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effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic and vitamin c on the immune response of indian major carp, labeo rohita (ham.).the immunostimulatory effect of probiotics and vitamin c has been established in many systems including fish. an investigation was carried out to study the effect of dietary supplementation of a probiotic bacterium "bacillus subtilis", vitamin c in the form of ascorbyl polyphosphate and their combination on the immune response of indian major carp, rohu, (labeo rohita ham.) fingerlings fed for a period of 60 days. the total serum protein and globulin content was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ...200717434319
construction and characterization of a live, attenuated esrb mutant of edwardsiella tarda and its potential as a vaccine against the haemorrhagic septicaemia in turbot, scophthamus maximus (l.).the esrb gene of edwardsiella tarda, which encodes a regulator protein of the type iii secretion system, was mutated by the unmarked deletion method and reintroduced by allelic exchange into the chromosome of e. tarda lse40 by means of the suicide vector pre112. the lse40 esrb mutant was highly attenuated when inoculated intraperitoneally into turbot scophthamus maximus l., showing a 50% lethal dose of 10(8.1)cfu/fish. the esrb mutants were not recoverable from the internal organs at 14 days pos ...200717478097
escc is a chaperone for the edwardsiella tarda type iii secretion system putative translocon components eseb and esed.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative enteric pathogen that causes disease in both humans and animals. recently, a type iii secretion system (t3ss) has been found to contribute to ed. tarda pathogenesis. eseb, esec and esed were shown to be secreted by the t3ss and to be the major components of the extracellular proteins (ecps). based on sequence similarity, they have been proposed to function as the 'translocon' of the t3ss needle structure. in this study, it was shown that eseb, esec and esed ...200717526852
lymphoid apoptosis in edwardsiella tarda septicemia in tilapia, oreochromis niloticus.the present study revealed a relationship between the kinetic change of apoptosis and the inflammatory response during experimental intraperitoneal infection with edwardsiella tarda as a septicemic model. the morphological changes of apoptotic cells including cellular shrinkage, condensed nuclear chromatin, nuclear fragmentation and membrane blebbing were detected by light and transmission electron microscopy. tunel and agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the fragmentation of dna in the apopto ...200717046284
gene expression of leucocytes in vaccinated japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) during the course of experimental infection with edwardsiella tarda.in this paper, we focused on the detection of differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) during the course of edwardsiella tarda infection in vaccinated and non-vaccinated japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). cdna microarray analysis was performed to compare the gene expression patterns of the pbl between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated fish in response to e. tarda inoculation. fish were vaccinated twice, at a two-week interval and experimentally challenged with ...200717049272
identification and characterization of an intervening sequence within the 23s ribosomal rna genes of edwardsiella ictaluri.comparison of the 23s rrna gene sequences of edwardsiella tarda and edw. ictaluri confirmed a close phylogenetic relationship between these two fish pathogen species and a distant relation with the 'core' members of the enterobacteriaceae family. analysis of the rrl gene for 23s rrna in edw. ictaluri revealed the presence of an intervening sequence (ivs) in helix-45. this new 98bp ivs shared 97% nucleotide identity with salmonella typhimurium helix-45 ivs. edw. ictaluri helix-45 ivs was present ...200716697134
base changes in the flic gene of edwardsiella tarda: possible effects on flagellation and motility.edwardsiella tarda is a broad host-range pathogen infecting both animals and humans. e. tarda isolates from red sea bream pagrus major are non-motile, whereas isolates from japanese eel anguilla japonica and japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus are motile with peritrichous flagella. we compared the flic gene coding for flagellin (flic) in motile and non-motile e. tarda strains isolated from diseased fish. twenty-two amino acid residues differed in the predicted flic amino acid sequences betw ...200717760384
[the topographic anatomical basis for ventriculosinusal shunting in hydrocephalus in nursing and young infants].the peculiarities in the structure and topographic anatomical relations of the superior longitudinal, lateral, and sigmoid sinuses were studied on block preparations of the posterior cranial fossa of 14 children under 3 years of age who died from somatic diseases. it was shown that intrasinus inclusions preventing catheterization of the sinus (bands and septa) were absent at the junction of the first angle of the sigmoid sinus with its descending part. the authors recommend this area for shuntin ...20072168650
the type iii secretion system-dependent repression of nf-kappab activation to the intracellular growth of edwardsiella tarda in human epithelial cells.edwardsiella tarda is a pathogen with a broad host range infecting animals and humans. we have reported recently that the type iii secretion system (ttss) is essential for intracellular replication of the bacterium in murine macrophages. the present study shows that the ttss is also needed for intracellular growth of the bacterium in human epithelial cells (hep-2). however, different from the previous microarray analyses on murine macrophages, upregulation of the mrna expression level of nf-kapp ...200818397289
gastroenteritis caused by edwardsiella tarda in a pediatric renal transplant recipient.edwardsiella tarda, a member of the family enterobacteriaceae, is a gram-negative bacillus that is most often pathogenic in aquatic environments. human infections with edwardsiella are rare, with most occurring in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed hosts. reported infections include meningitis, cholecystitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, soft tissue infections, bacteremia and septicemia, dysentery, and gastroenteritis. this report describes a case of e. tarda gastroenteritis in a renal transp ...200818086238
comparison of the responses of peritoneal macrophages from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) against high virulent and low virulent strains of edwardsiella tarda.in vivo infection studies in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) demonstrated that the number of viable cells of the virulent strain (nuf251) of edwardsiella tarda increased gradually in kidney and hepato-pancreas after intraperitoneal injection, but the low virulent strain (nuf194) did not. to gain insight into the virulence factors of e. tarda, in vitro responses of japanese flounder (p. olivaceus) peritoneal macrophages to these strains were compared in terms of phagocytosis, bacterici ...200818178102
characterization of the rrn operons in the channel catfish pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri.to advance diagnostics and phylogenetics of edwardsiella ictaluri by sequencing and characterizing its rrn operons.200818217940
isolation of an unusual strain of edwardsiella tarda from turbot and establish a pcr detection technique with the gyrb gene.the aim of this study was to report an unusual edwardsiella tarda and develop an effective method to identify this bacterium.200818341558
the macrophage chemotactic activity of edwardsiella tarda extracellular products.the chemoattractant capabilities of edwardsiella tarda extracellular products (ecp) were investigated from two isolates, the virulent fl6-60 parent and less virulent ret-04 mutant. chemotaxis and chemokinesis were assayed in vitro using blind well chambers with peritoneal macrophages obtained from nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus, 5 days following squalene injection. non-purified ecp derived from both isolates stimulated predominantly chemokinetic migration of macrophages. additionally, the e ...200818355182
secretory delivery of heterologous proteins in attenuated vibrio anguillarum for potential use in vaccine design.to synthesize and secrete heterologous proteins in an attenuated vibrio anguillarum strain for potential multivalent live vaccine development, different antigen-delivery systems based on bacterial-originated secretion signal peptides (sps) were designed and identified in this work. four sps were derived from hemolysin of escherichia coli, rtx protein of v. cholerae, hemolysin of v. anguillarum, zinc-metalloprotease of v. anguillarum, respectively, and their abilities to support secretion of gree ...200818535826
teleostean il11b exhibits complementing function to il11a and expansive involvement in antibacterial and antiviral responses.interleukin 11 is a class-1 helical cytokine, having the four-helix bundle structure, possessing pleiotropic characteristics involved in physiological processes including blood production, bone formation and placentation. the interleukin 11 paralogues (il11a and il11b) have been identified in fish with only il11a from carp and trout have been characterized and analyzed for its expression thus far. here, we cloned and studied the structure and expression of il11b in japanese flounder (paralichthy ...200818538848
chemical investigation of finlaysonia obovata: part i--a rare triterpene acid showing antibacterial activity against fish pathogens.the antibacterial screening of extracts of the leaves of finlaysonia obovata with hexane, chloroform and alcohol was carried out against fresh water fish pathogenic bacteria viz., micrococcus sp. (multidrug resistant strain), aeromonas hydrophila, pseudomonas aeruginosa, vibrio alginolyticus, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, edwardsiella tarda by disc-assay method. the hexane and chloroform extracts were found active against four and five pathogens, respectively. the highly active chloro ...200818569719
regulation of autoinducer 2 production and luxs expression in a pathogenic edwardsiella tarda strain.edwardsiella tarda is a bacterial pathogen that can infect both humans and animals. tx1, an ed. tarda strain isolated from diseased fish, was found to produce autoinducer 2 (ai-2)-like activity that was growth phase dependent and modulated by growth conditions. the gene coding for the ai-2 synthase was cloned from tx1 and designated luxs(et)(.) luxs(et) was able to complement the ai-2 mutant phenotype of escherichia coli strain dh5alpha. expression of luxs(et) correlated with ai-2 activity and w ...200818599834
development of an effective edwardsiella tarda vaccine for cultured turbot (scophthalmus maximus).since 2004 edwardsiella tarda has become one of the most important emerging pathogens in turbot aquaculture industry in europe causing serious economic losses. therefore, this study aimed to design an effective vaccination strategy to prevent edwardsiellosis in this fish species. two vaccine formulations, an adjuvanted vaccine and an aqueous bacterin, and different routes of administration, bath and intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), were tested. the effectiveness of the different immunization st ...200818602276
molecular analysis of the fur (ferric uptake regulator) gene of a pathogenic edwardsiella tarda strain.the gene encoding the edwardsiella tarda ferric uptake regulator (fur(et)) was cloned from a pathogenic e. tarda strain isolated from diseased fish. fur(et) shares 90% overall sequence identity with the escherichia coli fur (fur(ec)) and was able to complement the mutant phenotype of a fur (ec)-defective e. coli strain. mutational analysis indicated that c92s and c95s mutations inactivated fur(et) whereas e112k mutation resulted in a superactive fur(et) variant. fur(et) negatively regulated its ...200818604507
differential modulations of two glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase mrnas in response to bacterial and viral challenges in a marine teleost oplegnathus fasciatus (perciformes).glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) has been recognized as an invariant internal control for various gene expression studies due to its classical housekeeping role in the glycolytic metabolism. however recently, this enzyme has been proven to be a multifunctional protein involved in diverse non-glycolytic activities. in the present study, two paralogue isoforms of gapdh mrnas were characterized from a marine teleost species, rockbream (oplegnathus fasciatus; perciformes) and their t ...200818692141
influence of carp intestinal mucus molecular size and glycosylation on bacterial adhesion.the first step of the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases is the colonisation of the mucosal surface by the pathogen. bacterial colonisation of the mucosal surface is promoted by adherence to high molecular weight mucus glycoproteins. we examined the effect of carp intestinal mucus glycoproteins on the adhesion of different bacteria. the bacteria used were 3 strains of aeromonas hydrophila, and a. salmonicida, edwardsiella tarda and yersinia ruckeri. all bacteria adhered to mucus, but at va ...200818924378
development of monoclonal antibodies to rohu [labeo rohita] immunoglobulins for use in immunoassays.serum immunoglobulins [ig] of rohu [labeo rohita] were purified by affinity chromatography using bovine serum albumin as capture ligand. the purified rohu ig [r-ig] had a molecular weight [mw] of 880 kda as determined with gel filtration chromatography. the heavy chain of r-ig had an mw of 77.8 kda and that of light chain was 26.4 kda in sds-page. purified r-ig was used for the production of two anti-rohu ig monoclonal antibodies [d7 and h4] that belonged to subclass igg2b and igg1, respectively ...200818996722
generation of safety enhanced edwardsiella tarda ghost vaccine.a dual vector expressing the ghost-inducing phix174 lysis e gene and the bacterial dna degrading staphylococcal nuclease a (sna) gene was constructed to solve the problem of remnant antibiotic resistance genes and genomic dna with intact pathogenic islands in the final product of edwardsiella tarda ghosts (etg). the sna (devoid of secretion signal sequence and the nuclease b amino terminus sequence), fused with the 26 amino acid n-terminal sequence of the lambda phage cro gene, showed successful ...200818998589
a 12-year-old boy with acute gastroenteritis caused by edwardsiella tarda o4:h4.a 12-year-old boy was brought to the hospital with a 3-week history of watery diarrhea mixed with mucus and colicky abdominal pain. stool culture identified edwardsiella tarda o4: h4, and no other pathogenic bacteria were detected. acute gastroenteritis caused by edwardsiella tarda o4: h4 was diagnosed. this bacterium was shown to be sensitive to ampicillin hydrate. when this antibiotic was administered, the condition of the patient improved within a week. the patient had a history of eating raw ...200819089557
reduction of aryl-nitroso compounds by pyridine and flavin coenzymes.1. a systematic kinetic investigation of the reduction of aryl-nitroso compounds by pyridine and flavin coenzymes and their analogs, in enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems, has been reported. 2. two main groups of nitroso compounds have been investigated, representatives nitroso-benzene and 1-nitroso-2-naphthol; in all enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems, the former was always reduced to phenyl-hydroxyl-amine and the latter to 1-amino-2-naphthol. 3. pyridine compounds included nadh, apad-4h2 and d ...20082531098
the role of neuronal energy in the neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids.excitatory amino acids, acting at receptors such as the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) subtype, are good candidates for a major role in the neuronal death characteristic of alzheimer's disease. recent evidence from studies with cultured neurons suggests that perturbations in the energy metabolism of the neuron may be involved in the transition of nmda agonists from neurotransmitters to neurotoxins via a mechanism that involves relief of the voltage-dependent mg++ block of the nmda channel.20082572985
hepatic antipyrine metabolism in athletes.the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of prolonged physical exercise on hepatic metabolism. an oral antipyrine loading test (15 mg/kg body weight) was carried out on 24 healthy male subjects: 8 controls, 8 sprinters (anaerobic activity), 8 long distance runners (aerobic activity). antipyrine clearance resulted to be significantly higher in athletes vs. controls, without a significant difference between the two groups of athletes. these results put forward the importance o ...20082266756
regulation of metallothionein gene expression.the metallothioneins are small, cysteine-rich proteins that have the capacity for high affinity binding of heavy metal ions, and whose synthesis is regulated by metal ion concentrations. these properties suggest that they play pivotal roles in the metabolism of the relatively nontoxic essential metals (zinc and copper), as well as toxic heavy metals (cadmium), a concept supported by a variety of studies of cells in culture, as well as in intact animals. expression of the metallothionein genes ma ...20082293243
patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome histories: what happens when they are rehospitalized?among approximately 1450 patients treated with neuroleptics in a short-term psychiatric hospital, there were no cases of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome (nms). six patients with histories of nms were treated, either with nonneuroleptic therapies or with low doses of low-potency antipsychotic agents. no case of nms developed, but one patient suffered transient subsyndromal signs while treated briefly with loxapine. staff education, screening for patients with history of nms, and detection of e ...20082565897
small-scale deceit: deception as a marker of two-, three-, and four-year-olds' early theories of mind.this research report summarizes the results of a study into the abilities of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children to deceptively lead others into false beliefs, and is intended to help arbitrate a growing controversy as to when young persons first acquire some theory-like understanding of other minds. utilizing a novel hide-and-seek board game as a context within which to observe children's spontaneous use of deceptive strategies, a total of 50 subjects between the ages of 2 1/2 and 5 were tested. in ...20082612240
small-scale deceit: deception as a marker of two-, three-, and four-year-olds' early theories of mind.this research report summarizes the results of a study into the abilities of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children to deceptively lead others into false beliefs, and is intended to help arbitrate a growing controversy as to when young persons first acquire some theory-like understanding of other minds. utilizing a novel hide-and-seek board game as a context within which to observe children's spontaneous use of deceptive strategies, a total of 50 subjects between the ages of 2 1/2 and 5 were tested. in ...20082612240
high-frequency ventilation experience: a rescue protocol for neonates with airleaks. 20092681914
effect of cholecystectomy on common bile duct diameters: a longitudinal prospective ultrasonographic study.the medium-term effect of cholecystectomy on common bile duct diameters (cbd) was investigated prospectively in 64 patients with gallstone disease examined by ultrasonography immediately before and 27 months to 39 months after the operation. in 32 patients with chronic cholecystitis and patent cystic ducts, cbd diameters increased slightly (median 4.6 mm pre- and 5.3 mm postoperatively; p less than 0.05). a group of 19 patients with acute cholecystitis or cystic duct occlusion showed a significa ...20093142922
[casting of pure titanium: the o'hara system and its dental application]. 20092698499
new light on the lysenko era. 20092657435
coronary angioplasty in myocardial infarction. 20092933946
percutaneous drainage of chest abscesses in children.seven patients ranging in age from 3 to 18 years underwent percutaneous drainage of eight intrathoracic abscesses. five of the abscesses were mediastinal or paramediastinal and resulted from esophageal perforation or esophageal anastomotic leakage. the abscesses resolved in each case, with a mean catheter drainage time of 28 days and no need for surgical intervention. three of the abscesses were intrapulmonary, and each lay adjacent to a pleural surface. all three lung abscesses resolved within ...20092704808
cultural contributions to constructing locus-of-control attributions.locus of control attribution patterns have been demonstrated to predict a variety of behavioral and adaptational characteristics in a number of societies. as a consequence, questions concerning the comparability of those attributions across cultures have been of interest to social and personality theorists as well as to their more action-oriented colleagues. in the present study, the processes used by indian college students to form those attributions have been studied and compared with those us ...20092767420
[break with a good examination tradition]. 20092763101
neonatal hypertension. 20092698384
detection and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.the diagnosis of gerd requires the thoughtful evaluation of a patient's symptoms and clinical course. in young patients with classical reflux symptoms in the absence of untoward complications such as structure, bleeding or pulmonary aspiration, antireflux treatment can be instituted without the need for diagnostic testing. a large number of patients will demonstrate a good clinical response to medical therapy. the diagnostic challenge arises when symptoms of reflux masquerade as cardiac and pulm ...20092668171
ultrastructural analysis of axosomatic contacts on functionally identified primate spinothalamic tract neurons.the morphology and frequency of axosomatic contacts on three functionally identified primate spinothalamic tract (stt) cells were analyzed at the electron microscopic level. the stt cells analyzed were wide-dynamic-range neurons responsive to activation of low- and high-threshold cutaneous afferents innervating the foot. the somas were located in the lateral border of lamina v; the dendritic trees were oriented dorsally and were very extensive. numerous spinelike appendages were observed emanati ...20092708581
assessment of follicular lymphomas. 20092693671
comparative dna reassociation kinetics of cranes. 20092775167
comparative dna reassociation kinetics of cranes. 20092775167
histological changes in the airway after antigen inhalation challenge in asthma. 20092681901
visual field testing with reduced sets of test points. a computerized analysis.a computerized analysis of visual fields is described. in a second step these results are condensed into a 'reduced' set of test points so constructed that if testing is limited to 6-8 points nearly all defective visual fields would have been spotted with at least one defective point. the 'reduced' set involves the testing of few points several times in a session rather than spending very few trials on a great number of points. this is a new approach which merits further investigation.20092698335
"silent ischemia": what is it? 20092794275
high altitude can accurately be simulated by using altered oxygen concentrations. 20092764856
[study on the incidence and anatomo-clinical forms of digestive alcoholic pathology in hospitalized patients]. 20092888175
[osteolytic foci: cancer or not?]. 20092797229
[socioeconomic aspects of depression]. 20092629567
mice orally vaccinated with edwardsiella tarda ghosts are significantly protected against infection.bacterial ghosts may be generated by the controlled expression of the phix174 lysis gene e in gram-negative bacteria and they are intriguing vaccine candidates since ghosts retain functional antigenic cellular determinants often lost during traditional inactivation procedures. the edwardsiella tarda ghost (etg) vaccine was prepared using this technology and tested in vaccination trials. control groups included mice immunized with formalin-killed e. tarda (fkc) or mice treated with phosphate-buff ...200919166892
response of mucosal and systemic sigm-positive cells in turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) immunization with edwardsiella tarda.indirect fluorescence analyze technology (ifat) and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (facs) analysis were used to detect surface igm positive cells (sigm+ cells) in lymphoid tissues of unvaccinated turbots and vaccinated ones with inactivated edwardsiella tarda. the results were as follows: (1) the percentage of sigm+ cells respectively was 0+/-0.00% of skin, 1.58+/-0.40% of gills, 17.05+/-0.39% of peripheral blood (pbl), 21.06+/-1.79% of kidney in unvaccinated healthy turbots (average length: ...200919178953
evaluation of a digoxigenin-labelled probe for detection of aeromonas spp.an outer membrane protein-based digoxigenin (dig)-labelled dna probe was developed for the specific detection of aeromonas sp. from food/environmental/clinical samples. dot blot reaction answered for all the aeromonas isolates and was negative for escherichia coli, pseudomonas sp., klebsiella sp., vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. harveyi, v. alginolyticus, v. vulnificus. edwardsiella tarda and staphylococcus sp. as this protein is highly conserved in various aeromonas species, the probe has the poten ...200919187505
growth differentiation factor 15, a novel acute phase response gene in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus.the acute phase response, an important aspect of innate immunity, leads to the production of acute phase proteins (apps) in the liver which would consequently help restore homeostasis to the body. here, we identified a novel cytokine, growth differentiation factor 15 (gdf15) from japanese flounder. three out of the 384 est sequences derived from liver of japanese flounder treated with formalin-killed edwardsiella tarda showed significant homology with gdf of various species. after obtaining the ...200919059342
identification and characterization of the prepro-vasoactive intestinal peptide gene from the teleost paralichthys olivaceus.the gene encoding the prepro form of a vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) was cloned, and its structural organization and expression profiles were determined in the teleost paralichthys olivaceus. the prepro-vip encodes both a vip and a peptide-histidine-isoleucine (phi). the vip gene comprises six exons with two distinct peptides encoded on separate exons, i.e., phi on exon iii and vip on exon iv. several elements involved in cytokine-mediated activation are highly conserved in an 806-bp segme ...200919084281
identification of major antigenic proteins of edwardsiella tarda recognized by japanese flounder antibody.edwardsiella tarda is a fish pathogen that causes systemic infections in fresh water and marine fish. determining the antigenic proteins is important for the development of an immunodiagnostic tests and a vaccine for effective infection control in fish. in the current study, antigens were detected by immunoblotting and affinity column chromatography using a japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) antibody produced by experimental infection with e. tarda. groel, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehy ...200919564499
development of qcm biosensor to detect a marine derived pathogenic bacteria edwardsiella tarda using a novel immobilisation method.qcm technology offers a real time output, simplicity of use and cost effectiveness in addition to high sensitivity. sensitivity of qcm immunosensor can be enhanced by improving the immobilisation procedure on the quartz surface. the immobilisation strategy should be able to control both the amount and the orientation of the antibody (immunoglobulin; igg) on the transducer for high affinity to antigens. this study introduced a new methodology recruiting oxidised igg to expose aldehyde group in fc ...200918838265
phenotypic and genetic characterization of edwardsiella tarda isolated from pond sediments.the extent of genotypic and phenotypic diversity of edwardsiella tarda isolated from pond sediment was assessed by sds-page, plasmid profiling and eric-pcr. sds-page of whole cell protein extracts reveals 20-23 discrete bands with molecular wt of 14-110 kda. several bands with molecular weight range of 38-83 kda were present in all the isolates. numerical analysis of protein electrophoregram delineated the isolates into four clusters. two different types of plasmids having molecular mass of 23 k ...200918243313
[a case of immediate fertility restoration following childbirth].we report an unwanted pregnancy following immediately after fulltime childbirth. we could not find previous reports of this nature in international literature. women who give bottle-feeding are even more liable to early return of ovulatory cycles than women who give breastfeeding. if a puerpera has vaginal bleeding (not lochia), there is an increased risk of ovulation as well as of endometritis. it is no longer acceptable to take impossibility to conceive immediately after delivery for granted: ...20092654662
multiple brain abscesses in neonate caused by edwardsiella tarda: case report.a neonate presented with multiple brain abscesses caused by very unusual infection with the gram-negative bacterium, edwardsiella tarda. serial changes in magnetic resonance imaging findings including diffusion-weighted imaging demonstrated the development from the late cerebritis to late capsule stages. the patient was successfully treated by external drainage, and has since reached normal development milestones. early diagnosis with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasou ...200919246871
in this issue: proteomics 5/2009.in this issue of proteomics you will find the following highlighted articles:heart (pump) broken?hearts are pumps within pumps within channels and pumps. calcium is pumped, potassium, sodium, amino acids, and electrons are all pumped, channeled or driven until, finally, blood is pumped. failure of one or more pumps leads to a heart attack. this report from zlatkovic et al. looks at the sub-proteome associated with hypertensive failure of the k(+)atp channel and associated cardiomyopathy that dev ...200919253291
emerging infections of the gastrointestinal tract.infections account for significant gi morbidity and mortality worldwide. new organisms are being identified, associated with diarrhoeal illness and some with other gastrointestinal illness as well. among gi viruses, sapovirus is now recognised to cause diarrhoea, especially in children. a hypervirulent strain of clostridium difficile has caused epidemics in many countries. newly identified bacterial species that may cause diarrhoea include campylobacter concisus, arcobacteria, edwardsiella tarda ...200919258189
immunoprotective analysis of two edwardsiella tarda antigens. 200919282634
characterization of edwardsiella tarda rpos: effect on serum resistance, chondroitinase activity, biofilm formation, and autoinducer synthetases expression.in this study, rpos gene was identified from edwardsiella tarda eib202 and its functional role was analyzed by using an in-frame deletion mutant rpos and the complemental strain rpos (+). compared with the wild type and rpos (+), rpos was impaired in terms of the ability to survive under oxidative stress and nutrient starvation, as well as the resistance to 50% serum of scophthalmus maximus in 3 h, demonstrating essential roles of rpos in stress adaptation. the rpos mutant also displayed markedl ...200919283379
identification of novel putative virulence factors, adhesin aida and type vi secretion system, in atypical strains of fish pathogenic edwardsiella tarda by genomic subtractive hybridization.edwardsiella tarda, which is known to be the causative agent of edwardsiellosis in freshwater and marine fish, has two motility phenotypes. typical strains exhibiting motility are isolated mainly from freshwater fish and japanese flounder. atypical strains exhibiting non-motility are isolated mainly from marine fish, with the exception of japanese flounder. subtractive hybridization was performed to identify genomic differences between these two phenotypes. two fragments which showed homology to ...200919302523
investigation of esca as a chaperone for the edwardsiella tarda type iii secretion system putative translocon component esec.edwardsiella tarda is an important gram-negative enteric pathogen affecting both animals and humans. it possesses a type iii secretion system (t3ss) essential for pathogenesis. eseb, esec and esed have been shown to form a translocon complex after secretion, while escc functions as a t3ss chaperone for eseb and esed. in this paper we identify esca, a protein required for accumulation and proper secretion of another translocon component, esec. the esca gene is located upstream of esec and the esc ...200919332827
attenuation of edwardsiella tarda virulence by small peptides that interfere with luxs/autoinducer type 2 quorum sensing.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen with a broad host range that includes humans, animals, and fish. recent studies have shown that the luxs/autoinducer type 2 (ai-2) quorum sensing system is involved in the virulence of e. tarda. in the present study, it was found that the e. tarda luxs mutants bearing deletions of the catalytic site (c site) and the tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site, respectively, are functionally inactive and that these dysfunctional mutants can interfere with t ...200919411415
immunoprotective analysis of vhhp2, a vibrio harveyi vaccine candidate.vhhp2 is an outer membrane protein identified in a pathogenic vibrio harveyi strain, t4, isolated from diseased fish. when used as a subunit vaccine, purified recombinant vhhp2 affords high level of protection upon japanese flounder against v. harveyi challenge. vaccination with vhhp2 induced the expression of a number of immune-related genes, especially those encoding immunoglobulin m (igm) and major histocompatibility complex (mhc) iialpha. a vhhp2 surface display system, in the form of the fi ...200919428886
identification, characterization, and molecular application of a virulence-associated autotransporter from a pathogenic pseudomonas fluorescens strain.a gene, pfa1, encoding an autotransporter was cloned from a pathogenic pseudomonas fluorescens strain, tss, isolated from diseased fish. the expression of pfa1 is enhanced during infection and is regulated by growth phase and growth conditions. mutation of pfa1 significantly attenuates the overall bacterial virulence of tss and impairs the abilities of tss in biofilm production, interaction with host cells, modulation of host immune responses, and dissemination in host blood. the putative protei ...200919447960
characterization of proteins secreted from a type iii secretion system of edwardsiella tarda and their roles in macrophage infection.the type iii secretion system is essential for intracellular replication of edwardsiella tarda in phagocytes of fish and mammals. we identified the secreted proteins of the type iii secretion system by comparing the wild-type strain and the type iii mutant met1229. the wild-type strain secreted 55, 25, and 22 kda proteins into the culture supernatant, whereas the type iii mutant did not. these proteins were identified as eseb, esec, and esed and are similar in sequence to salmonella sseb, ssec, ...200919476281
specific mhc class ii b alleles associated with resistance to edwardsiella tarda in turbot, psetta maxima (l.). 200919486240
extraintestinal manifestations of edwardsiella tarda infection: a 10-year retrospective review.edwardsiella tarda, a member of the family enterobacteriaceae found in aquatic environments, is an unusual cause of human disease, presenting most frequently as gastroenteritis. extraintestinal manifestations of e. tarda infection are rare but have included meningitis, cholecystitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, soft tissue infections, bacteremia, and septicemia. over a 10-year period at our institution, 10 cases of extraintestinal infection related to e. tarda were identified. the infections ra ...200919489391
comparative analysis of the production of nitric oxide (no) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) from macrophages exposed to high virulent and low virulent strains of edwardsiella tarda.we previously reported that high virulent strain (nuf251) of edwardsiella tarda has an ability to prevent the production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages, and is even capable of surviving and multiplying within japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) peritoneal macrophages, whereas the low virulent strain (nuf194) has no such ability. in this study, we found that nuf251 and nuf194 induced no and tnf-alpha production from japanese flounder peritoneal macrophages, and nuf251 caused fas ...200919539031
urosepsis caused by edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a rare causative agent of human infection, predominantly associated with gastroenteritis. we describe a fatal case of urosepsis caused by e. tarda. the patient's underlying condition of advanced uterine cancer may have contributed to the development of the infection.200919554405
edwardsiella tarda t6ss component evpp is regulated by esrb and iron, and plays essential roles in the invasion of fish.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen for hemorrhagic septicemia in a broad range of hosts. the type vi secretion system (t6ss) has recently been dissected in e. tarda to secrete evpc, evpi and a novel effector protein evpp. in this study, sequencing and genetic alignments showed that evpp genes from different e. tarda isolates were highly similar and an evpp homolog was also found in aeromonas hydrophila 0865 isolated from a diseased eel, suggesting the possible lateral gene transfer o ...200919563898
identification and characterization of the acrr/acrab system of a pathogenic edwardsiella tarda strain.edwardsiella tarda is one of the leading marine pathogens that can infect a wide range of cultured marine species. in this study, the acrr-acrab cluster was cloned from tx1, a pathogenic e. tarda strain isolated from diseased fish. acrr and acrab were found to be involved in resistance against acriflavine and methyl viologen, which positively regulate the expression of acrab. acrr negatively regulates its own expression and the expression of the acrab operon, most likely by interacting with a 24 ...200919590146
construction and evaluation of dna vaccines encoding edwardsiella tarda antigens.edwardsiella tarda is an opportunistic pathogen that can infect humans, animal, and fish. two e. tarda antigens, eta6 and flic, which are homologues to an ecotin precursor and the flic flagellin, respectively, were identified by in vivo-induced antigen technology from a pathogenic e. tarda strain isolated from diseased fish. when used as a subunit vaccine, purified recombinant eta6 was moderately protective against lethal challenge of e. tarda in a japanese flounder model, whereas purified recom ...200919596416
genomic organization and mrna expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (mn-sod) from hemibarbus mylodon (teleostei, cypriniformes).the genomic structure of manganese superoxide dismutase (mn-sod) was characterized in hemibarbus mylodon (teleostei, cypriniformes), an endangered freshwater fish species, and changes in mn-sod mrna expression in response to various stimuli, such as challenge with lipopolysaccharide (lps), bacteria, or heavy metals, were examined. h. mylodon mn-sod possesses well-conserved features of vertebrate mn-sods, including its homologous quinquepartite gene structure (five exons interrupted by four intro ...200919616630
domain analysis of the edwardsiella tarda ferric uptake regulator.recent studies have shown that the ferric uptake regulator (fur) of edwardsiella tarda (fur(et)) shares high sequence identity with the escherichia coli fur (fur(ec)) at the n-terminal dna-binding region. in the present study, the functional importance of the c-terminal region of fur(et) was investigated. it was found that fur(et) bearing deletion of the c-terminal 12 residues still possesses most of the repressor activity, whereas fur(et) bearing deletions of the c-terminal 16 and more than 16 ...200919940381
identification and immunoprotective analysis of an in vivo-induced edwardsiella tarda antigen.edwardsiella tarda is a severe aquaculture pathogen that can infect many important fish species cultured worldwide. the aim of this study was to evaluate the vaccine potential of an e. tarda antigen, eta21, which was identified from a pathogenic e. tarda strain via the method of in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat). eta21 is 510-amino acid in length and shares approximately 58% sequence identity with a putative peptidase of several bacterial species. eta21 was subcloned into escherichia co ...200919706328
motility and the expression of the flagellin protein flic are negatively regulated by quorum sensing in edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen of fish and animals. a number of gram-negative bacteria have quorum-sensing systems and produce n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) that they use as a quorum-sensing signaling molecule. we have already reported that e. tarda nuf251 produces ahls and has the ahl-synthase gene, edwi. inactivation of nuf251 edwi induces expression of an approximately 45 kda extracellular protein, identified as a flagellin encoded by flic. mutation of edwi also cha ...200919716521
regulation of the edwardsiella tarda hemolysin gene and luxs by ethr.edwardsiella tarda is a pathogen with a broad host range that includes human and animals. the e. tarda hemolysin (eth) system, which comprises etha and ethb, is a noted virulence element that is widely distributed in pathogenic isolates of e. tarda. previous study has shown that the expression of ethb is regulated by iron, which suggests the possibility that the ferric uptake regulator (fur) is involved in the regulation of ethb. the work presented in this report supports the previous findings a ...200919734713
a novel c1q family member with fucose-binding activity from surfperch, neoditrema ransonnetii (perciformes, embiotocidae).the c1q family is a growing group of proteins with a globular c1q domain in the c-terminal region. we purified a new member of this family with l-fucose-binding activity from the plasma of surfperch, neoditrema ransonnetii through l-fucose-affinity chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography. n-terminal amino acid sequencing followed by cdna sequencing revealed that the protein was composed of 212 amino acids including a signal peptide of 20 amino acids. the gene expression analysis by rt-p ...200919772923
genome sequence of the versatile fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda provides insights into its adaptation to broad host ranges and intracellular niches.edwardsiella tarda is the etiologic agent of edwardsiellosis, a devastating fish disease prevailing in worldwide aquaculture industries. here we describe the complete genome of e. tarda, eib202, a highly virulent and multi-drug resistant isolate in china.200919865481
identification of edwardsiella ictaluri and e. tarda by species-specific polymerase chain reaction targeted to the upstream region of the fimbrial gene.phylogenetic analysis of nine strains of edwardsiella ictaluri and eight strains of e. tarda (six typical motile strains and two atypical nonmotile strains) isolated from diseased fish was performed using the upstream region of the fimbrial gene cluster. strains of e. ictaluri and e. tarda were significantly clustered into separate groups. moreover, atypical e. tarda strains were clustered into a different group from the other strains. three polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primer sets for differ ...200919873834
analysis of the effect of copper on the virulence of a pathogenic edwardsiella tarda strain.to investigate the effect of copper on the virulence of edwardsiella tarda.201019912523
scophthalmus maximus cystatin b enhances head kidney macrophage-mediated bacterial killing.cystatins form a large family of cysteine protease inhibitors found in a wide arrange of organisms. studies have indicated that mammalian cystatins play important roles under both physiological and pathological conditions. however, much less is known about fish cystatins. in this report, we described the identification and analysis of a cystatin b homologue, smcytb, from turbot scophthalmus maximus. the open reading frame of smcytb is 300bp, which encodes a 99-residue protein that shares high le ...201020692286
dna adenine methylase is involved in the pathogenesis of edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a serious aquaculture pathogen that can infect many cultured fish species. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential importance of dna adenine methylase (dam) in e. tarda pathogenesis. the e. tarda dam gene (dam(et)) was cloned from a pathogenic strain, txd1, isolated from diseased fish. dam(et) shares high (70.2%) sequence identity with the dam proteins of yersinia enterocolitica and several other bacterial species. recombinant dam(et) is able to complement a ...201019781866
broad-host-range plasmids for red fluorescent protein labeling of gram-negative bacteria for use in the zebrafish model system.to observe real-time interactions between green fluorescent protein-labeled immune cells and invading bacteria in the zebrafish (danio rerio), a series of plasmids was constructed for the red fluorescent protein (rfp) labeling of a variety of fish and human pathogens. the aim of this study was to create a collection of plasmids that would express rfp pigments both constitutively and under tac promoter regulation and that would be nontoxic and broadly transmissible to a variety of gram-negative b ...201020363780
novel expression system for combined vaccine production in edwardsiella tarda ghost and cadaver cells.to develop combined vaccine systems, we have generated edwardsiella tarda ghosts (etg) displaying a foreign protein on the outer membrane and also ed. tarda cadaver (etc) expressing a heterologous protein in the cytoplasm. green fluorescent protein (gfp) was used as a model foreign protein. a constitutive promoter (etpr c28-1) cloned newly from ed. tarda was used as a promoter for the expression of foreign protein. comparison of the strength of the new promoter with a commercially available cons ...201020369310
identification and analysis of a sciaenops ocellatus isg15 homologue that is involved in host immune defense against bacterial infection.isg15 is an interferon-stimulated gene that encodes a ubiquitin-like protein. isg15 homologues have been identified in a number of fish species, some of which are known to be regulated at expression level by virus infection and lipopolysaccharide (lps) treatment. however, the relationship between isg15 and live bacterial infection has not been investigated in piscine models. in this study, an isg15 homologue, soisg15, was identified from red drum sciaenops ocellatus and analyzed at expression an ...201020385242
differential regulation of sciaenops ocellatus viperin expression by intracellular and extracellular bacterial pathogens.viperin is an antiviral protein that has been found to exist in diverse vertebrate organisms and is involved in innate immunity against the infection of a wide range of viruses. however, it is largely unclear as to the potential role played by viperin in bacterial infection. in this study, we identified the red drum sciaenops ocellatus viperin gene (sovip) and analyzed its expression in relation to bacterial challenge. the complete gene of sovip is 2570 bp in length and contains six exons and fi ...201020420911
defensin of the zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha): molecular structure, in vitro expression, antimicrobial activity, and potential functions.a 409 bp full length defensin gene was cloned and sequenced based on an expressed sequence tag (est) obtained from a normalized zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha) foot cdna library developed in our laboratory. the d. polymorpha defensin (dpd) gene encoded a peptide with 76 amino acid residues. the mature dpd contains 54 amino acids with a fully functional insect defensin a domain. homologue searching against genbank database suggested that this dpd was phylogenetically close to defensins from a ...201020537393
molecular cloning and expression study on toll-like receptor 5 paralogs in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus.toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 is responsible for the bacterial flagellin recognition in vertebrates. synergistic role of tlr 5 membrane form (tlr 5m) and tlr 5 soluble form (tlr 5s) have been reported from the study on rainbow trout. this system is regarded as the unique system in teleost fish. however, systemic response of tlr 5 genes in teleost fish has not been fully understood. hence, we cloned japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaseus) tlr 5m and tlr 5s genes and their expressions were analyze ...201020561590
dissection and localization of the immunostimulating domain of edwardsiella tarda flic.bacterial flagellin is known to induce potent immune response in vertebrate systems via the toll-like receptor (tlr) 5. as a result, flagellin has been studied extensively as a vaccine adjuvant. in a previous study, we examined the vaccine and adjuvant potentials of the flagellin (flic) of the fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda. we found that e. tarda flic induced low protective immunity by itself but could function as a molecular adjuvant and potentiate the specific immune response induced by the ...201020580470
evaluation of four polymerase chain reaction primer pairs for the detection of edwardsiella tarda in turbot.edwardsiella tarda is an important emergent pathogen in european aquaculture, causing several mortality events in turbot scophthalmus maximus cultures in recent years. here, we evaluated in parallel the specificity of 4 previously published pairs of primers, gyrbf1/gyrbr1, tardaf/ tardar, etfa and etfd, for the detection of 53 e. tarda strains isolated from different sources, as well as 18 representatives of related and unrelated bacterial species. on the basis of the obtained results, we select ...201020597430
smc2p1, a c2 domain protein from scophthalmus maximus that binds bacterial pathogen-infected lymphocytes and reduces bacterial survival.c2 domains are protein structural modules found in many eukaryotic proteins involved in signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and immune defense. most of the studied c2 domain-containing proteins are multi-domained in structure, in which the c2 domain is an independently folded motif and plays an essential role in calcium-dependent membrane-targeting. although c2 domains isolated from intact proteins have been studied for biological functions, no study on natural proteins containing c2 doma ...201020633652
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