| identification of genes associated with the penetration activity of the human type of edwardsiella tarda edwgii through human colon epithelial cell monolayers. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen with a broad host range including fish and humans. e. tarda causes gastrointestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans. in present study, the penetration activities of 22 strains of e. tarda, including 10 human isolates and 12 diseased fish isolates, through caco-2 cell monolayers were evaluated. all the human isolates exhibited penetration activity in contrast to the fish isolates, which did not. in order to identify genes responsible for pen ... | 2016 | 27057670 |
| the role of regulator eha in edwardsiella tarda pathogenesis and virulence gene transcription. | edwardsiella tarda is a pathogen with a broad host range that infects both animals and humans. eha is a new transcriptional regulator identified in et13, which is involved in the bacterial hemolytic activity. this study explored the effect of the eha in the pathogenesis of e. tarda and the transcriptional regulation of the bacterial virulence genes (esec, flic, pagc and fima). our results found that the virulence of the eha mutant was 2.5-fold less than the one of its wild et13 by ld50 in a muri ... | 2016 | 27038844 |
| thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 from oplegnathus fasciatus: molecular characterization, expression against immune stimuli, and biological activities related to oxidative stress. | thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 (txndc12) is a small, disulfide-containing protein that belongs to the thioredoxin (txn) superfamily. in the present study, we identified and characterized a txndc12-like gene, designated oftxndc12, from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus. oftxndc12 consists of seven exons interrupted by six introns. comparative genomic structural analysis revealed that the txndc12 of vertebrates is a structurally conserved gene. the coding sequence of oftxndc12 comprises ... | 2016 | 27026037 |
| histologic and molecular characterization of edwardsiella piscicida infection in largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides). | the genus edwardsiella is composed of a diverse group of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria that can produce disease in a wide variety of hosts, including birds, reptiles, mammals, and fish. our report describes the isolation and identification of edwardsiella piscicida associated with chronic mortality events in 2 separate captive largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides) populations in new york and florida. wet-mount biopsies of skin mucus, gill, kidney, and spleen from several affect ... | 2016 | 26951328 |
| a prebiotic effect of ecklonia cava on the growth and mortality of olive flounder infected with pathogenic bacteria. | olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus), also known as the japanese flounder in japan, is one of the most important commercial marine finfish species cultured in korea and japan. the purpose of this study was to evaluate how a species of brown algae (ecklonia cava, e. cava) affects the growth rate of olive flounder and its immune response to pathogenic bacteria. first, the experimental fish were divided into four groups: the control group was fed the diet containing only 1.0% lactobacillus plant ... | 2016 | 26921543 |
| identification and molecular characterization of peroxiredoxin 6 from japanese eel (anguilla japonica) revealing its potent antioxidant properties and putative immune relevancy. | peroxiredoxins (prdx) are thiol specific antioxidant enzymes that play a pivotal role in cellular oxidative stress by reducing toxic peroxide compounds into nontoxic products. in this study, we identified and characterized a peroxiredoxin 6 counterpart from japanese eel (anguilla japonica) (ajprdx6) at molecular, transcriptional and protein level. the identified full-length coding sequence of ajprdx6 (669 bp) coded for a polypeptide of 223 aa residues (24.9 kda). deduced protein of ajprdx6 showe ... | 2016 | 26911410 |
| edwardsiella tarda endocarditis confirmed by indium-111 white blood cell scan: an unusual pathogen and diagnostic modality. | edwardsiella tarda is a freshwater marine member of the family enterobacteriaceae which often colonizes fish, lizards, snakes, and turtles but is an infrequent human pathogen. indium-111- ((111)in-) labeled white blood cell (wbc) scintigraphy is an imaging modality which has a wide range of reported sensitivity and specificity (from 60 to 100% and from 68 to 92%, resp.) for diagnosing acute and chronic infection. we describe a case of suspected e. tarda prosthetic aortic valve and mitral valve e ... | 2016 | 26885418 |
| identification and characterization of a novel nod-like receptor family card domain containing 3 gene in response to extracellular atp stimulation and its role in regulating lps-induced innate immune response in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) head kidney macrophages. | nucleotide oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptor (nlr) family with a caspase activation and recruitment domain (card) containing 3 (nlrc3) protein is an important cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that negatively regulates innate immune response in mammals. hitherto, the immunological significance of nlrc3 protein in fish remains largely uncharacterized. here we identified and characterized a novel nlrc3 gene (named ponlrc3) implicated in regulation of fish innate immunity from japanes ... | 2016 | 26820104 |
| antimicrobial response of galectin-1 from rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus: molecular, transcriptional, and biological characterization. | in this study, we describe the identification and characterization of a proto type galectin, galectin-1, from rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus (ofgal-1). galectins are evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate binding lectins that show a wide range of functions related to development and immune physiology. they have been identified as pattern recognition receptors of innate immune system that recognize a broad range of microbes. ofgal-1 cdna comprised of 993 bp with an open reading frame of 408 bp t ... | 2016 | 26792759 |
| identification of endonuclease domain-containing 1 gene in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | the mrna level of the endonuclease domain-containing 1 gene (jf_endod1) in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus kidney was significantly increased after injection of formalin-killed bacteria cells (fkc) in the previous microarray study. endod1 is a member of the dna/rna non-specific nucleases family, and its role in fish immunity has not been reported. the open reading frame of jf_endod1 cdna was 912 bp, encoding 303 amino acids. the first 27 amino acids were predicted to be a signal peptide ... | 2016 | 26784919 |
| [expression of edwardsiella tarda luxs gene at different growth stage]. | purpose of this work was to explore the distribution of luxs/ai-2 quorum sensing system in edwardsiella, and analyze expression characteristics and biological function of the key gene luxs accompanying the growth of edwardsiella. | 2015 | 26762033 |
| first comparative characterization of three distinct ferritin subunits from a teleost: evidence for immune-responsive mrna expression and iron depriving activity of seahorse (hippocampus abdominalis) ferritins. | ferritins play an indispensable role in iron homeostasis through their iron-withholding function in living beings. in the current study, cdna sequences of three distinct ferritin subunits, including a ferritin h, a ferritin m, and a ferritin l, were identified from big belly seahorse, hippocampus abdominalis, and molecularly characterized. complete coding sequences (cds) of seahorse ferritin h (haferh), ferritin m (haferm), and ferritin l (haferl) subunits were comprised of 531, 528, and 522 bas ... | 2016 | 26747640 |
| edwardsiella tarda bacteremia. a rare but fatal water- and foodborne infection: review of the literature and clinical cases from a single centre. | edwardsiella tarda bacteremia (etb) can be a fatal disease in humans. | 2017 | 26744588 |
| construction and immune protection evaluation of recombinant polyvalent ompas derived from genetically divergent ompa by dna shuffling. | a wide variety of bacterial infections is a major challenge in aquaculture. development of polyvalent vaccines that can fight against as many pathogens as possible is especially necessary. the present study uses dna shuffling to create a new hybrid ompa with improved cross-protection against vibrio alginolyticus and edwardsiella tarda through the recombination of six ompa genes from vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. alginolyticus, e. tarda and escherichia coli. out of the 43 recombinant chimeras genes ... | 2016 | 26707781 |
| coagulation factor ii from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): first report on the molecular biological function and expression analysis in the teleost. | the rapid haemostasis of fish prevents bleeding or infection that could be caused by physical properties of the aquatic environment. additionally, the innate immune system is the first line of defence against infection and is responsible for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which are important for the activation of acquired immune responses. coagulation factor ii (cfii) is an important factor in the coagulation system and is involved in recognition and interaction with ... | 2016 | 26626585 |
| a galectin related protein from oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic, molecular, transcriptional features and biological responses against microbial pathogens. | galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are subsequently involved in the opsonization, phagocytosis, complement activation, and killing of microbes. here, we report a novel galectin related protein (grp) identified from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), designated ofgal like b. the cdna of ofgal like b is 517 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 438 bp, encoding 145 amino acids, with a s ... | 2016 | 26615008 |
| molecular, genomic, and expressional delineation of a piscidin from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) with evidence for the potent antimicrobial activities of of-pis1 peptide. | the piscidin family comprises a group of antimicrobial peptides (amps) that are vital components of teleost innate immunity. piscidins protect the host from pathogens, through multifaceted roles as immunomodulators and anti-infective peptides. the present study reports the identification, and characterization of a putative piscidin homolog, of-pis1, from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). a combined genomic and transcriptomic approach revealed that the of-pis1 gene comprises 1396 nucleotides (n ... | 2016 | 26549174 |
| analysis of zebrafish (danio rerio) behavior in response to bacterial infection using a self-organizing map. | animal behavioral responses have been recently established as a suitable tool for detecting contaminants in the environment for risk assessment in situ. in this study, we observed movement behavior of zebrafish (danio rerio) before and after infection with edwardsiella tarda ck41 for 3 days until death. | 2015 | 26497220 |
| immune responses of flounder paralichthys olivaceus vaccinated by immersion of formalin-inactivated edwardsiella tarda following hyperosmotic treatment. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of hyperosmotic immersion (hi) vaccination and determine the optimum hyperosmotic salinity for flounder paralichthys olivaceus by investigating its immune responses following vaccination. flounder were immersed in 1 of 3 hyperosmotic solutions at 50, 60 and 70‰ salinity, then transferred into 30‰ salinity normal seawater containing formalin-inactivated edwardsiella tarda for vaccination (3 hi groups), or were immersed in normal seawater as ... | 2015 | 26480914 |
| first description of programmed cell death10 (pdcd10) in rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): potential relations to the regulation of apoptosis by several pathogens. | in this study, we isolated and characterized programmed cell death10 (pdcd10), which is known to be related to apoptosis, from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). the full-length rock bream pdcd10 (rbpdcd10) cdna (1459 bp) contains an open reading frame of 633 bp that encodes 210 amino acids. furthermore, multiple alignments revealed that the six of the α-helix bundles were well conserved among the other pdcd10 sequences tested. rbpdcd10 was significantly expressed in the liver, rbc (red blood c ... | 2016 | 26472617 |
| gene expression and functional characterization of serum amyloid p component 2 in rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus. | mammalian serum amyloid p component (sap) recognizes a wide range of exogenous pathogenic substances and activates a complementary pathway leading to pathogen clearance. to determine the potential roles of sap in the fish immune system, sap (rbsap2) gene was cloned from ests analysis of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), which consisted of a signal peptide and pentraxin domain. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the rbsap2 gene was classified with other known fish saps. rbsap2 was highly expre ... | 2015 | 26455663 |
| pharmacokinetics, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship, and withdrawal period of amoxicillin sodium in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | 1. the pharmacokinetics (pk) and withdrawal period of amoxicillin sodium in olive flounder and its activity against pathogenic bacteria of olive flounder were investigated. 2. intramuscular administration (12.5 or 125 mg/kg, n = 160) and hplc analysis of sera were used. 3. rapid absorption (tmax 2.6 and 2.2 h), prolonged action (terminal half-life, 15.52 and 10.42 h; mrt, 18.79 and 14.44 h), and dose-proportional exposure (auc0-∞, 273.69 and 2755.37 h. μg/ml) were observed after 12.5 and 125 mg/ ... | 2016 | 26407038 |
| live edwardsiella tarda vaccine enhances innate immunity by metabolic modulation in zebrafish. | control of bacterial infection resides in the core of human health and sustainable animal breeding. vaccines as an economic and efficient immunoprophylaxis have been widely accepted, but mechanisms for vaccines do not fully understand. information regarding to metabolome in response to vaccines is not available. here we explore the metabolic features by using gc/ms based metabolic profile and trace metabolic mechanisms in zebrafish (dario rerio) in response to live edwardsiella tarda vaccine. pa ... | 2015 | 26394266 |
| gene structure, molecular characterization and transcriptional expression of two p38 isoforms (mapk11 and mapk14) from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). | the p38 kinases are one of the four subgroups of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) superfamily which are involved in the innate immunity. the p38 subfamily that includes four members namely p38α (mapk14), p38β (mapk11), p38γ (mapk12) and p38δ (mapk13), regulates the activation of several transcription factors. in this study, a p38β (ofmapk11) homolog and a p38α (ofmapk14) homolog of oplegnathus fasciatus were identified at genomic level. results clearly showed that both mapk11 and mapk14 a ... | 2015 | 26363230 |
| molecular characterization of purinergic receptor p2x4 involved in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) innate immune response and its interaction with atp release channel pannexin1. | p2x4 receptor (p2x4r) is a member of trimeric atp-gated receptor channel family. despite the importance of p2x4r in innate immunity has been addressed in mammals, the immunological significance of p2x4r has not been characterized in fish. in the present study we identified a full-length p2x4r cdna sequence from japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus (termed pop2x4r) by rt-pcr and race approaches and analyzed its gene expression patterns under normal and immune challenge conditions. qualitative ... | 2015 | 26321132 |
| enhanced immune response and resistance to edwardsiellosis following dietary chitooligosaccharide supplementation in the olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary chitooligosaccharide (cos) supplementation on peripheral leukocyte count, head kidney leukocyte phagocytic rate, phagocytic index, respiratory burst activity, serum lysozyme activity, and immune protection in paralichthys olivaceus. a total of 300 flounder with an average body weight of 80-100 g were randomly assigned into four dietary groups: (i) basic diet (control), basic diet containing (ii) 0.5% cos, and (iii) 1% cos, fed continuou ... | 2015 | 26314523 |
| roles of rpos in yersinia pseudotuberculosis stress survival, motility, biofilm formation and type vi secretion system expression. | rpos (σ(s)), the stationary phase/stress σ factor, controls the expression of a large number of genes involved in cellular responses to a variety of stresses. however, the role of rpos appears to differ in different bacteria. while rpos is an important regulator of flagellum biosynthesis, it is associated with biofilm development in edwardsiella tarda. biofilms are dense communities formed by bacteria and are important for microbe survival under unfavorable conditions. the type vi secretion syst ... | 2015 | 26310305 |
| recombinant sialidase nana (rnana) cleaves α2-3 linked sialic acid of host cell surface n-linked glycoprotein to promote edwardsiella tarda infection. | edwardsiella tarda is one of the major pathogenic bacteria affecting both marine and freshwater fish species. sialidase nana expressed endogenously in e. tarda is glycosidase removing sialic acids from glycoconjugates. recently, the relationship of nana sialidase activity to e. tarda infection has been reported, however, the mechanism with which sialidase nana aids the pathogenicity of e. tarda remained unclear. here, we comprehensively determined the biochemical properties of nana towards vario ... | 2015 | 26291491 |
| characterization of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) complement components c1r and c1s in terms of molecular aspects, genomic modulation, and immune responsive transcriptional profiles following bacterial and viral pathogen exposure. | the complement components c1r and c1s play a crucial role in innate immunity via activation of the classical complement cascade system. as initiators of the pathogen-induced signaling cascade, c1r and c1s modulate innate immunity. in order to understand the immune responses of teleost c1r and c1s, oplegnathus fasciatus c1r and c1s genes (ofc1r and ofc1s) were identified and characterized. the genomic sequence of ofc1r was enclosed with thirteen exons that represented a putative peptide with 704 ... | 2015 | 26241508 |
| first report of edwardsiellosis in cage-cultured sharpsnout sea bream, diplodus puntazzo from the mediterranean. | edwardsiella tarda, is a serious bacterial pathogen affecting a broad range of aquaculture fish species. the bacterium has also been reported as a human pathogen, however recent studies have dissociated the fish pathogenic edwardsiella from those isolated from humans by placing them in a new species, e. piscicida. here we report the first case of edwardsiellosis in cultured sharpsnout sea breams, diplodus puntazzo in greece. | 2015 | 26193880 |
| starvation beneficially influences the liver physiology and nutrient metabolism in edwardsiella tarda infected red sea bream (pagrus major). | dietary compromises, especially food restrictions, possess species-specific effects on the health status and infection control in several organisms, including fish. to understand the starvation-mediated physiological responses in edwardsiella tarda infected red sea bream, especially in the liver, we performed a 20-day starvation experiment using 4 treatment (2 fed and 2 starved) groups, namely, fed-placebo, starved-placebo, fed-infected, and starved-infected, wherein bacterial exposure was done ... | 2015 | 26188170 |
| endoscopic ultrasonography-guided transmural drainage of an infected hepatic cyst due to edwardsiella tarda: a case report. | infected hepatic cysts are very rare compared to simple liver cysts and abscesses. we treated a 77-year-old man with an infected hepatic cyst in the lateral segment caused by edwardsiella tarda, which has not been previously reported as a pathogenic organism associated with infected hepatic cysts. percutaneous drainage was temporarily effective, but infection recurred after the drainage tube was removed. we then inserted two drainage tubes into the cyst using an endoscopic ultrasonography (eus)- ... | 2014 | 26184023 |
| immune response of flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) was associated with the concentration of inactivated edwardsiella tarda and immersion time. | in the optimization of immersion strategy, vaccine concentration and immersion time are two key factors needed to be considered, which largely determined the immune efficacy. in this work, the healthy flounder were vaccinated in formalin-killed edwardsiella tarda at four concentrations (10(6), 10(7), 10(8), 10(9) cfu ml(-1)) for three immersion times (30, 60, 90 min), respectively. at the 6th week post vaccination, the flounders were challenged with live e. tarda, and the relative percent surviv ... | 2015 | 26163937 |
| a homolog of kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus: molecular insights and transcriptional modulation in response to microbial and pamp stimulation, and tissue injury. | serine proteases and their inhibitors play vital roles in diverse biological processes. in this study, we identified and characterized cdna coding for a kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (spi), which we designated as rbkspi, in a commercially important species, rock bream. the full-length cdna sequence of rbkspi consisted of 2452 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 1521 bp encoding a polypeptide of 507 amino acid (aa) residues. in the rbkspi protein, manec, pkd, ldla, and two kunitz domai ... | 2015 | 26162478 |
| identification and expression analysis of nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha gene in response to immune challenges in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | nascent polypeptide-associated complex (nac) is a conserved heterodimeric protein consisting of alpha and beta subunits. in addition to acting as a protein translation chaperone by forming a heterodimer with the beta subunit, nac alpha (naca) also shows important immune significance independent of nac beta in mammalian cells. in lower vertebrates, however, the immunological relevance of naca has not been revealed yet. in the present study, we identified and characterized a naca gene (termed pona ... | 2015 | 26142144 |
| complete genome sequence of edwardsiella tarda isolate fl95-01, recovered from channel catfish. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative facultative anaerobe that has been isolated from fish, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals, including humans. this is a report of the complete and annotated genome of isolate fl95-01, recovered from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | 2015 | 26112788 |
| insights into the virulence-related genes of edwardsiella tarda isolated from turbot in europe: genetic homogeneity and evidence for vibrioferrin production. | edwardsiella tarda has long been known as a pathogen that causes severe economic losses in aquaculture industry. insights gained on e. tarda pathogenesis may prove useful in the development of new methods for the treatment of infections as well as preventive measures against future outbreaks. in this report, we have established the correlation between the presence of virulence genes, related with three aspects typically involved in bacterial pathogenesis (chondroitinase activity, quorum sensing ... | 2016 | 26096159 |
| effects of protein hydrolysates supplementation in low fish meal diets on growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance of red sea bream pagrus major. | this study was conducted to evaluate the supplemental effects of three different types of protein hydrolysates in a low fish meal (fm) diet on growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal morphology, innate immunity and disease resistance of juvenile red sea bream. a fm-based diet was used as a high fish meal diet (hfm) and a low fish meal (lfm) diet was prepared by replacing 50% of fm by soy protein concentrate. three other diets were prepared by supplementing shrimp, tilapia or krill hydro ... | 2015 | 26074096 |
| generation of killed but metabolically active (kbma) edwardsiella tarda and evaluation of its potential as a protective vaccine. | a technology for inactivation of pathogens in human blood products by treatment with amotosalen hydrochloride (s-59) in combination with long wavelength ultraviolet light (uva) to decrease transfusion-mediated sepsis has been applied to make safe vaccines against human pathogenic bacteria, and the resultants were called killed but metabolically active (kbma) bacteria. in the present study, we first generated kbma edwardsiella tarda and evaluated its potential as a protective vaccine in olive flo ... | 2015 | 26074095 |
| metabolome strategy against edwardsiella tarda infection through glucose-enhanced metabolic modulation in tilapias. | edwardsiella tarda causes fish disease and great economic loss. however, metabolic strategy against the pathogen remains unexplored. in the present study, gc-ms based metabolomics was used to investigate the metabolic profile from tilapias infected by sublethal dose of e. tarda. the metabolic differences between the dying group and survival group allow the identification of key pathways and crucial metabolites during infections. more importantly, those metabolites may modulate the survival-relat ... | 2015 | 26057462 |
| full-genome sequence of a novel myovirus, gf-2, infecting edwardsiella tarda: comparison with other edwardsiella myoviral genomes. | edwardsiellosis, which is caused by edwardsiella tarda, a gram-negative bacterium, is one of the most serious infectious diseases in both marine and freshwater fish farms worldwide. previously, we reported the complete genome sequences of three e. tarda-lytic bacteriophages (two podoviruses and a myovirus), which were isolated from fish tissues and fish-rearing seawater. further genomic information regarding e. tarda phages is important for understanding phage-host interactions as well as for ap ... | 2015 | 26049743 |
| in vivo programmed gene expression based on artificial quorum networks. | the quorum sensing (qs) system, as a well-functioning population-dependent gene switch, has been widely applied in many gene circuits in synthetic biology. in our work, an efficient cell density-controlled expression system (qs) was established via engineering of the vibrio fischeri luxi-luxr quorum sensing system. in order to achieve in vivo programmed gene expression, a synthetic binary regulation circuit (araqs) was constructed by assembling multiple genetic components, including the quorum q ... | 2015 | 25979894 |
| comparative proteomic study of edwardsiella tarda strains with different degrees of virulence. | edwardsiella tarda is an enteric opportunistic pathogen that causes a great loss in aquaculture. this species has been described as a phenotypical homogeneous group; in contrast, serological studies and molecular typing revealed a wide heterogeneity. in this work, a proteomic study of differential expression of a virulent isolate from turbot cultured in the norwest of spain in comparison with an avirulent collection strain was performed in order to recognize proteins involved in virulence. one h ... | 2015 | 25979771 |
| comparative analysis of adaptive immune response after vaccine trials using live attenuated and formalin-killed cells of edwardsiella tarda in ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii). | edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. although vaccine trials with formalin-killed cells (fkc) have been reported, the vaccinations failed in protect against e. tarda infection. on the other hand, a live attenuated vaccine strategy is effective against edwardsiellosis; however, the mechanism underlying its effectiveness in fish is unclear. in the present study, we compared the adaptive immune responses in fish vaccinated with fkcs and live attenuate ... | 2015 | 25959574 |
| first molecular characterisation and expression analysis of a teleost thioredoxin-interacting protein (txnip) gene from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). | thioredoxin-interacting protein (txnip) is an important regulator of glucose metabolism that functions by inhibiting cellular glucose uptake. the full-length rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) txnip (rbtxnip) cdna (2499 bp) contains an open reading frame of 1188 bp encoding 396 amino acids. furthermore, multiple alignments showed that the arrestin domain was well conserved among the other txnip sequences tested. rbtxnip was predicted to contain a pxxp and ppxy motif. phylogenetic analysis indica ... | 2015 | 25934185 |
| a potential antioxidant enzyme belonging to the atypical 2-cys peroxiredoxin subfamily characterized from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus. | peroxiredoxins (prxs), a diverse family of antioxidant enzymes, exert their antioxidant function through which different peroxide species are detoxified. this study describes both structural and functional characterization of a mitochondrial prx identified in rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus (rbprx5). the orf (573 bp) of rbprx5 encoded a protein of 190 amino acids (20 kda) containing a putative mitochondrial targeting sequence (residues 1-20) and a thioredoxin-2 motif (residues 31-190) and thre ... | 2015 | 25934084 |
| functional characterisation and expression analysis of recombinant serum amyloid p isoform 1 (rbsap1) from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). | lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that play important roles in the recognition and elimination of pathogens via the innate immune system. pentraxins (ptx) are humoral lectins, which are multifunctional proteins in vertebrates. pentraxins can be divided into two groups based on their primary structure: short (c-reactive protein and serum amyloid p [sap]) and long pentraxins (ptx3 and neuronal pentraxins). previously, sap was shown to have ca(2+)-dependent binding specificity for various l ... | 2015 | 25917975 |
| edwardsiella tarda sip1: a serum-induced zinc metalloprotease that is essential to serum resistance and host infection. | edwardsiella tarda is a severe bacterial pathogen to a wide arrange of farmed fish. one salient virulent feature of e. tarda is a remarkable ability to survive in host serum. in this study, in order to identify e. tarda proteins involved in serum resistance, we conducted proteomic analysis to examine the extracellular protein profiles of tx01, a pathogenic e. tarda isolate, in response to serum treatment. five differentially expressed proteins were identified, one of which was a putative zinc pr ... | 2015 | 25899393 |
| edwardsiella tarda-regulated proteins in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus): identification and evaluation of antibacterial potentials. | edwardsiella tarda is a severe aquaculture pathogen that infects a wide range of fish including japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). in this study, proteomic analysis was conducted to examine flounder spleen proteins altered in expression during e. tarda infection. twenty differentially expressed proteins were identified, which belonged to five functional categories. five upregulated proteins, i.e. calmodulin (cam), cathepsin l (catl), calreticulin (crt), ferritin middle subunit (ferm), a ... | 2015 | 25896741 |
| fructose restores susceptibility of multidrug-resistant edwardsiella tarda to kanamycin. | edwardsiella tarda, the causative agent of edwardsiellosis, imposes medical challenges in both the clinic and aquaculture. the emergence of multidrug resistant strains makes antibiotic treatment impractical. the identification of molecules that facilitate or promote antibiotic efficacy is in high demand. in the present study, we aimed to identify small molecules whose abundance is correlated with kanamycin resistance in e. tarda by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. we found that the abundanc ... | 2015 | 25675328 |
| exogenous alanine and/or glucose plus kanamycin kills antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | multidrug-resistant bacteria are an increasingly serious threat to human and animal health. however, novel drugs that can manage infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria have proved elusive. here we show that glucose and alanine abundances are greatly suppressed in kanamycin-resistant edwardsiella tarda by gc-ms-based metabolomics. exogenous alanine or glucose restores susceptibility of multidrug-resistant e. tarda to killing by kanamycin, demonstrating an approach to killing multidrug-resista ... | 2015 | 25651179 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection and quantification of edwardsiella tarda, edwardsiella piscicida, and edwardsiella piscicida-like species in catfish tissues and pond water. | researchers have proposed the adoption of 3 distinct genetic taxa among bacteria previously classified as edwardsiella tarda; namely e. tarda, e. piscicida, and a taxon presently termed e. piscicida-like. individual real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays were developed, based on published primers, for e. tarda, e. piscicida, and e. piscicida-like sp. to provide rapid quantitative confirmatory tests for these phenotypically ambiguous bacteria. the qpcr assays were shown to be repeatabl ... | 2015 | 25613040 |
| characterization of ampicillin-stressed proteomics and development of a direct method for detecting drug-binding proteins in edwardsiella tarda. | antibiotic-resistant edwardsiella tarda poses a severe challenge to aquaculture. an understanding for antibiotic-resistant mechanisms is crucial to control the disease. the present study characterizes e. tarda ampicillin-stressed proteome and shows the importance of energy metabolism including the tca cycle and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in the antibiotic resistance. further combination with antibiotic measurement develops a new method for identification of antibiotic-binding proteins out of dif ... | 2015 | 25596334 |
| edwardsiella tarda evades serum killing by preventing complement activation via the alternative pathway. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterium with a broad host range that includes a wide variety of farmed fish as well as humans. e. tarda has long been known to be able to survive in host serum, but the relevant mechanism is unclear. in this study, we investigated the fundamental question, i.e. whether e. tarda activated serum complement or not. we found that (i) when incubated with flounder serum, e. tarda exhibited a high survival rate (87.6%), which was slightly but significantly reduce ... | 2015 | 25575477 |
| insights into molecular profiles and genomic evolution of an irak4 homolog from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): immunogen- and pathogen-induced transcriptional expression. | as a pivotal signaling mediator of toll-like receptor (tlr) and interleukin (il)-1 receptor (il-1r) signaling cascades, the il-1r-associated kinase 4 (irak4) is engaged in the activation of host immunity. this study investigates the molecular and expressional profiles of an irak4-like homolog from oplegnathus fasciatus (ofirak4). the ofirak4 gene (8.2 kb) was structured with eleven exons and ten introns. a putative coding sequence (1395bp) was translated to the ofirak protein of 464 amino acids. ... | 2015 | 25555811 |
| mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 (prx3) from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): immune responses and role of recombinant prx3 in protecting cells from hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. | pathogenic infections and environmental factors cause a variety of stresses in fish including oxidative stress by rapid elevation of reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive nitrogen species (rns). transcriptional activation and expression of antioxidant enzymes are essential for reducing the oxidative stress. in this study, we present the molecular characterization, immune responses and ros scavenging activity of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 from oplegnathus fasciatus (rbprx3). coding sequen ... | 2015 | 25542382 |
| identification and characterization of the cdnas encoding the two subunits of chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis) calcineurin: their implications in stress and immune response. | calcineurin (cn), the only ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated serine/threonine protein phosphatase, is a key effector participating in ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction pathways in a number of cellular processes under normal, stress and pathological conditions. however, the expression and the relevance of cn in stress and immune response have not been characterized in crustaceans. here, we identified the cdnas that encode the two subunits of cn (termed escn-a and escn-b, respectively) in chinese mit ... | 2015 | 25541080 |
| generation and evaluation of virulence attenuated mutants of edwardsiella tarda as vaccine candidates to combat edwardsiellosis in flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. the development of a live attenuated vaccine may be an effective approach for preventing this disease in fish. in this study, we introduced deletions of esrb, esac, evph, rpos, and pura into the e. tarda lse40δaroa strain, thereby generating five double-gene mutants (δaroaδesrb, δaroaδesac, δaroaδrpos, δaroaδevph, and δaroaδpura) and two triple-gene mutants (δaroaδesrbδevph and δaroaδesacδevph). when blue gouram ... | 2015 | 25541077 |
| higher antiviral response of rig-i through enhancing rig-i/mavs-mediated signaling by its long insertion variant in zebrafish. | as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (prr), the retinoic acid-inducible gene-i (rig-i) is responsible for the recognition of cytosolic viral nucleic acids and the production of type i interferons (ifns). in the present study, an insertion variant of rig-i with 38 amino acids inserted in the n-terminal card2 domain, as well as the typical type, named as rig-ia and rig-ib respectively were identified in zebrafish. rig-ia and rig-ib were all up-regulated following the infection of a neg ... | 2015 | 25524497 |
| adhesive and invasive capacities of edwardsiella tarda isolated from south american sea lion. | edwarsiella tarda is a zoonotic bacterium that can be isolated from humans, animals and the environment. although e. tarda is primarily considered a fish pathogen, it is the only species of its genus considered to be pathogenic for humans as well. a survey of zoonotic intestinal bacteria in fresh feces from south american sea lions (sasl) otaria flavescens, reported e. tarda as the most frequently isolated species. in this study, we used hep-2 cells to establish in vitro the adherence and invasi ... | 2014 | 25477948 |
| phylogenomics characterization of a highly virulent edwardsiella strain et080813(t) encoding two distinct t3ss and three t6ss gene clusters: propose a novel species as edwardsiella anguillarum sp. nov. | as important zoonotic organisms causing infections in humans, edwardsiella bacteria are also notorious leading fish pathogens haunting worldwide aquaculture industries. however, the taxa are now widely recognized to be misclassified, which hurdled the understanding of the epidemiology and development of effective diagnostics and vaccines. currently the genus edwardsiella consists of three species edwardsiella tarda, e. ictaluri, and e. hoshinae. previous phylogenomic analysis revealed that e. ta ... | 2015 | 25466920 |
| two nf-κb inhibitor-alpha (iκbα) genes from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): molecular characterization, genomic organization and mrna expression analysis after immune stimulation. | ikba is a member of ikb family, which sequesters nf-kb in an inactivate form in the cytoplasm and blocks the translocation of nf-kb to nucleus. the ikba paralogs of rock bream (ofikba-a and ofikba-b) encoded ikba proteins with typical features including, highly conserved ikb degradation motif, six ankyrin repeats and a pest sequence. however, their amino acid identity and similarity were only 55.6 and 69.7%, respectively suggesting that these two genes could be the two different isoforms of ikba ... | 2014 | 25462458 |
| two carboxypeptidase counterparts from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): molecular characterization, genomic arrangement and immune responses upon pathogenic stresses. | carboxypeptidases (cps) are proteases that hydrolyze c-terminal peptide bonds. they are involved in regulating the complement system of the immune system. here, we report the molecular characterization and immune response of two carboxypeptidases, named carboxypeptidase a (rb-cpa) and carboxypeptidase n1 (rb-cpn1), from rock bream. the genomic sequence of rb-cpa contains 12 exons interrupted by 11 introns, while the genomic sequence of rb-cpn1 has 9 exons and 8 introns. the cdna sequence of rb-c ... | 2014 | 25457548 |
| molecular genomic- and transcriptional-aspects of a teleost traf6 homolog: possible involvement in immune responses of oplegnathus fasciatus against pathogens. | tumor necrosis factor receptor (tnfr)-associated factor 6 (traf6) is a crucial docking molecule for tnfr superfamily and interleukin-1 receptor/toll-like receptor (il-1r/tlr) superfamily. as an adaptor protein in pathogen-induced signaling cascades, traf6 modulates both adaptive- and innate-immunity. in order to understand the immune responses of teleost traf6, oplegnathus fasciatus traf6-like gene (oftraf6) was identified and characterized. genomic length of oftraf6 (4 kb), obtained by means of ... | 2015 | 25449707 |
| mavs splicing variants contribute to the induction of interferon and interferon-stimulated genes mediated by rig-i-like receptors. | the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) plays a key role in the signal transduction of rig-i-like receptors (rlrs)-mediated antiviral response. in the present study, zebrafish mavs transcript variants, namely mavs_tv1 and mavs_tv2, were cloned from zebrafish embryos. the putative mavs_tv1 protein (full length form) contains an n-terminal card domain, a central proline region, and a c-terminal transmembrane domain (tm). mavs_tv2 is generated by a 190 bp intron fragment insertion. the ... | 2015 | 25445907 |
| first molecular cloning and gene expression analysis of teleost cd42 (glycoprotein ib beta chain) gpib-ix-v subunit from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus. | cd42 is a platelet membrane glycoprotein ib that plays a key role in haemostasis and thrombin-induced platelet activation. here, we report the molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cd42c gene from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). rock bream cd42 (rbcd42c) gene expression profiles were determined after infection with streptococcus iniae, edwardsiella tarda and red seabream iridovirus (rsiv). the full-length rbcd42c cdna contained an open reading frame of 624 bp encoding 207 amino acid ... | 2015 | 25445900 |
| a c-type lectin isolated from the skin of japanese bullhead shark (heterodontus japonicus) binds a remarkably broad range of sugars and induces blood coagulation. | the aim of this study was to determine the physiological role of skin lectins of the japanese bullhead shark (heterodontus japonicus). a skin extract was subjected to affinity chromatography using seven different sugars as ligands. molecular mass and n-terminal amino acid sequence analyses indicated elution of the same protein by each of the seven respective cognate ligands from sugar affinity columns. the predicted amino acid sequence encoded by the cdna of this protein [designated as h. japoni ... | 2015 | 25433861 |
| an invasive and low virulent edwardsiella tarda esrb mutant promising as live attenuated vaccine in aquaculture. | edwardsiella tarda is a leading fish pathogen haunting worldwide aquaculture industry. in e. tarda, two-component system esra-esrb positively regulates type iii and vi secretion systems (t3ss and t6ss) and negatively regulates hemolysin etha, which has been demonstrated to be essential for the invasion processes in fish. in order to develop a live attenuated vaccine (lav) with high invasiveness to be practically and economically used as immersion-administered vaccine in aquaculture, here, we gen ... | 2015 | 25431010 |
| a disordered region in the evpp protein from the type vi secretion system of edwardsiella tarda is essential for evpc binding. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) of pathogenic bacteria plays important roles in both virulence and inter-bacterial competitions. the effectors of t6ss are presumed to be transported either by attaching to the tip protein or by interacting with hcpi (haemolysin corregulated protein 1). in edwardsiella tarda ppd130/91, the t6ss secreted protein evpp (e. tarda virulent protein p) is found to be essential for virulence and directly interacts with evpc (hcp-like), suggesting that it could be a po ... | 2014 | 25401506 |
| infected hydatid cysts bacteria in slaughtered livestock and their effects on protoscoleces degeneration. | the protoscoleces of fertile hydatid cysts are considered as major risks in surgery and producing secondary cysts if rupture the cyst during operation and, cause infecting the dogs with adult worm if eaten by this animal. bacterial infection of the hydatid fluid can lead to sterilization of the cyst. | 2014 | 25371792 |
| concise synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the o-polysaccharide isolated from edwardsiella tarda pcm 1156 strain. | a convergent strategy has been developed for the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the o-antigen from edwardsiella tarda pcm 1156. sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates were achieved either by the activation of thioglycosides using n-iodosuccinimide (nis) in conjunction with h2so4-silica or by activation of trichloroacetimidate by h2so4-silica only. all glycosylation reactions resulted in the formation of the desired linkage w ... | 2014 | 25369263 |
| comprehensive gene expression profiling in japanese flounder kidney after injection with two different formalin-killed pathogenic bacteria. | pathogenic bacteria possess some components, that are recognized by the host immune receptors. different components are recognized by distinct receptors, and thus it is speculated that these components may regulate different gene sets. to investigate the gene expression profiles regulated by different bacterial components in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus, japanese flounder were intraperitoneally injected with formalin-killed bacterial cells (fkc) of edwardsiella tarda and streptococcu ... | 2014 | 25304547 |
| molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of non-mammalian type toll like receptor (tlr21) from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a large family of pattern recognition receptors, which are involved in triggering host immune responses against various pathogens by detecting their evolutionarily conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps). tlr21 is a non-mammalian type tlr, which recognizes unmethylated cpg dna, and is considered as a functional homolog of mammalian tlr9. in this study, we attempted to identify and characterize a novel tlr21 counterpart from rock bream (oplegnathus ... | 2014 | 25300254 |
| role of intestinal inflammation in predisposition of edwardsiella tarda infection in zebrafish (danio rerio). | edwardsiella tarda, an enteric opportunistic pathogen, is associated with acute to chronic edwardsiellosis in cultured fish, resulting in heavy losses in aquaculture. to date, the pathogenesis of e. tarda has been extensively studied and a great deal of vaccine candidates have been attempted. however, the research on the predisposition of e. tarda infection is poorly reported. in this study, the effects of intestinal inflammation on e. tarda infection were investigated using a zebrafish model th ... | 2014 | 25224880 |
| a live attenuated combination vaccine evokes effective immune-mediated protection against edwardsiella tarda and vibrio anguillarum. | edwardsiella tarda and vibrio anguillarum are the two main pathogenic bacteria that cause edwardsiellosis and vibriosis in various species of fish raised in aquaculture. in our previous study, the live attenuated vaccines e. tarda wed and v. anguillarum mvav6203 showed robust relative protection when vaccinated zebrafish or turbot were challenged with virulent e. tarda or v. anguillarum, respectively. additionally, vaccinated fish processed the two vaccines through different pathways of antigen ... | 2014 | 25219565 |
| type iii secretion system genes of edwardsiella tarda associated with intracellular replication and virulence in zebrafish. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is essential for intracellular replication of edwardsiella tarda in phagocytes of fish and mammals. two possible effector candidate genes (esee and eseg) and 7 hypothetical genes (esab, escc, orf13, orf19, orf26, orf29, and orf30) located in the t3ss gene cluster were inactivated by an allelic exchange method, and we found that e. tarda strains carrying insertion mutations in escc, orf13, orf19, orf29, and orf30 were unable to replicate within j774 macrophage ... | 2014 | 25144115 |
| a new target for the old regulator: h-ns suppress t6ss secretory protein evpp, the major virulence factor in the fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda. | the evpp gene in fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda, coding the t6ss secretory protein evpp and carrying an evpa-evpo independent promoter region, was crucial for host cell invasion. the transcription of evpp was positively regulated by either the two-component system esra-esrb or iron concentration, and its overexpression was known to enhance the invasion ability in our previous study. this work demonstrated that the h-ns protein, a pleiotropic regulator of gene expression, was a new transcriptio ... | 2014 | 25131176 |
| cloning and expression analysis of three novel cc chemokine genes from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | chemokines are small cytokines secreted by various cell types. they not only function in cell activation, differentiation and trafficking, but they also have influences on many biological processes. in this study, three novel cc chemokine genes paol-scya105, 106 and 107 in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) were cloned and characterized. paol-scya105 was mainly detected in gill, kidney and spleen, paol-scya106 was detected in all tissues examined and paol-scya107 was mainly detected in t ... | 2014 | 25123833 |
| [a comparison of methods for identifying mast cells of cyprinus carpio]. | to compare different identifying methods of the mast cells of red crucian carp (cyprinus carpio). | 2014 | 25108443 |
| a cdna microarray analysis to identify genes involved in the acute-phase response pathway of the olive flounder after infection with edwardsiella tarda. | the acute-phase response (apr) is an important systemic reaction that occurs within hours of an inflammatory signal caused by physical bodily injury or microbial infection. to investigate the apr of the olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) following infection with a pathogen, we established an expressed sequence tag (est)-based cdna microarray chip composed of 13,061 pcr-amplified cdnas encoding unique genes selected from an olive flounder est analysis. microarray analyses showed that the set ... | 2014 | 25063225 |
| interferon-α2b against microbes through promoting biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. | interferon (ifn) family is a large group of cytokines involved in innate immune response against various microorganisms. however, whether ifn functions in antimicrobial property by metabolic pathways is largely unknown. in the present study, gc-ms-based metabolome is investigated in humoral fluid of zebrafish (danio rerio) which are exposed to three doses of ifn-α2b, designed as ifn-l, ifn-m, and ifn-h. out of 67 compounds identified, 19, 28, and 29 differential abundances of metabolites are ide ... | 2014 | 25058871 |
| expression analysis and biological activity of moronecidin from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus. | the piscidin-family, one of antimicrobial peptides (amps) mainly distributed in fish, is crucial effectors of fish innate immune response. piscidin-family typically has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and the ability to modulate the immune response. in this study, we identified moronecidin (rbmoro) included in piscidin-family from rock bream and investigated its gene expression using quantitative real-time pcr and biological activity (including antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity). the co ... | 2014 | 25050859 |
| cloning, characterisation, and expression analysis of the cathepsin d gene from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). | cathepsins are lysosomal cysteine proteases belonging to the papain family, members of which play important roles in normal metabolism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) cathepsin d (rbctsd) cdnas were identified by expressed sequence tag analysis of a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rock bream liver cdna library. the full-length rbctsd cdna (1644 bp) contained an open reading frame of 1191 bp encoding 396 amino acids. alignment analysis revealed that t ... | 2014 | 25038285 |
| atp release channel pannexin1 is a novel immune response gene in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | extracellular atp is an important damage-associated molecular pattern molecule that plays key roles in innate immunity. in fish, however, the mechanism for extracellular atp release remains largely undefined. pannexin1 (panx1) is a newly discovered extracellular atp release channel with a wide tissue distribution and diverse biological functions in mammals. in the present study, we identified and characterized a panx1 homolog cdna, termed popanx1, from japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus, w ... | 2014 | 25007779 |
| calmodulin is a stress and immune response gene in chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis. | calmodulin (cam) is a multifunctional calcium sensor protein that participates in various cellular processes under normal, stress and pathological conditions. in crabs, however, the involvement of cam in response to environmental stress and immune challenges has not been revealed yet. in the present study, a cam cdna (escam) was identified from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis and its mrna expression patterns in response to ambient (salinity and ph) stress and immune challenges was examine ... | 2014 | 24997436 |
| identification of a novel fish granzyme involved in cell-mediated immunity. | granzymes (gzms) are serine proteases released from cytoplasmic granules within cytotoxic t lymphocytes and natural killer (nk) cells. gzms induce apoptosis within virus-infected and transformed cells. in fish as well as mammals, gzms appear to play a major role in inducing target cell death. however, information on the function of fish gzms is limited, although gzm-like genes have been reported in several species. we identified and characterized a fish gzm (termed gcgzm) in ginbuna crucian carp ... | 2014 | 24968079 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characterisation of oxytetracycline-resistant edwardsiella tarda isolated from diseased eels. | edwardsiellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases in eels. edwardsiella tarda (e. tarda) isolates (n=94) from diseased eels were screened against the eight most commonly used antimicrobial agents in aquaculture in taiwan. these isolates were highly susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin, florfenicol, oxolinic acid and flumequine. in total, 20 of the 94 (21.3 per cent) isolates tested were resistant to oxytetracycline (otc). among the 20 tetracycline-resistant e. tarda isolates, tet ... | 2014 | 24958553 |
| molecular aspects, genomic arrangement and immune responsive mrna expression profiles of two cxc chemokine receptor homologs (cxcr1 and cxcr2) from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus. | the cxcr1 and cxcr2 are the prototypical receptors and are the only known receptors for mammalian elr+ (glu-leu-arg) cxc chemokines, including cxcl8 (interleukin 8). these receptors transduce the elr+ chemokine signals and operate the downstream signaling pathways in inflammation and innate immunity. in this study, we report the identification and characterization of cxcr1 and cxcr2 genes from rock bream fish (ofcxcr1 and ofcxcr2) at the molecular level. the cdna and genomic dna sequences of the ... | 2014 | 24945570 |
| preventive and therapeutic effects of auxotrophic edwardsiella tarda mutant harboring cpg 1668 motif-enriched plasmids against scuticociliatosis in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | previously generated two auxotrophic genes knockout edwardsiella tarda (δalr δasd e. tarda) was used as a delivery vehicle for cpg 1668 motif-enriched plasmids (pl-cpg30), and potential of the δalr δasd e. tarda-mediated delivery of cpg motifs in both prevention and therapeutic treatment of scuticociliatosis caused by miamiensis avidus in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) was investigated. the auxotrophic e. tarda mutant with pl-cpg30 plasmids elicited evidently higher survival rates and d ... | 2014 | 24929150 |
| draft genome sequences of two genetic variant strains of edwardsiella piscicida, jf1305 and rsb1309, isolated from olive flounder (paralichythys olivaceus) and red sea bream (pagrus major) cultured in japan, respectively. | edwardsiella piscicida is a new species discovered within the group of organisms traditionally classified as edwardsiella tarda. we present draft genome sequences of two variant strains of e. piscicida, jf1305 and rsb1309. differences in protein-coding sequence between these isolates are associated with virulence, disease, and defense, suggesting differences in pathogenicity. | 2014 | 24926054 |
| edwardsiella tarda-induced cytotoxicity depends on its type iii secretion system and flagellin. | many gram-negative bacteria utilize a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to translocate virulence proteins into host cells to cause diseases. in responding to infection, macrophages detect some of the translocated proteins to activate caspase-1-mediated cell death, called pyroptosis, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines to control the infection. edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative enteric pathogen that causes hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal infe ... | 2014 | 24891103 |
| a multiplex pcr for the simultaneous detection of tenacibaculum maritimum and edwardsiella tarda in aquaculture. | a specific and sensitive multiplex pcr (mpcr) method was developed as a useful tool for the simultaneous detection of two important flatfish pathogens in marine aquaculture, tenacibaculum maritimum and edwardsiella tarda. in fish tissues, the average detection limit for these mpcr-amplified organisms was 2 × 10 ⁵ ± 0.2 cfu/g and 4 × 10 ⁵ ± 0.3 cfu/g, respectively. these values are similar or even lower than those previously obtained using the corresponding single pcr. moreover, mpcr did not prod ... | 2014 | 26418855 |
| lack of a contact requirement for direct antibacterial activity of lymphocyte subpopulations in ginbuna crucian carp. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) recognize and kill cells infected with viruses, intracellular bacteria and tumors with mhc restriction and antigen specificity. in addition to these activities, recent studies in mammals have suggested that ctl can exhibit direct microbicidal activity. in our previous study we documented direct antibacterial activity of cd4(+) t cells and sigm(+) cells as well as cd8α(+) t cells from immunized fish. however, we also found weak non-specific killing activity of lympho ... | 2014 | 24859594 |
| expression and protective role of two novel nacht-containing proteins in pathogen infection. | lower vertebrates have been found to possess over 200 nacht-domain encoding genes; but, to date, very little is known about their functional activity. this article describes the sequences and expression analysis of two zebrafish nacht-containing proteins, namely nalpl1 and nalpl2. in addition, the functions of zebrafish nalpl1 and nalpl2, which are absent for both amino-terminal effector-binding domain (ebd) and carboxy-terminal ligand-recognition domain (lrd), were investigated for the first ti ... | 2014 | 24858030 |
| gc/ms-based metabolomics approach to identify biomarkers differentiating survivals from death in crucian carps infected by edwardsiella tarda. | microbial disease problems constitute the largest single cause of economic losses in aquaculture. an understanding of immune system in aquaculture animals how to function in defense against bacterial infections is especially important to control these diseases and improve food quality and safety. in the present study, we use a crucian carp model to explore which pathways and metabolites are crucial for the defense against infection caused by edwardsiella tarda eib202. we establish the metabolic ... | 2014 | 24837326 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of atp-gated p2x7 receptor involved in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) innate immune response. | atp-gated p2x7 receptor (p2rx7) channel is a key component for purinergic signaling and plays important roles in the innate immune response in mammals. however, the expression, molecular properties and immune significances of p2rx7 in lower vertebrates are still very limited. here we identified and characterized a novel bony fish p2rx7 homologue cdna, termed pop2rx7, in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). pop2rx7 protein shares about 60-88% sequence similarity and 45-78% sequence identit ... | 2014 | 24796752 |
| hu-induced polymorphous filamentation in fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda leading to reduced invasion and virulence in zebrafish. | edwardsiella tarda is a rod-shaped gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes hemorrhagic septicemia in fish. nucleoid-associated protein hu is a basic dna-binding protein with structural specificity in regulating genes expression. in wild-type e. tarda eib202, hu is composed of two subunits huα (hupa) and huβ (hupb), and exists in homodimer or heterodimer forms. different from the wild-type and δhupb mutant, δhupa mutant was found to be defective in cell growth, h2s production, acid adaptat ... | 2014 | 24793099 |
| multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of edwardsiella piscicida isolates pathogenic to fish. | this study describes a novel multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) based on six variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) loci for genotyping of 37 edwardsiella piscicida (previously edwardsiella tarda) isolates from multiple sources. the number of alleles identified for each of the six vntr loci ranged from 3 to 5 with vntr loci 1 (di = 0.632) and 3 (di = 0.644), displaying the highest degrees of polymorphism. mlva typing of the 37 e. piscicida isolates resulted in the identifi ... | 2014 | 24749655 |
| cell-penetrating peptides mediated protein cross-membrane delivery and its use in bacterial vector vaccine. | it is an attractive strategy to develop a recombinant bacterial vector vaccine by expressing exogenous protective antigen to induce the immune response, and the main concern is how to enhance the cellular internalization of antigen produced by bacterial vector. cell-penetrating peptides (cpps) are short cationic/amphipathic peptides which facilitate cellular uptake of various molecular cargoes and therefore have great potentials in vector vaccine design. in this work, eleven different cpps were ... | 2014 | 24746937 |
| identification and expression analysis of lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor gene in chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis. | lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf) is an important transcription factor in transcriptional regulation of tnf-alpha and other cytokines. here we identified a full-length litaf homolog cdna, termed eslitaf, that contains a 71 bp 5'-untranslated sequence, an open reading frame consisting of 381 bp, and a 208 bp 3'-untranslated sequence in chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis), an economically important freshwater crustacean species in china. eslitaf protein possesses a conserved ... | 2014 | 24657317 |