Publications

regression and cluster analysis of the acute toxicity of 267 chemicals to six species of biota and the octanol/water partition coefficient.	the acute toxicities of 267 compounds to six aquatic and one terrestrial species were investigated with correlation, principal component and cluster analysis techniques for relationships with each other and with the compounds' octanol/water partition coefficient. selection of the investigated chemicals was based on the availability of at least three of the following measured parameters: acute (24-h to 96-h) lethal concentrations (lc50) to the fish fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), the fish g ...	1991	1815369
evaluation of the genotoxic activity and acute toxicity of euphorbia splendens latex, a molluscicide for the control of schistosomiasis.	1. the latex of euphorbia splendens var. hislopii has a molluscicidal action at low concentration (ld90 less than 1.5 ppm or 1.5 micrograms/ml) against the vector snails of schistosomiasis. 2. in the present study, the latex in natura or after lyophilization was submitted to the ames test and the chromotest to evaluate genotoxicity, to the microtox system to determine acute toxicity, and to the chinese hamster ovary cell assay (cho) to measure cytotoxicity. 3. the latex had no mutagenic activity ...	1991	1823273
evaluation of humic-pesticide interactions on the acute toxicity of selected organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.	the ability of water resource managers to accurately predict the toxicity of agricultural chemicals in aquatic ecosystems is essential for the development of reliable water quality standards. at present, accurate predictions are difficult due to the paucity of data concerning the interaction of these chemicals with organic constituents of the freshwater chemical matrix. dissolved humic materials are ubiquitous components of freshwater ecosystems and can affect the availability and toxicity of ch ...	1991	1831119
development of species-specific hybridization probes for marine luminous bacteria by using in vitro dna amplification.	by using two highly conserved region of the luxa gene as primers, polymerase chain reaction amplification methods were used to prepare species-specific probes against the luciferase gene from four major groups of marine luminous bacteria. laboratory studies with test strains indicated that three of the four probes cross-reacted with themselves and with one or more of the other species at low stringencies but were specific for members of their own species at high stringencies. the fourth probe, g ...	1991	1854194
microtox assay of trinitrotoluene, diaminonitrotoluene, and dinitromethylaniline mixtures.		1991	1854999
marine biosurfactants, iii. toxicity testing with marine microorganisms and comparison with synthetic surfactants.	eight synthetic and nine biogenetic surfactants were tested on their toxicity. because of their possible application as oil dispersants against oil slicks on sea, the test organisms used were marine microorganisms (mixed and pure cultures of bacteria, microalgae, and protozoa). bacterial growth was hardly effected or stimulated, whilst that of algae and flagellates was reduced. all substances tested were biodegraded in sea water. the bioluminescence of photobacter phosphoreum (microtox test) was ...	1991	1878108
the acute toxicity of pulse-dosed, para-substituted phenols to larval american flagfish (jordanella floridae): a comparison with toxicity to photoluminescent bacteria and predicted toxicity using log kow.	the acute toxicity of nine para-substituted phenols was determined using a pulse-exposure testing protocol and 8-day-old larval american flagfish (jordanella floridae). relative tolerance was assessed by determining the 2-h pulse exposure concentration causing 20 and 50% mortality (pe lc20 and pe lc50) over the subsequent 94 h. four bioassays were run for each phenol and yielded the following mean pe lc20 values (mg 1(-1)) in descending order of toxicity: p-aminophenol, 0.06; hydroquinone, 0.13; ...	1991	1891709
the lux genes of the luminous bacterial symbiont, photobacterium leiognathi, of the ponyfish. nucleotide sequence, difference in gene organization, and high expression in mutant escherichia coli.	the lux genes required for light expression in the luminescent bacterium photobacterium leiognathi (atcc 25521) have been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli and their organization and nucleotide sequence determined. transformation of a recombinant 9.5-kbp chromosomal dna fragment of p. leiognathi into an e. coli mutant (43r) gave luminescent colonies that were as bright as those of the parental strain. moreover, expression of the lux genes in the mutant e. coli was strong enough so that no ...	1991	1915359
evaluation of seven in vitro alternatives for ocular safety testing.	seven in vitro assays were evaluated to determine if any were useful as screening procedures in ocular safety assessment. seventeen test materials (chemicals, household cleaners, hand soaps, dishwashing liquids, shampoos, and liquid laundry detergents) were tested in each assay. in vivo ocular irritation scores for the materials were obtained from existing rabbit low volume eye test (lvet) data. the seven assays evaluated included the silicon microphysiometer (sm), luminescent bacteria toxicity ...	1991	1916072
a novel method for detection and counting of single bacteria in a wide field using an ultra-high-sensitivity tv camera without a microscope.	we describe a novel method for enumeration of bacteria, based on the principle that small, light emitting particles on a flat surface can be easily and rapidly detected and counted using an ultra-high-sensitivity tv camera. to test this method, we obtained tv images of individual cells of a luminous bacterium on a membrane filter without the use of a microscope. the positions of the luminous points in the tv images were almost the same as the positions of the bacterial colonies after growth. our ...	1991	1916227
correlation of metal decoration and topochemistry on protein surfaces.	on the surface of protein molecules the formation of metal clusters during vacuum condensation is controlled by topochemical features of the substrate and by specific properties of the decorating material. the resulting metal distribution (decoration pattern) can be mapped by electron microscopy in conjunction with image processing. we have applied this technique to freeze-etched crystals of the lumazine synthase-riboflavin synthase complex and its derivative obtained by binding of the heteropol ...	1991	1920438
do photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains share redox proteins?	in purple nonsulfur bacteria and cyanobacteria, there is close interaction between the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains, which share identical redox proteins. recent findings that the thylakoid membranes of eukaryotic chloroplasts may have respiratory functions suggest that the interaction of photosynthesis and respiration may be a common feature of all photosynthetic cells.	1990	1963954
borrowed proteins in bacterial bioluminescence.	a library of photobacterium phosphoreum dna was screened in lambda 2001 for the lumazine protein gene, using two degenerate 17-mer oligonucleotide probes that were deduced from a partial protein primary sequence. the lumazine protein gene was localized to a 3.4-kilobase bamhi/ecori fragment in one clone. the fragment contained an open reading frame, encoding a 189-residue protein, that had a predicted amino acid sequence that concurred with the partial sequence determined for lumazine protein. c ...	1991	1996310
changes in poultry litter toxicity with simulated acid rain.		1991	2001488
structure and properties of luciferase from photobacterium phosphoreum.	the nucleotide sequences of the luxa and luxb genes coding for the alpha and beta subunits, respectively, of luciferase from photobacterium phosphoreum have been determined. the predicted amino acid sequences of the alpha and beta subunits were shown to be significantly different from other bacterial luciferases with 62 to 88% identity with the alpha subunits and 47 to 71% identity with the beta subunits of other species. expression of the different luciferases appear to correlate with the numbe ...	1991	2018544
identification of the acyl transfer site of fatty acyl-protein synthetase from bioluminescent bacteria.	fatty acid activation, transfer, and reduction by the fatty acid reductase multienzyme complex from photobacterium phosphoreum to generate fatty aldehydes for the luminescence reaction is regulated by the interaction of the synthetase and reductase subunits of this complex. identification of the specific site involved in covalent transfer of the fatty acyl group between the sites of activation and reduction on the synthetase and reductase subunits, respectively, is a critical step in understandi ...	1991	2023262
analysis of synchronous photon emissions from the bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum during colony formation from a single cell.	light emission from photobacterium phosphoreum was analysed during cell growth on an agar plate from a single cell to colony formation. temporal analysis of image intensified light was set so that a quadratic window covered a single cell. intensity of light emission from a single cell through colony formation showed an initial decrease, a prolonged lag phase, and then a rapid increase. these responses on an agar plate were similar to those from liquid cultures. the image analysis showed repeated ...	1991	2053463
further study on polyamine compositions in vibrionaceae.	it has previously been reported that norspermidine, one of the unusual polyamines, is present in vibrio species. to expand this observation, the cellular polyamine compositions of additional species and strains in the family vibrionaceae (vibrio, photobacterium, listonella, and shewanella) as well as aeromonas species and plesiomonas shigelloides, which have been proposed to be excluded from vibrionacea, were determined by using gas-liquid chromatography. some vibrio species previously reported ...	1991	2059921
electronic excitation transfer in the complex of lumazine protein with bacterial bioluminescence intermediates.	fluorescence dynamics measurements have been made on the bioluminescence reaction intermediates using photobacterium leiognathi, vibrio fischeri, and vibrio harveyi luciferases, both alone and in mixtures with photobacterium phosphoreum lumazine protein. each luciferase produces a "fluorescent transient" intermediate on reaction with the bioluminescence substrates, fmnh2, tetradecanal, and o2, and all have a fluorescence quantum yield about 0.3, with a predominant lifetime around 10 ns. the p. l ...	1991	2069948
evolutionary aspects of superoxide dismutase: the copper/zinc enzyme.	copper/zinc superoxide dismutase is typically an enzyme of eukaryotes. the presence of the enzyme in the ponyfish symbiont photobacterium leiognathi and some free living bacteria does not have an immediate explanation. amino acid sequence alignment of 19 cu/zn superoxide dismutases shows 21 invariant residues in key positions related to maintenance of the beta-barrel fold, the active site structure including the electrostatic channel loop, and dimer contacts. nineteen other residues are invarian ...	1991	2071039
the rate of cu,zn superoxide dismutase evolution.	the rate of amino acid replacement in cu,zn sod greatly departs from the expectations of the molecular clock. we examine 27 cu,zn sod sequences available and conclude that: (1) the sod enzymes from different mammal families differ from each other by roughly the same number of replacements, which is consistent with a simultaneous mammalian radiation; (2) over the most recent 60 million years (my) the rate of sod evolution is fairly high (15 aa/100 aa/100 myr) and may be considered constant; (3) t ...	1991	2071040
induction of superoxide dismutases in photobacterium leiognathi.	we investigated the induction of cu,zn-sod (bacteriocuprein) and fe-sod in photobacterium leiognathi dk-a1 which was isolated from the light organ of the squid, droteuthis kensaki. the induction of superoxide dismutases depended on the addition of paraquat to the medium. induction of sod by paraquat was attributed mostly to the bacteriocuprein by measuring of the activities of both sods by using densitometry of isoelectrofocusing gel. when paraquat was added to the culture at various times in th ...	1991	2071047
a lux-specific myristoyl transferase in luminescent bacteria related to eukaryotic serine esterases.	the diversion of fatty acids from fatty acid biosynthesis into the luminescent system is catalyzed by a lux-specific acyltransferase that catalyzes the cleavage of fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein (acp). analysis of the substrate specificities for fatty acyl-acps of the transferases from divergent luminescent bacteria, photobacterium phosphoreum and vibrio harveyi, has demonstrated that myristoyl-acp is cleaved at the highest rate. inhibition by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride as well as resistanc ...	1991	2071574
resonance raman studies on the structure of bacteriochlorophyll c in chlorosomes from chloroflexus aurantiacus.	resonance raman spectra of chlorosomes isolated from the thermophilic green photosynthetic bacterium chloroflexus aurantiacus have been obtained with several excitation wavelengths from 441.6 to 514.5 nm. resonance raman spectra of bacteriochlorophyll (bchl) c isolated from c. aurantiacus cells have also been observed. the c=c stretching frequencies of bchl c in the chlorosomes were found to be at 1,556 (strong) and 1,544 (shoulder) cm-1, which correspond to those expected for the 5-coordinated ...	1990	2081732
a protein isolated from brucella abortus is a cu-zn superoxide dismutase.	brucella abortus contains a protein that elicits an antigenic response in cattle previously exposed to the organism. the amino acid sequence of the recombinant form of this antigenic protein was determined by gas-phase sequencing of the pyridylethylated protein and its peptides obtained by digestion with cyanogen bromide (cnbr), clostripain, and staphylococcus aureus v8 protease. the brucella protein demonstrated 53.6% identity with the cu-zn superoxide dismutase (sod) from photobacterium leiogn ...	1990	2105741
structure-toxicity relationships for nonpolar narcotics: a comparison of data from the tetrahymena, photobacterium and pimephales systems.		1990	2106356
[expression of photobacterium leiognathi bioluminescence system genes in escherichia coli].	expression of photobacterium leiognathi bioluminescence genes under the control of lac, tac, tet promoters in escherichia coli cells has been studied. the position of the genes for aliphatic aldehyde biosynthesis and for the synthesis of luciferase subunits was identified. the plasmid pbrpl1 has been constructed containing the system of bioluminescence genes devoid of promoter following the polylinker dna fragment. the plasmid can be used for selection of promoter containing dna sequences as wel ...	1990	2185420
affinity purification of bacterial luciferase and nad(p)h:fmn oxidoreductases by fmn-sepharose for analytical applications.	a modified purification method for bacterial luciferases and nad(p)h:fmn oxidoreductases is described which uses fmn-sepharose alone or coupled to deae ion exchange chromatography for the simultaneous purification of luciferase and the various oxidoreductases from vibrio harveyi, a bright mutant of vibrio harveyi, vibrio fischeri, and photobacterium phosphoreum. this purification method is compared with deae-sepharose cl 6b fractionations from these organisms. both methods allow the separation o ...	1990	2220416
a soluble fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase from the bioluminescent bacterium vibrio harveyi.	an enzyme catalyzing the ligation of long chain fatty acids to bacterial acyl carrier protein (acp) has been detected and partially characterized in cell extracts of the bioluminescent bacterium vibrio harveyi. acyl-acp synthetase activity (optimal ph 7.5-8.0) required millimolar concentrations of atp and mg2+ and was slightly activated by ca2+, but was inhibited at high ionic strength and by triton x-100. acp from either escherichia coli (apparent km = 20 microm) or v. harveyi was used as a sub ...	1990	2223012
the lumazine protein gene in photobacterium phosphoreum is linked to the lux operon.		1990	2243804
relationship of the luminous bacterial symbiont of the caribbean flashlight fish, kryptophanaron alfredi (family anomalopidae) to other luminous bacteria based on bacterial luciferase (luxa) genes.	flashlight fishes (family anomalopidae) have light organs that contain luminous bacterial symbionts. although the symbionts have not yet been successfully cultured, the luciferase genes have been cloned directly from the light organ of the caribbean species, kryptophanaron alfredi. the goal of this project was to evaluate the relationship of the symbiont to free-living luminous bacteria by comparison of genes coding for bacterial luciferase (lux genes). hybridization of a lux ab probe from the k ...	1990	2256783
[the immunoelectron microscopic localization of histone-like proteins in the chromatin of luminescent bacteria].		1990	2272273
bacterial luminescence: a new tool for investigating the effects of acoustic energy and cavitation.	an assay utilizing luminescent bacteria, photobacterium phosphoreum, was adapted to assess the antibacterial effects of acoustic energy. acoustic pressures up to 67 kpa in the 100- to 800-hz frequency range were applied to bacteria freely suspended in a liquid medium. bacterial luminescence decreased after sonication, thus showing sensitivity to the effects of acoustic energy. this decreased luminescence was linearly related to exposure duration, appeared independent of acoustic frequency in thi ...	1990	2283427
isolation of bioluminescent functions from photobacterium leiognathi: analysis of luxa, luxb, luxg and neighboring genes.	genes encoding luminescence of photobacterium leiognathi have been cloned in escherichia coli. the luminescent clones were readily apparent. among them, a clone containing a recombinant plasmid with a 13.5-kb insertion was identified. this dna fragment contained all of the luminescence-encoding genes. the luciferase-encoding genes (lux) in this dna fragment were localized. we have sequenced a part of the cloned lux region and identified the luxa, luxb and luxg genes encoding the alpha and beta s ...	1990	2311938
application of the microtox system to assess the toxicity of pesticides and their hydrolysis metabolites.		1990	2322666
crystallographic characterization of a cu,zn superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi.	crystals of a copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi, a luminescent marine bacterium that is the species-specific symbiont of the ponyfish, have been obtained from 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol solutions. the space group was determined using screenless small-angle precession photographs, and was confirmed by analyzing area detector diffraction data with the xengen programs for indexing and refinement. the crystals are monoclinic, space group c2 (a = 126.4 a, b = 87.0 a, c = 4 ...	1990	2325128
13c and 15n nmr studies on the interaction between 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine and lumazine protein.	the interaction between the prosthetic group 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1'-d-ribityl)lumazine and the lumazine apoproteins from two marine bioluminescent bacteria, one from a relatively thermophilic species, photobacterium leiognathi, and the other from a psychrophilic species, photobacterium phosphoreum, was studied by 13c and 15n nmr using various selectively enriched derivatives. it is shown that the electron distribution in the protein-bound 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine differs from that of free 6,7- ...	1990	2331466
the luminescent bacteria toxicity test: its potential as an in vitro alternative.	during the past several years, the use of animals for toxicity testing has come under critical surveillance. for ethical and economic reasons, various techniques have been developed and proposed as potential alternatives for some of the whole animal toxicity assays. one assay proposed as an alternative to animal testing is the luminescent bacteria toxicity test (lbt), provided under the trade name of microtox. the sensitivity and specificity of the lbt was compared with two commonly used toxicit ...	1990	2336974
copper-zinc superoxide dismutase of caulobacter crescentus: cloning, sequencing, and mapping of the gene and periplasmic location of the enzyme.	although widely found in the cytoplasm of eucaryotes, the copper-zinc form of superoxide dismutase (cuznsod) has been identified in only a small number of bacterial species. one species is the freshwater bacterium caulobacter crescentus, which also contains an sod with iron as the metal cofactor (fesod). to investigate the function of this cuznsod and its structural relationship to the eucaryotic cuznsods, the gene encoding cuznsod (sodc) of c. crescentus cb15 was cloned and sequenced. by hybrid ...	1990	2345128
assessing the effectiveness of depuration of polluted clams and mussels using the microtox bioassay.		1990	2354264
the nucleotide sequence of a small mett trna operon from photobacterium leiognathi.		1990	2362826
evaluation of the bioluminescence assays as screens for genotoxic chemicals.	while present data suggest that the mutatox assay is not effective for carcinogen screening, it does appear to detect many agents with diverse mechanisms of mutagenic activity with reasonable sensitivity as well as some known human teratogens. for general screening, more detailed studies need to be performed using coded agents with various mutagenic mechanisms as well as with toxicants of various classes including teratogens. with additional validation, the mutatox assay, with its sensitivity to ...	1990	2371306
a photobacterium-like bacterium able to fix nitrogen.	a photobacterium-like bacterium isolated from the roots of eelgrass (zostera marina) was shown to fix nitrogen under anaerobic conditions. nitrogen fixation by photobacterium spp. has not been reported previous to this.	1990	2372212
inhibition of bioluminescence in photobacterium phosphoreum by sulfamethizole and its stimulation by thymine.	in bioluminescent bacteria very few agents have been reported that can selectively inhibit the luminescence. in sensitivity tests with photobacterium phosphoreum, using 55 different antibiotics, it was found that sulfamethizole, an inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase and the formation of folic acid, inhibited bioluminescence more than growth. likewise, in mutants requiring thymine for growth, the luminescence per cell was much less in a medium low in thymine. in neither case could the decrea ...	1990	2372557
the nucleotide sequence of the luxa and luxb genes of xenorhabdus luminescens hm and a comparison of the amino acid sequences of luciferases from four species of bioluminescent bacteria.	the luxa and luxb genes of bioluminescent bacteria encode the alpha and beta subunits of luciferase, respectively. sequences of the luxa and luxb genes of xenorhabdus luminescens, the only terrestrial bioluminescent bacterium known, were determined and the amino acid sequence of luciferase deduced. the alpha subunit was found to contain 360 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 41,005 da, while the beta subunit contains 327 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 37,6 ...	1990	2383248
membrane-bound 5'-nucleotidase in marine luminous bacteria: biochemical and immunological properties.	a novel 5'-nucleotidase previously described in halophilic vibrio costicola was detected in marine vibrio and photobacterium strains. the enzyme of marine bacteria was similar in its properties to the 5'-nucleotidase of vibrio costicola; it was outwardly oriented in the cytoplasmic membrane and dephosphorylated nucleoside 5'-tri-, di-, and mono-phosphates to respective nucleosides before uptake. the enzyme in marine strains was immunologically cross-reactive with the antibody raised against the ...	1985	2411368
[luminometry and its use in clinical chemistry (review of the literature)].		1985	2416988
elongation of exogenous fatty acids by the bioluminescent bacterium vibrio harveyi.	bioluminescent bacteria require myristic acid (c14:0) to produce the myristaldehyde substrate of the light-emitting luciferase reaction. since both endogenous and exogenous c14:0 can be used for this purpose, the metabolism of exogenous fatty acids by luminescent bacteria has been investigated. both vibrio harveyi and vibrio fischeri incorporated label from [1-14c]myristic acid (c14:0) into phospholipid acyl chains as well as into co2. in contrast, photobacterium phosphoreum did not exhibit phos ...	1989	2492504
proposed mechanism for the bacterial bioluminescence reaction involving a dioxirane intermediate.	we propose here a verifiable mechanism for the bacterial bioluminescence reaction involving a dioxirane intermediate. participation of the dioxirane predicts either formation of an excited carbonyl, rather than the flavin, as the primary excited state in the reaction, or, through a cieel mechanism, the c4a hydroxyflavin or the chromophore of a secondary emitter protein could become excited. we propose energy transfer from the primary excited state to the c4a hydroxyflavin in the absence of the l ...	1989	2590194
ecotoxicological characterization of industrial wastewater--sulfite pulp mill with bleaching.	different process wastewaters from a sulfite pulp mill with bleaching were characterized by chemical analysis and toxicity tests. the amount of adsorbable organically bound halogen (aox) from the bleachery was 3.6 kg per ton pulp. the extractable organically bound chlorine was 15% of aox. some identified organochlorine compounds in the effluent could be traced in the receiving water. effluents from the chlorination and alkaline extraction stages and the condensate were the main contributors to t ...	1989	2612424
isolation of a photoactive photosynthetic reaction center-core antenna complex from heliobacillus mobilis.	a photoactive reaction center-core antenna complex was isolated from the photosynthetic bacterium heliobacillus mobilis by extraction of membranes with deriphat 160c followed by differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. the purified complex contained a mr 47,000 polypeptide(s) that bound both the primary donor (p800) and approximately 24 antenna bacteriochlorophylls g. time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy indicated that the antenna bacteriochloroph ...	1989	2620065
long-term preservation of active luminous bacteria by lyophilization.	a simple method for long-term preservation of luminous bacteria is described. cells of vibrio fischeri, photobacterium leiognathi and four strains of p. phosphoreum were suspended in a protective medium of low ionic strength (1% nacl) supplemented with 15% lactose and 2% soluble starch, and lyophilized. the freeze-dried preparations were sealed under vacuum and stored at 4 degrees c. luminous bacteria were resuscitated after six months by adding 2% nacl up to the original volume. the rehydrated ...	1989	2652990
stable-light-emitting escherichia coli as a biosensor.	we have studied possibilities for constructing escherichia coli strains capable of producing stable light. light production in e. coli is achieved by cloning the genes encoding bacterial luciferase from vibrio harveyi. to gain the advantage of sensitive detection of light we transferred the genes under the control of a strong, regulatable promoter system. stabilization of light produced by e. coli clones was accomplished by finding the optimal plasmid construction and growth conditions as well a ...	1989	2678927
evolution of a trna operon in gamma purple bacteria.	genomic dna from eubacteria belonging to the gamma-3 subdivision of purple bacteria, as classified by woese (c.r. woese, microbiol. rev. 51:221-271, 1987), were probed with the argt operon of escherichia coli encoding 5'-trna(arg)-trna(his)-trna(leu)-trna(pro)-3'. the homologous operon from vibrio harveyi was isolated and sequenced. comparison of the five available sequences of this trna cluster from members of the families enterobacteriaceae, aeromonadaceae, and vibrionaceae led to the conclusi ...	1989	2687235
photochemical conversion of chlorinated phenolic substances in aquatic media as studied by aox and microtox tests.	six chlorophenolic substances were photochemically converted by illumination with xenon light. the aox (adsorbable organic halogens) contents were determined after illumination for various periods. pure chlorinated phenolic substances were readily detected by aox. both adsorbable and non-adsorbable chlorinated products were formed. chloride analysis indicated that most (if not all) of the non-adsorbable products consisted of chloride ions. microtox, a bacterial bioluminescence test, was used as ...	1989	2717929
dynamic fluorescence study of the interaction of lumazine protein with bacterial luciferases.	the equilibrium association of lumazine protein from photobacterium phosphoreum with luciferases from either p. phosphoreum or an aldehyde-requiring dark mutant of vibrio harveyi is measured from changes of the rotational correlation time which is derived from the decay of the lumazine ligand's fluorescence anisotropy. the rotational correlation time of lumazine protein is 23 ns (2 degrees c, 0.25 m pi) and is increased on addition of luciferase due to the formation of a higher molecular weight ...	1989	2720095
interaction between luciferases from various species of bioluminescent bacteria and the yellow fluorescent protein of vibrio fischeri strain y-1.	the interaction of the yellow fluorescent protein (yfp) from vibrio fischeri strain y-1 with luciferases from other bioluminescent bacterial strains have been studied. addition of purified yfp to a y-1 luciferase assay results in enhancement of the intensity of blue (484 nm) bioluminescence and a new peak in the emission spectrum at about 540 nm. the bimodal spectrum also resulted when the luciferase used in the reaction was isolated from the species v. fischeri atcc 7744, v. fischeri y-1, photo ...	1989	2742584
covalent reaction of cerulenin at the active site of acyl-coa reductase of photobacterium phosphoreum.	inhibition of bioluminescence in photobacterium phosphoreum by cerulenin has been demonstrated to be due to a specific inactivation of the acyl-coa reductase subunit of the fatty acid reductase complex required for synthesis of the aldehyde substrate for the luminescent reaction. in contrast, the activities of the other luminescence-related enzymes, acyl-protein synthetase, acyl-transferase, and luciferase, were unaffected by cerulenin. myristoyl-coa, but not nadph, protected the acyl-coa reduct ...	1989	2751874
response of enteric luminous bacteria to environmental conditions in the gut of the fish.	the response of luminous bacterial cultures to conditions encountered in the fish gut such as neutral ph, the presence of bile salts, gastric juice and lysozyme was examined. the organisms preferred neutral ph. bile salts did not inhibit their growth. neither lysozyme nor gastric juice affected their growth and viability to any extent. in the light of these findings, the adaptability of luminous bacteria to conditions existing in the gut of fish was discussed.	1989	2753845
evaluation of atp photometer for toxicity testing using microtox luminescent bacterial reagent.		1989	2758127
bioluminescence spectral and fluorescence dynamics study of the interaction of lumazine protein with the intermediates of bacterial luciferase bioluminescence.	the mechanism of the shifting of the bioluminescence spectrum from the reaction of bacterial luciferase by lumazine protein is investigated by methods of fluorescence dynamics. a metastable intermediate is produced on reaction of vibrio harveyi luciferase with fmnh2 and o2. it has an absorption maximum at 374 nm and a rotational correlation time (phi) derived from the decay of its fluorescence (maximum 500 nm) anisotropy of 90 ns (2 degrees c). lumazine protein from photobacterium phosphoreum ha ...	1989	2765486
time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of lumazine protein from photobacterium phosphoreum using synchrotron radiation.	time-resolved fluorescence on lumazine protein from photobacterium phosphoreum was performed with synchrotron radiation as a source of continuously tunable excitation. the experiments yielded structural and dynamic details from which two aspects became apparent. from fluorescence anisotropy decay monitoring of lumazine fluorescence with different excitation wavelengths, the average correlation times were shown to change, which must indicate the presence of anistropic motion of the protein. a sim ...	1989	2767000
the complete nucleotide sequence of the lux regulon of vibrio fischeri and the luxabn region of photobacterium leiognathi and the mechanism of control of bacterial bioluminescence.	we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 7622 base pair fragment of dna from vibrio fischeri strain atcc7744 that contains all the information required to confer plasmid-borne, regulated bioluminescence upon strains of escherichia coli. the lux regulon from v. fischeri consists of two divergently transcribed operons, l (left) and r (right), and at least seven genes, luxr (l operon) and luxicdabe (r operon) and the intervening control region. the luxa and luxb genes encode respect ...	1989	2801220
toxicological properties of thio- and alkylphenols causing flavor tainting in fish from the upper wisconsin river.	ec50 microtox (5 min, 25 degrees c) assay values for 2-isopropylphenol, 3-isopropylphenol, 4-isopropylphenol, 2,4-diisopropylphenol, 2,5-diisopropylphenol 2,6-diisopropylphenol, 3,5-diisopropylphenol, carvacrol, thymol, thiophenol, and thiocresol ranged from 2 x 10(-2) mm for thymol (least toxic) to 2 x 10(-4) mm for 2,4-diisopropylphenol and 4-isopropylphenol (most toxic).	1989	2809079
[comparative restriction analysis of chromosomal dna of strains of photobacterium leiognathi].	chromosomal dna in 5 hereditary variants occurring in photobacterium leiognathi population was subjected to restriction analysis. the variants differed in the levels and regulation of luminescence and colony morphology. agarose electrophoresis of dna fragments isolated after exposure to hind ii, bam hi, bgl i and pst i restriction endonucleases revealed respectively 38, 28, 35 and 29 fragments equally distributed by their molecular weights. electrophoregrams of the 5 strains were absolutely iden ...	1988	2837154
[cloning and insertion mutagenesis of dna fragment coding for the luminescent system of photobacterium leiognathi].	fragments of dna, obtained from the luminescent bacterium photobacterium leiognathi and inserted into the plasmid pbr322, were found to code for the luminescence expressed in e. coli cells. the genetic functions necessary for light production in e. coli are localized on a dna fragment of about 7 kbp. the insertion mutagenesis was used to define the luminescence functions encoded by the hybrid plasmid.	1988	2852774
regulation and properties of the glutamine synthetase purified from photobacterium phosphoreum.	glutamine synthetase from a marine enterobacterium, photobacterium phosphoreum, was purified to homogeneity from cells grown in glycerol-yeast extract medium. the purified enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 670,000 and a subunit size of 56,000, i.e. larger than that of the enzyme from e. coli. regulation of the glutamine synthetase activity by adenylylation/deadenylylation was demonstrated on snake venom phosphodiesterase treatment. the state of adenylylation appeared to influence bo ...	1986	2870058
dna sequence of a gene cluster coding for subunits of the f0 membrane sector of atp synthase in rhodospirillum rubrum. support for modular evolution of the f1 and f0 sectors.	a region was cloned from the genome of the purple non-sulphur photobacterium rhodospirillum rubrum that contains genes coding for the membrane protein subunits of the f0 sector of atp synthase. the clone was identified by hybridization with a synthetic oligonucleotide designed on the basis of the known protein sequence of the dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide-reactive proteolipid, or subunit c. the complete nucleotide sequence of 4240 bp of this region was determined. it is separate from an operon descr ...	1988	2902844
the effects of humic acid on the chemical and biological properties of selenium in the environment.	to shed light on the causes of kaschin-beck disease, which can be prevented by supplementation of the diet with sodium selenite, the interactions between inorganic selenium compounds (selenite and selenate) and humic/fulvic acid were investigated. selenate was found to be slowly reduced to selenite by humic acid in acidic solution. selenite was adsorbed on manganese dioxide and iron(iii) oxide from solution to a much greater degree than on kaolin, humic acid, yongshu soil, or silicon dioxide. fe ...	1987	2954209
immunological investigation of the distribution of cytochromes related to the two terminal oxidases of escherichia coli in other gram-negative bacteria.	monospecific antibodies were raised against the two terminal oxidase complexes of the aerobic respiratory chain of escherichia coli. these are the cytochrome d and cytochrome o complexes. the antibodies were used to check for the occurrence of cross-reactive antigens in membrane preparations from a variety of gram-negative bacteria by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting techniques. with these criteria, proteins closely related to the cytochrome d complex of e. coli appeared to be wid ...	1985	2981822
the stimulation of bioluminescence in photobacterium leiognathi as a potential prescreen for antitumor agents.	the stimulation of bioluminescence in photobacterium leiognathi has previously been described as a test for genotoxic compounds. an adaptation of this procedure has been developed which uses a dim variant of p. leiognathi and permits the prescreening of microbial fermentation broths for potential antitumor agents. bioluminescence in this organism was stimulated by compounds which bind to dna or affect dna synthesis. antibiotics with target sites such as protein, cell wall or rna synthesis, did n ...	1985	2999049
nuclease s1 analysis of eubacterial 5s rrna secondary structure.	single-strand-specific nuclease s1 was employed as a structural probe to confirm locations of unpaired nucleotide bases in 5s rrnas purified from prokaryotic species of rrna superfamily i. limited nuclease s1 digests of 3'- and 5'-end-labeled [32p]5s rrnas were electrophoresed in parallel with reference endoribonuclease digests on thin sequencing gels. nuclease s1 primary hydrolysis patterns were comparable for 5s rrnas prepared from all 11 species examined in this study. the locations of base-p ...	1985	3001324
purification and properties of a cytochrome b560-d complex, a terminal oxidase of the aerobic respiratory chain of photobacterium phosphoreum.	a cytochrome b560-d complex, a terminal oxidase in the respiratory chain of photobacterium phosphoreum grown under aerobic conditions, was purified to near homogeneity. the purified oxidase complex is composed of equimolar amounts of two polypeptides with molecular weights of 41,000 and 54,000, as determined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. it contains 10.2 nmol of protoheme and 22.5 nmol of iron/mg of protein. the enzyme is a "cytochrome bd-type oxidase," showin ...	1986	3011768
a computer-supported oxystat system maintaining steady-state o2 partial pressures and simultaneously monitoring o2 uptake in biological systems.	a feedback-controlled oxystat system is described maintaining steady-state o2 partial pressures (po2) between 0.01 mmhg (14 nm-o2) and 150 mmhg (210 microm-o2) and simultaneously monitoring o2 uptake at rates between 0.1 and 120 microm-o2 x min-1 in suspensions of cells, in subcellular fractions and in solutions of enzymes. at po2 values between 0.2 and 150 mmhg (0.28 and 210 microm-o2) a polarographic o2 sensor was used, and below a po2 of 0.2 mmhg (0.28 microm-o2) the o2-dependent luminescence ...	1986	3024624
determination of antibiotic activities with the aid of luminous bacteria.		1986	3029542
cloning and expression of the photobacterium phosphoreum luminescence system demonstrates a unique lux gene organization.	the organization of the lux structural genes (a-e) in photobacterium phosphoreum has been determined and a new gene designated as luxf discovered. the p. phosphoreum luminescence system was cloned into escherichia coli using a pbr322 vector and identified by cross-hybridization with vibrio fischeri lux dna. the lux genes were located by specific expression of p. phosphoreum dna fragments in the t7-phage polymerase/promoter system in e. coli and identification of the labeled polypeptide products. ...	1988	3049575
highly repetitive trna(pro)-trna(his) gene cluster from photobacterium phosphoreum.	a dna fragment comprising the four trna gene sequences of the escherichia coli argt locus hybridized with two sau3a-generated dna fragments from the vibrio photobacterium phosphoreum (atcc 11040). detailed sequence analysis of the longer fragment shows the following gene organization: 5'-promoter-trna(pro)-trnapro-trna(pro)-trna(his)-trna(pro)-trna(pro)- trna(his)-trna(pro)-five pseudogenes derived from the upstream trnapro interspersed by putative rho-independent terminators. this sequence demo ...	1988	3056906
the transcription of bacterial luminescence is regulated by sigma 32.	luminescence in the marine bacterium, vibrio fischeri, is regulated by a small molecule, the autoinducer. the transcription of the v. fischeri lux genes also requires a regulatory protein, (luxr), camp and crp. we show that, apart from these components, the transcription of the pr lux operon is also controlled by the activity of sigma 32 (htpr protein). in luminescent escherichia coli (e. coli/pchv1), as well as in different marine luminous bacteria and their naturally occurring dark (k) variant ...	1988	3063068
interaction of lectins from gonads and haemolymph of the sea hare aplysia with bacteria.	gonads and haemolymph of two mediterranean species of aplysia (a. depilans and a. fasciata) contain lectins. a. depilans gonad lectin is specific for d-galacturonic acid and d-galactosides, while its haemolymph agglutinin binds n-acetylated sugars. a. fasciata gonad lectin is also specific for d-galacturonic acid, but its haemolymph haemagglutinin exhibits heterogenic specificity. both aplysia gonad lectin and haemolymph agglutinins interact with bacteria, including certain escherichia coli stra ...	1986	3091995
interaction of aflatoxin b1 and cyclopiazonic acid toxicities.	toxic properties of the mycotoxins cyclopiazonic acid and aflatoxin b1 have been analyzed separately and in combination by monitoring their effects on luminescence in the marine bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum, strain ncmb 844. genotoxicity was analyzed with a dark mutant of this organism whose reversion to the bioluminescent condition is stimulated by compounds attacking guanine sites in deoxyribonucleic acids. in this assay, cyclopiazonic acid, unlike aflatoxin b1, is not enhanced by cycl ...	1987	3130566
aeromonas schubertii, a new mannitol-negative species found in human clinical specimens.	in 1983 the vernacular name enteric group 501 was coined for a group of strains that had been referred to our laboratory as "possible vibrio damsela that does not require nacl for growth." by dna-dna hybridization (hydroxyapatite method, 32p, 60 and 75 degrees c), six strains of enteric group 501 were closely related to the labeled strain 2446-81 (70 to 95% at 60 degrees c and 71 to 93% at 75 degrees c; 0 to 1% divergence). type strains of all aeromonas species and reference strains of six other ...	1988	3139706
nucleotide sequence of part of photobacterium leiognathi lux region.		1988	3186447
tandemly repeated trna pseudogenes in photobacterium.	a region distal to three trna genes in photobacterium phosphoreum, a gram-negative eubacterium, unexpectedly contains a high number of repeated dna segments that are closely related to the adjacent trnapro gene. the 5' to 3' order of this cluster is trnapro-trnahis-trnapro followed by eight trnapro-like structures interspersed by rho-independent terminators. the two trnapro genes, which are identical, and the trnahis gene have 86% and 87% positional identity, respectively, to their counterparts ...	1988	3194413
detection of genotoxicity of metallic compounds by the bacterial bioluminescence test.	twenty metallic compounds were assayed for their genotoxic mutagenic activity by the bioluminescence test restoration of the luminescence of dark mutant of the luminous bacterium photobacterium fischeri). the activity of the metals was tested in a liquid medium as well as on a solid medium. k2cr2o7, mncl2, becl2, kh2aso4, zncl2 and na2wo4 showed strong activity in liquid medium while agno3, cd(oocch3)2, cocl2, cucl2, hgcl2, na2seo3 and pb(no3)2 were more active in the solid medium test. bacl2, n ...	1988	3213595
prediction of environmental fate and effects of heteroatomic polycyclic aromatics by qsars: the position of n-octanol/water partition coefficients.	the hplc and tlc retention, n-octanol/water partition coefficients (log kow), bioconcentration factors, and acute toxicity data of 29 heteroatomic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 7 parent polycyclic aromatics were determined experimentally. for the same set of compounds, molecular weights, fragmental log kow values, and molecular connectivities were calculated. quantitation of the mathematical relationships between the variables was used to validate the predictive potential of various param ...	1988	3268116
initiation and control of the bioluminescent symbiosis between photobacterium leiognathi and leiognathid fish.		1987	3304077
isolation of the lux genes from photobacterium leiognathi and expression in escherichia coli.	genes necessary for luminescence (lux genes) in the marine bacterium photobacterium leiognathi, strain pl721, were isolated and expressed in escherichia coli. a 15-kb fragment obtained from a partial digestion of pl721 dna with hindiii was cloned into the plasmid pacyc184, resulting in the hybrid plasmid psd721. when psd721 was transformed into e. coli ed8654, the resulting transformants were luminous with no additions to the cells, indicating that it contained the structural genes coding for th ...	1987	3308637
difference between amino acid residues in the metal-ligand environments of iron- and manganese-superoxide dismutases.	alignment of the amino acid sequences of the pseudomonas ovalis and photobacterium leiognathi iron-superoxide dismutases (fe-sods) with the known sequences of the manganese-superoxide dismutases (mn-sods) shows that both types of sod are highly homologous (33-53% identity) and share residues for the metal coordination. the amino acid residues that form the environment of the metal ions appear to be also conserved between the fe- and mn-sods, except that the phe-84 and gln-154 in the mn-sods are ...	1988	3382418
[nucleotide sequence of genes for alpha- and beta-subunits of luciferase from photobacterium leiognathi].	nucleotide sequence of the photobacterium leiognathi dna containing genes of alpha and beta subunits of luciferase has been determined. we also deduced amino acid sequence and molecular mass of luciferase and localized luciferase genes in the sequenced dna fragment.	1988	3382442
use of microtox for assessing copper complexation with organic compounds.		1988	3408268
assessing detoxification of a complex hazardous waste, using the microtox bioassay.		1988	3408269
a new lux gene in bioluminescent bacteria codes for a protein homologous to the bacterial luciferase subunits.	the nucleotide sequence of a new gene, luxf, located between the luxb and e genes in the bioluminescent system of photobacterium phosphoreum has been determined. the luxf gene codes for a polypeptide of 231 amino acids which is homologous to the alpha and beta subunits of luciferase coded by the luxa and luxb genes, respectively. the degree of homology of the luxf protein is very high with the beta subunit of luciferase (approximately 30% identity) with greatest similarity to the vibrio luxb pro ...	1988	3415691
high pressure and anesthesia: pressure stimulates or inhibits bacterial bioluminescence depending upon temperature.	although high pressure is often viewed as a nonspecific stimulus counteracting anesthesia, pressure can either excite or inhibit biological activity depending on the temperature at application. temperature and pressure are two independent variables that determine equilibrium quantity, e.g., the state of organisms in terms of activity and anesthesia depth. we used the light intensity of luminous bacteria (vibrio fischeri) as an activity parameter, and studied the effects of pressure and anestheti ...	1988	3421502
cyclic fluctuations in fasting serum bile acid levels detected with a sensitive enzyme/bioluminescent assay.	a sensitive two-step bioluminescent assay for total serum bile acids was developed using commercially available enzymes. in the first step, the bile acids present in 10 microl of alkali-treated serum were oxidised at ph 9.5 by high purity 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to form nadh. then, nadh was quantitated at ph 6.5 under optimal conditions for bioluminescence using fmn:nadh oxidoreductase and luciferase from photobacterium fischeri. the enzyme/bioluminescent assay correlated well with ...	1987	3480084
free radical participation in bacterial bioluminescence.	the metastable intermediate ii produced on reaction of bacterial luciferase with reduced flavin mononucleotide and o2, reacts with any of several stable free radicals to produce bioluminescence. the bioluminescence spectrum is very similar to that from the well-studied intermediate ii and aldehyde reaction, and the number of photons per luciferase molecule reacted is at least 40% of the aldehyde reaction.	1986	3505234
structural identity between the iron- and manganese-containing superoxide dismutases.	we have recently reported the first complete amino acid sequence of an iron-containing superoxide dismutase. the iron enzyme is thought to be closely homologous to the manganese-containing superoxide dismutases. the availability of complete amino acid sequence information for four manganese superoxide dismutases and the crystal structures for two iron and two manganese superoxide dismutases prompted us to investigate the degree of homology between the two proteins at various levels. we report th ...	1987	3508288
strain variation in bacteriocuprein superoxide dismutase from symbiotic photobacterium leiognathi.	photobacterium leiognathi atcc 25521 (the type strain and light-organ symbiont of ponyfish) is one of the few bacteria that produces a copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, termed bacteriocuprein. we enzymologically and immunologically characterized the bacteriocuprein superoxide dismutases in sonicates from the type strain and nine additional strains of p. leiognathi, each isolated from the light organ of a separate ponyfish specimen, representing seven ponyfish species. the results indicate consid ...	1986	3511030
determination of the activity of 16 hydrazine derivatives in the bioluminescence test for genotoxic agents.	the activity of 16 hydrazine derivatives was determined in the bioluminescence test for genotoxic agents (blt). hydrazine compounds that were shown to exert mutagenic activity in the ames test were also active in the blt. isoniazid and p-tolylhydrazine which reacted as weak mutagens in the ames test were highly active in the blt.	1986	3513001
the primary structure of iron-superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi.	the complete amino acid sequence of iron-superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi was determined. the sequence was deduced following characterization of the peptides obtained from tryptic, chymotryptic, and staphylococcus aureus v-8 protease digests of the apoprotein. the amino acid sequence listed below is made up of 193 residues. it is the first complete sequence to be determined for an iron-superoxide dismutase. the iron-superoxide dismutase shows the same order of homology with th ...	1987	3542995
antagonism between selenium and humic acid.	in this work, two groups of experiments have been done by using mice and luminous bacteria. the results show that there exists an antagonism in toxicity between selenium and humic acid (ha) extracted from the drinking water in kaschin beck disease regions. in order to study the chemical mechanism of the antagonism, gel filtration and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques have been used to study the chemical bonding of the synthetic ha-se in solution. the relationship between se and ha in t ...	1987	3602982