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recombinant murine toxin from yersinia pestis shows high toxicity and β-adrenergic blocking activity in mice.yersinia pestis murine toxin (ymt) encoded on pmt1 is a 61-kda protein, a member of the phospholipase d superfamily, which is found in all the domains of life. it is considered to be an intracellular protein required for the survival of y. pestis in the midgut of the flea, but the exact role of ymt in the pathogenesis of y. pestis has not been clarified. purified ymt is highly toxic to mice and rats, but the exact mechanism of the animals' death is unclear. here, we prepared a recombinant ymt in ...201626774329
a replication-defective human type 5 adenovirus-based trivalent vaccine confers complete protection against plague in mice and nonhuman primates.currently, no plague vaccine exists in the united states for human use. the capsular antigen (caf1 or f1) and two type 3 secretion system (t3ss) components, the low-calcium-response v antigen (lcrv) and the needle protein yscf, represent protective antigens of yersinia pestis we used a replication-defective human type 5 adenovirus (ad5) vector and constructed recombinant monovalent and trivalent vaccines (rad5-lcrv and rad5-yfv) that expressed either the codon-optimized lcrv or the fusion gene d ...201627170642
occurrence and analysis of irp2 virulence gene in isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter spp. from microbiota and hospital and community-acquired infections.eighty-five isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter spp., originating from hospital- and community-acquired infections and from oropharyngeal and faecal microbiota from patients in recife-pe, brazil, were analyzed regarding the presence of irp2 gene. this is a yersinia typical gene involved in the synthesis of siderophore yersiniabactin. dna sequencing confirmed the identity of irp2 gene in five k. pneumoniae, five enterobacter aerogenes and one enterobacter amnigenus isolates. to our ...201627133266
fast, sensitive point of care electrochemical molecular system for point mutation and select agent detection.point of care molecular diagnostics benefits from a portable battery-operated device capable of performing a fast turnaround using reliable inexpensive cartridges. we describe a prototype device for performing a molecular diagnostics test for clinical and biodefense samples in 16 minutes using a prototype capable of an 8 minute pcr reaction, followed by hybridization and detection on an electrochemical microarray based on the i-stat® system. we used human buccal swabs for hemochromatosis testing ...201627280174
an internal standard approach for homogeneous tr-fret immunoassays facilitates the detection of bacteria, biomarkers, and toxins in complex matrices.the recent development of a homogeneous time-resolved förster resonance energy transfer (tr-fret) immunoassay enables one-step, rapid (minutes), and direct detection compared to the multistep, time-consuming (hours), heterogeneous elisa-type immunoassays. the use of the time-resolved effect of a donor lanthanide complex with a delay time of microseconds and large stokes shift enables the separation of positive signals from the background autofluorescence of the sample. however, this study shows ...201627236318
rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis, and burkholderia pseudomallei by use of laser light scattering technology.rapid methods to determine antimicrobial susceptibility would assist in the timely distribution of effective treatment or postexposure prophylaxis in the aftermath of the release of bacterial biothreat agents such as bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis, or burkholderia pseudomallei conventional susceptibility tests require 16 to 48 h of incubation, depending on the bacterial species. we evaluated a method that is based on laser light scattering technology that measures cell density in real time. ...201626984973
a self-quenching-resistant carbon nanodot powder with multicolored solid-state fluorescence for ultra-fast staining of various representative bacterial species within one minute.in this study, we prepared self-quenching-resistant solid-state fluorescent carbon nanodots (sfcds) without any other solid matrices. the sfcds were prepared using a one-step microwave synthesis method through precise control of the heating power and time. the resulting sfcd powder showed excitation-dependent emission behavior with a maximum fluorescence quantum yield of 40%. the multicolored sfcds were successfully used as fluorescent agents for rapid staining of 14 representative bacterial spe ...201627874136
engineered nanoconstructs for the multiplexed and sensitive detection of high-risk pathogens.many countries categorize the causative agents of severe infectious diseases as high-risk pathogens. given their extreme infectivity and potential to be used as biological weapons, a rapid and sensitive method for detection of high-risk pathogens (e.g., bacillus anthracis, francisella tularensis, yersinia pestis, and vaccinia virus) is highly desirable. here, we report the construction of a novel detection platform comprising two units: (1) magnetic beads separately conjugated with multiple capt ...201626462853
reciprocal regulation of yersinia pestis biofilm formation and virulence by rovm and rova.rova is known to enhance yersinia pestis virulence by directly upregulating the psa loci. this work presents a complex gene regulatory paradigm involving the reciprocal regulatory action of rovm and rova on the expression of biofilm and virulence genes as well as on their own genes. rovm and rova enhance and inhibit y. pestis biofilm production, respectively, whereas rovm represses virulence in mice. rovm directly stimulates the transcription of hmst, hmscde and rovm, while indirectly enhancing ...201626984293
navigable rivers facilitated the spread and recurrence of plague in pre-industrial europe.infectious diseases have become a rising challenge to mankind in a globalizing world. yet, little is known about the inland transmission of infectious diseases in history. in this study, we based on the spatio-temporal information of 5559 plague (yersinia pestis) outbreaks in europe and its neighboring regions in ad1347-1760 to statistically examine the connection between navigable rivers and plague outbreak. our results showed that 95.5% of plague happened within 10 km proximity of navigable ri ...201627721393
detection of a yersinia pestis gene homologue in rodent samples.a homologue to a widely used genetic marker, pla, for yersinia pestis has been identified in tissue samples of two species of rat (rattus rattus and rattus norvegicus) and of mice (mus musculus and apodemus sylvaticus) using a microarray based platform to screen for zoonotic pathogens of interest. samples were from urban locations in the uk (liverpool) and canada (vancouver). the results indicate the presence of an unknown bacterium that shares a homologue for the pla gene of yersinia pestis, so ...201627602258
genomic insights into a new citrobacter koseri strain revealed gene exchanges with the virulence-associated yersinia pestis ppcp1 plasmid.the history of infectious diseases raised the plague as one of the most devastating for human beings. far too often considered an ancient disease, the frequent resurgence of the plague has led to consider it as a reemerging disease in madagascar, algeria, libya, and congo. the genetic factors associated with the pathogenicity of yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the plague, involve the acquisition of the ppcp1 plasmid that promotes host invasion through the expression of the virulence fact ...201627014253
inhibition of pseudomonas aeruginosa exsa dna-binding activity by n-hydroxybenzimidazoles.the pseudomonas aeruginosa type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a primary virulence determinant and a potential target for antivirulence drugs. one candidate target is exsa, a member of the arac family of dna-binding proteins required for expression of the t3ss. a previous study identified small molecules based on an n-hydroxybenzimidazole scaffold that inhibit the dna-binding activity of several arac proteins, including exsa. in this study, we further characterized a panel of n-hydroxybenzimidaz ...201626574012
nqrm (duf539) protein is required for maturation of bacterial na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase.na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr) catalyzes electron transfer from nadh to ubiquinone in the bacterial respiratory chain, coupled with na(+) translocation across the membrane. na(+)-nqr maturation involves covalent attachment of flavin mononucleotide (fmn) residues, catalyzed by flavin transferase encoded by the nqr-associated apbe gene. analysis of complete bacterial genomes has revealed another putative gene (duf539, here renamed nqrm) that usually follows the apbe ge ...201626644436
crp is an activator of yersinia pestis biofilm formation that operates via a mechanism involving gmha and waaae-coad.gmha encodes a phosphoheptose isomerase that catalyzes the biosynthesis of heptose, a conserved component of lipopolysaccharide (lps). gmha plays an important role in yersinia pestis biofilm blockage in the flea gut. waaa, waae, and coad constitute a three-gene operon waaae-coad in y. pestis. waaa encodes a transferase that is responsible for binding lipid-a to the core oligosaccharide of lps. waaa is a key determinant in y. pestis biofilm formation, and the waaa expression is positively regulat ...201627014218
biocidal and sporicidal efficacy of pathoster(®) 0.35% and pathoster(®) 0.50% against bacterial agents in potential bioterrorism use.the use of products that can neutralize or significantly reduce the microbial load and that are not harmful to human health and the environment represents a milestone in the fight against the spread of infectious diseases. peracetic acid, besides being an excellent sterilizing and sporicidal agent, is harmless to humans and the environment when it is used in a common dosage. however, the high costs and loss of efficacy of the product very quickly after its reconstitution limit its use. we evalua ...201627482880
new role for fda-approved drugs in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.antibiotic resistance in medically relevant bacterial pathogens, coupled with a paucity of novel antimicrobial discoveries, represents a pressing global crisis. traditional drug discovery is an inefficient and costly process; however, systematic screening of food and drug administration (fda)-approved therapeutics for other indications in humans offers a rapid alternative approach. in this study, we screened a library of 780 fda-approved drugs to identify molecules that rendered raw 264.7 murine ...201627067323
targeted next-generation sequencing for the detection of ciprofloxacin resistance markers using molecular inversion probes.antibiotic resistance (ar) is an epidemic of increasing magnitude requiring rapid identification and profiling for appropriate and timely therapeutic measures and containment strategies. in this context, ciprofloxacin is part of the first-line of countermeasures against numerous high consequence bacteria. significant resistance can occur via single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) and deletions within ciprofloxacin targeted genes. ideally, use of ciprofloxacin would be prefaced with ar determinati ...201627174456
genetic variation at the mhc drb1 locus is similar across gunnison's prairie dog (cynomys gunnisoni) colonies regardless of plague history.yersinia pestis was introduced to north america around 1900 and leads to nearly 100% mortality in prairie dog (cynomys spp.) colonies during epizootic events, which suggests this pathogen may exert a strong selective force. we characterized genetic diversity at an mhc class ii locus (drb1) in gunnison's prairie dog (c. gunnisoni) and quantified population genetic structure at the drb1 versus 12 microsatellite loci in three large arizona colonies. two colonies, seligman (se) and espee ranch (es), ...201627066243
development of liposomal ciprofloxacin to treat lung infections.except for management of pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) in cystic fibrosis, there are no approved inhaled antibiotic treatments for any other diseases or for infections from other pathogenic microorganisms such as tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, fungal infections or potential inhaled biowarfare agents including francisella tularensis, yersinia pestis and coxiella burnetii (which cause pneumonic tularemia, plague and q fever, respectively). delivery of an antibiotic formulation via the i ...201626938551
[infection prevention and surgical management of deep insidious infection in total endoprosthesis]. 20165084870
cost containment--and quality assurance, too. 2. 20165082628
the epidermal component of pityriasis lichenoides. 20165057378
national health care. 20165059462
[comparative estimation of the corticoid and immunosuppressive therapy in nephrotic syndrome]. 20165023105
mesenteric fibrosis simulating the angiographic appearance of ileal carcinoid tumor. 20165015843
[serum concentrations of phenoxymethylpenicillin in a controlled study on volunteers]. 20165001919
cephaloridine in the treatment and prophylaxis of infection in the newborn. 20164964001
[histological study of autografts of dental roots in the eyelid of macacus rhesus. ii]. 20164991838
cerebral electrical activity following soman administration. 20164973155
placentation in the garter snake, thamnophis sirtalis. 20164912310
[problems of drug research]. 20164874723
individual differences at birth. implications for child-care practices. 20164852409
vegetables? 20164847369
[current status of experience and concepts concerning the therapy of progressive muscular dystrophies]. 20164889952
psychology and neuropsychology in migraine. 20164949988
[x-ray diagnosis of early functional gallbladder disorders using a computer]. 20164931629
chemical conversion of the psychotomimetic amine 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane to 5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylindole. 20164836406
urinary tract fibrinolysis. 20164831731
clomipramine and amitriptyline in depressed outpatients. a controlled study. 20164812659
comparison of oral prednisolone and intramuscular methylprednisolone in classical rheumatoid arthritis in out-patients. 20164931625
a resuscitation trolley designed for a communication problem. 20164821283
preparing lower-class patients for group psychotherapy: development and evaluation of a role-induction film. 20164803270
[neurologic, electroencephalographic and brain scintigraphic findings in supratentorial space-requiring processes]. 20164811132
neonatal cold injury in the tropics. 20164782010
[umberto carpi de resmini]. 20164918468
[changes in mitotic activity of cells of the epidermis in pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and spinocellular cancer of the skin]. 20164767949
ivory-tower humanist. 20164763433
proceedings: levels of blood pressure in children: a family study. 20164759734
neurologic manifestations of rheumatic fever. 20164759729
significance of the curriculum and prerequisites for the certification of corrective therapists. 20164752267
experimental studies on the value of archery in paraplegia. 20164750964
unexpected vitamin k deficiency in hospitalized patients.twenty-seven patients developed vitamin k deficiency unexpectedly in the postoperative period or during hospitalization for a variety of medical conditions. twenty-two of the patients were on antibiiotics. nineteen were on no oral intake during part of their hospital stay, and the remainder had a poor food intake. fifty percent developed vitamin k deficiency within seven days. it is suggested that the rapid onset of vitamin k deficiency in these patients may have been due to a combination of the ...20164750303
shock and septic complications. 20164746120
whitefringed beetles: dichlorvos applied as a postharvest treatment to protect wheat. 20164734780
[pruritus therapy in the light of spa methods]. 20164728797
[synovectomy of the hand]. 20164712009
granulomatous hepatitis and prolonged fever of unknown origin. 20164729250
the twin ion technique for detection of metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: intermediates in estrogen biosynthesis. 20164711114
how old are bacterial pathogens?only few molecular studies have addressed the age of bacterial pathogens that infected humans before the beginnings of medical bacteriology, but these have provided dramatic insights. the global genetic diversity of helicobacter pylori, which infects human stomachs, parallels that of its human host. the time to the most recent common ancestor (tmrca) of these bacteria approximates that of anatomically modern humans, i.e. at least 100 000 years, after calibrating the evolutionary divergence withi ...201627534956
[multipurpose cuvette for immunodiffusion preparations]. 20164972960
clinical applications of brain blood flow studies. 20164938393
vasectomy. 20165067588
acquired hemolytic anemia with features simulating hereditary spherocytosis and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in the same patient. 20165040114
[conservative treatment of chronic arterial occlusive disease using trental]. 20165037492
[clinical diagnosis of congenital tricuspid valve atresia]. 20165091764
centennial of the founding of the alumni association of the jefferson medical college. 20164909105
[control of chagas' disease in the municipality of bariri, state of são paulo]. 20164990137
arterial mesenchyme and arteriosclerosis. studies on the conformation and interaction of elastin. 20164836418
urinary vaginal fistulae: a series of 152 patients treated in a small hospital in ghana. 20164807491
[hyperthyroidism in patients over 65 years]. 20164807483
is very early ambulation safe in patients of acute myocardial infarction. 20164789730
[proceedings: aseptic operating rooms]. 20164782308
[indications for and the outcome of pneumonectomy in the presence of destructive tuberculosis in the other lung]. 20164784039
[hormonal activity of adrenal glands in patients with primary lesion of the hypothalamic region]. 20164756508
the public health '72: the story behind the statistics. 20164756364
[aging from a biological point of view]. 20165023128
nutrition education-or education in child care? 20164746245
a prospect of computer implementation of radiotherapy. 20164999539
correlated physiological and ultrastructural studies on specialized muscles. 3. neuromuscular physiology of the power-stroke muscle of the swimming leg of portunus sanguinolentus. 20164717558
red cell glutathione peroxidase polymorphism in afro-americans. 20164823031
dichotomies in discovery. 20165068295
[lymphocytic transformation "in vitro" in hodgkin's disease and in sarcoidosis]. 20164965889
[ldh isoenzymes in the serum in development control of tumor patients]. 20165093323
simplified technique for tubeless hypotonic duodenography. 20165015830
relationships between ocular dimensions and the effects of provocative tests. water drinking. homatropine eye drops. water drinking and homatropine eye drops. 20165097395
has the prevalence of coronary sclerosis and coronary heart disease increased? 20165090208
reptitive dna sequences in drosophila. 20165088497
autoradiographic localization of 3 h- -ecdysone in salivary gland cells of drosophila virilis. 20164945007
[relevance of epidemiologic studies in enzymatic screening tests of patient collectives incubated with hepatitis]. 20164832552
[plastic reconstruction of the frontal bone]. 20164905634
impressions for complete dentures. 20164898720
[extracellular space and swelling in the central nervous system in vivo and in vitro]. 20164906001
[test persons and control groups--psychological and epidemiological viewpoints]. 20164891359
[new dental equipment for denture base splint, omnivac 3]. 20164890686
public relations relies on the motion picture, "the double day of danny dillon". 20164888304
the problem of the manipulating patient. 20164845594
hypertensive retinopathy. a prospective hospital study of 100 hypertensive kenyan africans. 20164845025
long term treatment of chronic schizophrenia; a lack of controls. 20164862725
[electrotonography in retinal detachment]. 20164848639
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