Publications

a new approach to separate the genus photobacterium from vibrio with rflp patterns by hhai digestion of pcr-amplified 16s rdna.	a new approach to separate members of the genus photobacterium from the genus vibrio with rflp (restriction fragment length polymorphism) patterns by hhai digestion of pcr-amplified 16s rdna was developed in the present study. it was clearly shown that these patterns of the genus photobacterium were unique and distinguishable from vibrio species. this method is very simple and does not need other supporting procedures, such as southern transfer and probe hybridization. it can be applied not only ...	1998	9516546
quorum sensing: potential means of treating gram-negative infections?		1998	9525356
mass production of bacterial alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase and enzymatic syntheses of sialyloligosaccharides.	to supply alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase for the large-scale synthesis of sialoside, we investigated culture conditions for the production of sialyltransferase 0160. the addition of galactose and beef extract, and control of the ph of the culture medium were effective on the production of sialyltransferase 0160. the maximal enzyme productivity reached 550 units/l. using a crude extract of photobacterium damsela jt0160 cells as an enzyme source, enzymatic syntheses were performed with mono- and di-s ...	1998	9532777
identification of a regulatory protein required for pressure-responsive gene expression in the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium species strain ss9.	here, we report the characterization of a gene necessary for hydrostatic pressure regulation of gene expression in the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium species strain ss9. the deduced amino acid sequence of the gene product shares extensive similarity to toxr, a transmembrane dna-binding protein first discovered as a virulence determinant in the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae. changes in hydrostatic pressure induce changes in both the abundance and the activity of the ss9 toxr protein (or ...	1998	9535087
cloning and expression of a marine bacterial beta-galactoside alpha2,6-sialyltransferase gene from photobacterium damsela jt0160.	sialyltransferase 0160, a bacterial sialyltransferase which catalyzes the incorporation of neuac from cmp-neuac into the galactose residue of the carbohydrate chain at position 6, is produced by photobacterium damsela jt0160. the gene coding for sialyltransferase 0160 (bst) was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli. the sialyltransferase 0160 gene contains an open reading frame of 2,028 base pairs encoding a protein of 675 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence of si ...	1998	9504414
evaluation of the toxicity of guarana with in vitro bioassays.	a natural stimulant, paullinia cupana, commonly called guarana, was tested for its ability to induce in vitro toxicity in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells and bacterial cells (photobacterium phosphoreum). the cytotoxic effects of aqueous guarana extracts were evaluated by three endpoint systems: neutral red (nr) uptake assay, total protein content [kenacid blue (kb)] assay, and tetrazolium (mtt) assay. the microtox test was also used. results indicated that the lowest concentration of guarana t ...	1998	9570905
phenotypic characterization of the marine pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.	the taxonomic position of photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, is controversial as this organism has also been described as 'pasteurella piscicida'. to clarify the taxonomic position of the pathogen, a total of 113 p. damselae subsp. piscicida strains and 20 p. damselae subsp. damselae strains, isolated from different geographical areas and from the main affected fish species, were analysed using 129 morphological and biochemical tests, including ...	1998	9828416
use of an autobioluminescent salmonella hadar to monitor the effects of acid and temperature treatments on cell survival and viability on lactic acid-treated poultry carcasses.	to determine the long-term effects of a lactic acid rinse on viability and recovery of pathogens, salmonella hadar was isolated from poultry and bioluminescent constructs obtained by transformation with the lux (cdabe) gene cassette from photobacterium phosphoreum. results indicated that the transformed salmonella hadar lux was otherwise phenotypically similar to the wild-type strain. viability studies were performed by measuring luminescence following lactic acid treatment of turkey breast and ...	1998	9829182
survival of fish-virulent strains of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae in seawater under starvation conditions.	the survival of fish-virulent strains of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae in seawater microcosms, with and without sediment, was investigated. the strains survived as culturable bacteria at 14 and 22 degrees c for at least 1 year, and infectivity for fish was maintained. at 5 degrees c, cells lost culturability on solid media, but this was recovered when the temperature was increased to 22 degrees c. finally, morphological changes in the bacterium (rod to coccus), and production of vesicl ...	1998	9835027
purification and characterization of nfra1, a bacillus subtilis nitro/flavin reductase capable of interacting with the bacterial luciferase.	ipa-43d is a hypothetical gene identified by the bacillus subtilis genome project (mol. microbiol. 10, 371-384 1993; nature 390, 249-256 1997). the ipa-43d protein overexpressed in e. coli was purified to homogeneity and its properties were analyzed biochemically. the ipa-43d protein was found to be tightly associated with fmn and to be capable of reducing both nitrofurazone and fmn effectively. although the ipa-43d protein catalysis obeys the ping-pong bi-bi mechanism, catalysis mode was change ...	1998	9836433
characteristics analysis of the luza gene encoding chaperone from photobacterium leiognathi related to bioluminescence.	nucleotide sequence of the luza gene (genbank accession no. af039303) from photobacterium leiognathi atcc 25521 (ncimb 2193) has been determined, and the chaperone encoded by the luza gene was deduced. the luza chaperone has a calculated m(r) 26,295 and comprises 230 amino acid residues; the hydrophobic alpha-helix n-terminal 21 amino acid residues mkktifallfmsvfi sypsfa is the leader peptide, therefore the matured luza chaperone has a calculated m(r) 23,871 and comprises 209 amino acid residues ...	1998	9535753
characteristic analysis of the luxg gene encoding the probable flavin reductase that resides in the lux operon of photobacterium leiognathi.	nucleotide sequence of the luxg gene (genbank accession no. af053227) from photobacterium leiognathi pl741 has been determined, and the encoded probable flavin reductase is deduced. the probable flavin reductase encoded by the luxg gene has a calculated m(r) 26,544 and comprises 235 amino acid residues. the probable flavin reductase like the nad(p)h-flavin reductase might catalyze the reduction of flavins. alignment and comparison of the probable flavin reductases from p. leiognathi pl741, atcc ...	1998	9610381
the effect of suspending solution supplemented with marine cations on the oxidation of biolog gn microplate substrates by vibrionaceae bacteria.	bacteria belonging to the family vibrionaceae were suspended using saline and a solution prepared from a marine-cations supplement. the effect of this on the profile of oxidized substrates obtained when using biolog gn microplates was investigated. thirty-nine species belonging to the genera aeromonas, listonella, photobacterium, and vibrio were studied. of the strains studied, species of listonella, photobacterium, and vibrio could be expected to benefit from a marine-cations supplement that co ...	1998	9643966
the efficiency of different phenol-degrading bacteria and activated sludges in detoxification of phenolic leachates.	phenolic composition, toxicity and biodegradability of three different phenolic leachates/samples was studied. samples a and c were the leachates from the oil-shale industry spent shale dumps at kohtla-järve, estonia. sample b was a laboratory-prepared synthetic mixture of 7 phenolic compounds mimmicking the phenolic composition of the leachate a. toxicity of these 3 samples was analyzed using two photobacterial test (biotox and microtox), daphnia test (daphtoxkit f pulex) and rotifiers' test (r ...	1998	9650267
the luxr regulator protein controls synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate in vibrio harveyi.	the luxr regulatory protein of vibrio harveyi has been shown to control synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) as well as luminescence so as to occur at high cell density, suggesting that it is a general regulatory protein. mutants defective in the production of luxr (d1, d34, and mr1130) were found to be missing phb, whose synthesis could be restored by complementation with luxr. triparental mating with a v. harveyi genomic library revealed the presence of three genomic clones (g1, g2 and g3) t ...	1998	9659397
the detection and characterization of genetically programmed responses to environmental stress.	the rapid, accurate, and inexpensive detection of environmental contaminants (and the stress that they engender) is still a major problem worldwide. though assays exist for monitoring these pollutants, they can often be expensive, time-consuming, and require extensive equipment and/or training in order to be effective. research over the past decade has pointed to the measurement of enzymes encoded by genes programmed to respond to particular classes of environmental stress as a means of quantify ...	1998	9668622
photobacterium profundum sp. nov., a new, moderately barophilic bacterial species isolated from a deep-sea sediment.	a novel, moderately barophilic bacterium was isolated from a sediment sample obtained from the ryukyu trench, at a depth of 5110 m. the isolate, designated strain dsj4, is a gram-negative rod capable of growth between 4 degrees c and 18 degrees c under atmospheric pressure, with optimum growth displayed at 10 degrees c, and capable of growth at pressures between 0.1 mpa and 70 mpa at 10 degrees c, with optimum growth displayed at 10 mpa. strain dsj4 is a moderately barophilic bacterium, and show ...	1998	9676237
the extracytoplasmic function sigma factors: role and regulation.	alternative sigma factors provide a means of regulating gene expression in response to various extracellular changes. one such class of sigma factors appears to control a variety of functions, including expression of heat-shock genes in escherichia coli, biosynthesis of alginates and carotenoids in pseudomonas aeruginosa and myxococcus xanthus, respectively, iron uptake in e. coli and pseudomonas spp., nickel and cobalt efflux in alcaligenes europhus, plant pathogenicity in pseudomonas syringae ...	1998	9680198
prediction of water solubility and toxicity of substituted indoles to photobacterium phosphoreum using molecular connectivity indices and quantum chemical parameters.		1998	9841718
the anti-sigma factors.	a mechanism for regulating gene expression at the level of transcription utilizes an antagonist of the sigma transcription factor known as the anti-sigma (anti-sigma) factor. the cytoplasmic class of anti-sigma factors has been well characterized. the class includes asia form bacteriophage t4, which inhibits escherichia coli sigma 70; flgm, present in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which inhibits the flagella sigma factor sigma 28; spoiiab, which inhibits the sporulation-specific ...	1998	9891799
toxicity testing of refinery wastewater using microtox.		1998	9528705
microtox system, a new approach to the safety evaluation of medical devices.	medical devices of both intra- and extra-corporeal applications may contain leachable toxicants that warrant routine testing using internationally recognized/practiced protocols. an in vitro microtox system comprising a selected bioluminescence strain of bacteria-photobacterium phosphorium which emits light as an end product of its respiration, is used to screen out toxicants from biomaterials/devices. a microtox system was standardized and validated in our laboratory conditions. our experiences ...	1998	9777466
methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase is rate limiting for the enzymatic conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate in bifunctional dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase enzymes.	the kinetic properties of three methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase (d/c) enzymes (the nadp-dependent bifunctional domain of the human cytoplasmic trifunctional enzyme, the human mitochondrial nad-dependent bifunctional enzyme, and the nad(p)-dependent bifunctional enzyme from photobacterium phosphoreum) were determined in both forward and reverse directions. in the forward direction, the enzymes possess widely different ratios of kcat c/kcat d, but all channel methenylh4folat ...	1998	9454603
on the coordination and oxidation states of the active-site copper ion in prokaryotic cu,zn superoxide dismutases.	the active-site copper ion of the prokaryotic cu,zn superoxide dismutase from p. leiognathi is found to undergo reversible reduction upon irradiation of the protein solution with a high-intensity x-ray beam from a third-generation synchrotron source. the same phenomenon is observed for the enzyme crystals, whose diffraction pattern has been obtained from synchrotron sources. in this case the active-site copper-ligand coordination bond lengths and in particular the cu-ne2(his61) distance are cons ...	1998	9731178
ecotoxicological assessment of ashes and particulate matter from fluidized bed combustion of coal.	toxicity of ash and particulate matter from the gases generated in coal fluidized bed combustion (fbc) has been determined by the microtox assay according to the standard leachate procedure. results are compared with the polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) content of the particulate matter, which was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. although pahs are considered highly toxic compounds, the low ecotoxicity values obtained could be explained by the low solubility of the compounds in water. ...	1998	9756690
bacteriocin activity and probiotic activity of aeromonas media.	three strains of aeromonas media (161, a164 and a199) were shown to be active in-vitro producers of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (blis). for example, the producer strain, aer. media a199, displayed antagonistic activity against all strains tested of aer. caviae, aer. hydrophila, aer. salmonicida, aer. veronii var. sobria, listonella anguillarum, photobacterium damsella, eight species of vibrio and yersinia ruckeri. because of this wide-ranging activity against fish/shellfish pathogens, ...	1998	21182714
15n metabolic test for the determination of phytotoxic effects of chemicals and contaminated environmental samples.	a stable isotope(15)n-nitrogen test (esima = ecotoxicological stable isotope metabolic assay) was developed to assess biological effects and the potential toxicological hazard of chemicals and contaminated environmental samples on plant metabolism. the assay measures the effect of toxicants on the incorporation of a(15)n labelled tracer into the total nitrogen fraction (both the nonprotein and protein fraction) of plants. segments of pisum arvense epicotyls are used as test substrates because of ...	1999	19009406
beta-cyclodextrin(beta-cd) influence on the biotoxicities of substituted benzene compounds and pesticide intermediates.	the acute toxicities of 19 substituted benzene compounds and intermediates of pesticides to photobacterium phosphoreum in beta-cd aqueous solution (5 g/l) were studied and compared with those in water through luminescent bacteria toxicity test, and 15min-ec50 values were obtained. the presence of beta-cd significantly reduce biotoxicities of the low-polarity compounds, while for the higher-polarity compounds, such effect was slight. the differences of biotoxicities were correlated with log10kow ...	1999	10903103
microbial adaptations to the psychrosphere/piezosphere.	low temperature and high pressure deep-sea environments occupy the largest fraction of the biosphere. nevertheless, the molecular adaptations that enable life to exist under these conditions remain poorly understood. this article will provide an overview of the current picture on high pressure adaptation in cold oceanic environments, with an emphasis on genetic experiments performed on photobacterium profundum. thus far genes which have been found or implicated as important for pressure-sensing ...	1999	10941790
cement for stabilisation of industrial residues containing heavy metals.	a method aimed at decreasing the toxicity of heavy metals [namely, zn(ii) and cr(iii)] in real polluted residues by immobilisation has been developed. the residues were processed either with two cement-type stabilisers or lime. the cement-type stabilisers were portland cement and depocrete sm/2 at the self-generated ph (ca. 11) which afforded physical as well as chemical potential for the immobilisation of heavy metals. the other stabiliser, lime, reduced organic compounds, thus favouring the de ...	1999	11529190
acetone formation in the vibrio family: a new pathway for bacterial leucine catabolism.	there is current interest in biological sources of acetone, a volatile organic compound that impacts atmospheric chemistry. here, we determined that leucine-dependent acetone formation is widespread in the vibrionaceae. sixteen vibrio isolates, two listonella species, and two photobacterium angustum isolates produced acetone in the presence of l-leucine. shewanella isolates produced much less acetone. growth of vibrio splendidus and p. angustum in a fermentor with controlled aeration revealed th ...	1999	10601206
modelling of genetically engineered microorganisms introduction in closed artificial microcosms.	the possibility of introducing genetically engineered microorganisms (gem) into simple biotic cycles of laboratory water microcosms was investigated. the survival of the recombinant strain escherichia coli z905 (apr, lux+) in microcosms depends on the type of model ecosystems. during the absence of algae blooming in the model ecosystem, the part of plasmid-containing cells e. coli decreased fast, and the structure of the plasmid was also modified. in conditions of algae blooming (ankistrodesmus ...	1999	11542542
reassessment of the taxonomic position of vibrio iliopiscarius (onarheim et al. 1994) and proposal for photobacterium iliopiscarium comb. nov.	the phylogenetic position of vibrio iliopiscarius was inferred by the maximum-likelihood, maximum-parsimony and neighbour-joining methods on the basis of almost complete 16s rrna gene sequences. the results showed that this species falls into the same cluster as photobacterium species and is clearly distinct from other vibrio species. its nearest phylogenetic neighbour is photobacterium phosphoreum. from these results, it is concluded that v. iliopiscarius should be reclassified as photobacteriu ...	1999	10028270
superoxide dismutase and catalase in photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and their roles in resistance to reactive oxygen species.	photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (formerly pasteurella piscicida) is the causative agent of pasteurellosis or pseudotuberculosis in warm water marine fish. enzymes which neutralize reactive oxygen species, produced during aerobic metabolism or during respiratory burst in fish macrophages, are important virulence factors in many pathogens. this study characterizes a periplasmic superoxide dismutase (sod) and a cytoplasmic catalase in p. damselae. purification and partial amino-terminal se ...	1999	10075430
monounsaturated but not polyunsaturated fatty acids are required for growth of the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum ss9 at high pressure and low temperature.	there is considerable evidence correlating the production of increased proportions of membrane unsaturated fatty acids (ufas) with bacterial growth at low temperatures or high pressures. in order to assess the importance of ufas to microbial growth under these conditions, the effects of conditions altering ufa levels in the psychrotolerant piezophilic deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum ss9 were investigated. the fatty acids produced by p. profundum ss9 grown at various temperatures and ...	1999	10103272
recd function is required for high-pressure growth of a deep-sea bacterium.	a genomic library derived from the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum ss9 was conjugally delivered into a previously isolated pressure-sensitive ss9 mutant, designated ec1002 (e. chi and d. h. bartlett, j. bacteriol. 175:7533-7540, 1993), and exconjugants were screened for the ability to grow at 280-atm hydrostatic pressure. several clones were identified that had restored high-pressure growth. the complementing dna was localized and in all cases found to possess strong homology to recd ...	1999	10197992
polyphasic approach to the characterisation of marine luminous bacteria.	fifteen luminous bacterial strains were isolated from the tyrrhenian sea coastal waters off northeastern sicily and characterised by a combination of phenotypic and molecular tests in order to identify them and to determine their intraspecific genetic variability. five luminous type strains, vibrio splendidus ncimb 1, v. harveyi ncimb 1280, v. fischeri ncimb 1281, v. orientalis ncimb 2195 and photobacterium leiognathi ncimb 2193, were used as reference. on the basis of their phenotypic character ...	1999	10229952
characterization of the spectroscopic properties of the cu,co cluster in a prokaryotic superoxide dismutase.	a cu,co derivative of the cu,znsod from photobacterium leiognathi, in which cobalt has been selectively substituted for zinc, has been prepared and spectroscopically investigated. the derivative shows three bands in the visible region at 530, 566, and 600 nm when copper is in the oxidized state. reduction or depletion of the copper ion produce a shift of the band absorbing at 600 to 590 nm because of the detachment from copper of the imidazolate bridging the two metals when copper is in the oxid ...	1999	10334865
vibrios associated with litopenaeus vannamei larvae, postlarvae, broodstock, and hatchery probionts.	several bacteriological surveys were performed from 1994 to 1996 at different litopenaeus vannamei hatcheries (in ecuador) and shrimp farms (in mexico). samples were taken from routine productions of healthy and diseased l. vannamei larvae, postlarvae, and their culture environment and from healthy and diseased juveniles and broodstock. in ecuador, the dominant bacterial flora associated with shrimp larvae showing symptoms of zoea 2 syndrome, mysis mold syndrome, and bolitas syndrome has been de ...	1999	10347048
16s rrna gene sequence analysis of photobacterium damselae and nested pcr method for rapid detection of the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis.	the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, the organism formerly known as pasteurella piscicida, has been reclassified as photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence comparisons and chromosomal dna-dna hybridization data; thus, this organism belongs to the same species as photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (formerly vibrio damselae). since reassignment of p. damselae subsp. piscicida was based on only two strains, one objective of the present work was to ...	1999	10388687
viable heterotrophic bacteria in water and sediment in 'mar piccolo' of taranto (ionian sea, italy).	samples of water and sediment were collected from october 1996 to september 1997 in 'mar piccolo' of taranto (ionian sea, italy). mar piccolo is a semi-enclosed basin subject to pollution and receives a considerable amount of sewage and industrial waste. qualitative and quantitative analyses of the composition of the microbial flora were conducted on samples from six stations. the highest bacterial densities, in water and in sediment samples, were found in summer and the lowest, in autumn. among ...	1999	10389241
specific detection of p-chlorobenzoic acid by escherichia coli bearing a plasmid-borne fcba'::lux fusion.	in this communication we report on a genetically engineered bacterium that reacts by light emission to the presence of 4-chlorobenzoic acid. to construct this strain, dna fragment (1.7 kb) upstream from the 4-chlorobenzoic acid dehalogenase (fcb) operon of arthrobacter su was fused to vibriofischeri luxcdabe genes. an escherichia coli strain transformed with a multi-copy plasmid (pasu) bearing this fusion responded to the presence of 4-chlorobenzoic acid and a few closely related compounds by in ...	1999	10901680
autoinduction of light emission in different species of bioluminescent bacteria.	the production of light in most luminescent bacteria lags behind cellular growth with induction of luminescence only occurring at high cell density. the maximum intensity and the cell density reached before induction of luminescence is highly dependent on the bacterial species and the growth conditions including temperature, salt and nutrient composition as well as other experimental conditions. although common n-acylhomoserine lactone autoinducers have been identified in vibrio (photobacterium) ...	1999	10398554
occurrence of p-flavin binding protein in vibrio fischeri and properties of the protein.	in previous studies involving photobacterium species we proposed that (i) p-flavin is the product of luciferase, (ii) the physiological function of the lux operon is not to produce light but to produce fp(390) (luxf protein), including its prosthetic group, p-flavin, and (iii) fp(390) reactivates oxidatively inactivated cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase similar to flavodoxin but at relatively high ionic strength. it seems difficult to extend this idea to all luminous bacteria because the l ...	1999	10423522
luminous bacteria cultured from fish guts in the gulf of oman.	the incidence of culturable luminous bacteria in omani market fish guts was correlated to habitat type amongst 109 species of fish. isolated representative luminous bacteria were compared to known species using the biolog system (95 traits/isolate) and cluster analysis, which showed that the main taxa present in fish guts were clades related to vibrio harveyi and photobacterium species with sporadic incidence of p. phosphoreum. the luminous isolates from gut of the slip-mouth (barred pony fish), ...	1999	10423577
bioluminescent method to determine non-specific endotoxicosis in therapy.	the possibility of using a bioluminescence method for measuring endotoxicosis during therapy has been investigated. results of our experiments shown that a bioluminescence method can be used as a reliable criterion to monitor the course of disease for patients with bronchitis, ulcerous disease or chronic colecystitis. assays using both soluble and immobilized reagents are possible. this method does not reveal differences in patients with sepsis, hepatocirrhosis or oncology. the methods are highl ...	1999	10441049
evidence of stable monomeric species in the unfolding of cu,zn superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi.	the equilibrium unfolding process of photobacterium leiognathi cu,zn superoxide dismutase has been quantitatively monitored through circular dichroism (cd) and fluorescence spectroscopy, upon increasing the guanidinium hydrochloride concentration. the study has been undertaken for both the holo- and the copper-free derivative to work out the role of copper in protein stability. in both cases the unfolding was reversible. the denaturation curve derived from cd and fluorescence spectroscopy was no ...	1999	10510278
applicability of catalyst in ecotoxicology, a new promising tool for 3d-qsar: study of chlorophenols.	with the aim of applying recent quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) descriptors coming from the pharmaceutical sciences to the modelization of ecotoxicity data, this work deals with the establishment of 3d-qsar on chlorophenols by using for the first time in this field the recent catalyst software. the training set has been intentionally chosen simply because of its homogeneous character and the abundance of reliable experimental values. among 69 data sets collected in the litera ...	1999	10381301
analysis of river water by bioluminescent biotests.	the bacterial bioluminescence has high sensitivity to the action of various inhibitors of biological activity. the lyophilized luminous bacteria photobacterium phosphoreum (microbiosensor b17 677f) and luminous strain escherichia coli (microbiosensor ec) from the culture collection ibso were used to create bioluminescent biotests. they have been applied in ecological monitoring to determine the overall toxicity of the yenisei and angara rivers and some water sources of altai territory. as a rule ...	1999	10512990
transfer of xenobiotics through cell membranes of luminous bacteria.	the influence of some chemical substances on luminous bacteria was studied to elucidate the interrelation between the xenobiotics action on bacterial luminescence and cell ultrastructure. such substances as quinones, phenols, chlorides of heavy metals (in concentrations of substances inhibiting luminescence by 50%) resulted in damaging effects upon bacteria: a lot of cells had damage of membranes due to changes in their permeability. it was found that the high concentration of edta and toluene d ...	1999	10512991
assessment of a magnetic bead-eia based kit for rapid diagnosis of fish pasteurellosis.	the accuracy of the magnetic beads-eia based bionor aquaeia-pp kit for the rapid diagnosis of pasteurellosis was evaluated. the kit reacted with all the photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strains included in this study, with a detection limit of 10(4) bacteria/ml. however, non-specific reactions were observed with isolates of ph. damselae subsp. damselae or ph. histaminum when the bacterial concentration was high (10(9)-10(10) bacteria/ml). similar findings in specificity and sensitivity w ...	1999	10520595
evolutionary constraints for dimer formation in prokaryotic cu,zn superoxide dismutase.	prokaryotic cu,zn superoxide dismutases are characterized by a distinct quaternary structure, as compared to that of the homologous eukaryotic enzymes. here we report a newly determined crystal structure of the dimeric cu,zn superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi (crystallized in space group r32, refined at 2.5 a resolution, r-factor 0.19) and analyse it in comparison with that of the monomeric enzyme from escherichia coli. the dimeric assembly, observed also in a previously studied ...	1999	9878406
control of luminescence decay and flavin binding by the luxa carboxyl-terminal regions in chimeric bacterial luciferases.	bacterial luciferases (luxab) can be readily classed as slow or fast decay luciferases based on their rates of luminescence decay in a single turnover assay. luciferases from vibrio harveyi and xenorhabdus (photorhabdus) luminescens have slow decay rates, and those from the photobacterium genus, such as p. (vibrio) fischeri, p. phosphoreum, and p. leiognathi, have rapid decay rates. by generation of an x. luminescens-based chimeric luciferase with a 67 amino acid substitution from p. phosphoreum ...	1999	10529227
a study of deep-sea natural microbial populations and barophilic pure cultures using a high-pressure chemostat.	continuous cultures in which a high-pressure chemostat was used were employed to study the growth responses of (i) deep-sea microbial populations with the naturally occurring carbon available in seawater and with limiting concentrations of supplemental organic substrates and (ii) pure cultures of copiotrophic barophilic and barotolerant deep-sea isolates in the presence of limiting carbon concentrations at various pressures, dilution rates, and temperatures. we found that the growth rates of nat ...	1999	10583982
[lipopolysaccharide from photosynthetic bacteria blocks ca2+ response of human neutrophils induced by endotoxins from shigella flexneri and its re-mutant].		1999	10347828
[structural approach to simulating the population dynamics of unstable recombinant strains of bacteria containing multicopy plasmids].		1999	10613258
toward the engineering of a super efficient enzyme.	the catalytic activity of a mutant of photobacterium leiognathi cu, zn superoxide dismutase in which the glu59 residue, conserved in most bacterial variants of the enzyme, has been replaced by glutamine was investigated by pulse radiolysis. at neutral ph the enzyme was found to have a kcat/km of 1.0 +/- 0.1 x 10(10) m-1s-1 the highest value ever found for any superoxide dismutase. brownian dynamics simulation suggests that such a high value is due to an enhanced substrate attraction by the modif ...	1999	10079201
advanced oxidation of a pulp mill bleaching wastewater.	the degradation, by several advanced oxidation reactions, of a pulp mill ecf bleaching effluent, was studied. the initial biodegradability of the organic matter present in the effluent, estimated as the bod5/cod, was low (0.3). when the effluent was submitted to ozonation and to five different advanced oxidation systems (o3/uv, o3/uv/zno, o3/uv/tio2, o2/uv/zno, o2/uv/tio2), the biodegradability increase significantly. after five minutes of reaction, the o3/uv system appears as the most efficient ...	1999	10520485
a region of the transmembrane regulatory protein toxr that tethers the transcriptional activation domain to the cytoplasmic membrane displays wide divergence among vibrio species.	the virulence regulatory protein toxr of vibrio cholerae is unique in that it contains a cytoplasmic dna-binding-transcriptional activation domain, a transmembrane domain, and a periplasmic domain. although toxr and other transmembrane transcriptional activators have been discovered in other bacteria, little is known about their mechanism of activation. utilizing degenerate oligonucleotides and pcr, we have amplified internal toxr gene sequences from seven vibrio and photobacterium species and s ...	2000	10629204
evaluation of acute toxicity and genotoxicity of liquid products from pyrolysis of eucalyptus grandis wood.	slow pyrolysis of eucalyptus grandis wood was performed in an oven laboratory, and smoke was trapped and condensed to yield liquid products. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and phenolic fractions were isolated from the former liquid products using adsorption column chromatography (acc) and identified by gc/ms. concentrations of pah and phenolic fractions in total pyrolysis liquids were respectively 48.9 microg/g and 8.59% (w/w). acute toxicity of total samples of pyrolysis liquids and th ...	2000	10629278
presence of phospholipase-d (dly) gene coding for damselysin production is not a pre-requisite for pathogenicity in photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.	the presence of the phospholipase-d (dly) gene as pre-requisite for virulence of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae for poikilotherm and homoiotherm animals was investigated in a total of 17 strains isolated from fish, shellfish, mammals and seawater. with this aim, we developed two pcr protocols. a simple pcr using primers flanking the almost complete dly gene, and a multiplex-pcr using two sets of primers directed to internal fragments of the dly and 16s rrna genes. only six of the 17 ph. ...	2000	10644497
fabf is required for piezoregulation of cis-vaccenic acid levels and piezophilic growth of the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum strain ss9.	to more fully explore the role of unsaturated fatty acids in high-pressure, low-temperature growth, the fabf gene from the psychrotolerant, piezophilic deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum strain ss9 was characterized and its role and regulation were examined. an ss9 strain harboring a disruption in the fabf gene (strain ea40) displayed growth impairment at elevated hydrostatic pressure concomitant with diminished cis-vaccenic acid (18:1) production. however, growth ability at elevated pr ...	2000	10671446
the genetic basis for emerging antibiotic resistance in veterinary pathogens.		2000	11193690
invasion of fish epithelial cells by photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida: evidence for receptor specificity, and effect of capsule and serum.	photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is a fish pathogen which causes serious disease in commercial warmwater fish species. because information on the initial stages of the infection is scarce, an investigation of the invasion ability of this pathogen was undertaken utilizing a fish epithelial cell line (epithelioma papillosum carpio, epc), a virulent capsulated strain of p. damselae (mt1415), an avirulent non-capsulated strain of p. damselae (epoy-8803-ii) and escherichia coli hb101 as a non ...	2000	10658648
properties of the bimodal fluorescent protein produced by photobacterium phosphoreum.	a fluorescent protein isolated from the deep-sea luminous bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum strain bmfp has been purified, cloned and sequenced. the protein is 96.5% identical in amino acid sequence to fp390, the weakly fluorescent flavoprotein encoded by the luxf gene characteristic of photobacterium species. similar to fp390, bmfp is a dimer of two homologous subunits binding four fmn-myristate chromophores but has the distinctive feature of emitting a bimodal fluorescence with maxima at ab ...	2000	10687399
activities of the bimodal fluorescent protein produced by photobacterium phosphoreum strain bmfp in the luciferase reaction in vitro.	the activity of the bimodal fluorescent protein (bmfp) (lambda max, 488 and 517 nm) in the in vitro luciferase reaction has been studied. the bmfp that is produced by photobacterium phosphoreum strain bmfp is a dimer of two homologous subunits binding four riboflavin 5'-phosphate (fmn)-myristate chromophores. the addition of bmfp to the luciferase reaction in the presence of the lumazine protein prevented the lumazine protein-induced blue shift in the emission band. the bmfp reduced electrochemi ...	2000	10687400
necrotizing fasciitis due to photobacterium damsela in a man lashed by a stingray.		2000	10722346
evidence that water transmits the disease caused by the fish pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.	the transmission through water of the disease caused by the fish pathogen, photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, as well as the role of the skin mucus in the initial steps of the infection, have been studied. all tested strains resisted the bactericidal activity of the mucus and showed an ability to adhere to it, but only those virulent by the intraperitoneal route were infective through water. moribund fishes showed the typical signs of the disease: haemorrhaged areas on the body surface and ...	2000	10747234
prediction and qsar analysis of toxicity to photobacterium phosphoreum for a group of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds.		2000	10757653
application of aflp for taxonomic and epidemiological studies of photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.	a collection of 106 photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strains and 19 photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae strains, including reference and type strains, were genetically characterized using aflp. the total genomic dna of each bacterial strain was digested using restriction endonucleases hindiii and taqi. using numerical analysis, six clusters were recognized. the largest cluster (n = 106) contained the majority of the strains tested and consisted exclusively of photobacterium damselae ...	2000	10843040
photobacterium histaminum okuzumi et al. 1994 is a later subjective synonym of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (love et al. 1981) smith et al. 1991.	the type strain of photobacterium histaminum, jcm 8968t (= atcc 51805t), and that of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, atcc 33539t, exhibit 100% identity in their 16s rrna sequence, more than 80% dna-dna homology and only one phenotypic difference. also, like p. histaminum, p. damselae subsp. damselae was shown to excrete a large amount of histamine when cells were grown on medium containing excessive histidine under acidic conditions. therefore, the name p. histaminum should be considere ...	2000	10843080
existence of two geographically-linked clonal lineages in the bacterial fish pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida evidenced by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.	in this work, we applied the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique to evaluate the genetic diversity in photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (formerly pasteurella piscicida), an important pathogen for different marine fish. regardless of the oligonucleotide primer employed, the 29 isolates of ph. damselae subsp. piscicida tested were separated into two groups, the rapd-pcr analysis differentiated the european strains from the japanese strains. the similarity between both groups e ...	2000	11057980
[mathematical modeling of population dynamics of unstable plasmid-containing bacteria during continuous cultivation in a chemostat].	a structural approach to studying the regularities of the population dynamics of unstable recombinant bacterial strains in a chemostat was elaborated. the approach is based on the mathematical modeling of cell distribution in a population with different numbers of plasmid copies. the effect of decreased selective preference of plasmidless variants of the recombinant strain in the chemostat, which is related to a decrease in the number of plasmid copies in cells upon long-term incubation was anal ...	2000	11094722
an evaluation of the toxicity of contaminated sediments from waukegan harbor, illinois, following remediation.	waukegan harbor in illinois was designated as a great lakes area of concern due to high concentrations of sediment-associated polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of 20 sediment samples collected after remediation (primarily dredging) of waukegan harbor for pcbs. a 42-day whole sediment toxicity test with the amphipod hyalella azteca (28-day sediment exposure followed by a 14-day reproductive phase) and sediment toxicity tests with microtox(r ...	2000	11031305
characterization of chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance in escherichia coli associated with bovine diarrhea.	florfenicol, a veterinary fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol, is approved for treatment of bovine respiratory pathogens in the united states. however, florfenicol resistance has recently emerged among veterinary escherichia coli isolates incriminated in bovine diarrhea. the flo gene, which confers resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol, has previously been identified in photobacterium piscicida and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. the flo gene product is closely related to ...	2000	11101601
functional and crystallographic characterization of salmonella typhimurium cu,zn superoxide dismutase coded by the sodci virulence gene.	the functional and three-dimensional structural features of cu,zn superoxide dismutase coded by the salmonella typhimurium sodci gene, have been characterized. measurements of the catalytic rate indicate that this enzyme is the most efficient superoxide dismutase analyzed so far, a feature that may be related to the exclusive association of the sodci gene with the most pathogenic salmonella serotypes. the enzyme active-site copper ion is highly accessible to external probes, as indicated by quen ...	2000	10970746
anaerobic respiratory growth of vibrio harveyi, vibrio fischeri and photobacterium leiognathi with trimethylamine n-oxide, nitrate and fumarate: ecological implications.	two symbiotic species, photobacterium leiognathi and vibrio fischeri, and one non-symbiotic species, vibrio harveyi, of the vibrionaceae were tested for their ability to grow by anaerobic respiration on various electron acceptors, including trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) and dimethylsulphoxide (dmso), compounds common in the marine environment. each species was able to grow anaerobically with tmao, nitrate or fumarate, but not with dmso, as an electron acceptor. cell growth under microaerophilic ...	2000	11234928
the effect of biogenic amine production by single bacterial cultures and metabiosis on cold-smoked salmon.	biogenic amines are important indicators of spoilage in vacuum-packed cold-smoked salmon. it is the aim of this study to identify bacteria responsible for biogenic amine production in cold-smoked salmon.	2000	11123465
[study of the integral toxicity of aqueous media, polluted by petroleum and petroleum products using bacterial tests].	a biotest kit was used to assess the integral toxicity level of aquatic medium contamination with petroleum and petroleum-based products. the integral toxicity dynamics was also monitored during biodegradation of petroleum and petroleum-based products by an association of petroleum-degrading strains including acinetobacter sp., mycobacterium flavescens, and rhodococcus sp. the following bacterial tests were used: the bioluminescence (bl) test based on photobacterium leiognathi; electro-orientati ...	2000	11116909
ecotoxicological experiences on lemna minor test system.	are plants generally less sensitive to toxicity than aquatic animals as indicated by some authors (1)? the use of phytotoxicity (higher plant) tests as a part of ecotoxicology is relatively underdeveloped. the objective of this study was to compare the results of the oecd lemna growth inhibition test with other mainly used test systems. three toxicants were tested applying the alga growth inhibition test (seleneastrum capricornutum), the daphnia immobilization test (daphnia magna) and the microt ...	2000	10943492
molecular fingerprinting of strains of yersinia ruckeri serovar o1 and photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida isolated in italy.	we studied the ribotypes, patterns of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and interspersed repeated sequences (irs)-pcr of 30 strains of yersinia ruckeri o1 and 20 strains of photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida isolated from apparently unrelated epizootic outbreaks occurring on italian fish farms between 1993 and 1999. all of the y. ruckeri o1 strains had similar profiles, as demonstrated by all three typing methods, thus confirming the clonal structure of this species. the strains of p. ...	2000	10973701
[effect of quinones on enzymatic bioluminescence of nadh-dependent systems].	the effects of a number of quinones on the bioluminescence characteristics of a three-component enzymatic system containing alcohol dehydrogenase, bacterial luciferase, and nadh-fmn oxidoreductase were studied to find the most sensitive kinetic parameters of the system intended to be used in biological testing. both direct and back reactions catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase were studied in the presence and in the absence of quinones. the kinetic parameters of the bioluminescent system were fou ...	2000	10994199
application of bacterins and yeast acremonium dyosporii to protect the larvae of macrobrachium rosenbergii from vibriosis.		2000	11016590
single mutation at the intersubunit interface confers extra efficiency to cu,zn superoxide dismutase.	the val28-->gly single mutant at the subunit interface of cu,zn superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi displays a k(cat)/k(m) value of 1.7x10(10) m(-1) s(-1), twice that of the native enzyme. analysis of the three-dimensional structure indicates that the active site cu,zn center is not perturbed, slight structural deviations being only localized in proximity of the mutation site. the enzyme-substrate association rate, calculated by brownian dynamics simulation, is identical for both ...	2000	11033348
multiplex pcr assay for urec and 16s rrna genes clearly discriminates between both subspecies of photobacterium damselae.	a multiplex-pcr approach, employing 2 primer pairs directed to internal regions of the 16s rrna and urec genes, was utilized to analyze a collection of photobacterium damselae strains, including 25 isolates of subspecies piscicida and 15 isolates of subspecies damselae. with this procedure, all the p. damselae subsp. damselae strains yielded 2 amplification products, one of 267 bp and the other of 448 bp, corresponding to internal fragments of the 16s rrna and urec genes, respectively. however, ...	2000	10843555
role of the tertiary and quaternary structures in the stability of dimeric copper, zinc superoxide dismutases.	the equilibrium unfolding process of human cu,zn superoxide dismutase has been quantitatively monitored through circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy as a function of increasing guanidinium hydrochloride concentration. the process occurs through the formation of a monomeric intermediate species following a three-state transition equilibrium. comparison with the stability of the prokaryotic cu,zn sod from p. leiognathi shows that the eukaryotic enzyme is more stable than the prokaryoti ...	2000	10845696
single mutation induces a metal-dependent subunit association in dimeric cu,zn superoxide dismutase.	tryptophan 83, a residue strongly involved in the intersubunit interaction of the cu,zn superoxide dismutases from photobacterium leiognathi, has been selectively mutated to phenylalanine or tyrosine. the recombinant mutant enzymes expressed in escherichia coli were purified in two well distinct and stable forms, one dimeric and fully active and the other monomeric and devoid of metals. in agreement, in vitro experiments indicate that the removal and addition of zinc in the mutant enzymes induce ...	2000	10872806
hyperactivity and interactions of a chimeric myristoryl-acp thioesterase from the lux system of luminescent bacteria.	a chimeric myristoyl-acp thioesterase with much higher catalytic efficiency than the parental enzymes has been generated by ligating the n-terminal half of the lux-specific thioesterase (luxd) from photobacterium phosphoreum with the c-terminal half of luxd from vibrio harveyi. the luxd chimera had the same rate-limiting step and specificity, but cleaved esters and thioesters over eight times faster than the native enzymes. luxd, along with acyl-protein synthetase (luxe) and reductase (luxc), co ...	2000	11018714
ecotoxicological assessment of two pulp mill effluent, biobio river basin, chile.		2000	10885995
characterization of alanine and malate dehydrogenases from a marine psychrophile strain pa-43.	alanine dehydrogenase (aladh: ec 1.4.1.1), malate dehydrogenase (mdh: ec 1.1.1.37), and glutamate dehydrogenase (ec 1.4.1.2), all nad+ dependent, were detected in extracts from a psychrophilic bacterium, strain pa-43, isolated from a sea urchin off the icelandic coast. characterization tests suggested that the strain had a close relationship to vibrio, but sequencing of part of the 16s rdna gene placed the bacterium among shewanella species in a constructed phylogenetic tree. the bacterium had a ...	2001	11453464
the acute toxicity of alpha-branched phenylsulfonyl acetates in photobacterium phosphoreum test.	the acute toxicity (15-min ec(50)) of 20 alpha-substituted phenylsulfonyl acetates was measured using the microtox test with photobacterium phosphoreum. on the basis of tlser, quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsars) were calculated for the inhibition of bioluminescence. with the parameters molecular volume (v(mc)), dipolarity/polarizability (pi*), and the covalent contribution to lewis basicity (epsilon(b)), a squared correlation coefficient (r(2)(adj)) of 0.868 and standard error ...	2001	11440477
rna arbitrarily primed pcr survey of genes regulated by toxr in the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum strain ss9.	we are currently investigating the role of toxr-mediated gene regulation in photobacterium profundum strain ss9. ss9 is a moderately piezophilic ("pressure loving") psychrotolerant marine bacterium belonging to the family vibrionaceae. in vibrio cholerae, toxr is a transmembrane dna binding protein involved in mediating virulence gene expression in response to various environmental signals. a homolog to v. cholerae toxr that is necessary for pressure-responsive gene expression of two outer membr ...	2001	11160100
fate and effect of monoalkyl quaternary ammonium surfactants in the aquatic environment.	the effect of the alkyl chain of quaternary ammonium-based surfactants on their aquatic toxicity and aerobic biodegradability has been studied. two families of monoalkylquats surfactants were selected: alkyl trimethyl ammonium and alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium halides. acute toxicity tests on daphnia magna and photobacterium phosphoreum were carried out and ec50 values in the range of 0.1-1 mg/l were obtained for the two series of cationic surfactants. although the substitution of a benzyl grou ...	2001	11202711
large-scale production of the carbohydrate portion of the sialyl-tn epitope, alpha-neup5ac-(2-->6)-d-galpnac, through bacterial coupling.	alpha-neup5ac-(2-->6)-d-galpnac, the carbohydrate portion of sialyl-tn epitope of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, was prepared by a whole-cell reaction through the combination of recombinant escherichia coli strains and corynebacterium ammoniagenes. two recombinant e. coli strains overexpressed the cmp-neup5ac biosynthetic genes and the alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferase gene of photobacterium damsela. c. ammoniagenes contributed to the production of utp from orotic acid. alpha-neup5ac-( ...	2001	11269395
["quorum sensing", or how bacteria "talk" to each other].	recent advances in studying the quorum-sensing systems, which regulate gene expression depending on population density, are reviewed. low-molecular-weight acyl derivatives of l-homoserine lactone (n-ahl) freely diffuse through cell membranes and determine cell-to-cell communications in bacteria. the quorum-sensing systems have first been found to regulate bioluminescence in marine bacteria photobacterium (vibrio) fischeri and vibrio harveyi. such systems are widespread and control expression of ...	2001	11357409
riboflavin synthesis genes ribe, ribb, ribh, riba reside in the lux operon of photobacterium leiognathi.	nucleotide sequence of the riboflavin synthesis genes ribe, ribb, ribh, riba (genbank accession no. af364106) resided in the lux operon of photobacterium leiognathi pl741 has been determined, and the amino acid sequences of riboflavin synthetase (ribe), dhbp synthetase (ribb), lumazine synthetase (ribh), gtp cyclohydrolase ii (riba) encoded by the riboflavin synthesis genes are deduced. nucleotide sequence reveals that the ribe gene encodes the riboflavin synthetase responsible for converting lu ...	2001	11396941
development of quantitative structure activity relationships in toxicity prediction of complex mixtures.	to predict the toxicity of mixtures of halogenated benzenes (narcotics).	2001	11730561
characterization of the binding of photobacterium phosphoreum p-flavin by vibrio harveyi luciferase.	the isolated photobacterium phosphoreum luciferase is associated with a bound flavin designated p-flavin and tentatively identified as 6-(3"-myristic acid)-fmn. since fmn and myristic acid are products of the normal luciferase reaction, we explored the possibility that p-flavin can also be bound by luciferase from other luminous bacteria and serve as an active site probe. p-flavin has never been detected in vibrio harveyi cells. we found that the v. harveyi luciferase binds p. phosphoreum p-flav ...	2001	11747297
improved agar diffusion method for detecting residual antimicrobial agents.	the improved agar diffusion method for determination of residual antimicrobial agents was investigated, and the sensitivities of various combinations of test organisms and assay media were determined using 7 organisms, 5 media, and 31 antimicrobial agents. bacillus stearothermophilus and synthetic assay medium (sam) showed the greatest sensitivity for screening penicillins (penicillin g and ampicillin). the combination of bacillus subtilis and minimum medium (mm) was the most sensitive for tetra ...	2001	11252480
assessing chemical toxicity with the bioluminescent photobacterium (vibrio fischeri): a comparison of three commercial systems.	the inhibition of light emitted by the bioluminescent bacterium, vibrio fischeri, is the basis for several toxicity bioassays. the inhibitory effects of 81 chemicals, after 5 min contact time, were studied at eight concentrations using reagents from three commercial assay systems (toxalert 10, microtox and lumistox). solubility in water was the limiting factor in determining the selection of chemicals for study. the effective nominal concentrations (ec) resulting in 20, 50 and 80% inhibition wer ...	2001	11547867