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phenotypic characterization, virulence, and immunogenicity of edwardsiella tarda lse40 aroa mutant.bacterial aro mutants are frequently used as live attenuated vaccines for domestic animals. in this study, we characterized edwardsiella tarda strain lse40 with a deletion in the aroa gene. in addition to autotrophy, the aroa mutant appeared to have delayed cell division and reductions in its swarming motility, biofilm formation, and production of translocator proteins in the type iii secretory system. the mutant exhibited high virulence attenuation in turbot fish, scophthalmus maximus (l.), whe ...201323504078
attempt to develop live attenuated bacterial vaccines by selecting resistance to gossypol, proflavine hemisulfate, novobiocin, or ciprofloxacin.in an attempt to develop attenuated bacteria as potential live vaccines, four chemicals (gossypol, proflavine hemisulfate, novobiocin, and ciprofloxacin) were used to modify the following four genera of bacteria through chemical-resistance strategy: (1) aeromonas hydrophila (9 isolates); (2) edwardsiella tarda (9 isolates); (3) streptococcus iniae (9 isolates); and (4) s. agalactiae (11 isolates). all bacteria used in this study were able to develop high resistance to gossypol. however, only som ...201323499519
adaptive immune response to edwardsiella tarda infection in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. although cell-mediated immunity and innate immunity play a major role in protection against intracellular bacterial infection in mammals, their importance in protecting fish against e. tarda infection remain unclear. in this study, we examined cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) after e. tarda infection. innate immunity was observed to be the princip ...201323489657
environmental isolates p1sw and v3sw as a bivalent vaccine induce effective cross-protection against edwardsiella tarda and vibrio anguillarum .edwardsiella tarda and vibrio anguillarum are severe fish pathogens. in this study, we aimed at selecting avirulent environmental isolates with application potential in the prevention of e. tarda- and v. anguillarum-associated diseases. for this purpose, we selected and analyzed 2 seawater isolates, p1sw and v3sw, belonging to the genera pseudomonas and vibrio, respectively. when administered to turbot scophthalmus maximus via immersion and oral feeding, p1sw and v3sw at a dose of 2 × 108 colony ...201323482384
functional analysis of a zebrafish myd88 mutant identifies key transcriptional components of the innate immune system.toll-like receptors (tlrs) are an important class of pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that recognize microbial and danger signals. their downstream signaling upon ligand binding is vital for initiation of the innate immune response. in human and mammalian models, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) is known for its central role as an adaptor molecule in interleukin 1 receptor (il-1r) and tlr signaling. the zebrafish is increasingly used as a complementary model system for disease resea ...201323471913
complete genome sequence of a novel myovirus which infects atypical strains of edwardsiella tarda.we present the genome sequence of a novel edwardsiella tarda-lytic bacteriophage, msw-3, which specifically infects atypical e. tarda strains. the morphological and genomic features of msw-3 suggest that this phage is a new member of the dwarf myoviruses, which have been much less studied than other groups of myoviruses.201323469359
asd-based balanced-lethal system in attenuated edwardsiella tarda to express a heterologous antigen for a multivalent bacterial vaccine.edwardsiella tarda is an enteric gram-negative invasive intracellular pathogen, which causes enteric septicemia in fish. it could be potentially used to develop a recombinant attenuated e. tarda vaccine for the aquaculture industry. because live vaccine strains can potentially be released into the environment upon vaccination, medical and environmental safety issues must be considered. deletion of the asdb gene in e. tarda resulted in a diaminopimelic acid (dap)-dependent mutant. the wild type a ...201323454428
gene expression profiling in live attenuated edwardsiella tarda vaccine immunized and challenged zebrafish: insights into the basic mechanisms of protection seen in immunized fish.despite the importance and success of vaccine immunization against bacterial diseases in fish, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of vaccine-induced immune protection in teleost fish. in this study, the live attenuated edwardsiella tarda vaccine strain wed, which has been shown to evoke efficacious protection against edwardsiellosis and ascites diseases in fish, was extensively evaluated for multiple parameters in a 5-week immunization and challenge experiment in zebrafish. the param ...201323434462
complete genome sequences of edwardsiella tarda-lytic bacteriophages kf-1 and iw-1.we report the complete genome sequences of two edwardsiella tarda-lytic bacteriophages isolated from flounder kidney (kf-1) and seawater (iw-1). these newly sequenced phage genomes provide a novel resource for future studies on phage-host interaction mechanisms and various applications of the phages for control of edwardsiellosis in aquaculture.201323405297
characterization of the edwardsiella tarda proteome in response to different environmental stresses.to date, our understanding of protein species is still limited. in the present study, 2-de based proteomics was used to investigate characteristics of protein species in edwardsiella tarda, a prokaryocyte cell model. in the e. tarda proteome that was analyzed by 2-de and mass spectrometry, 661 unique proteins representing 1320 protein spots were identified, accounting for 19.0% of gene-coding proteins of the bacterium. 256 out of the 661 identified proteins have different forms of single protein ...201323385355
edwardsiella tarda invasion of fish cell lines and the activation of divergent cell death pathways.edwardsiella tarda is an important gram-negative intracellular pathogen of fish. however, the invasive features of e. tarda to fish cells and the pathogenesis of host cell death have not been thoroughly investigated. in this study, two fish cell models were used to investigate the interactions between e. tarda and its cellular hosts. e. tarda invaded and replicated in both cell lines. epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cells were more sensitive to e. tarda infection than the flounder gill cell ...201323380458
molecular characterisation and biological activity of a novel cxc chemokine gene in rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).chemokines are chemoattractant cytokines defined by the presence of four conserved cysteine residues. in mammals, these cytokines can be divided into four subfamilies depending on the arrangement of the first two conserved cysteines in the sequence, and include the cxc(α), cc(β), c(γ), and cx3c(δ) classes. we identified cxc chemokine cdna, designated rbcxc, isolated using expressed sequence tag analysis of a lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated rock bream liver cdna library. the full-length rbcxc ...201323376472
bacterial pathogens and flora isolated from farm-cultured eels (anguilla japonica) and their environmental waters in korean eel farms.the purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial pathogens and flora in both sick and clinically healthy eels, anguilla japonica, and the environmental rearing waters of korean eel farms. between 2003 and 2010, a total of 621 sick eels were submitted for diagnosis, while 216 healthy eels and 87 environmental water samples were collected during a survey of 26 eel farms in korea. seven different bacterial species were obtained from 183 isolates, which were recovered from the internal organs ...201223357049
structure of the o-polysaccharide of edwardsiella tarda pcm 1150 containing an amide of d-glucuronic acid with l-alanine.mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of edwardsiella tarda pcm 1150 afforded an o-polysaccharide, which was isolated by gpc on sephadex g-50 and studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with 1d and 2d 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopies, including experiments performed in a 9:1 h2o/d2o mixture to detect nh protons and their correlations with ch protons. the o-polysaccharide was found to contain an amide of d-glucuronic acid with l-alanine (d-glca6ala) and the following structure of t ...201223348241
effects of dietary supplementation of citrus by-products fermented with a probiotic microbe on growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance against edwardsiella tarda in juvenile olive flounder, paralichthys olivaceus (temminck & schlegel).two consecutive studies were conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of citrus by-products (cb) fermented with probiotic bacteria on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile olive flounder. in experiment i, five diets were formulated to contain 0% (control) or 3% four different cb fermented with bacillus subtilis (bs), enterococcus faecium (ef), lactobacillus rhamnosus (lr) and l. plantarum (lp) (designated as con, cbf-bs, cbf-ef, ...201323311661
effects of dietary supplementation of lactobacillus pentosus pl11 on the growth performance, immune and antioxidant systems of japanese eel anguilla japonica challenged with edwardsiella tarda.the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of dietary administration of lactobacillus pentosus pl11 on growth performance and the immune and antioxidant systems in japanese eel anguilla japonica challenged with edwardsiella tarda. a total of 75 japanese eels (24.63±0.83 g) were grouped into 5 treatment diets which were a control diet (c) without e. tarda and 4 treatment diets with e. tarda challenge, including c for e. tarda challenge (nc), c plus l. pentosus pl11 supplemented diet (10⁸ ...201323261510
identification of antigenic edwardsiella tarda surface proteins and their role in pathogenesis.edwardsiella tarda causes an infectious fish disease called edwardsiellosis. several outer membrane proteins (omps) are associated with virulence factors and are attractive as vaccine candidates. in this study, 4 immuno-reactive omps of e. tarda were detected using anti-sera from flounder infected with e. tarda. using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analyses, 2 of the 4 omps were identified as ompa and murein lipoprotein (lpp), which are highly conserved surface pro ...201323231854
upper extremity myonecrosis caused by edwardsiella tarda resulting in transhumeral amputation: case report.necrotizing soft tissue infections are rapidly progressive infections with a high rate of mortality. one type of necrotizing soft tissue infection is caused by marine gram-negative bacteria and commonly occurs in immunocompromised hosts. these types of infections are more common in patients with chronic liver disease, possibly because of impaired iron metabolism. we present the case of a rapidly progressive necrotizing soft tissue infection caused by edwardsiella tarda, a marine gram-negative pa ...201323200948
first molecular cloning and gene expression analysis of a teleost cd200 (ox-2) glycoprotein from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.cd200 plays an important role in delivering an immunoregulatory signal to the immune system through interaction with its receptor. however, cd200 has not been characterized and its function in teleosts is unknown. in this study, the rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) cd200 gene (rbcd200) was cloned and its expression profile was analyzed after infection with edwardsiella tarda, streptococcus iniae or red seabream iridovirus (rsiv). the coding region of rbcd200 cdna was 855 bp, encoding 284 amino ...201323128045
development of a multiplex pcr for the identification of pathogenic edwardsiella tarda and application to edwardsiellosis diagnostics. 201323126448
direct antibacterial activity of cd8+/cd4+ t-cells in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.cytotoxic t cells (ctls) constitute an important component of the specific effector mechanism in killing against microbial-infected or transformed cells. in addition to these activities, recent studies in mammals have suggested that ctls can exhibit direct antimicrobial activity. therefore, the present investigation was conducted to find out the microbicidal activity of cd8α(+) t cells of ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. the cd8α(+) t cells from immunised ginbuna exhibited th ...201323089524
cd4 and cd8 homologues in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus: differences in the expressions and localizations of cd4-1, cd4-2, cd8α and cd8β.cd4 and cd8 molecules are co-receptors of t cell receptors which interact specifically with mhc class ii and i, respectively, during antigen presentation. here we investigated cd4 and cd8 expression patterns in a fish, japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus in response to infection and tuberculin injection. the cd4-1 mrna level was gradually and weakly increased in trunk kidney after infection with streptococcus iniae, edwardsiella tarda and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), while th ...201323089138
immune response of turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) to a broad spectrum vaccine candidate, recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen which causes systemic infection in turbot. the increasing frequency of edwardsiellosis in turbot farming has stressed the need to understand the immune responses of fish, for the further development of prevention and control strategies. as a broad spectrum protective antigen, a recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of e. tarda eib202 has been proven to present remarkable protection against e. tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, vibri ...201223084627
class ii, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator (ciita) in channel catfish: identification and expression patterns responding to different pathogens.nlrs are a large family belonging to pattern recognition receptors which could recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns. class ii, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator (ciita) is a member of nlr family. it is a critical transcription factor which could regulate the expression of mhc class ii. in this study, a full-length cdna of ciita was cloned from channel catfish according to ten sequenced ests. this cdna contains a 5'-utr of 71 bp, a 3'-utr of 238 bp and an orf of 3,210 b ...201223073771
identification of novel interleukin 1 beta family genes in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus.gene in the interleukin 1 family plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. here, we describe two novel il-1-like gene in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus (jfil1-l1 and jfil1-l2). jfil1β-l1 was homologous to nile tilapia il-1β-like gene and arctic char il-1, and jfil1β-l2 showed homology to hypothetical protein loc100699119 of nile tilapia and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss il-1 receptor agonist (ra). the deduced amino acids sequences of these il-1β-l ...201323069785
genomic characterization and expression analysis of complement component 8α and 8β in rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).the complement component 8α and 8β are glycoproteins that mediate formation of the membrane attack complex (mac) on the surface of target cells. full-length complement c8α (rb-c8α) and c8β (rb-c8β) sequences were identified from a cdna library of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), and their genomic sequences were obtained by screening and sequencing of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) genomic dna library of rock bream. the rb-c8α gene contains 64bp of 5'-utr, open reading frame (orf) of ...201323059376
functional characterization of edwardsiella tarda twin-arginine translocation system and its potential use as biological containment in live attenuated vaccine of marine fish.bacterial twin-arginine translocation (tat) system contributes to translocate folded proteins to the periplasm and plays pleiotropic roles in physiological fitness. here, we showed that the fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda tat pathway was functional and was essential for h2s production and hemolytic activity. e. tarda tat mutant was more susceptible to diverse stresses such as high temperature, sds, ethanol, and high-salt conditions. however, e. tarda tat mutant displayed marginal in vivo virule ...201323053108
successful treatment of a patient with sepsis and liver abscess caused by edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a bacterium that is associated with both an asymptomatic oral carrier state and self-limiting diarrhoeal illness in humans. we herein report a case of sepsis and liver abscess caused by e. tarda and review the patients with e. tarda sepsis who presented at our hospital. an 85-year-old woman developed enterocolitis and sepsis caused by e. tarda. she was administered intensive care and thus was able to soon show a good recovery, however, she subsequently developed a liver abs ...201223037482
pathogenesis of and strategies for preventing edwardsiella tarda infection in fish.edwardsiella tarda is one of the serious fish pathogens, infecting both cultured and wild fish species. research on edwardsiellosis has revealed that e. tarda has a broad host range and geographic distribution, and contains important virulence factors that enhance bacterial survival and pathogenesis in hosts. although recent progress in edwardsiellosis research has enabled the development of numerous, highly effective vaccine candidates, these efforts have not been translated into a commercializ ...201223035843
identification of bacillus strains for biological control of catfish pathogens.bacillus strains isolated from soil or channel catfish intestine were screened for their antagonism against edwardsiella ictaluri and aeromonas hydrophila, the causative agents of enteric septicemia of catfish (esc) and motile aeromonad septicaemia (mas), respectively. twenty one strains were selected and their antagonistic activity against other aquatic pathogens was also tested. each of the top 21 strains expressed antagonistic activity against multiple aquatic bacterial pathogens including ed ...201223029244
flic, a flagellin protein, is essential for the growth and virulence of fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a flagellated gram-negative bacterium which causes edwardsiellosis in fish. flic, as a flagellar filament structural protein, is hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of infection. in this study, a flic in-frame deletion mutant of a virulent isolate of e. tarda was constructed through double crossover allelic exchange by means of the suicide vector pre112, and its virulence-associated phenotypes and pathogenicity were tested. it was found that the deletion of flic ...201223024793
a manganese superoxide dismutase with potent antioxidant activity identified from oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic structure and transcriptional characterization.in this study, we describe the identification and characterization of manganese superoxide dismutase, an important antioxidant enzyme acting as the chief reactive oxygen species (ros) scavenger, from rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus (of-mmnsod) at genomic- and transcriptional-levels as well as the biological activity of recombinant protein. the of-mmnsod protein portrayed distinct mnsod family features including signature motifs, metal association sites and the typical active site topology. it w ...201323022055
monoclonal antibody to serum immunoglobulins of clarias batrachus and its application in immunoassays.serum immunoglobulins of clarias batrachus (cb-ig) were purified by affinity chromatography using bovine serum albumin as capture ligand. under reducing conditions in sds-page, cb-ig was composed of a heavy (h) chain (68.7 kda) and two light (l) chains (27.4 and 26.3 kda). purified cb-ig was used to produce a monoclonal antibody (mab) designated e4 mab that belonged to igg1 subclass. in western blotting, this mab showed binding to h chain of purified cb-ig and putative h chains in reduced sera o ...201223000018
a streptococcus iniae dna vaccine delivered by a live attenuated edwardsiella tarda via natural infection induces cross-genus protection.edwardsiella tarda and streptococcus iniae are important fish pathogens. we have reported previously a live e. tarda vaccine based on the attenuated strain tx5rm and a s. iniae dna vaccine based on the antigen sia10. in this study, we examined the possibility of constructing a cross-genus vaccine by taking advantage of the residual infectivity of tx5rm and using it as a carrier host for the natural delivery of a s. iniae dna vaccine. for this purpose, the recombinant tx5rm, tx5rms10, was created ...201222967257
isolation and characterization of a novel antibacterial peptide derived from hemoglobin alpha in the liver of japanese eel, anguilla japonica.we isolated and characterized a novel antibacterial peptide, ajhbα, derived from hemoglobin alpha in the liver of japanese eel, anguilla japonica. it with concentration of 11.30 μm exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterium 1 × 10(6) cell ml(-1)edwardsiella tarda than other two bacteria. the extraction procedure for ajhbα included extraction with acetate acid, ultrafiltration, cation-exchange chromatography on hitrap™ cm ff, reverse-phase liquid chromatography on sour ...201322951230
cardiac tamponade in largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides).a public aquarium with a 4-mo history of occasional fish mortalities submitted for necropsy an adult female largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides) that died unexpectedly. gross necropsy revealed that the pericardial cavity was markedly distended with partially coagulated blood. examination of the heart revealed multiple nodular masses in the area of the atrium and two small perforations on the surface of one of the nodular masses. histopathologic exam of the atrium revealed severe fibrinonecrot ...201122946421
molecular cloning and functional characterization of two duplicated two-cysteine containing type i interferon genes in rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus.two type i interferon (ifn) genes, designated as rbifn1 and rbifn2, have been cloned and characterized in rock bream. they are both comprised of 5 exons and 4 introns, and are closely linked on the rock bream chromosome in a unique head-to-head configuration. both genes encode 183 amino acid (aa) precursor with a putative 17 aa signal peptide in the n-terminal. only one amino acid divergence is present between two ifns. compared with the type i ifns in higher vertebrates, two rock bream ifns pos ...201222889848
edwardsiella tarda sepsis with multiple liver abscesses in a patient with cushing's syndrome.edwardsiella tarda is very seldom a cause for gastroenteritis in humans. this organism can also cause extraintestinal infections, such as soft tissue infections, meningitis, peritonitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis and hepatobiliary tract disease, particularly in the setting of compromised immunity. we describe, for the first time a case of e. tarda sepsis with multiple liver abscesses associated with cushing's syndrome as a result of recreational aquatic exposure.201222885207
interferon regulatory factors 4 and 8 in rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus: structural and expressional evidence for their antimicrobial role in teleosts.the interferon regulatory factor (irf) members irf4 and irf8 contribute to b-lymphocyte development and can act as regulators of immunoglobulin (ig) light chain gene transcription. these two irfs are closely interrelated and are expressed at high levels in the lymphoid and myeloid cells of the immune system. in this study, the complete cdna and genomic sequences of rock bream irf4 (rbirf4) and irf8 (rbirf8) were identified by homology screening of a multi-tissue normalized cdna library and a bac ...201222885028
rna-seq liver transcriptome analysis reveals an activated mhc-i pathway and an inhibited mhc-ii pathway at the early stage of vaccine immunization in zebrafish.zebrafish (danio rerio) is a prominent vertebrate model of human development and pathogenic disease and has recently been utilized to study teleost immune responses to infectious agents threatening the aquaculture industry. in this work, to clarify the host immune mechanisms underlying the protective effects of a putative vaccine and improve its immunogenicity in the future efforts, high-throughput rna sequencing technology was used to investigate the immunization-related gene expression pattern ...201222805612
expression profiles of nods in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) after infection with edwardsiella tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, streptococcus iniae and channel catfish hemorrhage reovirus.nlrs are a large family of intracellular pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps). in the previous study, the identification of nlrs subfamily a (nods) and gene expression was carried out in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). however, the gene expression profiles of channel catfish nods (nod1, nod2, nlrc3, nlrc5 and nlrx1) after infection with various bacteria and virus are still unclear. in this study, expression of five nods genes ...201222796486
genomic characterization and expression analysis of complement component 9 in rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).the complement component 9 (c9) is a single-chain glycoprotein that mediates formation of the membrane attack complex (mac) on the surface of target cells. full-length c9 sequence was identified from a cdna library of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), and its genomic sequence was obtained by screening and sequencing of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) genomic dna library of rock bream. the rock bream complement component 9 (rb-c9) gene contains 11 exons and 10 introns and is composed of ...201222796422
the in vivo extracellular life of facultative intracellular bacterial parasites: role in pathogenesis.classically labeled facultative intracellular pathogens are characterized by the ability to have an intracellular phase in the host, which is required for pathogenicity, while capable of extracellular growth in vitro. the ability of these bacteria to replicate in cell-free conditions is usually assessed by culture in artificial bacteriological media. however, the extracellular growth ability of these pathogens may also be expressed by a phase of extracellular infection in the natural setting of ...201322795971
withdrawn: dietary supplementation of artemisia capillaris on immunity in paralichthys olivaceus against edwardsiella tarda.this article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.201222771963
fighting fish (betta splendens) bubble nests do not inhibit microbial growth.some organisms produce antimicrobial substances in nesting foam to favorably manipulate the environment to which their developing offspring are exposed. we tested if fighting fish betta splendens foamy nest material, which is comprised of bubbles produced in the oral cavity of nesting males, has antimicrobial properties against a pathogenic bacteria (edwardsiella tarda), a nonpathogenic bacteria (escherichia coli), or a pathogenic oomycete (saprolegnia parasitica). we also tested if exposure to ...201222753365
immunization of olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) with an auxotrophic edwardsiella tarda mutant harboring the vhsv dna vaccine.the aims of the present study were to find more powerful promoter for dna vaccines in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) and to evaluate the availability of the auxotrophic edwardsiella tarda mutant (δalr δasd e. tarda) as a delivery vehicle for dna vaccine against vhsv in olive flounder. the marine medaka (oryzias dancena) β-actin promoter was clearly stronger than cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter when the vectors were transfected to epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cells or injected into ...201222750026
an edwardsiella tarda mutant lacking udp-glucose dehydrogenase shows pleiotropic phenotypes, attenuated virulence, and potential as a vaccine candidate.edwarsiella tarda is highly resistant to the action of cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps). however, the mechanism underlying camp resistance is not clear. the enzyme udp-glucose dehydrogenase (ugd) that converts udp-glucose into udp-glucuronic acid may be important for this resistance. in this study, a ugd gene was identified in e. tarda and its functional role was analyzed using an in-frame deletion mutant δugd and the complemented strain ugd+. the lipopolysaccharide (lps) produced by δugd ...201222748630
simultaneous detection of multiple fish pathogens using a naked-eye readable dna microarray.we coupled 16s rdna pcr and dna hybridization technology to construct a microarray for simultaneous detection and discrimination of eight fish pathogens (aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda, flavobacterium columnare, lactococcus garvieae, photobacterium damselae, pseudomonas anguilliseptica, streptococcus iniae and vibrio anguillarum) commonly encountered in aquaculture. the array comprised short oligonucleotide probes (30 mer) complementary to the polymorphic regions of 16s rrna genes for ...201222736973
different approaches to expressing edwardsiella tarda antigen gapdh in attenuated vibrio anguillarum for multivalent fish vaccines.with the development of gene technology, expressing heterologous antigens in attenuated bacteria has become an important strategy to design multivalent vaccines. in our previous work, an attenuated vibrio anguillarum named mvav6203 was developed and proven to be an efficient live vaccine candidate. in this research, we aimed to express protective antigen glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of edwardsiella tarda in attenuated vibrio anguillarum to establish a multivalent v. anguillar ...201222724428
expression pattern, promoter activity and bactericidal property of β-defensin from the mandarin fish siniperca chuatsi.β-defensin (bd) are cysteine-rich, cationic antimicrobial peptides which play an important role in innate immune system against invading microbes. in the present study, the cdna cloning, expression analysis, transcriptional regulation and antimicrobial activity of β-defensin (scbd) from mandarin fish (siniperca chuatsi) were characterized. the cdna sequence of scbd is 596 bp which encodes a protein of 63 amino acids (aa). the scbd gene comprises three exons and two introns. the signal peptide is ...201222705342
edwardsiella tarda sialidase: pathogenicity involvement and vaccine potential.bacterial sialidases are a group of glycohydrolases that are known to play an important role in invasion of host cells and tissues. in this study, we examined in a model of japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) the potential function of nana, a sialidase from the fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda. nana is composed of 670 residues and shares low sequence identities with known bacterial sialidases. in silico analysis indicated that nana possesses a sialidase domain and an autotransporter domai ...201222705341
identification of qseegf genetic locus and its roles in controlling hemolytic activity and invasion in fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda.the aims of this study were to reveal the roles of the gene locus qseegf in the pathogenesis of edwardsiella tarda.201222694092
antigen adsorbed surface modified poly-ɛ-caprolactone microspheres stimulates both adaptive and innate immune response in fish.surface modified poly-ɛ-caprolactone microspheres as an antigen carrier was explored in a fish model. outer membrane vesicles of edwardsiella tarda adsorbed on to surface modified poly-ɛ-caprolactone microspheres with chitosan and alginate induces both innate and adaptive immune responses which persist up to 63 days of post immunization through parenteral immunization unlike that of free and fia adjuvented antigens. these results highlight the role of these microspheres as an adjuvant/antigen ca ...201222633870
cystatin b homolog from rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic characterization, transcriptional profiling and protease-inhibitory activity of recombinant protein.cysteine proteases are present in all living organisms and, in animals, function in a vast array of physiological and pathological processes. cysteine protease inhibitors act upon the cysteine proteases to regulate their activity. the cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors has members represented in all living organisms studied to date. here, we report the identification of a new member of the family 1 cystatin in oplegnathus fasciatus rock bream (denoted as rbcyt b) and the charac ...201222626887
recombinant interferon-γ activates immune responses against edwardsiella tarda infection in the olive flounder, paralichthys olivaceus.interferon gamma (ifn-γ) is a cytokine that plays a very important role in defining th1 immune response in all vertebrates. in this study, recombinant ifn-γ (rifn-γ) from the olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) was produced in an escherichia coli system using a pet expression vector. stimulation of whole kidney leukocytes (immune-related cells) in vitro with the resulting rifn-γ significantly induced the gene expression of interleukin-1β (il-1β), signal transducer and activator of transcript ...201222609730
edwardsiella tarda eta1, an in vivo-induced antigen that is involved in host infection.edwardsiella tarda, a gram-negative bacterium, is a severe fish pathogen that can also infect humans. in this study, we identified, via in vivo-induced antigen technology, an e. tarda antigen, eta1, and analyzed its function in a japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) model. eta1 is composed of 226 residues and shares homology with putative bacterial adhesins. quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr analysis indicated that when cultured in vitro, eta1 expression was growth phas ...201222585967
structures of a unique o-polysaccharide of edwardsiella tarda pcm 1153 containing an amide of galacturonic acid with 2-aminopropane-1,3-diol and an abequose-containing o-polysaccharide shared by e. tarda pcm 1145, pcm 1151 and pcm 1158.lipopolysaccharides of four strains of edwardsiella tarda were degraded by mild acid hydrolysis, and the released o-polysaccharides were isolated by gpc and studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, including 2d (1)h, (1)h cosy, tocsy, roesy, (1)h, (13)c hmbc, hsqc and hsqc-tocsy experiments. the o-polysaccharide from e. tarda pcm 1153 was found to contain d-gala, d-glcnac, d-gal and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol (gron). in the tetrasaccharide repeating unit ...201222578768
development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect five common gram-negative bacteria of aquatic animals.a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) technique was developed as a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for identifying five major gram-negative bacilli -vibrio vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, aeromonas hydrophila, chryseobacterium meningosepticum and edwardsiella tarda- that cause major diseases in cultured aquatic animals in taiwan. the expected amplicons for v. vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, a. hydrophila, c. meningosepticum and e. tarda were 410, 368, 685, 180 and 230bp, respectivel ...201222571515
identification and characterization of a hepcidin from half-smooth tongue sole cynoglossus semilaevis.hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, has a dual function including innate immunity and iron regulation. here, based on the sequence of an est database, we have isolated and characterized a hepcidin gene (referred to as cshepcidin) from half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis). analysis of the coding regions indicated cshepcidin gene comprised 3 exons and 2 introns. the putative cshepcidin showed a great similarity to other hepcidin orthologues, particularly with respect to its 24 aa signa ...201222565018
recombinant aeromonas hydrophila outer membrane protein 48 (omp48) induces a protective immune response against aeromonas hydrophila and edwardsiella tarda.the gene coding for an outer membrane protein omp48 of aeromonas hydrophila isolated from an infected fish was cloned and sequenced. analysis of nucleotide sequence showed the omp48 gene to be an adhesin encoding a protein of 426 amino acids with high identity to the omp48 gene of aeromonas veronii, another fish pathogen. the gene belonged to the maltoporin group of porins and had high similarity to lamb porins of a. hydrophila, aeromonas salmonicida and vibrio parahaemolyticus. the expressed pu ...201222564558
generation of a temperature-sensitive edwardsiella tarda mutant and its potential as a prophylactic vaccine in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).the aim of this study was to generate temperature-sensitive edwardsiella tarda mutant and to evaluate potential of the mutant as a vaccine in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).201222563810
caspase 3 from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): genomic characterization and transcriptional profiling upon bacterial and viral inductions.caspase 3 is a prominent mediator of apoptosis and participates in the cell death signaling cascade. in this study, caspase 3 was identified (rbcasp3) and characterized from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). the full-length cdna of rbcasp3 is 2683 bp and contains an open reading frame of 849 bp, which encodes a 283 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 31.2 kda and isoelectric point of 6.31. the amino acid sequence resembles the conventional caspase 3 domain architecture, incl ...201222554851
molecular cloning and characterization of nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-1 (nod1) receptor in the indian major carp, rohu (labeo rohita), and analysis of its inductive expression and down-stream signalling molecules following ligands exposure and gram-negative bacterial infections.nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-1 (nod1) is a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (prr), and is a member of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family. it senses a wide range of bacteria and viruses or their products, and plays a key role in inducing innate immunity. in this report, nod1 gene was cloned and characterized in rohu (labeo rohita), a fish species of highest commercial importance in the indian subcontinent. the full-length rohu nod1 (rnod1) cdna comprised of 3168 bp with a ...201222530240
molecular identification and expression analysis of two distinct bpi/lbps (bactericidal permeability-increasing protein/lps-binding protein) from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.we identified two cdnas designated as rbbpi/lbp-1 and rbbpi/lbp2, respectively, which were identified by expressed sequence tag (est) analysis of a lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated rock bream liver cdna library. the two cdna displayed 36.9% identity at the translated amino acid level. despite the low level of identity between the two genes, high conservation was seen in the bpi/lbp/cetp n-terminal, lps-binding, the proline-rich central and the bpi/lbp/cetp c-terminal domains. the full-length ...201222521422
edwardsiella tarda flagellar protein flgd: a protective immunogen against edwardsiellosis.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterium and a causative agent of edwardsiellosis, resulting to severe loss of the aquaculture industry. in this study, based on the reverse vaccinology, sixteen flagellar proteins were selected from highly pathogenic e. tarda eib202 genome information and in silico analyzed as potential vaccine candidates. among them, ten recombinant proteins were highly expressed in escherichia coli and successfully purified. the immunoprotective potentials of these purif ...201222521284
birc7 gene in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus): identification and expression analysis in response to edwardsiella tarda, streptococcus iniae and channel catfish hemorrhage reovirus.a family member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (iap) termed baculoviral iap repeat-containing 7 (birc7) from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) was identified, the full length cdna sequence of channel catfish birc7 (ccbirc7) was 1686 bp, containing a 5'utr of 93 bp, a 3'utr of 399 bp with a poly (a) tail and an orf of 1194 bp encoding a putative protein of 398 amino acids. the putative ccbirc7 protein contains two bir super-family conservative domains and a c-terminal ring finger motif. ph ...201222510211
a novel acute phase reactant, serum amyloid a-like 1, from oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic and molecular characterization and transcriptional expression analysis.acute phase response is a significant component of innate immunity, playing a vital role in the signaling processes and elimination of invading pathogens. acute phase proteins are synthesized in liver and secreted into the blood for transportation to an infection site, where the defense function is exerted. serum amyloid a (saa) and c-reactive proteins are the major positive acute phase proteins. in this study, we have identified and characterized a novel saa related gene from rock bream (oplegn ...201222504166
multi-locus sequence analysis (mlsa) of edwardsiella tarda isolates from fish.edwardsiella tarda is an enteric fish pathogen that has caused significant economic losses in a range of fish species residing in diverse ecological conditions. several molecular methods relying on dna fingerprinting (rapd, rflp and eric-pcr) and the gyrb gene marker have been used to characterize e. tarda isolates. however, all had drawbacks in resolving power and reproducibility. the present study was aimed at developing a novel multi-locus sequence analysis (mlsa) scheme for genetic character ...201222464156
overexpression of mlta in edwardsiella tarda reduces resistance to antibiotics and enhances lethality in zebra fish.the aim of this study was to investigate the role of membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase a (mlta) in a bacterial fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda.201222443589
isolation of edwardsiella tarda from a sea lion and two alligators.edwardsiella tarda was isolated from a sea lion and 2 alligators on 3 separate occasions. the 3 isolates were not serologically identical. specific pathologic effects of e. tarda could not be determined.196622413194
novel brain lesions caused by edwardsiella tarda in a red tilapia (oreochromis spp.).the histological lesions caused by edwardsiella tarda in a variety of fish species, including tilapia, have been well characterized. there are apparent differences in the type of inflammatory response manifested by these different species, which may be due to the fish species itself, the phase of infection, or the virulence factors produced by different strains of e. tarda. in catfish, systemic abscesses involving muscles of the flank or caudal peduncle are the most common lesions. by contrast, ...201222379061
comparative analysis of the roles of catalases katb and katg in the physiological fitness and pathogenesis of fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda.the aim of this study was to reveal functional redundancy and variation of the two catalases katb and katg in edwardsiella tarda.201222348484
large antibiotic-resistance plasmid of edwardsiella tarda contributes to virulence in fish.edwardsiella tarda, an enteric gram negative bacterium, infects a wide range of fish and causes a systemic fish disease called edwardsiellosis. e. tarda ck41, isolated from japanese flounder diagnosed with edwardsiellosis, has exhibited a high degree of resistance to multiple antibiotics, including kanamycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, among others. as the bacterial antibiotic-resistance genes are usually contained in plasmids, we hypothesized that e. tarda ck41 may harbor one or more plasmids ...201222342431
potential of auxotrophic edwardsiella tarda double-knockout mutant as a delivery vector for dna vaccine in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).to evaluate potential of an auxotrophic edwardsiella tarda mutant (δalr δasd e. tarda) as a delivery vehicle for dna vaccine in fish, olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) were immunized with the e. tarda mutant harboring plasmids (pg02-asd-cmv-egfp) for eukaryotic expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene through either intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral route, and the expression of egfp in the internal organs and generation of antibody against egfp in fish were analyzed. i ...201222325745
immunogenicity of pressure inactivated edwardsiella tarda bacterin to anguilla japonica (japanese eel).japanese eel anguilla japonica were immunized with inactivated edwardsiella tarda bacterin preparations (formalin-killed cells, fkc (0.4%), formalin with heat-killed cells, fhkc (0.1% and 70 degreesc for 10 min), heat-killed cells, hkc (70 degrees c for 15 min), potassium chloride-killed cells, kkc (0.6%), tannic acid-killed cells, tkc (0.9%), citric acid-killed cells, cakc (0.9%), pressure-killed cells, pkc (600 psi for 5 min) and electric current-killed cells, eckc (100 ma at 12 v dc for 5 sec ...201122303581
a teleostean angiotensinogen from oplegnathus fasciatus responses to immune and injury challenges.angiotensinogen (agt) is the precursor of the renin-angiotensin system and contributes to osmoregulation, acute-phase and immune responses. a full-length cdna of the agt (2004 bp with a 1389 bp coding region) was isolated from rock bream (rb), oplegnathus fasciatus. the encoded polypeptide of 463 amino acids had a predicted molecular mass of 51.6 kda. rbagt possessed a deduced signal peptide of 22 residues upstream of a putative angiotensin i sequence ((23)nrvyvhpfhl(32)). rbagt possessed a spec ...201222300787
inv1: an edwardsiella tarda invasin and a protective immunogen that is required for host infection.invasin is an outer membrane protein that is known to mediate entry of enteric bacteria into mammalian cells. in this study, we analyzed the function and immunoprotective potential of the invasin inv1 from edwardsiella tarda, a serious fish pathogen that can also infect humans. in silico analysis indicated that inv1 possesses a conserved n-terminal duf3442 domain and a c-terminal group 1 bacterial ig-like domain. subcellular localization analysis showed that inv1 is exposed on cell surface and c ...201222289712
edwardsiella tarda dnak: expression, activity, and the basis for the construction of a bivalent live vaccine against e. tarda and streptococcus iniae.edwardsiella tarda and streptococcus iniae are important aquaculture pathogens that affect many species of farmed fish. in this study, we analyzed the expression, activity, and immunoprotective potential of e. tarda heat shock protein dnak. we found that dnak expression was upregulated under conditions of heat shock, oxidative stress, and infection of host cells. recombinant dnak (rdnak) purified from escherichia coli exhibited atpase activity and induced protection in japanese flounder (paralic ...201222281608
a time-course study of immune response in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus exposed to heavy oil.the immunotoxicities of oil and its components on fish immunities have been investigated, but there is little literature on the recovery of the fish from the immune suppression. therefore, the recovery of japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus from an immunosuppressive effect due to heavy oil (ho) exposure was investigated in this study.201222246643
characterization of edwardsiella tarda rpon: roles in σ(70) family regulation, growth, stress adaption and virulence toward fish.edwardsiella tarda eib202, a gram-negative pathogen with strong virulence, is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing edwardsiellosis with high mortality to fish. alternative sigma factor 54 (rpon) is an important regulator of virulence and stress resistance genes in many bacterial species and mainly responsible for transcription of genes in nitrogen utilization. in this study, the in-frame rpon deletion mutant was constructed to analyze the function of rpon in edwardsiella tarda firstly. c ...201222231477
effect of heavy oil exposure on antibacterial activity and expression of immune-related genes in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus.heavy oil (ho) pollution is one of the most important environmental issues globally. however, little is known about the immunotoxicity of ho in fish. we therefore investigated the effects of ho exposure on immunocompetence and expression of immune-related genes in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. to test immunocompetency, serum collected from the fish was mixed with edwardsiella tarda, plated, and the resultant number of bacterial colonies was counted. plates with serum from ho-exposed ...201222228536
systematic mutation analysis of two-component signal transduction systems reveals esra-esrb and phop-phoq as the major virulence regulators in edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative broad-host-range pathogen that causes hemorrhagic septicemia in many commercially important fish species. its ability to adapt to and thrive in diverse environments outside and inside of its hosts prompts us to investigate the roles of the previously identified 33 putative two-component signal transduction systems (tcss) in e. tarda. in this work, we successfully constructed deletion mutations in each of the response regulator genes, suggesting that none of ...201122227416
study on the immune enhancement of different immunoadjuvants used in the pentavalent vaccine for turbots.in this study, we investigated the immune enhancing effects of different adjuvants used in a pentavalent vaccine for turbots. the pentavalent vaccine consisted of inactive bacterial cells from five common pathogenic strains (vibrio anguillarum, vibrio scophtalmi, edwardsiella tarda, vibrio harveyi and vibrio alginolyticus) and the adjuvants were astragalus polysaccharides (aps), propolis, and the freund's complete adjuvant (fca). turbots were immunized with the pentavalent vaccine alone or with ...201122178783
Molecular characterization of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), analysis of its inductive expression and associated down-stream signaling molecules following ligands exposure and bacterial infection in the Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita).Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the key components of innate immunity. Among various TLR types, TLR2 is involved in recognizing specific microbial structures such as peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), zymosan etc., and after binding them it triggers myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent signaling pathway to induce various cytokines. In this report, TLR2 gene was cloned and characterized in rohu (Labeo rohita), which is highly commercially important f ...201122173272
first description of edwardsiella tarda in senegalese sole, solea senegalensis (kaup). 201222168457
detection of edwardsiella tarda by fluorometric or biosensor methods using a peptide ligand.in this study, we identified a peptide ligand for edwardsiella tarda from a phage peptide library and tested two approaches for sensitive detection of the bacteria with the peptide labeled with fluorescein or biotin. at first, the fluorescent peptide was proved to be advantageous in the fluorescence polarization (fp) assay because sensitivity of the assay is maximized when a fluorophore is linked to a small molecule. the fp assay using the fluorescent peptide enabled detection of e. tarda in a r ...201122155055
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.The gene encoding nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) was cloned from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and the role played by NOD1 during Edwardsiella tarda infection was evaluated. The complete open reading frame of NOD1 was 2820bp in length, encoding a 939-amino acid polypeptide. The NOD1 protein contains three conserved domain structures including C-terminal LRRs, a central NACHT motif, and an N-terminal CARD domain, which show similarities of 49-74% to those of other ve ...201122142819
Identification of plasma-responsive outer membrane proteins and their vaccine potential in Edwardsiella tarda using proteomic approach.We have used differential sub-proteomic methodologies to detect Edwardsiella tarda outer membrane (OM) protein expression regulation during interaction with fish and human plasma, which is the critical step of the bacterial invasion internal organs via blood circulation. Seven and nine OM proteins were differentially expressed in response to fish and human plasma stress, respectively. Six proteins, TolB2, ETAE_2935, ETAE_0245, EvpA, ETAE_2675 and OmpA, were the shared proteins with the similar c ...201122137900
crohn's disease exacerbation induced by edwardsiella tarda gastroenteritis.exacerbations of crohn's disease are not infrequently associated with bacterial gastroenteritis. the recognition of synchronous infections in such patients is vital for the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. furthermore, the detection of active bacterial infections may lead the clinician to delay starting biological therapy. we report here a man presenting with an exacerbation of his crohn's disease during a trip to thailand. stool cultures were positive for the unusual gut pathoge ...201122125507
Phenoloxidase in the scallop Chlamys farreri: Purification and antibacterial activity of its reaction products generated in vitro.Phenoloxidase (PO) was purified from hemocytes of the scallop Chlamys farreri using native-PAGE and gel permeation column chromatography, and then substrate specificity and antibacterial activity generated from reaction products of purified PO were analyzed. The results showed purified PO had a molecular mass of 576 kDa in native-PAGE and 53 kDa in denatured PAGE, and could catalyze the substrates L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), dopamine, catechol and hydroquinone suggesting it is a type ...201222119576
inductive expression of toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) and associated downstream signaling molecules following ligand exposure and bacterial infection in the indian major carp, mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala).toll-like receptors (tlrs) are one of the key components of innate immunity. among various types of tlrs, tlr5 is involved in recognizing bacterial flagellin and after binding, it triggers myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (myd88)-dependent signaling pathway to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines. in this report, we analyzed the expression profile of tlr5 and its associated downstream signaling molecules like myd88 and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor-associated factor (traf) 6 ...201222085689
determination of the heterogeneous interactome between edwardsiella tarda and fish gills.edwardsiellosis caused by edwardsiella tarda is a frequent occurrence throughout the world and has resulted in extensive losses in aquaculture. however, information regarding to protein-protein interaction between the pathogenic cells and host is not available although the portal of entry of the pathogen is determined. in this study, fish gill and bacterial pull-down approaches were used to isolate both bacterial outer membrane proteins that bind to gills and fish gill proteins that interact wit ...201122079874
Characterization of anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and chemical compositions of Peperomia pellucida leaf extract.Peperomia pellucida leaf extract was characterized for its anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities, and chemical compositions. Anticancer activity of P. pellucida leaf extract was determined through Colorimetric MTT (tetrazolium) assay against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line and the antimicrobial property of the plant extract was revealed by using two-fold broth micro-dilution method against 10 bacterial isolates. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract was then charact ...201122071643
molecular characterisation and expression analysis of a fish-egg lectin in rock bream, and its response to bacterial or viral infection.a fish-egg lectin, rbfel, was identified from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) and its expression analysed. in both vertebrates and invertebrates, carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) play an important role in innate immunity against microbial invasion. here, we report the cloning of a fish-egg lectin from rock bream using a combination of expression sequence tag (est) analyses. the full-length cdna of rbfel is composed of 1512-bp with a 780-bp orf that encodes 259 amino acid residues. the ...201122056500
the effect of metals on condition and pathologies of european eel (anguilla anguilla): in situ and laboratory experiments.forty-nine wild eels (anguilla anguilla) caught in the albufera lake (spain), measuring 24.0-75.0cm in length and 25.0-637.7g in weight, were examined for metals (cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, pb, se and zn), condition (ci and hsi indices), as well as for diseases (anguillicola infestation; bacterial infections). total metal load significantly increased in eel liver tissue parallel to total length and body weight (log), while silvering females (w(b)>200g; l≥500mm) exhibited the highest amounts of ...201122030412
Secreted glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a broad spectrum vaccine candidate against microbial infection in aquaculture.Aims: Subcellullar localizations and cross-immunities of GAPDHs from six common pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture were investigated. Methods and Results: Subcellullar localizations of GAPDHs of Edwardsiella tarda EIB202, Edwardsiella ictaluri ATCC33202, Aeromonas hydrophila LSA34, Vibrio anguillarum MVM425, Vibrio alginolyticus EPGS020401 and Vibrio harveyi VIB647 were analysed with Western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry examinations. Immunoprotections of different r ...201222017642
Differential resistance to edwardsiellosis in rohu (Labeo rohita) families selected previously for higher growth and/or aeromoniasis-resistance.Selection in fish for disease resistance is one of the most useful approaches to solve disease problems. Genetic variation in resistance to edwardsiellosis in fullsib families of rohu, Labeo rohita was investigated in the present study. A large variation in the susceptibility pattern (0 to 94.74 percent survival) against Edwardsiella tarda challenge was observed among 57 families. Additive genetic variation showed a heritability of 0.38?±?0.08 across the year-class survival. The apparent resista ...201122012677
edwardsiella tarda-a case report.edwardsiella tarda, a bacterium associated with fresh water ecosystems, can cause life-threatening illnesses in susceptible hosts. to date, very few cases of neonatal edwardsiella tarda sepsis have been reported in the literature, none from india. the author reports a 4-d-old preterm with e. tarda septicemia.201122012143
comparison of static immersion and intravenous injection systems for exposure of zebrafish embryos to the natural pathogen edwardsiella tarda.the zebrafish embryo is an important in vivo model to study the host innate immune response towards microbial infection. in most zebrafish infectious disease models, infection is achieved by micro-injection of bacteria into the embryo. alternatively, edwardsiella tarda, a natural fish pathogen, has been used to treat embryos by static immersion. in this study we used transcriptome profiling and quantitative rt-pcr to analyze the immune response induced by e. tarda immersion and injection.201122003892
Genetic relationships of Edwardsiella strains isolated in China aquaculture revealed by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting and investigation of Edwardsiella virulence genes.The aim of this study was to classify Edwardsiella strains isolated from China aquaculture based on biochemical and molecular methods.201121974718
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