Publications

crystal structure of the heteromolecular chaperone, asce-ascg, from the type iii secretion system in aeromonas hydrophila.	the putative needle complex subunit ascf forms a ternary complex with the chaperones asce and ascg in the type iii secretion system of aeromonas hydrophila so as to avoid premature assembly. previously, we demonstrated that the c-terminal region of ascg (residues 62-116) in the hetero-molecular chaperone, asce-ascg, is disordered and susceptible to limited protease digestion.	2011	21559439
isolation and characterization of virulent aeromonas veronii from ascitic fluid of oscar astronotus ocellatus showing signs of infectious dropsy.	the cichlid oscar astronotus ocellatus has worldwide commercial value in the pet fish industry because of its early maturation, relatively high fecundity, ability to identify its caretaker and also to alter colouration amongst conspecifics. pathogenic strains of aeromonas veronii resistant to multiple antibiotics were isolated from a. ocellatus individuals showing signs of infectious abdominal dropsy. the moribund fish showed haemorrhage in all internal organs, and pure cultures could be obtaine ...	2011	21553566
[effect of heavy metal salts on the growth and pathogenicity factors of opportunistic bacteria].	the paper presents experimental data on the effect of different concentrations of the salts of cadmium, copper, and zinc on the adaptive potentialities of the most common opportunistic microflora in the volga-caspian region. the findings suggest that natural microorganisms (aeromonas and citrobacter) show a high metal resistance that seems to be associated with steadily increased background levels of these metals in the waters of the volga-caspian basin.	2011	21510046
effects of anthraquinone extract from rheum officinale bail on the physiological responses and hsp70 gene expression of megalobrama amblycephala under aeromonas hydrophila infection.	we evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with anthraquinone extract (from rheum officinale bail) on the resistance to aeromonas hydrophila infection in megalobrama amblycephala. the fish were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (fed a standard diet) and a treatment group (standard diet supplemented with 0.1% anthraquinone extract) and fed for 10 weeks. we then challenged the fish with a. hydrophila and recorded mortality and changes in serum cortisol, lysozyme, alkaline p ...	2011	21362482
comparative evaluation of chromogenic agar cm1046 and mfc agar for detection of e. coli and thermotolerant coliform bacteria from water samples.	aims: the equivalence of oxoid (cm 1046) brilliance((tm)) e. coli/coliform selective agar to mfc agar, as used in the australian/new zealand standard method to detect thermotolerant coliforms and escherichia coli in water samples, was assessed. methods and results: a total of 244 water samples were analysed in parallel over a 5-month period. sewage effluent samples (n = 131, sites = 43), freshwater (n = 62, sites = 18) and marine/brackish water samples (n = 51, sites = 23) were analysed. the w ...	2011	21585405
aeromonas pneumonia in a trauma patient requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: case report and literature review.	abstract background: aeromonas species, particularly aeromonas hydrophila, cause a wide spectrum of diseases in human being such as gastroenteritis; soft tissue infections including necrotizing fasciitis, meningitis, peritonitis, and bacteremia; but pneumonia and respiratory tract infections are uncommon. methods: case report and literature review. results: a 30-year-old victim of a motor vehicle crash sustained pelvic fractures and splenic injury. delayed splenic rupture caused sudden cardiores ...	2011	21510774
structural characterization of the o-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of the fish pathogen aeromonas bestiarum strain p1s.	the o-specific polysaccharide obtained by mild-acid degradation of lipopolysaccharide of aeromonas bestiarum p1s was studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the sequence of the sugar residues was determined using (1)h,(1)h noesy and (1)h,(13)c hmbc experiments. the o-specific polysaccharide was found to be a high-molecular-mass polysaccharide composed of tetrasaccharide repeating units of the structure [formula in text]. since small amounts of a term ...	2011	21377659
common key acidogen populations in anaerobic reactors treating different wastewaters: molecular identification and quantitative monitoring.	bacterial population dynamics during the start-up of three lab-scale anaerobic reactors treating different wastewaters, i.e., synthetic glucose wastewater, whey permeate, and liquefied sewage sludge, were assessed using a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and real-time pcr techniques. the dgge results showed that bacterial populations related to aeromonas spp. and clostridium sticklandii emerged as common and prominent acidogens in all reactors. two real-time pcr prim ...	2011	21377710
involvement of the gspab complex in assembly of the type ii secretion system secretin of aeromonas and vibrio species.	the type ii secretion system (t2ss) functions as a transport mechanism to translocate proteins from the periplasm to the extracellular environment. the exea homologue in aeromonas hydrophila, gspa(ah), is an atpase that interacts with peptidoglycan and forms an inner membrane complex with the exeb homologue (gspb(ah)). the complex may be required to generate space in the peptidoglycan mesh that is necessary for the transport and assembly of the megadalton-sized exed homologue (gspd(ah)) secretin ...	2011	21378198
dietary administration of bacillus thuringiensis on the cellular innate immune response of african catfish (clarias gariepinus) against aeromonas hydrophila.	an experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) as a probiotic to enhance the cellular innate immune response of the african catfish (clarias gariepinus) challenged with a bacterial fish pathogen, aeromonas hydrophila.	2011	21381499
erratum: purification of a toxic cysteine protease produced by pathogenic aeromonas hydrophila isolated from rainbow trout.	an extracellular lethal toxin produced by aeromonas hydrophila strain rt860715k originally isolated from diseased rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was purified by using fast protein liquid chromatography system with hydrophobic interaction chromatography and anion exchange columns. the toxin was a cysteine protease, inhibited by l-cysteine, iodoacetic acid, n-ethylamleimide, p-chloromercuibenzene-sulfonic acid and n-α-p-tosyl-1-lysine-chloromethyl ketone (tlck), and showed maximal activity at ...	2011	21630504
enteric pathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in tripoli-libya.	abstract. stool samples from children < 5 years of age with diarrhea (n = 239) were examined for enteric pathogens using a combination of culture, enzyme-immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction methods. pathogens were detected in 122 (51%) stool samples; single pathogens were detected in 37.2% and co-pathogens in 13.8% of samples. norovirus, rotavirus, and diarrheagenic escherichia coli (dec) were the most frequently detected pathogens (15.5%, 13.4%, and 11.2%, respectively); salmonella, aden ...	2011	21633024
post-traumatic skin and soft tissue infection due to aeromonas hydrophila.	we report a case of posttraumatic skin and soft tissue infection in a patient who sustained laceration after being hit by a water tanker. aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from pus and was identified to the species level by vitek 2 and a battery of biochemical tests. the patient responded to thorough drainage, debridement of wound and 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. the patient was taken up for split skin grafting of the raw area. she was discharged with satisfactory graft uptake after 1 wee ...	2011	21633548
the influence of environmental bacteria in freshwater stingray wound-healing.	invasion by bacteria can influence the course of healing of wounds acquired in aquatic environment. in this study, the bacteria present in potamotrygonmotoro stingray mucus and in the alto paraná river water were identified, and their ability to induce tissue injury and resist antibiotics was determined. biochemical identification analysis showed that 97% of all bacterial isolates were gram negative, aeromonas spp., enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii being the species most prevalent. ...	2011	21635911
phylogenetic identification of aeromonas from pigs slaughtered for consumption in slaughterhouses at the north of portugal.	in the present study, 710 isolates of aeromonas spp. have been collected from pig carcasses, diaphragm muscle, faeces, dehairing equipment and water in slaughterhouses at the north of portugal. the isolates were obtained from a total of 154 samples. all presumptive aeromonas isolates were subjected to eric-pcr analysis and those which presented a different pattern were taken and the species classified by gyrb gene sequencing. we have found the species a. hydrophila, a. salmonicida, a. bestiarum, ...	2011	21402427
molecular basis of toxicity of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin.	clostridium perfringensε-toxin is produced by toxinotypes b and d strains. the toxin is the aetiological agent of dysentery in newborn lambs but is also associated with enteritis and enterotoxaemia in goats, calves and foals. it is considered to be a potential biowarfare or bioterrorism agent by the us government centers for disease control and prevention. the relatively inactive 32.9 kda prototoxin is converted to active mature toxin by proteolytic cleavage, either by digestive proteases of the ...	2011	21518257
diversity of protease-producing marine bacteria from sub-antarctic environments.	from seawater and the intestines of benthonic organisms collected from the beagle channel, argentina, 230 marine bacteria were isolated. cultivable bacteria were characterized and classified as psychrotolerant, whereas few isolates were psychrophiles. these isolates were capable of producing proteases at 4 and 15 °c under neutral (ph 7.0), alkaline (ph 10.0) and acidic (ph 4.5) conditions on different media, revealing 62, 33 and 22% producers at cold and 84, 47 and 33% producers at low temperatu ...	2011	21656810
biocatalysed halogenation of nucleobase analogues.	the synthesis of halogenated nucleosides and nucleobases is of interest due to their chemical and pharmacological applications. herein, the enzymatic halogenation of nucleobases and analogues catalysed by microorganisms and by chloroperoxidase from caldariomyces fumago has been studied. this latter enzyme catalysed the chlorination and bromination of indoline and uracil. pseudomonas, citrobacter, aeromonas, streptomyces, xanthomonas, and bacillus genera catalysed the chlorination and/or brominat ...	2011	21660577
painful purple plaques on the thighs of an immunosuppressed patient.		2011	21418277
immunomodulatory effects of secondary metabolites from thermophilic anoxybacillus kamchatkensis xa-1 on carp, cyprinus carpio.	a bacterial strain with putative immunomodulatory properties was isolated from xi'an hot springs in china. comparison of 16s rrna gene revealed a 97% similarity between the tested strain (designated xa-1) and anoxybacillus kamchatkensis. two compounds isolated from the secondary metabolites of xa-1 were identified by spectral data (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry) as: (1) cyclo (gly-l-pro) and (2) cyclo (l-ala-4-hydroxyl-l-pro). two cyclic dipeptides showed stimulatory ...	2011	21421057
occurrence, abundance and elimination of class 1 integrons in one municipal sewage treatment plant.	integrons are elements that encode a site-specific recombination system that recognizes and captures mobile gene cassettes and are closely related to multiple resistances of environmental microorganisms. this study was undertaken to determine the efficiency of an activated sludge process to remove integrons. the prevalence and characteristics of class 1 integrons were investigated for bacterial species isolated from the activated sludge of nanjing jiangxinzhou sewage treatment plant (stp, china) ...	2011	21431316
phenotypic characteristics of human clinical and environmental aeromonas in western australia.	: to determine the phenotypic characteristics of 199 aeromonas strains comprising 146 clinical and 53 environmental isolates.	2011	21519288
directed culturing of microorganisms using metatranscriptomics.	the vast majority of bacterial species remain uncultured, and this severely limits the investigation of their physiology, metabolic capabilities, and role in the environment. high-throughput sequencing of rna transcripts (rna-seq) allows the investigation of the diverse physiologies from uncultured microorganisms in their natural habitat. here, we report the use of rna-seq for characterizing the metatranscriptome of the simple gut microbiome from the medicinal leech hirudo verbana and for utiliz ...	2011	21467263
physical, chemical and microbiological quality of ice used to cool drinks and foods in greece and its public health implications.	ice used for direct human consumption or to preserve foods and cool down drinks can be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and may potentially become a vehicle for consumer's infection. to evaluate physical, chemical and microbiological quality of commercial ice and ice used for fish and seafood, 100 ice samples collected at 10 different retail points in the region of epirus were studied. the following microbiological parameters were determined: total coliforms, fecal coliforms, salmonel ...	2011	21802520
characterization of granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).	granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (gcsfr) is a member of the class i cytokine receptor superfamily and signaling through this receptor is important for the proliferation, differentiation and activation of neutrophils and their precursors. in this study we report on the cloning and molecular characterization of goldfish gcsfr. the identified goldfish gcsfr sequence possesses the conserved ig-like domain, the cytokine receptor homology domain (crh), three fibronectin domains as well a ...	2011	21801744
medicinal leeches and the microsurgeon: a four-year study, clinical series and risk benefit review.	background: there are case reports and small series in the literature relating to the use of medicinal leeches by plastic surgeons; however, larger series from individual units are rare. the aim of this article is to present a comprehensive 4-year case series of the use of medicinal leeches, discuss the current evidence regarding indications, risks, and benefits and highlight the recent updates regarding leech speciation. methods: patients prescribed leeches in a 4-year period (july 2004-2008) w ...	2011	21520265
isolation and identification of a novel inducible antibacterial peptide from the skin mucus of japanese eel, anguilla japonica.	in this study, acetone extracts and acidic extracts were prepared from skin mucus, gill, kidney, liver and spleen of the japanese eel, anguilla japonica, and they exhibited different levels of antibacterial activities against three strains of gram-negative bacteria, edwardsiella tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas sp. and one gram-positive bacterium micrococcus leteus. the mucus was chosen as the source of antibacterial peptide for further purification of antibacterial peptides. following the ...	2011	21796440
emerging gram-negative infections in burn wounds.	gram-negative infection remains a major contributor to morbidity, mortality, and cost of care. in the absence of comparative multinational epidemiological studies specific to burn patients, we sought to review literature trends in emerging gram-negative burn wound infections within the past 60 years. mapping trends in these organisms, although in a minority compared with the six "eskape" pathogens currently being targeted by the infectious diseases society of north america, would identify pathog ...	2011	21792068
molecular identification and virulence of three aeromonas hydrophila isolates cultured from infected channel catfish during a disease outbreak in west alabama (usa) in 2009.	three isolates (al09-71, al09-72, and al09-73) of aeromonas hydrophila were cultured from infected channel catfish ictalurus punctatus during a disease outbreak in west alabama, usa, in august 2009. sequence analysis of the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region (isr), cpn60, gyrb, and rpod genes of the 3 strains revealed that the 3 strains were closely related to each other, sharing 97 to 99% nucleotide sequence similarities. however, isr sequences of the 3 isolates from 2009 shared only 64% nuc ...	2011	21790073
k+ efflux, is required for histone-h3 dephosphorylation by listeria llo and other pore forming toxins.	chromatin modification triggered by bacteria is a newly described mechanism by which pathogens impact host transcription. listeria monocytogenes dephosphorylates histone h3 through the action of listeriolysin o (llo), however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. here we show that an unrelated pore forming toxin, aeromonas aerolysin also provokes h3 dephosphorylation. as reported for aerolysin, we show that llo, and related toxins induce a pore-dependent k(+) efflux, and that this efflux is the ...	2011	21482680
aeromonas hydrophila polar flagellum gene transcriptional hierarchy.	aeromonas hydrophila polar flagellum class i gene transcription is s(70)-dependent, which is consistent with the fact that a. hydrophila polar flagellum is constitutively expressed. in contrast to other bacteria with dual flagella systems such as vibrio parahaemolyticus, the a. hydrophila lafk protein does not compensate for the lack of the polar flagella regulator flra (v. parahaemolyticus flak homologue). this is consistent with the fact that the a. hydrophila flra mutation abolishes polar fla ...	2011	21784933
structural modification of sanguinarine and chelerythrine and their antibacterial activity.	in this study, five derivatives of sanguinarine (1) and chelerythrine (2) were prepared, with 1 and 2 as starting materials, by reduction, oxidation and nucleophilic addition to the iminium bond c=n(+). the structures of all compounds were elucidated on account of their ms, (1)h-nmr and (13)c-nmr data. the antibacterial activities of all compounds were screened, using staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, aeromonas hydrophila and pasteurella multocida as test bacteria. the minimum bacteriosta ...	2011	21491327
pathogenic bacteria in sewage treatment plants as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing.	this study applied 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing to analyze potentially pathogenic bacteria in activated sludge from 14 municipal wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) across four countries (china, u.s., canada, and singapore), plus the influent and effluent of one of the 14 wwtps. a total of 370?870 16s rrna gene sequences with average length of 207 bps were obtained and all of them were assigned to corresponding taxonomic ranks by using rdp classifier and megan. it was found that the most a ...	2011	21780772
bacterial communities in the gut of the freshwater copepod eudiaptomus gracilis.	eudiaptomus gracilis is the most abundant member of the zooplankton, plays a key role in the food web of lake balaton (hungary). in the present study the composition of bacterial communities of this copepod was investigated based on cultivation and molecular cloning. the cultivated bacterial strains from the gut homogenate samples of eudiaptomus gracilis belonged to four different clades: firmicutes, actinobacteria, bacteriodetes and proteobacteria. clone library showed high species diversity, f ...	2011	21780147
gastrointestinal colonization rates for human clinical isolates of aeromonas veronii using a mouse model.	a variety of environment-associated gastrointestinal infections have been associated with the aeromonas group of bacteria which contain both non-virulent strains as well as virulent strains within a particular species. this study monitors the colonization rates of colon tissue in a mouse-streptomycin dose/response model involving isolates of aeromonas veronii biovar sobria obtained from human clinical specimens. the ability to successfully colonize mouse colon tissues by the human clinical isola ...	2011	21779939
production and properties of keratinolytic proteases from three novel gram-negative feather-degrading bacteria isolated from brazilian soils.	the keratinolytic potential and protease properties of three novel gram-negative feather-degrading bacteria isolated from brazilian soils was described. aeromonas hydrophila k12, chryseobacterium indologenes a22 and serratia marcescens p3 were able to degrade feather meal, producing high amounts of soluble proteins and forming thiol groups. the proteases of strains k12, a22 and p3 had optimal ph of 8.0, 7.5 and 6.0, respectively; this last is an uncommon feature for bacterial keratinases. the op ...	2011	21526391
phosvitin plays a critical role in the immunity of zebrafish embryos via acting as a pattern recognition receptor and an antimicrobial effector.	how fish embryos that develop externally survive microbial attacks is poorly understood. here we clearly demonstrated that the embryo extract of zebrafish and its early embryo both displayed antimicrobial activity against microbes including pathogenic aeromonas hydrophila, and phosvitn (pv), a nutritional protein abundant in eggs, was related to this antimicrobial activity. we also showed that recombinant pv (rpv) acted as a pattern recognition receptor capable of recognizing the microbial signa ...	2011	21531722
multi-functional characteristics of the pseudomonas aeruginosa type iii needle-tip protein, pcrv; comparison to orthologs in other gram-negative bacteria.	pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to intoxicate host cells and evade innate immunity. this virulence-related machinery consists of a molecular syringe and needle assembled on the bacterial surface, which allows delivery of t3 effector proteins into infected cells. to accomplish a one-step effector translocation, a tip protein is required at the top end of the t3 needle structure. strains lacking expression of the functional tip protein fail to intoxicate host ce ...	2011	21772833
in vitro antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic moringa leaf extracts.	to evaluate the antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic moringa leaf extracts (moringa oleifera) on the growth of gram-positive and negative bacteria.	2011	21771453
in silico analysis of 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing based methods for identification of medically important aerobic gram-negative bacteria.	the study is the first one that provides guidelines on the usefulness of full and 527-bp 16s rrna gene sequencing and microseq databases for identifying medically important aerobic gram-negative bacteria. overall, full and 527-bp 16s rrna gene sequencing can identify 26.1% and 32.6% of medically important aerobic gram-negative bacteria confidently to the species level, whereas the full-microseq and 500-microseq databases can identify 15.2% and 26.1% of medically important aerobic gram-negative b ...	2011	21498652
molecular cloning, sequence analysis and structure modeling of ompr, the response regulator of aeromonas hydrophila.	the ability of bacteria to survive and proliferate in changing environmental conditions, and during host cell invasion is the key to their pathogenicity. in order to achieve this, the bacteria use a signal transduction system, the two component regulatory system, which consists of a sensor kinase and a response regulator. the envz/ompr system regulates the porin genes ompf/ompc in response to changes in osmolarity. in the present study, the ompr gene of aeromonas hydrophila (isolate ah17) was cl ...	2011	21533905
identification and epidemiological relationships of aeromonas isolates from patients with diarrhea, drinking water and foods.	a collection of aeromonas isolates obtained over a three-year period in the same geographic area (león, nw of spain) was characterized by (gtg)(5)-pcr fingerprinting, amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis and gyrb gene sequence analysis. the isolates originated from human diarrheal stools (29 isolates), potable water (13 isolates), rabbit meat (13 isolates) and marine fish (5 isolates). the distribution of aeromonas species varied with the strain source. aeromonas caviae hg4 and ...	2011	21550680
gene expression profiles of the spleen, liver, and head kidney in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) along the infection process with aeromonas salmonicida using an immune-enriched oligo-microarray.	we evaluated the expression profiles of turbot in the spleen, liver, and head kidney across five temporal points of the aeromonas salmonicida infection process using an 8 × 15 k agilent oligo-microarray. the microarray included 2,176 different fivefold replicated gene probes designed from a turbot 3' sequenced est database. we were able to identify 471 differentially expressed (de) genes (17.3% of the whole microarray), 223 in the spleen, 246 in the liver, and 125 in the head kidney, in at least ...	2011	21503602
crystal structure of serratia fonticola sfh-i: activation of the nucleophile in mono-zinc metallo-ß-lactamases.	metallo-ß-lactamases (mbls) or class b ß-lactamases are zinc-dependent enzymes capable of inactivating almost all classes of ß-lactam antibiotics. to date, no mbl inhibitors are available for clinical use. of the three mbl subclasses, b2 enzymes, unlike those from subclasses b1 and b3, are fully active with one zinc ion bound and possess a narrow spectrum of activity, hydrolyzing carbapenem substrates almost exclusively. these remain the least studied mbls. sfh-i, originally identified from the ...	2011	21762699
a udp-hexnac:polyprenol-p galnac-1-p transferase (wecp) representing a new subgroup of the enzyme family.	the aeromonas hydrophila ah-3 wecp represents a new class of udp-hexnac:polyprenol-p hexnac-1-p transferases. these enzymes use a membrane-associated polyprenol phosphate acceptor (undecaprenyl phosphate [und-p]) and a cytoplasmic udp-d-n-acetylhexosamine sugar nucleotide as the donor substrate. until now, all the weca enzymes tested were able to transfer udp-glcnac to the und-p. in this study, we present in vitro and in vivo proofs that a. hydrophila ah-3 wecp transfers galnac to und-p and is u ...	2011	21335454
multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the genus aeromonas.	a broad multilocus phylogenetic analysis (mlpa) of the representative diversity of a genus offers the opportunity to incorporate concatenated inter-species phylogenies into bacterial systematics. recent analyses based on single housekeeping genes have provided coherent phylogenies of aeromonas. however, to date, a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis has never been tackled. in the present study, the intra- and inter-species phylogenetic relationships of 115 strains representing all aeromonas species ...	2011	21353754
structural insights into quinolone antibiotic resistance mediated by pentapeptide repeat proteins: conserved surface loops direct the activity of a qnr protein from a gram-negative bacterium.	quinolones inhibit bacterial type ii dna topoisomerases (e.g. dna gyrase) and are among the most important antibiotics in current use. however, their efficacy is now being threatened by various plasmid-mediated resistance determinants. of these, the pentapeptide repeat-containing (prp) qnr proteins are believed to act as dna mimics and are particularly prevalent in gram-negative bacteria. predicted qnr-like proteins are also present in numerous environmental bacteria. here, we demonstrate that o ...	2011	21227918
colorimetric detection of pcr product with dnazymes induced by 5'-nuclease activity of dna polymerases.		2011	21161971
immunostimulatory activities of a decapeptide derived from alcaligenes faecalis fy-3 to crucian carp.	a strain was isolated from a soil sample collected from weihe river in shaanxi province (108°03'e 34°14'n), which was identified as alcaligenes faecalis by 16s rrna analysis. a compound m showing potent immune activity was isolated from secondary metabolites of the strain through bioassay-guided isolation techniques. the structure of the compound m was elucidated using ft-ir, ei-ms, 1h nmr and 13c nmr spectra and identified as cyclo-(l-pro-gly)5 which was first time reported as a natural product ...	2011	21332568
development of a dna microarray for detection and identification of legionella pneumophila and ten other pathogens in drinking water.	the safety and accessibility of drinking water are major concerns throughout the world. consumption of water contaminated with infectious agents, toxic chemicals or radiological hazards represents a significant health risk and is strongly associated with mortality. therefore, we have developed an oligonucleotide-based microarray using the sequences of 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer regions (its) and the gyrase subunit b gene (gyrb) found in the most prevalent and devastating waterborne ...	2011	21276629
amino-benzosuberone: a novel warhead for selective inhibition of human aminopeptidase-n/cd13.	this paper describes the design and synthesis of compounds belonging to a novel class of highly selective mammalian cd13 inhibitors. racemic homologues of 3-amino-2-tetralone 1 were synthesised and evaluated for their ability to selectively inhibit the membrane-bound, zinc-dependent aminopeptidase-n/cd13 (ec 3.4.11.2). some of these novel non-peptidic compounds are potent, competitive inhibitors of the mammalian enzyme, with k(i) values in the low micromolar range in spite of their minimal size ...	2011	21292493
the centromere site of the segregation cassette of broad-host-range plasmid ra3 is located at the border of the maintenance and conjugative transfer modules.	ra3 is a low-copy-number, broad-host-range (bhr) conjugative plasmid of the incu incompatibility group isolated originally from aeromonas spp. a 4.9-kb fragment of ra3 is sufficient to stabilize an otherwise unstable replicon in escherichia coli. this fragment specifies the kora-incc-korb-orf11 operon coding for an active partition system related to the central control operon of incp-1 plasmids and found also in bhr environmental plasmids recently classified as the proma group. all four genes in ...	2011	21296952
quorum sensing and c-di-gmp-dependent alterations in gene transcripts and virulence-associated phenotypes in a clinical isolate of aeromonas hydrophila.	recently, we demonstrated that the luxs-based quorum sensing (qs) system (ai-2) negatively regulated the virulence of a diarrheal isolate ssu of aeromonas hydrophila, while the ahyri-based (ai-1) n-acyl-homoserine lactone system was a positive regulator of bacterial virulence. thus, these qs systems had opposing effects on modulating biofilm formation and bacterial motility in vitro models and in vivo virulence in a speticemic mouse model of infection. in this study, we linked these two qs syste ...	2011	21256953
bacterial diseases of crabs: a review.	bacterial diseases of crabs are manifested as bacteremias caused by organisms such as vibrio, aeromonas, and a rhodobacteriales-like organism or tissue and organ tropic organisms such as chitinoclastic bacteria, rickettsia intracellular organisms, chlamydia-like organism, and spiroplasma. this paper provides general information about bacterial diseases of both marine and freshwater crabs. some bacteria pathogens such as vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus occur commonly in blue crab haemolymph ...	2011	21215353
diversity and characterization of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria associated with non-native species, white-leg shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei), and native species, black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon), intensively cultured in thailand.	this study aimed at surveying prevalence of oxytetracycline (otc)-resistant bacteria in the white-leg shrimp litopenaeus vannamei, and the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, intensively cultured in thailand. we investigated the phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial isolates, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of otc, the occurrence of major otc-resistant genes and multiple-antibiotic resistance in the isolates.	2011	21219554
detection of three virulence genes alt, ahp and aera in aeromonas hydrophila and their relationship with actual virulence to zebrafish.	to evaluate the frequency of the aerolysin (aera), cytotoxic enterotoxin (alt) and serine protease (ahp) genes in aeromonas hydrophila isolates from different sources, and to determine the relationship between the presence of these genes and virulence of a. hydrophila in zebrafish.	2011	21219556
aminoglycoside-resistant aeromonas hydrophila as part of a polymicrobial infection following a traumatic fall into freshwater.	amikacin is a first-line treatment for aeromonas infection due to high efficacy. there are few reports of aminoglycoside-resistant aeromonas spp. we report a soft tissue infection containing multiple pathogens, including a strain of aeromonas hydrophila resistant to amikacin, tobramycin, and multiple cephalosporins.	2011	21209173
application of ultrasound in vaccination against goldfish ulcer disease: a pilot study.	antigenicity and immunogenicity of aeromonas salmonicida soluble a-layer protein (ap) and formalin-killed bacterin were assessed in goldfish (carassius auratus l.) by applying ultrasound-immersion (usi) and injection (inj) routes. no adjuvant was used in usi while ifa was used in inj. the usi treated fish did not produce detectable acquired antibodies; however, this group stimulated by ap proved to be best protected against challenge infection with a homologous virulent strain of a. salmonicida. ...	2011	21211585
detection of autoinducer (ai-2)-like activity in food samples.	the contamination, survival, and possible foodborne disease outbreaks are major issues confronting the food industry. however, from a microbial perspective, any food whether natural or processed is just another environmental niche that is available for colonization. quorum sensing or cell-cell communication is a process by which microorganisms are thought to communicate with each other using a variety of small molecules termed autoinducers. the autoinducer ai-2 is thought to be a universal signa ...	2011	21031305
zebrafish mast cells possess an fcɛri-like receptor and participate in innate and adaptive immune responses.	we previously identified a zebrafish mast cell (mc) lineage and now aim to determine if these cells function analogously in innate and adaptive immunity like their mammalian counterparts. intraperitoneal (ip) injection of compound 48/80 or live aeromonas salmonicida resulted in significant mc degranulation evident histologically and by increased plasma tryptase compared with saline-injected controls (p=0.0006, 0.005, respectively). pre-treatment with ketotifen abrogated these responses (p=0.0004 ...	2011	20849876
surface display of aeromonas hydrophila gapdh in attenuated vibrio anguillarum to develop a noval multivalent vector vaccine.	displaying foreign antigens on the surface of attenuated or avirulent bacteria is an important strategy to develop live multivalent vector vaccines. in our previous work, several efficient surface display systems have been established based on outer membrane anchoring elements, which could successfully display heterologous proteins in attenuated vibrio anguillarum. in this work, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) from pathogenic aeromonas hydrophila lsa34 was fused to seven dis ...	2011	21246232
development of immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) to aeromonas hydrophila after the dietary application of garlic.	the development and duration of immune protection against aeromonas hydrophila infections with garlic as an immunostimulant in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. rainbow trout fingerlings of 14 g average weight were fed with 0 g (=control), 0.5 g and 1.0 g of garlic 100 g(-1) of feed for 14 days. physiological factors, biochemical, immunological, haematological parameters and electrolyte indices were evaluated after a further 14, 21 and 28 days before challenge with aeromonas hydroph ...	2011	21255652
aeromonas hydrophila as a causative organism in peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: case report and review of the literature.	most episodes of peritoneal dialysis (pd)-related peritonitis could be attributed to a single organism, but in almost 10% of peritonitis episodes multiple organisms are identified. polymicrobial peritonitis is often related to intra-abdominal pathology, and the prognosis may be poor. aeromonas spp. have rarely been identified as the causative pathogen in pd-related peritonitis, and a very small number of cases has been reported in the literature. these rod-shaped, gram-negative microorganisms ha ...	2011	21269597
molecular cloning and characterization of foxp3 in atlantic salmon (salmo salar).	foxp3 is a t cell-specific transcription factor and plays a key role in the development of treg cells and in the immune regulatory process during inflammation. here we report cloning and characterization of the full-length cdna of atlantic salmon foxp3, which possesses a forkhead domain, a zinc finger domain and a leucine-zipper domain as its counterpart in mammals. foxp3 is highly expressed in thymus. furthermore, regulated expression was observed in head kidney cells in response to ß-glucan an ...	2011	21276855
biomarker responses and disease susceptibility in juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fed a high molecular weight pah mixture.	juvenile rainbow trout were fed a diet containing an environmentally relevant mixture of 10 high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) at a dose of 0.66 or 7.82 µg pah · g fish(-1) · d(-1). at 3, 7, 14, and 28 d, biomarkers of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation (ahr), hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, and cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a)-associated staining increased 14- to 26-fold and 6- to 14-fold, respectively, in fish fed 7.82 µg pah · g fish (-1) ...	2011	21298713
leech-transmitted ciprofloxacin-resistant aeromonas hydrophila.		2011	21339408
high catalytic efficiency and resistance to denaturing in bacterial rho gtpase-activating proteins.	abstract several major bacterial pathogens use the type iii secretion system (ttss) to deliver virulence factors into host cells. bacterial rho gtpase activating proteins (rhogaps) comprise a remarkable family of type iii secreted toxins that modulate cytoskeletal dynamics and manipulate cellular signaling pathways. we show that the rhogap activity of salmonella sptp and pseudomonas exos toxins is resistant to variations in the concentration of nacl or mgcl(2), unlike the known salt dependant na ...	2011	21534865
diversity of culturable chitinolytic bacteria from rhizospheres of agronomic plants in japan.	a total of 100 isolates of chitinolytic bacteria were obtained from the rhizospheres of various agronomic plants, and the 16s rrna gene sequences of these isolates were determined. phylogenetic analyses revealed that 81 isolates belonged to the classes betaproteobacteria (39 isolates) and gammaproteobacteria (42 isolates). of the remaining 19 isolates, 16 belonged to the phylum firmicutes. clustering analysis identified 6 and 3 operational taxonomic units (otus) in gammaproteobacteria and betapr ...	2011	21487197
formation of new polyhydroxyalkanoate containing 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate monomer in burkholderia sp.	burkholderia sp. synthase has been shown to polymerize 3-hydroxybutyrate (3hb), 3-hydroxyvalerate, and 3-hydroxy-4-pentenoic acid monomers. this study was carried out to evaluate the ability of burkholderia sp. usm (jcm 15050) and its transformant harboring the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase gene of aeromonas caviae to incorporate the newly reported 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate (3h4mv) monomer. various culture parameters such as concentrations of nutrient rich medium, fructose and 4-methylval ...	2011	21279348
microbiological quality of grey-mullet roe.	the greek grey-mullet roe is produced from the fully developed gonads of the female mullet (mugil cephalus) couth in lagoons during their reproductive migration. the traditional processing method of the roe includes, air drying, salting, shape formation and covering with multiple layers of natural beeswax for preservation and distribution. fish roe brands have been a staple in local diet and is increasingly becoming popular in the international market. as a ready-to-eat food it's microbial quali ...	2011	21497664
does domestication process affect stress response in juvenile eurasian perch perca fluviatilis?	the objective was to evaluate the impact of domestication process on the physiological stress response of cultured eurasian perch confronted to a chronic stress situation. briefly, f1 and f4 juveniles were submitted to chronic confinement and investigated on days 5, 15 and 30. capture and 15min-anesthesia were imposed on fish to assess the effect of preceding confinement on acute stress response. on day 30, the fish were finally challenged with aeromonas hydrophila and sampled after 5 and 10 day ...	2011	21300167
an in vitro screening method to evaluate chemicals as potential chemotherapeutants to control aeromonas hydrophila infection in channel catfish.	aims: to develop an in vitro screening method to be used for identifying potential effective chemotherapeutants to control aeromonas hydrophila infections. methods and results: using catfish gill cells g1b and four chemicals (hydrogen peroxide, sodium chloride, potassium permanganate and d-mannose), the feasibility of using an in vitro screening method to identify potential effective chemotherapeutants was evaluated in this study. in vitro screening results revealed that, at concentration of 1 ...	2011	21501349
pyrosequencing demonstrated complex microbial communities in a membrane filtration system for a drinking water treatment plant.	microbial community composition in a pilot-scale microfiltration plant for drinking water treatment was investigated using high-throughput pyrosequencing technology. sequences of 16s rrna gene fragments were recovered from raw water, membrane tank particulate matter, and membrane biofilm, and used for taxonomic assignments, estimations of diversity, and the identification of potential pathogens. greater bacterial diversity was observed in each sample (1,133-1,731 operational taxonomic units) tha ...	2011	21502735
evaluating seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities in marine fish aquaculture: a preliminary study before applying phage therapy.	the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in common pathogenic bacteria and the concern about the spreading of antibiotics in the environment bring the need to find new methods to control fish pathogens. phage therapy represents a potential alternative to antibiotics, but its use in aquaculture requires a detailed understanding of bacterial communities, namely of fish pathogenic bacteria. therefore, in this study the seasonal dynamics of the overall bacterial communities, microbiological w ...	2011	21344093
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the complement component c6 gene in grass carp.	the complement system, as a representative of innate immunity, plays a key role in the host defense against infections. c6 is the member of complement components creating the membrane attack complex (mac). in this study, we cloned and characterized the grass carp complement component c6 (gcc6) gene. our data showed that gcc6 gene contained a 2724bp open reading frame (orf), a 237bp 5'-untranslated region (utr) and a 219bp 3'-utr. the deduced amino acid sequence of gcc6 showed 77.6% and 58.9% ide ...	2011	21353312
regulation of type vi secretion gene clusters by sigma54 and cognate enhancer binding proteins.	type vi secretion systems (t6ss) are bacteriophage-derived macromolecular machines responsible for the release of at least two proteins in the milieu, which are thought to form an extracellular appendage. although several t6ss have been shown to be involved in the virulence of animal and plant pathogens, clusters encoding these machines are found in the genomes of most species of gram-negative bacteria, including soil, marine, and environmental isolates. t6ss have been associated with several ph ...	2011	21378190
atypical aeromonas salmonicida infection in the black rockfish, sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf, in korea.	cultured black rockfish, sebastes schlegeli, suffered mass mortalities during winter 2008 and spring 2009 in korea, showing clinical signs of ulcer lesions and haemorrhages over their body surface. the aetiological agent was identified as aeromonas salmonicida (strains rfas-1, -2 and -3), which is a non-pigmented, slow-growing bacterium. phenotypes of rfas strains showed variation, while 16s rrna, gyrb, rpod, dnaj and reca gene sequences of all the strains were affiliated to a. salmonicida. in p ...	2011	21166824
cloning and characterization of timp-2b gene in grass carp.	tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (timps) are the primary inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) in tissues. in this study, a timp-2 gene was isolated from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (citimp-2b) and characterized. this cdna sequence encoded a signal peptide, n- and c-terminal domains. citimp-2b is highly homologous to the orthologous in zebrafish and other teleosts, suggesting timp-2b is highly conserved during teleost evolution. citimp-2b gene is expressed in a wide range ...	2011	21377537
molecular characterization of tetracycline- and quinolone-resistant aeromonas salmonicida isolated in korea.	the antibiotic resistance of 16 aeromonas (a.) salmonicida strains isolated from diseased fish and environmental samples in korea from 2006 to 2009 were investigated in this study. tetracycline or quinolone resistance was observed in eight and 16 of the isolates, respectively, based on the measured minimal inhibitory concentrations. among the tetracycline-resistant strains, seven of the isolates harbored teta gene and one isolate harbored tete gene. additionally, quinolone-resistance determining ...	2011	21368562
fulminant fatal bacteremic pneumonia due to aeromonas hydrophila in a non-immunocompromised woman.	a 75-year-old woman became ill suddenly with pneumonia two weeks after operation for colon cancer. despite intensive support measures in the intensive care unit she died six hours after admission and 12 hours after her first symptom. autopsy showed necrotizing pneumonia. aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from a blood culture taken at admission and from the lung at autopsy. in patients who develop a fulminant disease of pneumonia, particularly those who have underlying medical conditions, aeromon ...	2011	21212576
application of a continuously stirred tank bioreactor (cstr) for bioremediation of hydrocarbon-rich industrial wastewater effluents.	a continuously stirred tank bioreactor (cstr) was used to optimize feasible and reliable bioprocess system in order to treat hydrocarbon-rich industrial wastewaters. a successful bioremediation was developed by an efficient acclimatized microbial consortium. after an experimental period of 225 days, the process was shown to be highly efficient in decontaminating the wastewater. the performance of the bioaugmented reactor was demonstrated by the reduction of cod rates up to 95%. the residual tota ...	2011	21419572
comparison of aeromonas salmonicida resistant and susceptible salmon families: a high immune response is beneficial for the survival against aeromonas salmonicida challenge.	selective breeding has been employed to improve resistance to infectious diseases in aquaculture and it is of importance to investigate the expression profiles of immune genes together with complement activity of atlantic salmon with different genetic background in response to pathogens, in particular against aeromonas salmonicida. this study examined acute phase products, and several central t cell cytokines and a transcription factor in different tissues, namely head kidney, spleen and liver, ...	2011	21232605
effect of enzyme producing microorganisms on the biomass of epigeic earthworms (eisenia fetida) in vermicompost.	we analyzed the bacterial community structure of the intestines of earthworms and determined the effect of enzyme producing microorganisms on the biomass of earthworms in vermicompost. fifty-seven bacterial 16s rdna clones were identified in the intestines of earthworms by using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) analysis. entomoplasma somnilux and bacillus licheniformis were the dominant microorganisms; other strains included aeromonas, bacillus, clostr ...	2011	21421302
a fatal case of necrotizing aeromonas schubertii fasciitis after penetrating injury.		2011	21247722
aeromonas spp. induce apoptosis of epithelial cells through an oxidant-dependent activation of the mitochondrial pathway.	we investigated interactions of aeromonas caviae, aeromonas veronii biotype sobria and aeromonas hydrophila strains, isolated from faecal specimens of humans with gastroenteritis, with ht29 intestinal epithelial cells. all strains were found to be cytotoxic to the cells. bacterial infection caused generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) and nitric oxide radical (no(-à)). the maximal levels of ros and no(-à) were 14 and 35 times, respectively, greater in cells infected with aeromonas spp. tha ...	2011	21436367
etiology of diarrhea in young children and patterns of antibiotic resistance in cambodia.	little is known about diarrhea etiology and antibiotic resistance in developing countries where diarrhea is a major public health problem.	2011	21412204
a chitinase from aeromonas veronii cd3 with the potential to control myxozoan disease.	the class myxosporea encompasses about 2,400 species, most of which are parasites of fish and cause serious damage in aquaculture. due to the concerns about food safety issues and limited knowledge of myxozoa life cycle and fish immune system, no chemicals, antibiotics or immune modulators are available to control myxozoa infection. therefore, little can be done once myxozoa establishment has occurred.	2011	22205999
Discovery of novel biopreservation agents with inhibitory effects on growth of food-borne pathogens and their application to seafood products.	Selection of protective cultures is relevant in order to biopreserve and improve the functional safety of food products, mainly through inhibition of spoilage and/or pathogenic bacteria. Accordingly, the present study investigated potential applications of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the biopreservation of fish and shellfish products. For this purpose, a collection of 84 LAB strains isolated from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata) was identified and characterized for ...	2011	22041547
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Serine Protease from Aeromonas sobria.	Aeromonas species are Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria found ubiquitously in a variety of aquatic environments and most commonly implicated as causative agents of gastroenteritis. Sepsis is a fatal complication of Aeromonas infectious diseases, particularly in immune-compromised patients. Two species, Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria, are associated with human disease. Feasible virulence factors of Aeromonas include fimbrial and afimbrial adhesion molecules, hemolysins, ente ...	2011	22129876
aeromonas diarrhea and behçet's disease: more than a mere association.		2011	22138675
Detection of a unique fibrinolytic enzyme in Aeromonas sp. JH1.	A fibrinolytic enzyme was found in a Gram-negative bacterium, Aeromonas sp. JH1. SDS-PAGE and fibrinzymography showed that it was a 36 kDa, monomeric protein. Of note, the enzyme was highly specific for fibrinogen molecules and the hydrolysis rate of fibrinogen subunits was highest for a, ß, and ? chains in that order. The first 15 amino acids of N-terminal sequence were X-D-A-T-G-P-G-G-N-V-X-T-G-K-Y, which was distinguishable from other fibrinolytic enzymes. The optimum pH and temperature of th ...	2011	22203567
dose dependence specific and non-specific immune responses of indian major carp (l. rohita ham) to intraperitoneal injection of formalin killed aeromonas hydrophila whole cell vaccine.	specific and non-specific immune response to different doses of formalin killed whole cell vaccine of aeromonas hydrophila to indian major carp (labeo rohita) was evaluated in laboratory condition. three different doses (10(5) cfu/ml, 10(7) cfu/ml, 10(10) cfu/ml) were administered (0.2 ml/fish) intraperitoneally for 1 month. among the three doses, 10(10) cfu/ml elicited the highest antibody and protective response followed by the doses 10(7) cfu/ml and 10(5) cfu/ml. upon challenge with the virul ...	2011	21901335
the structural diversity of carbohydrate antigens of selected gram-negative marine bacteria.	marine microorganisms have evolved for millions of years to survive in the environments characterized by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters, e.g., high pressure, low temperature or high salinity. marine bacteria have the ability to produce a range of biologically active molecules, such as antibiotics, toxins and antitoxins, antitumor and antimicrobial agents, and as a result, they have been a topic of research interest for many years. among these biologically active molecules, t ...	2011	22073003
Class 1 Integrons in Aeromonas hydrophila Isolates from Farmed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica).	The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from farmed Nile Tilapia. A total of 50 A. hydrophila isolates from clinical cases were screened for the presence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons and all the strains resistant to enrofloxacin and/or ciprofloxacin (n=19) examined for mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC. The intI1 gene was detected in 23 A. hydrophila strains (46%) but no intl2 and intl3 were ...	2011	22123307
Development and validation of an HPLC-based screening method to acquire polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase mutants with altered substrate specificity.	A rapid and convenient method for the compositional analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and alkaline sample pretreatment in a 96-well plate format. The reliability of this system was confirmed by the fact that a mutant with a D171G mutation of Aeromonas caviae PHA synthase (PhaC(Ac)), which gained higher reactivity toward 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx), was selected from the D171X mutant library. Together with D171G mutant, several ...	2011	22088761
Molecular detection and cloning of thermostable hemolysin gene from Aeromonas hydrophila.	Aeromonas hydrophila is a major bacterial pathogen associated with hemorrhagic septicemia in aquatic and terrestrial animals including humans. There is an urgent need to develop molecular and immunological assays for rapid, specific and sensitive diagnosis. A new set of primers has been designed for detection of thermostable hemolysin (TH) gene (645 bp) from A. hydrophila, and sensitivity limit for detection of TH gene was 5 pg. The TH gene was cloned, sequenced and analyzed. The G+C content was ...	2011	21954591
aeromonas hydrophila sepsis mimicking vibrio vulnificus infection.	aeromonas hydrophila is a facultatively anaerobic, asporogenous gram-negative rod that has often been regarded as an opportunistic pathogen in hosts with impairment of a local or general defense mechanism. a 68-year-old alcoholic woman presented with shock and gangrene on the right arm. at first, her clinical presentations were severe painful erythematous swelling that worsened within a few hours with development of gangrene, edema, and blisters. bullous fluid and blood cultures yielded a. hydro ...	2011	22028565
Evaluation of an in vitro cell assay to select attenuated bacterial mutants of Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda to channel catfish.	To evaluate the feasibility of using an in vitro cell assay to select attenuated bacterial mutants.	2011	21895899
polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of bacterial community structure in the food, intestines, and feces of earthworms.	the bacterial communities in the food, intestines, and feces of earthworms were investigated by pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). in this study, pcr-dgge was optimized by testing 6 universal primer sets for microbial 16s rrna in 6 pure culture strains of intestinal microbes in earthworms. one primer set effectively amplified 16s rrna from bacterial populations that were found in the food, intestines, and feces of earthworms. compared with the reference markers from the pure cul ...	2011	21887635
Diversity and antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas spp. in drinking and waste water treatment plants.	The taxonomic diversity and antibiotic resistance phenotypes of aeromonads were examined in samples from drinking and waste water treatment plants (surface, ground and disinfected water in a drinking water treatment plant, and raw and treated waste water) and tap water. Bacteria identification and intra-species variation were determined based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA, gyrB and cpn60 gene sequences. Resistance phenotypes were determined using the disc diffusion method. Aeromonas veronii pr ...	2011	21907383