy, spain, greece and isra ...	2002	12033705
structure and regulation of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase genes from the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum strain ss9.	omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; dha) have been shown to be of major importance in the promotion of cardiovascular health, proper human development and the prevention of some cancers. a high proportion of bacterial isolates from low-temperature and high-pressure marine environments produce epa or dha. this paper presents the sequence of a 33 kbp locus from the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum st ...	2002	12055309
a case study of logistic qsar modeling methods and robustness tests.	acute toxicity (15-min ec(50)) determination of 16 substituted naphthalene compounds to photobacterium phosphoreum was undertaken according to the standard procedures, while the effects of molecular structures of selected compounds on their toxicity to test microorganisms were logistically conducted using the quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) technique. the relationship was developed as -log ec(50)=5.5916 (+/-0.1189)-7.4893(+/-0.4900)qh(+)+0.7771(+/-0.0619e(lumo)+0.0088(+/-0.00 ...	2002	12061832
biological properties of arginine-based gemini cationic surfactants.	biological properties of novel gemini (double-chain/double-head) cationic surfactants, nalpha,nomega-bis(nalpha-acylarginine)alpha,omega-alkylendiamides, so-called bis(args), are reported. the effect of both the alkyl (10 and 12 carbon atoms) and the spacer chain (from 2-10 methylene groups) of bis(args) on their antimicrobial activity, acute toxicity on daphnia magna and photobacterium phosphoreum, and aerobic biodegradability is studied. these surfactants constitute a novel class of chemicals ...	2002	12069315
photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida: an integrated view of a bacterial fish pathogen.	pasteurellosis, or pseudotuberculosis, is a bacterial septicaemia caused by the halophilic bacterium photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (formerly pasteurella piscicida). although this disease was first described in wild populations of white perch and striped bass, currently the natural hosts of the pathogen are a wide variety of marine fish. the disease has great economic impact both in japan, where it affects mainly yellowtail cultures, and in the mediterranean area, due to the losses it ...	2002	12102234
a novel and sensitive test for rapid determination of water toxicity.	the performance of a novel, rapid, and sensitive test for detecting chemical toxicants in water is described in this article. the bioassay utilizes a highly sensitive variant of the luminescent bacterium photobacterium leiognathi that allows the detection in water at levels below milligrams per liter of diverse groups of toxicants, including heavy metals, pesticides, pcbs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and fuel traces. for most toxic agents reported in this study, the new assay was markedly ...	2002	12112638
implications of the reactive thiol and the proximal non-proline cis-peptide bond in the structure and function of vibrio harveyi luciferase.	the role of a highly reactive cysteine residue, cys106, in vibrio harveyi luciferase in modulating the substrate-enzyme interactions and in turn affecting the enzyme activity has been extensively investigated over the past three decades. replacing cys106 with valine dramatically hinders the ability of luciferase to stabilize the c4a-hydroperoxyflavin intermediate [abu-soud, h. m., clark, a. c., francisco, w. a., baldwin, t. o., and raushel, f. m. (1993) j. biol. chem. 268, 7699-7706] and consume ...	2002	12146958
bacterial flora from the gut of the wild and cultured banana prawn, penaeus merguiensis.	there is growing awareness of the influence of the bacterial composition of the gut on the health and growth of the host. this study compared the bacterial flora from the digestive system of the wild and cultured prawn, penaeus merguiensis.	2002	12147069
cloning and expression of the haloalkane dehalogenase gene dhma from mycobacterium avium n85 and preliminary characterization of dhma.	haloalkane dehalogenases are microbial enzymes that catalyze cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond by a hydrolytic mechanism. until recently, these enzymes have been isolated only from bacteria living in contaminated environments. in this report we describe cloning of the dehalogenase gene dhma from mycobacterium avium subsp. avium n85 isolated from swine mesenteric lymph nodes. the dhma gene has a g+c content of 68.21% and codes for a polypeptide that is 301 amino acids long and has a calculated ...	2002	12147465
bioremediation of soil contaminated with alkyllead compounds.	sandy soil, which was highly contaminated with alkyllead compounds, was taken from bore cores from a site of a former tetraalkyllead producing company. it was analyzed for its capacity to chemically and/or biologically degrade alkyllead contaminants. for this purpose, soil samples were supplied with oxygen or oxygen + minerals at different water saturation. for long-term elution, contaminated soil was packed into glass columns of 1.5m length and 10cm diameter. oxygen-saturated water was recircul ...	2002	12171412
induction of light emission by luminescent bacteria treated with uv light and chemical mutagens.	intensity of light emission by luminescent bacteria in response to uv irradiation and chemical mutagens was tested. we demonstrated that luminescence of six strains of marine bacteria (belonging to four species: photobacterium leiognathi, p. phosphoreum, vibrio fischeri and v. harveyi) is significantly increased by uv irradiation relatively shortly after dilution of cultures. such a stimulation of luminescence was abolished in cells treated with chloramphenicol 15 min before uv irradiation, indi ...	2002	12177528
ecotoxicological assessment of leachates from mswi bottom ashes.	in this paper, chemical and ecotoxicological data of leachates from bottom ashes collected in different municipal solid waste incinerators (mswi) are shown. the bottom ashes were collected in belgium (three incinerators--samples b1 to b3), france, germany, italy and united kingdom (one incinerator in each country--samples f1, d1, i1 and uk1, respectively). both chemical and ecotoxicological characterizations of leachates were done on the framework of the european directive 91/689/eec and the eur ...	2002	12214969
[toxicity effect of substituted benzenes in oilfield wastewater by molecular orbital method].	the quantum parameters of energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (ehomo), energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (elumo), energy of next highest occupied molecular orbital (enhomo), energy of next lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (enlumo), heat of molecular formation(delta h0f) and dipole moment (mu) of 55 substituted benzenes are calculated based on mopac software of molecular orbital am1 method. the qsar model of multiple descriptors was established by the above parameters and ...	2002	12222057
amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and biochemical typing of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.	the aim of the present study was to characterize subspecifically photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae strains isolated from cultured sparus aurata and dicentrarchus labrax by means of phenotypic and molecular typing techniques (amplified fragment length polymorphism, aflp).	2002	12234352
the professional phagocytes of sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax l.): cytochemical characterisation of neutrophils and macrophages in the normal and inflamed peritoneal cavity.	in order to identify the phagocytic cells of sea bass, the peritoneal leucocyte population of fish injected intraperitoneally with photobacterium damselae subspecies piscicida was studied by light microscopy using cytocentrifuge preparations stained by the antonow technique for peroxidase detection. among the leucocytes present in the peritoneal exudate of the infected fish (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophilic granular cells, lymphocytes and thrombocytes), macrophages and neutrophils were the ...	2002	12365730