Publications

immunostimulation of larvae and juveniles of cod, gadus morhua l.	cod larval culture is currently hampered by high mortalities in the first 2-3 weeks after hatching, often due to infectious diseases. the immune system of cod is not fully competent until 2-3 months after hatching. conventional vaccination is, therefore, not of value before this time, and the larvae are wholly reliant on non-specific parameters for their defence against infection. a range of substances, generally derived from bacterial, fungal or plant origin, can activate these non-specific par ...	2006	16533300
differential expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines il-1beta-1, tnfalpha-1 and il-8 in vaccinated pink (oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (oncorhynchus keta) salmon juveniles.	laboratory-reared pink and chum salmon juveniles (approximately 2g) received an intraperitoneal injection with a commercial, unadjuvanted aeromonas salmonicida bacterin or sterile saline. relative to elongation factor-1a, expression levels of genes encoding the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta-1 (il-1beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha-1 (tnfalpha) and interleukin-8 (il-8) in pools of kidney and liver were examined 6- and 24-h after injection. expression of il-1beta was significantly ...	2007	16926099
acute phase response in zebrafish upon aeromonas salmonicida and staphylococcus aureus infection: striking similarities and obvious differences with mammals.	zebrafish has emerged as a valuable model for immunological studies. however, little is known about the overall picture of its immune response to infectious pathogens. here we present the first systematic study of its immune response to aeromonas salmonicida and staphylococcus aureus, a gram-negative and a gram-positive bacteria, respectively. genes induced upon infection were identified with suppression subtractive hybridization, with many of them encoding acute phase proteins (apps). when comp ...	2007	16630661
carbohydrate analysis and serological classification of typical and atypical isolates of aeromonas salmonicida: a rationale for the lipopolysaccharide-based classification of a. salmonicida.	the cell envelope of aeromonas salmonicida contains a lipopolysaccharide (lps) essential for the physical integrity and functioning of bacterial cell membrane. using a recently developed in-source fragmentation technique, we screened 39 typical and atypical isolates of a. salmonicida and established their o-chain polysaccharide structure by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (ce-ms), compositional and linkage analyses and comparison to the previously determined o-chain polysaccharide st ...	2007	17658271
the development of probiotics for the control of multiple bacterial diseases of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum).	jb-1 and gc2, which were equated with bacillus sp. and aeromonas sobria respectively, were recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss and ghost carp, cyprinus sp. respectively, and demonstrated effectiveness as probiotics for the control of infections caused by aeromonas salmonicida, lactococcus garvieae, streptococcus iniae, vibrio anguillarum, vibrio ordalii and yersinia ruckeri. when administered to rainbow trout (average weight = 12 g) for 14 days in feed dosed ...	2007	17850573
analysis of type iii effector genes in typical and atypical aeromonas salmonicida.		2007	17958615
probiotic properties of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract.	one strain of lactobacillus salivarius, two strains of lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus amylovorus, and two strains of bifidobacterium thermacidophilum with antagonistic effect against clostridium perfringens were isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. isolates were assayed for their ability to survive in synthetic gastric juice at ph 2.5 and were examined for their ability to grow on agar plate containing porcine bile extract. there was a large variation in the survival of the iso ...	2007	17136367
isolation of aeromonas salmonicida from sea lamprey (petromyzon marinus) with furuncle-like lesions in lake ontario.	for the past six decades, parasitic sea lampreys (petromyzon marinus) have caused devastating losses to salmonid fisheries in the great lakes. to reduce the number of sea lampreys, the great lakes fishery commission began a large-scale program based on trapping male sea lampreys, sterilizing them, and releasing sterile males back into streams to compete with fertile males for spawning females. the transfer of lampreys among lakes can potentially lead to the transfer of various pathogens, and thi ...	2007	17984256
quorum sensing signals are produced by aeromonas salmonicida and quorum sensing inhibitors can reduce production of a potential virulence factor.	many pathogens control production of virulence factors by self-produced signals in a process called quorum sensing (qs). we demonstrate that acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) signals, which enable bacteria to express certain phenotypes in relation to cell density, are produced by a wide spectrum of aeromonas salmonicida strains. all 31 typical strains were ahl producers as were 21 of 26 atypical strains, but on a strain population basis, production of virulence factors such as protease, lipase, a-la ...	2007	18286807
function and molecular architecture of the yersinia injectisome tip complex.	by quantitative immunoblot analyses and scanning transmission electron microscopy (stem), we determined that the needle of the yersinia enterocolitica e40 injectisome consists of 139 +/- 19 yscf subunits and that the tip complex is formed by three to five lcrv monomers. a pentamer represented the best fit for an atomic model of this complex. the n-terminal globular domain of lcrv forms the base of the tip complex, while the central globular domain forms the head. hybrids between lcrv and its ort ...	2007	17697254
multiple whole bacterial antigens in polyvalent vaccine may result in inhibition of specific responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	the goal of fish vaccination today is to protect fish against multiple bacterial fish pathogens simultaneously using polyvalent vaccines. however, many immunological processes such as antigenic cross-reaction, antigenic competition, affinity maturation and antigen-induced suppression may affect the specificity, avidity and level of antibodies. consequently, the biological function of antibodies may be markedly different from that predicted by conventional serologic tests. here, we investigated t ...	2007	16849036
aeromonas salmonicida toxin aext has a rho family gtpase-activating protein domain.	the n terminus of the aeromonas salmonicida adp-ribosylating toxin aext displays in vitro gtpase-activating protein (gap) activity for rac1, cdc42, and rhoa. hela cells transfected with the aext n terminus exhibit rounding and actin disordering. we propose that the aeromonas salmonicida aext toxin is a novel member of the growing family of bacterial rhogaps.	2007	17237181
a stochastic modelling approach to describing the dynamics of an experimental furunculosis epidemic in chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha (walbaum).	a susceptible-infected-removed (sir) stochastic model was compared to a susceptible-latent-infectious-removed (slir) stochastic model in terms of describing and capturing the variation observed in replicated experimental furunculosis epidemics, caused by aeromonas salmonicida. the epidemics had been created by releasing a single infectious fish into a group of susceptible fish (n = 43) and progress of the epidemic was observed for 10 days. this process was replicated in 70 independent groups. th ...	2007	17298564
quantitative detection of aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissue by real-time pcr using self-quenched, fluorogenic primers.	in this study a real-time pcr assay using self-quenched primers labelled with a single fluorophore for the detection of aeromonas salmonicida was developed. probe specificity was confirmed by amplification of 16 a. salmonicida strain templates and by the lack of a pcr product with 26 non-a. salmonicida strains. with a pure culture of a. salmonicida, the assay was linear over a range of 0.5 pg to 50 ng and was able to detect 16 c.f.u. per reaction. a similar sensitivity was observed in dna extrac ...	2007	17314361
vaccination against atypical furunculosis and winter ulcer disease of fish.	atypical furunculosis is a problem in farming of salmonids and various other fish species caused by a heterogeneous group of atypical aeromonas salmonicida strains. winter ulcer is a disease of salmonids and cod caused by moritella viscosa, but a number of fish species are susceptible to the infection. vaccines are available against atypical furunculosis of salmonids, but their efficacy is dependent on the characteristics of the infective strain. vaccines for non-salmonid fish are currently not ...	2007	17367897
bacterial-binding activity and plasma concentration of ladderlectin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	soluble, defense lectins bind conserved microbial patterns leading to pathogen opsonization, enhanced phagocytosis and activation of complement. these immune functions, however, vary widely among individuals due to genetic and acquired differences affecting binding capacity or plasma concentration. most evidence for the defensive function of soluble lectins is based on mammals, but several functionally homologous, but less well-characterized, lectins have been identified in fish. in this study, ...	2007	17383895
occurrence of n-acyl-l-homoserine lactones in extracts of some gram-negative bacteria evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.	acylated homoserine lactones (ahls) are self-generated signal molecules that mediate population density-dependent gene expression (quorum sensing) in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. these signal molecules diffuse from bacterial cells and accumulate in the medium as a function of cell growth. in selected foods ahls contribute to product spoilage. as different bacterial species produce ahl analogs that differ in length of the n-acyl chain, ranging from 4 to 14 carbons and in the substitution ...	2007	17207763
histological changes in intestine of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) following in vitro exposure to pathogenic and probiotic bacterial strains.	furunculosis and vibriosis are diseases that cause severe economic losses in the fish-farming industry. the foregut of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) was exposed in vitro to two fish pathogens, aeromonas salmonicida (causative agent of furunculosis) and vibrio anguillarum (causative agent of vibriosis), and to one probiotic strain, carnobacterium divergens, at 6 x 10(4) or 6 x 10(6) viable bacteria per milliliter. histological changes following bacterial exposure were assessed by light and ...	2007	17120052
identification of an antibacterial protein as l-amino acid oxidase in the skin mucus of rockfish sebastes schlegeli.	fish skin mucus contains a variety of antimicrobial proteins and peptides that seem to play a role in self defense. we previously reported an antibacterial protein in the skin secretion of the rockfish, sebastes schlegeli, which showed selective antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. this study aimed to isolate and structurally and functionally characterize this protein. the antibacterial protein, termed ssap (s. schlegeli antibacterial protein), was purified to homogeneity by le ...	2007	17140417
characterization of twin toll-like receptors from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): evolutionary relationship and induced expression by aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida.	structure and function of factors contributing to the innate immune system of lower vertebrates, including fish are only sparsely characterized. we retrieved with rt-pcr cdna copies of two closely related toll-like receptors (tlr) from liver rna of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the cdna sequences are homologous to 95.6%. the phylogenetic analysis of their deduced amino acid sequences places these twin factors closely to other known tlrs from fish. the twin factors are equally expresse ...	2007	17070576
cytokine expression in the intestine of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) during infection with aeromonas salmonicida.	gene expression of a number of cytokines in the intestine of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated after challenge with a pathogenic strain of aeromonas salmonicida. fish were exposed to a. salmonicida by immersion in a bacterial suspension (bath challenge) and tissue samples of the distal and proximal intestine were collected at days 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 post-exposure. head kidney tissue was also collected to assess the effect in a systemic immune tissue. a classic profile of pro-inf ...	2007	17434320
global trade in ornamental fish from an australian perspective: the case for revised import risk analysis and management strategies.	over 1 billion ornamental fish comprising more than 4000 freshwater and 1400 marine species are traded internationally each year, with 8-10 million imported into australia alone. compared to other commodities, the pathogens and disease translocation risks associated with this pattern of trade have been poorly documented. the aim of this study was to conduct an appraisal of the effectiveness of risk analysis and quarantine controls as they are applied according to the sanitary and phytosanitary ( ...	2007	17485126
protection against atypical aeromonas salmonicida infection in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) by oral administration of humus extract.	humic substances are formed during the decomposition of organic matter in humus, and are found in many natural environments in which organic materials and microorganisms have been present. in the present study, oral administration of humus extract to common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) induced effective protection against experimental atypical aeromonas salmonicida infection. mortality of fish and development of skin lesions such as hemorrhages and ulcers were significantly suppressed in carp treat ...	2007	17485929
atypical aeromonas salmonicida infection in naturally- and laboratory-challenged farmed haddock, melanogrammus aeglefinus (l.).		2007	17501741
recombinant prostate-specific antigen proaerolysin shows selective protease sensitivity and cell cytotoxicity.	native proaerolysin is a channel-forming bacterial protoxin that binds to cell-surface receptors and then is activated by furin or furin-like proteases. we genetically engineered proaerolysin by replacing the furin-cleavage sequence with a prostate-specific antigen-selective sequence. the recombinant modified proaerolysin was expressed and purified from aeromonas salmonicida in good yields and purity. recombinant modified proaerolysin had no furin sensitivity and markedly increased prostate-spec ...	2007	17581303
further characterization of a type iii secretion system (t3ss) and of a new effector protein from a clinical isolate of aeromonas hydrophila--part i.	a type iii secretion system (t3ss)-associated cytotoxin, aext, with adp-ribosyltransferase activity and homology to pseudomonas aeruginosa bifuncational toxins exot/s, was recently identified from a fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida. in this study, we reported the molecular characterization of an aext-like toxin gene (designated as aexu) from a diarrheal isolate ssu of a. hydrophila. the aexu gene was 1539bp in length and encoded a protein of 512 amino acid (aa) residues. the nh(2)-terminus of ...	2007	17644303
enhancement of the immune response and protection induced by probiotic lactic acid bacteria against furunculosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	we analysed the effect of probiotic strains on the cellular and humoral immune responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and their capacity to prevent furunculosis during a challenge trial. probiotic strains (lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis clfp 100, leuconostoc mesenteroides clfp 196, and lactobacillus sakei clfp 202) were administered orally to fish for 2 weeks at 10(6) cfu g(-1) of feed. in comparison to untreated control fish, the phagocytic activity of head kidney leukocytes and the ...	2007	17645738
aeromonas exoenzyme t of aeromonas salmonicida is a bifunctional protein that targets the host cytoskeleton.	type iii protein secretion has been shown recently to be important in the virulence of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida. the adp-ribosylating toxin aeromonas exoenzyme t (aext) is one effector protein targeted for secretion via this system. in this study, we identified muscular and nonmuscular actin as substrates of the adp-ribosylating activity of aext. furthermore, we show that aext also functions as a gtpase-activating protein (gap), displaying gap activity against monomeric gtpases of ...	2007	17656370
self-acceptance, acceptance of others, and symlog: equivalent measures of the two central interpersonal dimensions?	after 50 hours of small group participation during 9 weeks, 91 young adults rated each same-group member's conduct on symlog's dimensions of dominance, friendliness, and task-orientedness. earlier, they made similar ratings twice, several weeks apart, on separate measures of self-acceptance and acceptance of others. individuals' mean symlog dominance ratings by group peers correlated much more highly with aggregated ratings for self-acceptance (.83) than for other-acceptance (.02), while symlog ...	2007	1939704
interfaces in medicine: asthma. report of a conference.		2007	2258849
dna adducts in bronchial biopsies.	to investigate the feasibility of measuring dna-carcinogen adducts in the lungs of non-surgical patients, endobronchial biopsies were obtained from 78 patients undergoing routine diagnostic bronchoscopy. lung cancer was present in 37 (47%) of the patients. dna was isolated from the tissues and analyzed by hplc- or nuclease-pi-enriched 32p-postlabelling, using procedures selective for aromatic adducts. chromatograms from all 28 current smokers showed a distinctive diagonal adduct zone which was p ...	2007	2045196
intraperitoneal chemotherapy.		2007	2042064
does prestretching stainless-steel wire have any clinical significance?	clinical parameters of prestretch and tension forces placed on stainless-steel wire by 20 oral and maxillofacial surgeons were obtained. unstretched wire was clinically as tough or tougher than prestretched wire of a similar gauge. both prestretched and unstretched wires, twisted to their maximum, loosened when under tension. as the prestretch forces increased, the clinical strength of the wire diminished.	2007	1890520
a citation analysis of the work of lee b. lusted, md.		2007	1865779
society, health, and the nhs.		2007	1932997
failure of chronic glutathione elevation to reduce cytotoxicity produced by exposure to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii), ionizing radiation, or hyperthermia.	chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells cultured in vitro were continuously exposed to increasing concentrations of diethylmaleate (dem). chronic exposure of these cells (designated cho/dem) to 80 microm diethylmaleate resulted in an increase in cystine transport, a decrease in glutathione inhibition of the enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, elevation of intracellular glutathione levels to 4.3 times control, and elevation of glutathione-s-transferase activity by 6.6 times. yet, cho/dem and cont ...	2007	1974822
significance of the p210 versus p190 molecular abnormalities in adults with philadelphia chromosome-positive acute leukemia.	we investigated the significance of p210 and p190 molecular abnormalities in 32 adults with philadelphia chromosome (ph)-positive acute leukemia. p210 was detected in 15 patients (47%), p190 in 16 (50%), and both in one (3%). p210 was noted in 11 of 24 patients (46%) with acute lymphocytic leukemia, and in four of eight patients (50%) with acute myelogenous or undifferentiated leukemia. among 29 patients with untreated disease (p210, 14 patients; p190, 15 patients), no significant differences in ...	2007	1932753
blastocystosis in italy.		2007	2596809
blastocystosis in italy.		2007	2596809
allergy to n,n-dimethyl-p-toluidine in dental materials.		2007	2040161
plasma cotinine, smoking, and lung cancer in china.		2007	1971071
dynamic computed tomography as an ancillary screening test for traumatic thoracic aortic injuries: a critical review.	while the divergence of opinion on the matter of diagnostic modalities will probably continue, dynamic computed tomography scans should be considered as a necessary study in assessing a possible traumatic thoracic aortic injury. the use of this modality will decrease the need for thoracic angiograms and invariably increase the yield.	2007	1920521
[a statistical model of evolution with stabilizing selection].	we consider a population of fixed size and reproducing asexually, evolving in a rugged fitness landscape. selection takes place only via the elimination of individuals with unfit genomes. unfit genotypes are distributed at random in genotypic space. the genetic structure of the population and the speed of genetic drift are explicitly computed in the infinite genome limit.	2007	1913251
[assisted ventilation: prevention of nosocomial infections].		2007	1853087
[aneurysm of the interatrial septum associated with lutembacher's syndrome. echocardiographic and doppler study].	the case of a patient with suspected atrial septal defect is presented. echocardiographic-doppler study confirms the defect associated with mitral stenosis (lutembacher syndrome) and shows an atrial septal aneurysm through which the shunt is revealed.	2007	2093966
combined grafting of bone marrow and thymus, and sequential multiple thymus graftings in various strains of mice. the effect on immune functions and life span.	the combined grafting of young bone marrow and newborn thymus performed in old mice was effective in restoring the impaired immune functions, but the same treatment performed in middle-aged adult mice had no effect on the life span of c3h/mtv female mice. sequential multiple newborn thymus graftings starting at young adult age were effective in enhancing immunological functions, delaying the onset of tumor and extending the survival rate to certain degree in the first half of the experimental co ...	2008	2664370
combined grafting of bone marrow and thymus, and sequential multiple thymus graftings in various strains of mice. the effect on immune functions and life span.	the combined grafting of young bone marrow and newborn thymus performed in old mice was effective in restoring the impaired immune functions, but the same treatment performed in middle-aged adult mice had no effect on the life span of c3h/mtv female mice. sequential multiple newborn thymus graftings starting at young adult age were effective in enhancing immunological functions, delaying the onset of tumor and extending the survival rate to certain degree in the first half of the experimental co ...	2008	2664370
[progress in cancer chemotherapy].		2008	2666699
[progress in cancer chemotherapy].		2008	2666699
simultaneous chemo-radiotherapy with 5-fu/folinic acid/cis-platinum and accelerated split-course radiation in advanced head and neck cancer.	in a clinical phase-ii trial, 62 previously untreated patients suffering from unresectable stage iii (4 patients) and iv (56 patients) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with a simultaneous chemoradiotherapy consisting of a 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid/cis-platinum combination and of an accelerated split-course radiotherapy. as results, 3 patients died from tumor arrosion bleeding during the treatment. the median follow-up time of the surviving patients is 27+ months (range ...	2008	2654789
using facs vs. communication scores to measure spontaneous facial expression of emotion in brain-damaged patients: a reply to mammucari et al. (1988).	buck and duffy (1980) and borod et al. (1985) found evidence of deficits in spontaneous expressiveness in right brain-damaged (rbd) patients relative to lbd patients and controls. using facs, mammucari et al. (1988) failed to replicate this result and questioned our methods and findings. this paper replies (a) that mammucari et al. (1988)'s review of our work is selective and misleading; (b) that there are aspects of their study that can account for their null results, including the insufficient ...	2008	2387161
importance of peak enzyme level and reinfarction while attempting to intervene myocardial infarction process.	isosorbide dinitrate (isdn) was tried in 27 patients, of which 4 patients with evidence of reinfarction were excluded in the course of the study, with acute myocardial infarction, with the aim of reduction of enzymatically estimated infarction size. the drug apparently seemed useless, when overall effects of the therapy was looked into. but in the group, where drug was administered before the occurrence of peak enzyme level (pel), isdn could reduce infarction size by 22.95% (p less than 0.01). s ...	2008	2630597
house dust mite-induced histamine release from washed blood cells. evaluation of effect parameters.	in a selected group of 60 house dust mite allergic asthmatics, the correlation between the bronchial sensitivity to house dust mite and effect parameters of mite-induced histamine release from washed blood cells was evaluated. using a sensitive glass microfibre-based method, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.60; p less than 0.001) was found between bronchial allergen sensitivity and basophil cell sensitivity expressed as the house dust mite concentration necessary to give half the maximu ...	2008	2446521
[assessment of nutritional status in the elderly].		2008	2519421
[therapy monitoring of regional chemotherapy by magnetic resonance spectroscopy].		2008	2474953
importance of peak enzyme level and reinfarction while attempting to intervene myocardial infarction process.	isosorbide dinitrate (isdn) was tried in 27 patients, of which 4 patients with evidence of reinfarction were excluded in the course of the study, with acute myocardial infarction, with the aim of reduction of enzymatically estimated infarction size. the drug apparently seemed useless, when overall effects of the therapy was looked into. but in the group, where drug was administered before the occurrence of peak enzyme level (pel), isdn could reduce infarction size by 22.95% (p less than 0.01). s ...	2008	2630597
[treatment of decubitus ulcer with crilanomer and dextranomer].	in a clinical study on decubital ulcers, 95 patients in 10 hospitals were treated with dextranomer and crilanomer. the size of the ulcer surface and the physician's evaluation of the healing status at the end of treatment served as the most important criteria for our assessment of the curative effect. both preparations proved equivalent in the statistical test. crilanomer revealed slightly better results than dextranomer with regard to the physician's overall evaluation al well as odor, exudatio ...	2008	2483786
[microtrauma and cartilage injury].	in addition to macrotraumas resulting from single and heavy impact, recurrent microtraumas are probably frequently the cause of cartilage damage. the risk of a microtraumatic cartilage damage exists especially in activities involving a high load frequency. epidemiological studies and dynamometric measurements in race events support this assumption. based on experimental investigations it is shown how the different components of the articular system-cartilage, synovial membrane and subchondral bo ...	2008	2610669
[duodenogastric reflux after organ-sparing operations in complicated duodenal ulcer].	on the basis of treatment of 105 patients operated on for complicated duodenal ulcer disease, it was established that performance of the organ-preserving operation with the ulcer excision supplemented with the pylorus-restoring and pylorus-preserving intervention permitted to reduce considerably the incidence of duodenogastric reflux.	2008	2259099
a preliminary study of brain gliomas with h17e2 monoclonal antibody: immunoscintigraphy and pharmacokinetics.	ten patients with relapsing high grade brain gliomas and one patient with low grade glioma were studied with a monoclonal antibody (h17e2) against placental alkaline phosphatase. in addition 2 patients with relapsing high grade glioma were studied with a non specific antibody (4d513/2118). 1 mci of iodine-131-labelled h17e2 was administered intracarotidly (i.c.) in two, and intravenously (i.v.) in 9 patients. immunoscintigrams were taken at 0, 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours. radioactivity was monitored ...	2008	2614081
a preliminary study of brain gliomas with h17e2 monoclonal antibody: immunoscintigraphy and pharmacokinetics.	ten patients with relapsing high grade brain gliomas and one patient with low grade glioma were studied with a monoclonal antibody (h17e2) against placental alkaline phosphatase. in addition 2 patients with relapsing high grade glioma were studied with a non specific antibody (4d513/2118). 1 mci of iodine-131-labelled h17e2 was administered intracarotidly (i.c.) in two, and intravenously (i.v.) in 9 patients. immunoscintigrams were taken at 0, 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours. radioactivity was monitored ...	2008	2614081
calcaneal gait in spastic diplegia after heel cord lengthening: a study with gait analysis.	calcaneal gait or deformity can be a significant complication after heel cord lengthening. after heel cord lengthening, 20 children with spastic diplegia were evaluated by gait analysis to define calcaneal gait objectively and describe associated morbidity. mean age was 5 years 2 months (range 2 years 7 months to 8 years 2 months), and mean length of follow-up was 5 years 8 months (range 1 years 1 month 11 year 3 months). calcaneal gait was defined as dorsiflexion 1 sd beyond the mean in the sag ...	2008	2600179
effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with tertatolol on diastolic function in hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy.	we assessed the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with 5 mg tertatolol, a noncardioselective beta-blocker, on left ventricular hypertrophy (lvh) and diastolic function. fifteen hypertensive patients were selected as good responders to previous treatment with tertatolol (supine blood pressure less than 140/90 mm hg). they were divided into 2 groups: group 1 with lvh (n = 6) and group 2 without lvh (n = 9). after a one month wash-out period, all patients received 5 mg tertatolol once ...	2008	2573376
preserved hearing following excision of acoustic tumours.		2008	2885629
reduction of aryl-nitroso compounds by pyridine and flavin coenzymes.	1. a systematic kinetic investigation of the reduction of aryl-nitroso compounds by pyridine and flavin coenzymes and their analogs, in enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems, has been reported. 2. two main groups of nitroso compounds have been investigated, representatives nitroso-benzene and 1-nitroso-2-naphthol; in all enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems, the former was always reduced to phenyl-hydroxyl-amine and the latter to 1-amino-2-naphthol. 3. pyridine compounds included nadh, apad-4h2 and d ...	2008	2531098
[clinical and biological considerations on adenocystic carcinoma of the head].	the purpose of the present work was to define some aspects (i.e. the influence of histological grading on prognosis and the possibility of an eventual hormone dependency) of adenoidocystic carcinoma, a highly controversial form of carcinoma still open to debate. a study is thus reported of 33 cases of adenoidocystic carcinoma of the head and neck seen from 1965-1985 at the e.n.t. clinic of ferrara. the individual histological samples were seen over a period of time by a single histopathologist w ...	2008	2548367
[whipple's disease].		2008	2475663
[arthroscopic surgery of the knee joint cartilage].	the arthroscopic surgery of articular cartilage of the knee is beside conservative therapy and invasive surgical procedures an important enrichment in treatment of chondromalacia stage ii and iii. in the department of surgery of the municipal hospital of berlin-weissensee 3250 arthroscopic operations were performed between january 1983 and december 1988. in 227 patients chondromalacia stage ii and iii was found which had to be treated by arthroscopic surgery. four different operation methods wer ...	2008	2386466
[principles of creating esophageal anastomoses].	the techniques of formation of esophageal anastomoses are discussed on the basis of experience with 317 operations. the authors believe the following moments to be most important in the creation of communications with the esophagus: the use of a laser scalpel and monophilic atraumatic suture material, accurate apposition of the identical coats of the anastomosed organs by means of sutures placed at some distance from one another and tied not too tightly, creation of an antireflux mechanism in fo ...	2008	2292863
preventing nervous system sports injuries.	physical fitness and sports remain integral components of overall good health and a cornerstone of preventive medicine. when performed safely, under adequate supervision, and with appropriate protective gear, most of these activities are enjoyable, healthful and psychologically gratifying. when not performed safely by trained athletes, these same activities can be treacherous, injurious and permanently disabling. the goals of this article are to review and describe low-risk and high-risk sports ...	2008	2648209
preventing nervous system sports injuries.	physical fitness and sports remain integral components of overall good health and a cornerstone of preventive medicine. when performed safely, under adequate supervision, and with appropriate protective gear, most of these activities are enjoyable, healthful and psychologically gratifying. when not performed safely by trained athletes, these same activities can be treacherous, injurious and permanently disabling. the goals of this article are to review and describe low-risk and high-risk sports ...	2008	2648209
[features of oxygen supply in exercise load in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans of the peripheral arteries].	the organism's oxygen balance was studied in 27 patients with atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries during the test on a bicycle ergometer. the decrease in the patient's physical capacity was found to be in high correlation with the severity of oxygen disbalance.	2008	2293156
development of multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of five bacterial fish pathogens.	a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was designed for the simultaneous detection of the five major fish pathogens, aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, flavobacterium columnare, renibacterium salmoninarum, and yersinia ruckeri. each of the five pairs of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the targeted gene of the specific microorganism. the detection limits of the multiplex pcr was in the range of 2, 1, 1, 3, and 1cfu for a. hydrophila, a. salmo ...	2008	18499358
development of a pcr protocol for the detection of aeromonas salmonicida in fish by amplification of the fsta (ferric siderophore receptor) gene.	the aims of the study were to evaluate a new pcr protocol designed to detect aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissues and to develop a non-destructive method for the diagnosis of furunculosis. a set of primers (fer3, fer4), flanking a fragment of the fsta gene (coding for the ferric-siderophore receptor) was designed, showing to be sensitive and specific. when compared to pcr methods previously reported, the new protocol recognized all the 69 a. salmonicida strains evaluated, with no cross-reaction ...	2008	18035507
antibacterial action of l-amino acid oxidase from the skin mucus of rockfish sebastes schlegelii.	l-amino acid oxidase (lao) shows broadly antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by h(2)o(2) generated in the oxidative process of l-amino acids. however, lao (termed ssap) isolated from the rockfish sebastes schlegelii skin mucus acted selectively on gram-negative bacteria. therefore, this study was undertaken to clarify the antibacterial action of ssap as compared with h(2)o(2). ssap inhibited potently the growth of aeromonas salmonicida, photobacterium damselae ...	2008	18055243
expressed sequence tags (ests) from immune tissues of turbot (scophthalmus maximus) challenged with pathogens.	the turbot (scophthalmus maximus; scophthalmidae; pleuronectiformes) is a flatfish species of great relevance for marine aquaculture in europe. in contrast to other cultured flatfish, very few genomic resources are available in this species. aeromonas salmonicida and philasterides dicentrarchi are two pathogens that affect turbot culture causing serious economic losses to the turbot industry. little is known about the molecular mechanisms for disease resistance and host-pathogen interactions in ...	2008	18817567
cortisol response and immune-related effects of atlantic salmon (salmo salar linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress.	it is generally considered that stress causes decreased immune function in fish. in this study we examined in atlantic salmon (salmo salar linnaeus) the effects of both short- (a single 15s out of water) and long-term (4 weeks of daily handling 15s out of water) stress on plasma cortisol (free and total) and glucose levels, expression of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) and survival of head kidney (hk) macrophages under culture with aeromonas salmonicida. in the short-term study, samples were collec ...	2008	18065240
temperate bacteriophage phio18p from an aeromonas media isolate: characterization and complete genome sequence.	a group of 74 aeromonas isolates from surface water of three ponds in bielefeld, germany was screened for prophage induction after uv irradiation. the phage phio18p was induced from the aeromonas media isolate o18. phio18p belongs to the myoviridae phage family. the complete nucleotide sequence of the double stranded dna genome of bacteriophage phio18p consists of 33,985 bp. the genome has 5' protruding cohesive ends of 16 bases. on the phio18p genome 46 open reading frames (orfs) were identifie ...	2008	18096197
contribution of type iv pili to the virulence of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.).	aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a bacterial pathogen of atlantic salmon, has no visible pili, yet its genome contains genes for three type iv pilus systems. one system, tap, is similar to the pseudomonas aeruginosa pil system, and a second, flp, resembles the actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans flp pilus, while the third has homology to the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pilus of vibrio cholerae. the latter system is likely nonfunctional since eight genes, including the gene encoding ...	2008	18212071
the involvement of aeromonas salmonicida virulence factors in bacterial translocation across the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), intestine.	the pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a lethal disease in salmonids. the mode of lateral transmission has not been conclusively defined, but a. salmonicida is able to translocate across the intestinal epithelium of salmonids, making the intestinal route a probable candidate. this study investigated some of the virulence mechanisms used by the bacteria to promote translocation. intestinal segments were placed in modified ussing chambers to investig ...	2008	18234022
recombinant production and characterization of the carbohydrate recognition domain from atlantic salmon c-type lectin receptor c (sclrc).	the atlantic salmon c-type lectin receptor c (sclrc) locus encodes a potential oligomeric type ii receptor. c-type lectins recognize carbohydrates in a ca(2+)-dependent manner through structurally conserved, yet functionally diverse, c-type lectin-like domains (ctlds). many conserved amino acids in animal ctlds are present in sclrc, with the notable exception of an asparagine crucially involved in ca(2+)- and carbohydrate-binding, which is tyrosine in sclrc. sclrc also contains six cysteines tha ...	2008	18272393
the early response of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) macrophages exposed in vitro to aeromonas salmonicida cultured in broth and in fish.	aeromonas salmonicida is a fish pathogen that causes furunculosis. virulent strains of this bacterium are able to infect salmonid macrophages and survive within them, although mechanisms favouring intracellular survival are not completely understood. it is known that a. salmonicida cultured in vivo in the peritoneal cavity of the host undergoes changes in gene expression and surface architecture compared with cultures grown in vitro in broth. therefore, in this study, the early macrophage respon ...	2008	17825909
detection of the causative agent of furunculusis, aeromonas salmonicida in salmonids of the krka river.	in this paper we describe the bacterial community associated with salmonids from the krka river. diversity analysis demonstrated that majority of the recovered bacteria were related to aeromonadaceae group. bacterial analysis also revealed the presence of shigella spp. and pseudomonas fluorescens. isolation of aeromonas salmonicida from trout, presents first isolation of this bacteria croatian rivers.	2008	17624808
comparison of atypical furunculosis vaccines in spotted wolffish (anarhicas minor o.) and atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.).	atypical furunculosis caused by atypical aeromonas salmonicida is a problem in farming of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) and spotted wolffish (anarhicas minor) in norway, and vaccines for marine fish species are not available. susceptibility to atypical a. salmonicida infection and efficacy of furunculosis vaccines in various fish species indicate that the host responses differ. here, spotted wolffish was shown to be highly susceptible to intraperitoneal challenge with atypical a. ...	2008	18450337
identification of mhc class iibeta resistance/susceptibility alleles to aeromonas salmonicida in brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis).	pathogen-driven selection is believed to be important in the evolution and maintenance of the polymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes but have been tested for very few vertebrates. in this study, we first investigate by sscp (single strand conformational polymorphism) the diversity found at the mhc class iibeta gene in a population of brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis) from the rupert river (québec, canada). secondly, to explore the survival performances conferred by sp ...	2008	18455800
distribution of small plasmids in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains isolated from nw spain and portugal: evidence of clonality in strains isolated from turbot, psetta maxima (l.).		2008	18471103
aeromonas salmonicida peritonitis after eating fish in a patient undergoing capd.		2008	18474929
identification of heme uptake genes in the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.	aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis in fish, can use heme as the sole iron source. we applied the fur titration assay to isolate a cluster including six genes hutazxbcd that showed similarity to heme uptake genes of other gram-negative bacteria, and three genes orf123 of unknown function. the spatial organization of these nine genes, arranged in five transcriptional units, was similar to that of a homologous cluster in a. hydrophila. when a tonb system w ...	2008	18535817
isolation of putative probionts from cod rearing environment.	survival problems are encountered at early stages of intensive fish rearing and antibiotics are widely used to remedy the situation. probiotics may provide a potential alternative method to protect larvae from opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria and promote a balanced environment. this study was designed to search for new probiotics to target this critical period in cod rearing. potential probionts were selected from the natural microbiota of cod aquacultural environment. the selection was bas ...	2008	18599226
insight into the plasmid metagenome of wastewater treatment plant bacteria showing reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs analysed by the 454-pyrosequencing technology.	wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) are a reservoir for bacteria harbouring antibiotic resistance plasmids. to get a comprehensive overview on the plasmid metagenome of wwtp bacteria showing reduced susceptibility to certain antimicrobial drugs an ultrafast sequencing approach applying the 454-technology was carried out. one run on the gs 20 system yielded 346,427 reads with an average read length of 104 bases resulting in a total of 36,071,493 bases sequence data. the obtained plasmid metagenom ...	2008	18586057
a micro-dilution method for detecting oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria in marine sediments from salmon and mussel aquaculture sites and an urbanized harbour in atlantic canada.	a micro-dilution technique with changes in optical density (od) used to measure bacterial growth over 72 h in culture media containing 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 microg otc (oxytetracycline)ml(-1) was applied to determine growth inhibition (gi) in mixed bacterial strains cultured from samples of marine sediments and salmon feed pellets. growth of control cultures (aeromonas salmonicida) was inhibited at all otc concentrations. some feed pellet samples and under-cage sediments from salmon aquac ...	2008	18589456
contribution of food deprivation to the immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) vaccinated against cryptobia salmositica and aeromonas salmonicida.	the aims of the present study were to determine (a) the effectiveness of an attenuated live cryptobia salmositica vaccine; (b) the effects of food deprivation on the immune response and its duration in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immunised with a live c. salmositica vaccine or with a killed aeromonas salmonicida vaccine. the fish were divided into three groups (i, ii and iii; 14 fish per group), those in groups i and ii were under food deprivation (0.40% of body weight), while group iii ...	2008	18669247
in vitro studies of lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) foregut: tissue responses and evidence of protection against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida epithelial damage.	probiotic bacteria increase the host health status and protect mucosal tissue against pathogen-caused damage in mammalian models. using an in vitro (intestinal sac) method this study aimed to address (a) the in vitro ability of lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis to remain in the gastrointestinal tract of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and (b) its ability to prevent cellular damage caused by successive incubation with aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida the causative agent of furuncul ...	2008	18054448
identification of siderophore biosynthesis genes essential for growth of aeromonas salmonicida under iron limitation conditions.	aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiological agent of furunculosis in fish, produces a catechol-type siderophore under iron-limiting conditions. in this study, the fur titration assay (furta) was used to identify a cluster of six genes, asbg, asbf, asbd, asbc, asbb, and asbi, encoding proteins similar to components of the siderophore biosynthetic machinery in other bacteria. reverse transcriptase pcr analyses showed that this cluster consists of four iron-regulated transcriptional u ...	2008	18296539
transferable, multiple antibiotic and mercury resistance in atlantic canadian isolates of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is associated with carriage of an inca/c plasmid similar to the salmonella enterica plasmid psn254.	the aim of this study was to examine the molecular basis for multiple antibiotic and mercury resistance in canadian isolates of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.	2008	18375380
cloning, binding properties, and tissue localization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ladderlectin.	the present paper describes the primary structure, expression and immunohistochemical localization of rainbow trout ladderlectin (rtll), a multimeric serum lectin that binds sepharose and lps of aeromonas salmonicida. two rainbow trout cdnas (504 and 546bp) and a genomic sequence (2kb) were amplified using ladderlectin-specific primers. the sequences were identified as group vii mannose-binding c-type lectins from predicted amino acid sequences and showed highest identity with the atlantic salmo ...	2008	18407519
polymerase chain reaction amplification of repetitive intergenic consensus and repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences for molecular typing of pseudomonas anguilliseptica and aeromonas salmonicida.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of two molecular techniques, repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) and repetitive intergenic consensus pcr (eric-pcr), as epidemiological tools with which to discriminate among genetically distinct strains within two bacterial fish pathogens, pseudomonas anguilliseptica and aeromonas salmonicida. a total of 30 a. salmonicida and 52 p. anguilliseptica were analyzed. for p. anguilliseptica, three different major fingerpr ...	2008	18783128
surveillance of health status on eight marine rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), farms in denmark in 2006.	the health status of eight marine rainbow trout farms was followed from mid-june to mid-september 2006 by sampling both dead and healthy fish approximately every 2 weeks for bacteriological and virological investigation. no fish pathogenic viruses were detected, but all farms experienced disease and mortality as a result of various bacterial infections. yersinia ruckeri was found on four and renibacterium salmoninarum on five of the farms, but only during the first part of the surveillance perio ...	2008	18786028
the genome of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida a449: insights into the evolution of a fish pathogen.	aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a gram-negative bacterium that is the causative agent of furunculosis, a bacterial septicaemia of salmonid fish. while other species of aeromonas are opportunistic pathogens or are found in commensal or symbiotic relationships with animal hosts, a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida causes disease in healthy fish. the genome sequence of a. salmonicida was determined to provide a better understanding of the virulence factors used by this pathogen to infect ...	2008	18801193
atypical furunculosis vaccines for atlantic cod (gadus morhua); vaccine efficacy and antibody responses.	atypical furunculosis caused by atypical aeromonas salmonicida, is an emerging problem in farming of atlantic cod (gadus morhua) in norway, and vaccines are needed. atypical a. salmonicida comprises a heterogeneous group of bacteria differing in surface antigens such as the a-layer protein and lipopolysaccharides (lps). except for one of the experimental oil-adjuvanted whole cell vaccines based on various isolates they all resulted in moderate protection. no clear correlation between vaccine eff ...	2008	18951938