Publications

interaction between luciferases from various species of bioluminescent bacteria and the yellow fluorescent protein of vibrio fischeri strain y-1.	the interaction of the yellow fluorescent protein (yfp) from vibrio fischeri strain y-1 with luciferases from other bioluminescent bacterial strains have been studied. addition of purified yfp to a y-1 luciferase assay results in enhancement of the intensity of blue (484 nm) bioluminescence and a new peak in the emission spectrum at about 540 nm. the bimodal spectrum also resulted when the luciferase used in the reaction was isolated from the species v. fischeri atcc 7744, v. fischeri y-1, photo ...	1989	2742584
toxicological properties of thio- and alkylphenols causing flavor tainting in fish from the upper wisconsin river.	ec50 microtox (5 min, 25 degrees c) assay values for 2-isopropylphenol, 3-isopropylphenol, 4-isopropylphenol, 2,4-diisopropylphenol, 2,5-diisopropylphenol 2,6-diisopropylphenol, 3,5-diisopropylphenol, carvacrol, thymol, thiophenol, and thiocresol ranged from 2 x 10(-2) mm for thymol (least toxic) to 2 x 10(-4) mm for 2,4-diisopropylphenol and 4-isopropylphenol (most toxic).	1989	2809079
stable-light-emitting escherichia coli as a biosensor.	we have studied possibilities for constructing escherichia coli strains capable of producing stable light. light production in e. coli is achieved by cloning the genes encoding bacterial luciferase from vibrio harveyi. to gain the advantage of sensitive detection of light we transferred the genes under the control of a strong, regulatable promoter system. stabilization of light produced by e. coli clones was accomplished by finding the optimal plasmid construction and growth conditions as well a ...	1989	2678927
use of microtox for assessing copper complexation with organic compounds.		1988	3408268
assessing detoxification of a complex hazardous waste, using the microtox bioassay.		1988	3408269
[cloning and insertion mutagenesis of dna fragment coding for the luminescent system of photobacterium leiognathi].	fragments of dna, obtained from the luminescent bacterium photobacterium leiognathi and inserted into the plasmid pbr322, were found to code for the luminescence expressed in e. coli cells. the genetic functions necessary for light production in e. coli are localized on a dna fragment of about 7 kbp. the insertion mutagenesis was used to define the luminescence functions encoded by the hybrid plasmid.	1988	2852774
aeromonas schubertii, a new mannitol-negative species found in human clinical specimens.	in 1983 the vernacular name enteric group 501 was coined for a group of strains that had been referred to our laboratory as "possible vibrio damsela that does not require nacl for growth." by dna-dna hybridization (hydroxyapatite method, 32p, 60 and 75 degrees c), six strains of enteric group 501 were closely related to the labeled strain 2446-81 (70 to 95% at 60 degrees c and 71 to 93% at 75 degrees c; 0 to 1% divergence). type strains of all aeromonas species and reference strains of six other ...	1988	3139706
[nucleotide sequence of genes for alpha- and beta-subunits of luciferase from photobacterium leiognathi].	nucleotide sequence of the photobacterium leiognathi dna containing genes of alpha and beta subunits of luciferase has been determined. we also deduced amino acid sequence and molecular mass of luciferase and localized luciferase genes in the sequenced dna fragment.	1988	3382442
nucleotide sequence of part of photobacterium leiognathi lux region.		1988	3186447
tandemly repeated trna pseudogenes in photobacterium.	a region distal to three trna genes in photobacterium phosphoreum, a gram-negative eubacterium, unexpectedly contains a high number of repeated dna segments that are closely related to the adjacent trnapro gene. the 5' to 3' order of this cluster is trnapro-trnahis-trnapro followed by eight trnapro-like structures interspersed by rho-independent terminators. the two trnapro genes, which are identical, and the trnahis gene have 86% and 87% positional identity, respectively, to their counterparts ...	1988	3194413
detection of genotoxicity of metallic compounds by the bacterial bioluminescence test.	twenty metallic compounds were assayed for their genotoxic mutagenic activity by the bioluminescence test restoration of the luminescence of dark mutant of the luminous bacterium photobacterium fischeri). the activity of the metals was tested in a liquid medium as well as on a solid medium. k2cr2o7, mncl2, becl2, kh2aso4, zncl2 and na2wo4 showed strong activity in liquid medium while agno3, cd(oocch3)2, cocl2, cucl2, hgcl2, na2seo3 and pb(no3)2 were more active in the solid medium test. bacl2, n ...	1988	3213595
a new lux gene in bioluminescent bacteria codes for a protein homologous to the bacterial luciferase subunits.	the nucleotide sequence of a new gene, luxf, located between the luxb and e genes in the bioluminescent system of photobacterium phosphoreum has been determined. the luxf gene codes for a polypeptide of 231 amino acids which is homologous to the alpha and beta subunits of luciferase coded by the luxa and luxb genes, respectively. the degree of homology of the luxf protein is very high with the beta subunit of luciferase (approximately 30% identity) with greatest similarity to the vibrio luxb pro ...	1988	3415691
prediction of environmental fate and effects of heteroatomic polycyclic aromatics by qsars: the position of n-octanol/water partition coefficients.	the hplc and tlc retention, n-octanol/water partition coefficients (log kow), bioconcentration factors, and acute toxicity data of 29 heteroatomic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 7 parent polycyclic aromatics were determined experimentally. for the same set of compounds, molecular weights, fragmental log kow values, and molecular connectivities were calculated. quantitation of the mathematical relationships between the variables was used to validate the predictive potential of various param ...	1988	3268116
high pressure and anesthesia: pressure stimulates or inhibits bacterial bioluminescence depending upon temperature.	although high pressure is often viewed as a nonspecific stimulus counteracting anesthesia, pressure can either excite or inhibit biological activity depending on the temperature at application. temperature and pressure are two independent variables that determine equilibrium quantity, e.g., the state of organisms in terms of activity and anesthesia depth. we used the light intensity of luminous bacteria (vibrio fischeri) as an activity parameter, and studied the effects of pressure and anestheti ...	1988	3421502
cloning and expression of the photobacterium phosphoreum luminescence system demonstrates a unique lux gene organization.	the organization of the lux structural genes (a-e) in photobacterium phosphoreum has been determined and a new gene designated as luxf discovered. the p. phosphoreum luminescence system was cloned into escherichia coli using a pbr322 vector and identified by cross-hybridization with vibrio fischeri lux dna. the lux genes were located by specific expression of p. phosphoreum dna fragments in the t7-phage polymerase/promoter system in e. coli and identification of the labeled polypeptide products. ...	1988	3049575
highly repetitive trna(pro)-trna(his) gene cluster from photobacterium phosphoreum.	a dna fragment comprising the four trna gene sequences of the escherichia coli argt locus hybridized with two sau3a-generated dna fragments from the vibrio photobacterium phosphoreum (atcc 11040). detailed sequence analysis of the longer fragment shows the following gene organization: 5'-promoter-trna(pro)-trnapro-trna(pro)-trna(his)-trna(pro)-trna(pro)- trna(his)-trna(pro)-five pseudogenes derived from the upstream trnapro interspersed by putative rho-independent terminators. this sequence demo ...	1988	3056906
the transcription of bacterial luminescence is regulated by sigma 32.	luminescence in the marine bacterium, vibrio fischeri, is regulated by a small molecule, the autoinducer. the transcription of the v. fischeri lux genes also requires a regulatory protein, (luxr), camp and crp. we show that, apart from these components, the transcription of the pr lux operon is also controlled by the activity of sigma 32 (htpr protein). in luminescent escherichia coli (e. coli/pchv1), as well as in different marine luminous bacteria and their naturally occurring dark (k) variant ...	1988	3063068
difference between amino acid residues in the metal-ligand environments of iron- and manganese-superoxide dismutases.	alignment of the amino acid sequences of the pseudomonas ovalis and photobacterium leiognathi iron-superoxide dismutases (fe-sods) with the known sequences of the manganese-superoxide dismutases (mn-sods) shows that both types of sod are highly homologous (33-53% identity) and share residues for the metal coordination. the amino acid residues that form the environment of the metal ions appear to be also conserved between the fe- and mn-sods, except that the phe-84 and gln-154 in the mn-sods are ...	1988	3382418
[comparative restriction analysis of chromosomal dna of strains of photobacterium leiognathi].	chromosomal dna in 5 hereditary variants occurring in photobacterium leiognathi population was subjected to restriction analysis. the variants differed in the levels and regulation of luminescence and colony morphology. agarose electrophoresis of dna fragments isolated after exposure to hind ii, bam hi, bgl i and pst i restriction endonucleases revealed respectively 38, 28, 35 and 29 fragments equally distributed by their molecular weights. electrophoregrams of the 5 strains were absolutely iden ...	1988	2837154
dna sequence of a gene cluster coding for subunits of the f0 membrane sector of atp synthase in rhodospirillum rubrum. support for modular evolution of the f1 and f0 sectors.	a region was cloned from the genome of the purple non-sulphur photobacterium rhodospirillum rubrum that contains genes coding for the membrane protein subunits of the f0 sector of atp synthase. the clone was identified by hybridization with a synthetic oligonucleotide designed on the basis of the known protein sequence of the dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide-reactive proteolipid, or subunit c. the complete nucleotide sequence of 4240 bp of this region was determined. it is separate from an operon descr ...	1988	2902844
the effects of humic acid on the chemical and biological properties of selenium in the environment.	to shed light on the causes of kaschin-beck disease, which can be prevented by supplementation of the diet with sodium selenite, the interactions between inorganic selenium compounds (selenite and selenate) and humic/fulvic acid were investigated. selenate was found to be slowly reduced to selenite by humic acid in acidic solution. selenite was adsorbed on manganese dioxide and iron(iii) oxide from solution to a much greater degree than on kaolin, humic acid, yongshu soil, or silicon dioxide. fe ...	1987	2954209
interaction of aflatoxin b1 and cyclopiazonic acid toxicities.	toxic properties of the mycotoxins cyclopiazonic acid and aflatoxin b1 have been analyzed separately and in combination by monitoring their effects on luminescence in the marine bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum, strain ncmb 844. genotoxicity was analyzed with a dark mutant of this organism whose reversion to the bioluminescent condition is stimulated by compounds attacking guanine sites in deoxyribonucleic acids. in this assay, cyclopiazonic acid, unlike aflatoxin b1, is not enhanced by cycl ...	1987	3130566
cyclic fluctuations in fasting serum bile acid levels detected with a sensitive enzyme/bioluminescent assay.	a sensitive two-step bioluminescent assay for total serum bile acids was developed using commercially available enzymes. in the first step, the bile acids present in 10 microl of alkali-treated serum were oxidised at ph 9.5 by high purity 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to form nadh. then, nadh was quantitated at ph 6.5 under optimal conditions for bioluminescence using fmn:nadh oxidoreductase and luciferase from photobacterium fischeri. the enzyme/bioluminescent assay correlated well with ...	1987	3480084
structural identity between the iron- and manganese-containing superoxide dismutases.	we have recently reported the first complete amino acid sequence of an iron-containing superoxide dismutase. the iron enzyme is thought to be closely homologous to the manganese-containing superoxide dismutases. the availability of complete amino acid sequence information for four manganese superoxide dismutases and the crystal structures for two iron and two manganese superoxide dismutases prompted us to investigate the degree of homology between the two proteins at various levels. we report th ...	1987	3508288
the primary structure of iron-superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi.	the complete amino acid sequence of iron-superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi was determined. the sequence was deduced following characterization of the peptides obtained from tryptic, chymotryptic, and staphylococcus aureus v-8 protease digests of the apoprotein. the amino acid sequence listed below is made up of 193 residues. it is the first complete sequence to be determined for an iron-superoxide dismutase. the iron-superoxide dismutase shows the same order of homology with th ...	1987	3542995
antagonism between selenium and humic acid.	in this work, two groups of experiments have been done by using mice and luminous bacteria. the results show that there exists an antagonism in toxicity between selenium and humic acid (ha) extracted from the drinking water in kaschin beck disease regions. in order to study the chemical mechanism of the antagonism, gel filtration and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques have been used to study the chemical bonding of the synthetic ha-se in solution. the relationship between se and ha in t ...	1987	3602982
new selective and differential medium for vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus.	thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar has been routinely used for the isolation of pathogenic vibrios, although its selectivity for vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus is inadequate. therefore, a new plating medium, cellobiose-polymyxin b-colistin agar, was developed for the isolation of these two species. cellobiose-polymyxin b-colistin agar demonstrated a significant advantage over other media designed for the isolation or differentiation of vibrios: of both the 136 strains representin ...	1987	3674873
[cloning and expression of genes of the luminescence system in photobacterium leiognathi].	the genes of photobacterium leiognathi luminescence system were cloned in plasmid puc18. escherichia coli cells harboring a recombinant plasmid pphl1 are luminescent. pphl1 contains luciferase genes and genes responsible for aldehyde biosynthesis. the luminescence of escherichia coli is subject to autoinductor regulation similar to the one existing in luminescent bacteria. the 2.7 kb fragment of photobacterium leiognathi dna containing the genes for alpha- and beta-luciferase subunits were clone ...	1987	3683427
initiation and control of the bioluminescent symbiosis between photobacterium leiognathi and leiognathid fish.		1987	3304077
amino acid sequence of iron-superoxide dismutase from pseudomonas ovalis.	the amino acid sequence of iron-superoxide dismutase from pseudomonas ovalis was deduced by the analyses of peptides derived from limited hydrolysis of the aminoethylated or pyridylethylated apoprotein with trypsin, staphylococcus aureus v8 protease, and dilute acid hydrolysis. the polypeptide chain contains 195 amino acid residues and has a calculated mr of 21,421. the sequence is highly homologous (65% identity) to the recently published sequence of the iron-superoxide dismutase from photobact ...	1987	3666146
isolation of the lux genes from photobacterium leiognathi and expression in escherichia coli.	genes necessary for luminescence (lux genes) in the marine bacterium photobacterium leiognathi, strain pl721, were isolated and expressed in escherichia coli. a 15-kb fragment obtained from a partial digestion of pl721 dna with hindiii was cloned into the plasmid pacyc184, resulting in the hybrid plasmid psd721. when psd721 was transformed into e. coli ed8654, the resulting transformants were luminous with no additions to the cells, indicating that it contained the structural genes coding for th ...	1987	3308637
bacteriocuprein superoxide dismutase of photobacterium leiognathi. isolation and sequence of the gene and evidence for a precursor form.	the gene encoding the bacteriocuprein superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi, american type culture collection strain 25521, was cloned in a puc12 vector and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence predicted a 22-residue leader peptide amino-terminal to the known bacteriocuprein sequence. the expected precursor bacteriocuprein was directly identified in the in vitro translation products of the cloned gene by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and automated edman degradation. enzymaticall ...	1987	3805055
spectroscopic investigations of the single tryptophan residue and of riboflavin and 7-oxolumazine bound to lumazine apoprotein from photobacterium leiognathi.	spectroscopic techniques have been applied to investigate the conformation, local structure, and dynamic properties of the apoprotein of the lumazine protein from photobacterium leiognathi and the holoprotein reconstituted with either the natural ligand 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine or the closely related analogues riboflavin and 6-methyl-7-oxo-8-ribityllumazine (7-oxolumazine). the analogues are bound similarly to the natural prosthetic group. they exhibit similar shifts on binding in their ab ...	1987	3828324
primary structure of cu-zn superoxide dismutase of brassica oleracea proves homology with corresponding enzymes of animals, fungi and prokaryotes.	the complete amino-acid sequence of cu-zn superoxide dismutase from white cabbage (brassica oleracea) is reported. the polypeptide chain consists of 151 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 15,604 da. the primary structure of the reduced and s-carboxymethylated protein was determined by automated solid phase sequence analysis of tryptic fragments and peptides obtained by digestion with staphylococcus aureus proteinase v8. the protein shows a free amino terminus as was found for all non-mammal ...	1986	3790249
selenium mediated reduction of the toxicity expression of cigarette smoke condensate in photobacterium phosphoreum.		1986	3947767
strain variation in bacteriocuprein superoxide dismutase from symbiotic photobacterium leiognathi.	photobacterium leiognathi atcc 25521 (the type strain and light-organ symbiont of ponyfish) is one of the few bacteria that produces a copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, termed bacteriocuprein. we enzymologically and immunologically characterized the bacteriocuprein superoxide dismutases in sonicates from the type strain and nine additional strains of p. leiognathi, each isolated from the light organ of a separate ponyfish specimen, representing seven ponyfish species. the results indicate consid ...	1986	3511030
determination of the activity of 16 hydrazine derivatives in the bioluminescence test for genotoxic agents.	the activity of 16 hydrazine derivatives was determined in the bioluminescence test for genotoxic agents (blt). hydrazine compounds that were shown to exert mutagenic activity in the ames test were also active in the blt. isoniazid and p-tolylhydrazine which reacted as weak mutagens in the ames test were highly active in the blt.	1986	3513001
analogs of the autoinducer of bioluminescence in vibrio fischeri.	the enzymes for luminescence in vibrio fischeri are induced only when a sufficient concentration of a metabolic product (autoinducer) specifically produced by this species accumulates. it has previously been shown that the autoinducer is 3-oxohexanoyl homoserine lactone and that it enters the cells by simple diffusion. to further study the mechanism of induction, we have synthesized several analogs of the autoinducer. the analogs were tested with v. fischeri for their inducing activity and for t ...	1986	3813773
evaluation of a new approach to the safety assessment of biomaterials.	the effectiveness of a bacterial luminescence inhibition assay in assessing the toxicity of compounds which are released from biomaterials was evaluated. luminescence from a strain of bacteria most closely resembling photobacterium phosphoreum was measured. the concentration that inhibited luminescence by 50% (ec50) was determined for selected plasticizers, monomers and additives. the intraperitoneal (i.p.-ald) and intravenous (i.v.-ald) approximate lethal doses were determined using mice. by ra ...	1986	3816615
purification of bacterial luciferase by high-performance liquid chromatography.		1986	3821531
purification and properties of lumazine proteins from photobacterium strains.		1986	3821534
bioluminescence test for genotoxic agents.		1986	3821539
purification of bacterial luciferase by affinity methods.		1986	3821554
purification and properties of a cytochrome b560-d complex, a terminal oxidase of the aerobic respiratory chain of photobacterium phosphoreum.	a cytochrome b560-d complex, a terminal oxidase in the respiratory chain of photobacterium phosphoreum grown under aerobic conditions, was purified to near homogeneity. the purified oxidase complex is composed of equimolar amounts of two polypeptides with molecular weights of 41,000 and 54,000, as determined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. it contains 10.2 nmol of protoheme and 22.5 nmol of iron/mg of protein. the enzyme is a "cytochrome bd-type oxidase," showin ...	1986	3011768
a computer-supported oxystat system maintaining steady-state o2 partial pressures and simultaneously monitoring o2 uptake in biological systems.	a feedback-controlled oxystat system is described maintaining steady-state o2 partial pressures (po2) between 0.01 mmhg (14 nm-o2) and 150 mmhg (210 microm-o2) and simultaneously monitoring o2 uptake at rates between 0.1 and 120 microm-o2 x min-1 in suspensions of cells, in subcellular fractions and in solutions of enzymes. at po2 values between 0.2 and 150 mmhg (0.28 and 210 microm-o2) a polarographic o2 sensor was used, and below a po2 of 0.2 mmhg (0.28 microm-o2) the o2-dependent luminescence ...	1986	3024624
determination of antibiotic activities with the aid of luminous bacteria.		1986	3029542
free radical participation in bacterial bioluminescence.	the metastable intermediate ii produced on reaction of bacterial luciferase with reduced flavin mononucleotide and o2, reacts with any of several stable free radicals to produce bioluminescence. the bioluminescence spectrum is very similar to that from the well-studied intermediate ii and aldehyde reaction, and the number of photons per luciferase molecule reacted is at least 40% of the aldehyde reaction.	1986	3505234
relationship between luminous fish and symbiosis. ii. chemical composition of lipopolysaccharides isolated from symbiotic luminous bacteria in the luminous marine fish, physiculus japonicus.		1986	3702775
multiple regression analysis of toxic interactions: application to the microtox test and general comments.		1986	3708174
comparison of the microtox test with the 96-hr lc50 test for the harpacticoid nitocra spinipes.	a comparison between the static 96-hr lc50 test with the brackish water harpacticoid nitocra spinipes and the microtox (beckman instruments, inc.) screening method has been done. the relationship between the two bioassays were evaluated for 16 pure and technical chemicals and 11 complex effluents from different types of industries. the correlation between the 96-hr lc50 values for nitocra and the 5-, 15-, and 30-min effective concentration (ec50) for pure and technical chemicals had r2 values ra ...	1986	3709402
intersubunit transfer of fatty acyl groups during fatty acid reduction.	fatty acid reduction in photobacterium phosphoreum is catalyzed in a coupled reaction by two enzymes: acyl-protein synthetase, which activates fatty acids (+atp), and a reductase, which reduces activated fatty acids (+nadph) to aldehyde. although the synthetase and reductase can be acylated with fatty acid (+atp) and acyl-coa, respectively, evidence for acyl transfer between these proteins has not yet been obtained. experimental conditions have now been developed to increase significantly (5-30- ...	1986	3782102
interaction of lectins from gonads and haemolymph of the sea hare aplysia with bacteria.	gonads and haemolymph of two mediterranean species of aplysia (a. depilans and a. fasciata) contain lectins. a. depilans gonad lectin is specific for d-galacturonic acid and d-galactosides, while its haemolymph agglutinin binds n-acetylated sugars. a. fasciata gonad lectin is also specific for d-galacturonic acid, but its haemolymph haemagglutinin exhibits heterogenic specificity. both aplysia gonad lectin and haemolymph agglutinins interact with bacteria, including certain escherichia coli stra ...	1986	3091995
regulation and properties of the glutamine synthetase purified from photobacterium phosphoreum.	glutamine synthetase from a marine enterobacterium, photobacterium phosphoreum, was purified to homogeneity from cells grown in glycerol-yeast extract medium. the purified enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 670,000 and a subunit size of 56,000, i.e. larger than that of the enzyme from e. coli. regulation of the glutamine synthetase activity by adenylylation/deadenylylation was demonstrated on snake venom phosphodiesterase treatment. the state of adenylylation appeared to influence bo ...	1986	2870058
solubility properties in polymers and biological media. 7. an analysis of toxicant properties that influence inhibition of bioluminescence in photobacterium phosphoreum (the microtox test).		1986	22185313
acyl-acyl carrier protein as a source of fatty acids for bacterial bioluminescence.	pulse-chase experiments with [(3)h]tetradecanoic acid and atp showed that the bioluminescence-related 32-kda acyltransferase from vibrio harveyi can specifically catalyze the deacylation of a (3)h-labeled 18-kda protein observed in extracts of this bacterium. the 18-kda protein has been partially purified and its physical and chemical properties strongly indicate that it is fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-acp). both this v. harveyi [(3)h]acylprotein and [(3)h]palmitoyl-acp from escherichia ...	1985	16593602
the stimulation of bioluminescence in photobacterium leiognathi as a potential prescreen for antitumor agents.	the stimulation of bioluminescence in photobacterium leiognathi has previously been described as a test for genotoxic compounds. an adaptation of this procedure has been developed which uses a dim variant of p. leiognathi and permits the prescreening of microbial fermentation broths for potential antitumor agents. bioluminescence in this organism was stimulated by compounds which bind to dna or affect dna synthesis. antibiotics with target sites such as protein, cell wall or rna synthesis, did n ...	1985	2999049
membrane-bound 5'-nucleotidase in marine luminous bacteria: biochemical and immunological properties.	a novel 5'-nucleotidase previously described in halophilic vibrio costicola was detected in marine vibrio and photobacterium strains. the enzyme of marine bacteria was similar in its properties to the 5'-nucleotidase of vibrio costicola; it was outwardly oriented in the cytoplasmic membrane and dephosphorylated nucleoside 5'-tri-, di-, and mono-phosphates to respective nucleosides before uptake. the enzyme in marine strains was immunologically cross-reactive with the antibody raised against the ...	1985	2411368
[luminometry and its use in clinical chemistry (review of the literature)].		1985	2416988
chemical characterization of lumazine protein from photobacterium leiognathi: comparison with lumazine protein from photobacterium phosphoreum.	the properties of lumazine proteins purified from the marine bioluminescent bacteria photobacterium phosphoreum, a psychrophile, and photobacterium leiognathi, a relatively thermophilic species, are compared. an accurate 1:1 stoichiometry of binding of the ligand 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine to each lumazine protein is established by back-titration of the apoprotein with the authentic ligand, using both fluorescence and absorption measurements. neither protein contains metal cofactors, organic ...	1985	3986185
chemical properties of thiobarbituric acid-positive substances released from photobacterial lipopolysaccharides during acid hydrolysis.		1985	4094573
nuclease s1 analysis of eubacterial 5s rrna secondary structure.	single-strand-specific nuclease s1 was employed as a structural probe to confirm locations of unpaired nucleotide bases in 5s rrnas purified from prokaryotic species of rrna superfamily i. limited nuclease s1 digests of 3'- and 5'-end-labeled [32p]5s rrnas were electrophoresed in parallel with reference endoribonuclease digests on thin sequencing gels. nuclease s1 primary hydrolysis patterns were comparable for 5s rrnas prepared from all 11 species examined in this study. the locations of base-p ...	1985	3001324
immunological investigation of the distribution of cytochromes related to the two terminal oxidases of escherichia coli in other gram-negative bacteria.	monospecific antibodies were raised against the two terminal oxidase complexes of the aerobic respiratory chain of escherichia coli. these are the cytochrome d and cytochrome o complexes. the antibodies were used to check for the occurrence of cross-reactive antigens in membrane preparations from a variety of gram-negative bacteria by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting techniques. with these criteria, proteins closely related to the cytochrome d complex of e. coli appeared to be wid ...	1985	2981822
a comparison of three microbial assay procedures for measuring toxicity of chemical residues.		1985	3907513
fatty acyl-amp as an intermediate in fatty acid reduction to aldehyde in luminescent bacteria.	the acyl protein synthetase component (50k) of the fatty acid reductase complex from the luminescent system of photobacterium phosphoreum has been found to catalyze the activation of fatty acid via formation of an enzyme bound acyl-amp (carboxyphosphate mixed anhydride) immediately prior to the acylation of the enzyme. ppi-atp exchange and nucleotide binding experiments are dependent on fatty acid and indicate that the fatty acyl-amp is directly formed and that an adenylated enzyme intermediate ...	1985	3968067
spectral properties and function of two lumazine proteins from photobacterium.	the spectral properties are compared for two 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine proteins from marine bioluminescent bacteria, one from a psychrophile, photobacterium phosphoreum, and the other from a thermophile, photobacterium leiognathi. the visible spectral properties, which are the ones by which the protein performs its biological function of bioluminescence emission, are almost the same for the two proteins: at 2 degrees c and 50 mm pi, ph 7, fluorescence quantum yield phi f = 0.59 and 0.54, re ...	1985	3986186
physical characterization of lumazine proteins from photobacterium.	the physicochemical properties of photobacterium lumazine proteins have been investigated. the molecular weights obtained by several physical techniques are in good agreement, and the averages are 2% and 8% higher than the minimum molecular weights from amino acid and ligand content. the average molecular weights, sedimentation coefficients, and molecular radii are respectively the following: photobacterium leiognathi lumazine protein, 21 200 +/- 300, 2.18 s, and 22.9 a; photobacterium phosphore ...	1985	3986187
determination of rotational correlation times from deconvoluted fluorescence anisotropy decay curves. demonstration with 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine and lumazine protein from photobacterium leiognathi as fluorescent indicators.	the experimental and analytical protocols required for obtaining rotational correlation times of biological macromolecules from fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements are described. as an example, the lumazine protein from photobacterium leiognathi was used. this stable protein (mr 21 200) contains the noncovalently bound, natural fluorescent marker 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine, which has in the bound state a long fluorescence lifetime (tau = 14 ns). shortening of the fluorescence lifetime ...	1985	3986188
quantitative structure-activity relationships and mixture toxicity of organic chemicals in photobacterium phosphoreum: the microtox test.	quantitative structure-activity relationships were calculated for the inhibition of bioluminescence of photobacterium phosphoreum by 22 nonreactive organic chemicals. the inhibition was measured using the microtox test and correlated with the partition coefficient between n-octanol and water (poct), molar refractivity (mr), and molar volume (mw/d). at log poct less than 1 and greater than 3, deviations from linearity were observed. introduction of mr and mw/d improved the quality of the relation ...	1985	3987587
the presence of a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in the bacterium photobacterium leiognathi: a likely case of gene transfer from eukaryotes to prokaryotes.	the free-living bacterium photobacterium leiognathi is also known to be a symbiont of ponyfish. the presence of a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in p. leiognathi has been considered to be a case of gene transfer from eukaryotes to prokaryotes because this form of superoxide dismutase is normally present only in higher eukaryotic species. however, the amino acid sequence of the enzyme from the bacterium exhibited low identities (25-30%) with the same enzyme from eukaryotes. when amino acid muta ...	1985	3855538
identity of the metal ligands in the manganese- and iron-containing superoxide dismutases.	alignment of the amino acid sequence of peptides obtained following digestion of photobacterium leiognathi iron superoxide dismutase with the known sequence of bacillus stearothermophilus manganese superoxide dismutase shows that the residues found to form ligands to the manganese are conserved in the iron enzyme. this indicates that the metal ligands in both proteins are identical.	1985	3967757
purification of lumazine proteins from photobacterium leiognathi and photobacterium phosphoreum: bioluminescence properties.	bright strains of the marine bioluminescent bacterium photobacterium leiognathi produce a "lumazine protein" in amounts comparable to that previously found in photobacterium phosphoreum. new protocols are developed for the purification to homogeneity of the proteins from both species in yields up to 60%. in dimmer strains the amounts of lumazine protein in extracts are less, and also there is an accompanying shift of the bioluminescence spectral maximum to longer wavelength, 492 nm. both types o ...	1985	3986184
osmotic control of luminescence and growth in photobacterium leiognathi from ponyfish light organs.	osmolarity was found to control the luminescence and growth of photobacterium leiognathi strain ln-1a isolated from the light organ of the ponyfish leiognathus nuchalis (family leiognathidae). low osmolarity (ca. 400 mosm) stimulated luminescence per cell 80 to 100-fold to a level (ca. 2.0 x 10(4) quanta . s-1 . cell-1) equal to that of bacteria taken directly from the light organ and increased the level of luciferase per cell 8 to 10-fold compared to high osmolarity (ca. 800 mosm). conversely, ...	1985	3994483
bacteriocuprein superoxide dismutases in pseudomonads.	two new instances of the rare bacteriocuprein form of superoxide dismutase have been discovered in pseudomonas diminuta and p. maltophilia. each species contains a manganese superoxide dismutase as well. eight other strains of pseudomonas and xanthomonas spp. lacked bacteriocupreins and contained either a manganese or an iron superoxide dismutase. native molecular weights and isoelectric points were determined for all these bacterial dismutases. a monospecific polyclonal antibody was prepared ag ...	1985	3997777
the amino acid sequences of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutases from swordfish and photobacter leiognathi confirm the predictions made from the compositions.	recent suggestions that the amino acid sequence of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutases of swordfish and photobacter leiognathi do not support the theory that the bacterium obtained the gene for the enzyme by transfer from its eucaryotic symbiont [rocha, h. a., bannister, w. h. and bannister, j. v. (1984) eur. j. biochem. 145, 477-484] are examined. the amount of difference between the sequence is in good agreement with expectation from the amino acid compositions. moreover, the gene-transfer h ...	1985	4029137
a comparison of the effects of cyanide, hydrogen peroxide, and phenylglyoxal on eucaryotic and procaryotic cu,zn superoxide dismutases.	the cu,zn superoxide dismutases from bovine liver, yeast, caulobacter crescentus, and photobacter leiognathi were compared for their susceptibilities to inhibition by cyanide and to inactivation by hydrogen peroxide and phenylglyoxal. all of these enzymes were affected by these reagents, albeit with some differences in sensitivity. the yeast and the bacterial enzymes were thus more sensitive to cyanide than was the bovine enzyme, while the bovine and the yeast enzymes were inactivated more rapid ...	1985	4037799
microtox and spirillum volutans tests for assessing toxicity of environmental samples.		1985	4052646
[action of phenobarbital on bacterial luciferase of photobacterium fischeri].	the effect of phenobarbital, a typical substrate of monooxygenases from higher organisms, on bioluminescence of the marine bacterium photobacterium fischeri and bacterial luciferase was studied. phenobarbital was shown to be an effective quenching agent owing to the interaction with cytochrome p-450, a terminal luciferase component. a competitive interrelation was found between phenobarbital and an aliphatic aldehyde, the substrate of the luminescent reaction.	1985	4058324
the ribonucleotide sequence of 5s rrna from two strains of deep-sea barophilic bacteria.	deep-sea bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of animals inhabiting depths of 5900 m in the puerto rico trench and 4300 m near the walvis ridge. growth of two bacterial strains was measured in marine broth and in solid media under a range of pressures and temperatures. both strains were barophilic at 2 degrees c (+/- 1 degrees c) with an optimal growth rate of 0.22 h-1 at a pressure 30% lower than that encountered in situ. at 1 atm they grew at temperatures ranging from 1.2 to 18.2 de ...	1984	6206199
the amino-acid sequence of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from swordfish liver. comparison of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase sequences.	the amino acid sequence of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from swordfish (xiphias gladius) liver has been determined by alignment of the tryptic peptides according to the known sequence of bovine erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. this alignment has resulted in the ligands to the copper (his-47, 49, 76 and 94) and the zinc (his-76, 85, 134 and asp-97) being conserved in all the copper/zinc superoxide dismutases sequenced so far. also conserved in the sequences are the cysteines form ...	1984	6510412
extracellular lumazine from aggregating dictyostelium discoideum cells. influence of ph on its fluorescence.	lumazine has been demonstrated to be one of the two main compounds responsible for the extracellular fluorescence linked with the aggregation ability of dictyostelium discoideum, strain ax-2. the other compound, also having lumazine properties, is, however, different from the 7-hydroxylumazine proposed previously. the influence of ph on the fluorescence of lumazine was studied. the possible use of extracellular pteridines as ph markers was stressed and a method for the determination of the amoun ...	1984	6519644
[lactate dehydrogenase activity and its isoenzyme in a system coupled with bacterial luciferase].	properties of a coupled system "ldh-bacterial luciferase" were studied. the light-generating enzymatic system from luminescent bacteria photobacterium fisheri was used as an indicator of the dehydrogenase activity. kinetic parameters of the coupled system were studied using commercially available preparation of ldh and the enzyme from human blood plasma. the luminescent activity of bacterial preparation was shown to correlate with the activity of ldh and its isoenzymes within wide range of blood ...	1984	6528536
relationship between ion requirements for respiration and membrane transport in a marine bacterium.	intact cells of the marine bacterium alteromonas haloplanktis 214 oxidized nadh, added to the suspending medium, by a process which was stimulated by na+ or li+ but not k+. toluene-treated cells oxidized nadh at three times the rate of untreated cells by a mechanism activated by na+ but not by li+ or k+. in the latter reaction, k+ spared the requirement for na+. intact cells of a. haloplanktis oxidized ethanol by a mechanism stimulated by either na+ or li+. the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric ac ...	1984	6690427
differential acylation in vitro with tetradecanoyl coenzyme a and tetradecanoic acid (+atp) of three polypeptides shown to have induced synthesis in photobacterium phosphoreum.	acylation of extracts of photobacterium phosphoreum at different stages of growth with [3h]tetradecanoic acid (+atp) has shown that two polypeptides found in the fatty acid reductase complex, the fatty acid activating enzyme (50k) and the 34k polypeptide, were specifically labeled during induction of the luminescent system. an alternate method for in vitro acylation of polypeptides in the luminescent system was developed using tetradecanoyl-coa. both the 34k polypeptide and, to a lesser extent, ...	1984	6693412
bioluminescence procedures for the measurement of nad(p) dependent enzyme catalytic activities in submicrogram quantities of rabbit and human nephron structures.	reduced flavin mononucleotide dependent luciferase (ec 1.14.14.3) from photobacterium fischeri has been used to measure nad(p) dependent enzymes in submicrogram quantities of tissue homogenates and isolated structures of rabbit and human kidney. the procedure for measuring nad(p)h was optimized, with internal standardization, to give a linear constant signal between 1 and 100 pmol. this method was applied to the measurement of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.49) and 3-hydroxybutyrate ...	1984	6716053
vibrio harveyi aldehyde dehydrogenase. partial reversal of aldehyde oxidation and its possible role in the reduction of fatty acids for the bioluminescence reaction.	vibrio harveyi aldehyde dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidation of long chain aliphatic aldehydes to acids, has been discovered to have both acyl-coa reductase and thioesterase activities. tetradecanoyl-coa was reduced to tetradecanal in the presence of nad(p)h, as monitored by the stimulation of luciferase activity by the aldehyde product (acyl-coa reductase). in the absence of nadph, [3h]tetradecanoyl-coa was hydrolyzed to the hexane-soluble fatty acid (thioesterase). inhibition data with ...	1984	6725283
growth and luminescence of luminous bacteria on modified haneda's medium.		1984	6727711
bioluminescent toxicity assay of synfuel by-product waters.		1984	6733307
a new rapid and sensitive bioluminescence assay for antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.	a new sensitive, rapid and simple bioluminescence assay for antibiotics inhibiting protein synthesis is described. in this assay the ability of the tested antibiotic to inhibit the de novo synthesis of the enzymes participating in the bacterial luminescence system is determined by means of a dark variant of a luminous bacterium that undergoes prompt induction of the luminescence system with certain dna-intercalating agents. upon induction, the in vivo luminescence of the dark variant is increase ...	1984	6746464
generation of fatty acids by an acyl esterase in the bioluminescent system of photobacterium phosphoreum.	the fatty acid reductase complex from photobacterium phosphoreum has been discovered to have a long chain ester hydrolase activity associated with the 34k protein component of the complex. this protein has been resolved from the other components (50k and 58k) of the fatty acid reductase complex with a purity of greater than 95% and found to catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from acyl-coa primarily to thiol acceptors with a low level of transfer to glycerol and water. addition of the 50k prote ...	1984	6147345
continuous-flow determination of primary bile acids, by bioluminescence, with use of nylon-immobilized bacterial enzymes.	we describe a continuous-flow bioluminescence method for measuring primary bile acid in serum, with nylon as the solid support. 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1. 159), a bacterial luciferase (ec 1.14.14.3), and nad+:fmn oxido-reductase (ec 1.6.8.1) are covalently co-immobilized on a nylon coil (1 m x 1.0 mm i.d.). the assay is highly specific for 7 alpha-hydroxy bile acids. other bile acids and steroids do not interfere. the continuous-flow light-emitting system, in which the react ...	1984	6362913
nucleotide base sequence of vibrionaceae 5 s rrna.	nucleotide base sequences of 5 s rrnas isolated from vibrio vulnificus, vibrio anguillarum, and aeromonas hydrophila were determined. comparisons among these and sequences of 5 s rrnas from other species of vibrionaceae provide information useful in the evaluation of the evolution of bacterial species.	1984	6479333
[metabolic organization of the luminescent system of phosphorescent bacteria].		1983	6418498
[bioluminescence study of nad-dependent dehydrogenase and isoenzyme activity of human blood using soluble and immobilized bacterial luciferase].		1983	6884193
raman spectra of flavin bound in flavodoxins and in other flavoproteins. evidence for structural variations in the flavin-binding region.	the resonance coherent anti-stokes raman scattering (cars) spectra for a number of flavoproteins are found to be fingerprints for the particular type of flavoprotein. one group studied were the bacterial flavodoxins: desulfovibrio vulgaris, desulfovibrio desulfuricans, azotobacter vinelandii, megasphaera elsdenii, clostridium kluyverii and clostridium formicoaceticum. the other examples were the enzymes lactate monooxygenase and glucose oxidase. fmn complexed to vibrio harveyi luciferase, and a ...	1983	6840072
saturation behavior of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from paracoccus denitrificans.	a pulse radiolysis study of the mn-superoxide dismutase from paracoccus denitrificans has shown that, at concentration of 0(2)-. below 0.8 x 10(-4)m, the catalyzed dismutation of 0(2)-. is a first order reaction with regard to 0(2)-.. at concentration of 0(2)-. above 0.8 x 10(-4)m, the mn-superoxide dismutase is shown to catalyze superoxide dismutation with a mechanism which exhibits saturation kinetics. this behavior was previously found in the bovine cu/zn-superoxide dismutase and in the fe-su ...	1983	6860328
evolutionary relationships in vibrio and photobacterium: a basis for a natural classification.		1983	6357056
phagocytosis-induced mutagenesis in bacteria.	dark mutants of the luminous bacteria photobacterium fischeri reverted to hereditary stable luminescent forms when incubated with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn). the maximal mutagenic effect occurred during the first 15 min of phagocytosis, and was dependent on the phagocyte:bacterium ratio as well as on the integrity of the pmn cells. heat-killed phagocytes or disintegrated phagocytes did not show any mutagenic activity, whereas the supernatant of the phagocytosis reaction exerted mu ...	1983	6866004
the effect of radiation on bioluminescent bacteria: possible use of luminescent bacteria as a biological dosemeter.		1983	6867115
nitrogen fixation as evidence for the reducing nature of the early biosphere.	probably the first nitrogen fixers were anaerobic, non-photosynthetic, bacteria, i.e. fermenters. during the evolution of n2 fixation they still needed nitrogen on the oxidation level of ammonia. because of the complexities in structure and function of nitrogenase this evolution must have required a long time. the photosynthetic and later the respiring bacteria inherited the capacity for n2 fixation from the fermenters, but the process did not change a great deal when it was taken over. because ...	1983	6871385
the primary structure of cu-zn superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi: evidence for a separate evolution of cu-zn superoxide dismutase in bacteria.	the complete amino-acid sequence of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase of the photobacterium leiognathi was determined. the fragmentation strategy employed included cyanogen bromide cleavage at its methionine residues and the only tryptophan residue. the s-carboxymethylated chain was further cleaved by means of trypsin, in order to obtain overlapping fragments. for sequence determination automated solid or liquid-phase techniques of edman degradation were used. c-terminal amino acids of the en ...	1983	6884993