Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| characterization of a shiga toxin-encoding temperate bacteriophage of shigella sonnei. | a shiga toxin (stx)-encoding temperate bacteriophage of shigella sonnei strain cb7888 was investigated for its morphology, dna similarity, host range, and lysogenization in shigella and escherichia coli strains. phage 7888 formed plaques on a broad spectrum of shigella strains belonging to different species and serotypes, including stx-producing shigella dysenteriae type 1. with e. coli, only strains with rough lipopolysaccharide were sensitive to this phage. the phage integrated into the genome ... | 2001 | 11705937 |
| conformation of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1: molecular modeling shows a helical structure with efficient exposure of the antigenic determinant alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galp. | the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1, which has the repeating tetrasaccharide unit -->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcnacp-(1--> (a-b-c-d), is a major virulence factor, and it is believed that antibodies against this polysaccharide confer protection to the host. the conformational properties of fragments of this o-antigen were explored using systematic search with a modified hsea method (glycan) and with molecular mechanics mm3 ... | 2001 | 11744629 |
| survival of shigella dysenteriae type 1 on fomites. | studies have shown that various objects, such as utensils, toys, and clothes, can serve as vehicles for transmission of shigella spp. shigellae can become viable but non-culturable (vbnc) when exposed to various environmental conditions as shown in earlier studies. the present study was carried out to detect vbnc shigella dysenteriae type 1 on various fomites by direct viable counting, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and fluorescent antibody methods. s. dysenteriae type 1 was inoculated onto cl ... | 2001 | 11761771 |
| post-dysenteric hemolytic uremic syndrome in bulawayo, zimbabwe. | an outbreak of dysentery in zimbabwe was associated with a high mortality, especially in children who developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). to examine the causes of high mortality from hus and to suggest measures that could reduce the case fatality rate, clinical and laboratory features of 91 children with dysentery were reviewed. of these, 14 developed hus; their findings were compared with age-matched controls with dysentery only. persistent alteration of consciousness after rehydration, ... | 2001 | 11793118 |
| [the serum bactericidal activity of domestic fleroxacin and lomefloxacin]. | to evaluate antibacterial activities in vivo and in vitro of fleroxacin and lomefloxacin. | 1999 | 11798634 |
| [isolation of provisional serovars of shigella in diarrheal cases of tourists]. | twenty-four shigella strains of provisional serovars were isolated from travellers with diarrhea during 1993-2000 at osaka airport- and kansai airport-quarantine station. the outline of these cases were as follows. 1) the provisional serovars of these strains (number of cases) were s. dysenteriae 93-119 (2), s. dysenteriae 204/96 (4), s. dysenteriae i9809-73 (4), s. flexneri 88-893 (9), and s. boydii e16553 (5). 2) symptoms of these cases were diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. the r ... | 2001 | 11806136 |
| [priming-phenomenon of neutrophils in patients with flexner infection]. | to study reproducibility of priming phenomenon of neutrophils in patients with acute flexner's dysentery and its realization manifestation. | 2001 | 11806212 |
| activation of shiga toxin type 2d (stx2d) by elastase involves cleavage of the c-terminal two amino acids of the a2 peptide in the context of the appropriate b pentamer. | shiga toxins (stx) are potent ribosome-inactivating toxins that are produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 or certain strains of escherichia coli. these toxins are composed of one a subunit that can be nicked and reduced to an enzymatically active a1(approximately 27 kda) and an a2 peptide (approximately 4 kda) as well as a pentamer of b subunits (approximately 7 kda/monomer) that binds the eukaryotic cell. purified shiga toxin type 2d is activated 10- to 1000-fold for vero cell toxicity by pre ... | 2002 | 11849548 |
| hyperimmune bovine colostrum in the treatment of shigellosis in children: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. | immunological approaches have been considered as an alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of enteric infections over the past few years. hyperimmune bovine colostrum (hbc) is a potentially innovative immunological option in the management of shigellosis together with traditional antibiotic therapy. children aged 1-12 y with a history of bloody mucoid diarrhoea of less than 5 d duration were enrolled after their stool specimen was found to be positive for shigella dysenteriae type i an ... | 2001 | 11853331 |
| sodium and water homeostasis in children with shigellosis. | studies in bangladesh have shown that the mortality in shigellosis is significantly higher in hyponatraemic (hn) than in normo- (nn) or hypernatraemic children. the aim of this study was to describe the effect of shigellosis on renal haemodynamics and sodium and water homeostasis before treatment was started. twenty-one moderately ill children infected with shigella dysenteriae type i were studied. eight of them had a serum sodium concentration below 130 mmol/l. renal function was determined by ... | 2001 | 11853332 |
| cloned shiga toxin 2 b subunit induces apoptosis in ramos burkitt's lymphoma b cells. | the shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2), produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, consist of one a subunit and five b subunits. the stx1 and stx2 b subunits form a pentameric structure that binds to globotriaosylceramide (gb3-cer) receptors on eukaryotic cells and promotes endocytosis. the a subunit then inhibits protein biosynthesis, which triggers apoptosis in the affected cell. in addition to its gb3-cer binding activity, the data in the following report demons ... | 2002 | 11854211 |
| shigellocidal properties of three nigerian medicinal plants: ocimum gratissimum, terminalia avicennoides, and momordica balsamina. | the prevalence of multidrug-resistant shigellae is an important concern in the treatment of shigellosis in many developing countries, and other therapies, including herbal agents, may provide an important alternative to antimicrobial agents. in this study, three nigerian medicinal plants: ocimum gratissimum, terminalia avicennoides, and momordica balsamina were investigated for their activities against multidrug-resistant shigella species isolated from patients with bacilliary dysentery in lagos ... | 2001 | 11855356 |
| [investigation of a shigellosis outbreak in a rural zone of senegal]. | the investigation of this outbreak took place in niakhar (ird project study area), a rural area located 150 km east of dakar. covering 30 villages, with a population of about 30,000 inhabitants, the area has been under demographic and epidemiological surveillance. in 1999, the surveillance allowed 973 cases of shigellosis to be recorded out of 1,751 cases of dysenteric diarrhoeas. the outbreak reached a peak during the raining season (73% of the cases in september and october). all the villages ... | 2001 | 11861195 |
| rapid detection of shiga toxin-producing bacteria in feces by multiplex pcr with molecular beacons on the smart cycler. | we have developed a rapid (1-h) real-time fluorescence-based pcr assay with the smart cycler thermal cycler (cepheid, sunnyvale, calif.) for the detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), as well as other shiga toxin-producing bacteria. based on multiple-sequence alignments, we have designed two pairs of pcr primers that efficiently amplify all variants of the shiga toxin genes stx(1) and stx(2), respectively. these primer pairs were combined for use in a multiplex assay. two mo ... | 2002 | 11923369 |
| development of a p1 phagemid system for the delivery of dna into gram-negative bacteria. | the inability to transform many clinically important gram-negative bacteria has hampered genetic studies addressing the mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis. this report describes the development and construction of a delivery system utilizing the broad-host-range transducing bacteriophage p1. the phagemids used in this system contain a p1 pac initiation site to package the vector, a p1 lytic replicon to generate concatemeric dna, a broad-host-range origin of replication and an antibiotic-resista ... | 2002 | 11932441 |
| enhancement of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures by shigella dysenteriae in lps-resistant c3h/hej mice: role of the host response. | convulsions and encephalopathy are common complications of shiga toxin (stx)-producing shigella and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli infections. in previous studies, we demonstrated that stx and lipopolysaccharide (lps) act in concert to enhance mice sensitivity to pentylenetetrazole (ptz)-induced seizures via mechanisms involving tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha), interleukinl beta and nitric oxide. to further elucidate the role of the host response in shigella-related seizures, we studi ... | 2002 | 12005330 |
| construction, characterization, and animal testing of wrsd1, a shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine. | wrsd1 is a shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine containing deletions of the virg(icsa) gene required for intercellular spreading and a 20-kb chromosomal region encompassing the shiga toxin genes (stxab). wrsd1 was constructed from s. dysenteriae 1 strain 1617 that was originally isolated during the 1968 to 1969 epidemic of shiga dysentery in guatemala. the virg(icsa) deletion was constructed from a streptomycin-resistant (str(r)) mutant of 1617 by a filter mating procedures using a virg(icsa) deletion ... | 2002 | 12010984 |
| apoptosis in acute shigellosis is associated with increased production of fas/fas ligand, perforin, caspase-1, and caspase-3 but reduced production of bcl-2 and interleukin-2. | shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced apoptotic cell death in rectal tissues from patients infected with shigella dysenteriae type 1 was studied by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dutp-biotin nick end labeling (tunel) technique and annexin v staining. expression of proteins and cytokines participating in the apoptotic process (caspase-1, caspase-3, fas [cd95], fas ligand [fas-l], perforin, granzyme a, bax, waf-1, bcl-2, interleukin-2 [il-2], il-18, and granulocyte-macrophage colo ... | 2002 | 12011015 |
| survivability of shigella dysenteriae type 1 & s. flexneri 2a in laboratory conditions simulating aquatic environment. | information about the duration of survival of shigellae in water is speculative. the present study was undertaken to assess the duration of survival of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri type 2a in the laboratory conditions simulating the aquatic environment, their invasive property and the association of different physico-chemical parameters in the survival process. | 2001 | 12040763 |
| bacillus dysentericus (sic) 1897 was the first taxonomic rather than bacillus dysenteriae 1898. | the basonym of shigella dysenteriae (shiga 1898) castellani and chalmers 1919 was first and officially proposed in 1897 as bacillus dysentericus (sic) in saikingaku zasshi, published in japan. in accordance with section 6 (citation of authors and names) of the bacteriological code (1990 revision), the year of the first proposal of shigella dysenteriae has to be corrected from bacillus dysenteriae 1898 to bacillus dysentericus (sic) 1897. | 2002 | 12054222 |
| shiga toxin genes in avian escherichia coli. | the purpose of this study was to determine the presence of stx genes in avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec). we examined 97 apec isolates: 34 from lesions of avian cellulitis, 31 from avian septicemia, 13 from swollen head syndrome (shs) in chickens, and 19 from diseased turkeys. we also examined five isolates from the feces of healthy chickens. all 102 e. coli isolates were tested for the presence of stx genes by pcr amplification and by colony blots using probes specific for stx1 and stx2 ... | 2002 | 12069771 |
| purification of lactoperoxidase from creek-water buffalo milk and investigation of kinetic and antibacterial properties. | water buffalo lactoperoxidase (wblp) was purified with amberlite cg 50 h+ resin, cm sephadex c-50 ion-exchange chromatography, and sephadex g-100 gel filtration chromatography from skim milk. all purification steps of the wblp were shown with sds-page and rz (a412/a280) controlled the purification degree of the enzyme. rz value for the purified wblp was 0.8. to determine purification steps and kinetic properties, the activity of enzyme was measured by using 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6 ... | 2002 | 12071645 |
| [effect of cytokines on the expression of shiga toxin toxicity]. | shiga toxins(stxs), which are produced by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae serotype i, induce proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin(il)-1 beta, il-6, interferon-gamma, and chemokines such as il-8 in intestinal epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and monocytes/macrophages in vitro and in kidneys and spleen in vivo. cytokines induced by stxs and lipopolysaccharide enhance the toxicity of stxs via up-regulation of the expre ... | 2002 | 12078078 |
| isolation of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri strains from surface waters in bangladesh: comparative molecular analysis of environmental shigella isolates versus clinical strains. | bacillary dysentery caused by shigella species is a public health problem in developing countries including bangladesh. although, shigellae-contaminated food and drinks are often the source of the epidemic's spread, the possible presence of the pathogen and transmission of it through environmental waters have not been adequately examined. we analyzed surface waters collected in dhaka, bangladesh, for the presence of shigellae by a combination of pcr assays followed by concentration and culturing ... | 2002 | 12147489 |
| evolution of multi-gene segments in the muts-rpos intergenic region of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. | the nucleotide sequence of the 12.6 kb region between the muts and rpos genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 (s. typhimurium) was compared to other enteric bacterial muts-rpos intergenic regions. the muts-rpos region is composed of three distinct segments, designated hk, o and s, as defined by sequence similarities to contiguous orfs in other bacteria. inverted chromosomal orientations of each of these segments are found between the muts and rpos genes in related enterobacteriace ... | 2002 | 12177346 |
| cholera epidemic among rwandan refugees: experience of icddr,b in goma, zaire. | in july 1994, one of the worst cholera epidemics broke out among the nearly a million rwandan refugees in goma, eastern zaire. the united nations high commission for refugees estimated that nearly 12,000 people died during the epidemic. the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b) sent an eight-member medical team to goma headed by dr ak siddique, a senior scientist of the center and head of the epidemic control preparedness program, dacca, bangladesh. during th ... | 1994 | 12288419 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1 in zimbabwe. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) is an unusually virulent enteric pathogen which causes endemic or epidemic dysentery with high death rates. sd1 has been responsible for large-scale regional outbreaks of dysentery in africa, central america, and south asia. shigella dysentery epidemics have been reported in africa since the 1800s and overall, more than 250 million people in the african region are at risk and subject to a case fatality rate of possibly 1-10%. in zimbabwe, the 1994 national in ... | 1997 | 12292400 |
| dysentery: an overview. still problems to resolve. | this article reviews the global situation with regard to bacillary dysentery, with particular emphasis on findings from the recent epidemic in west bengal. infection is by the fecal-oral route and generally spread by person-to-person transmission. serious epidemics caused by the multiple-drug-resistant shigella shigae have occurred recently in bangladesh, somalia, south india, burma, sri lanka, nepal, bhutan, rwanda, and zaire. in each situation, dysentery attacked over 10% of the population ... | 1986 | 12341664 |
| endotoxins of enteric pathogens are chemotactic factors for human neutrophils. | early activation of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils is characterized by their morphological changes from spherical to polarized shapes. the endotoxins from enteric pathogens (s. dysenteriae type 1, v. cholerae inaba 569b, s. typhimurium, and k. pneumoniae) were assessed by their ability to induce morphological polarization of the neutrophils as measures of early activation. phagocytic activity, adhesion, chemokinetic locomotion, and nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) dye-reduction ... | 2002 | 12359090 |
| identification of shiga toxin-producing bacteria by a new immuno-capture toxin gene pcr. | infections with bacteria producing shiga toxin are responsible for widespread disease and for the death of a large number of people. in the present study, we have developed a rapid method of high specificity for the detection of shigella dysenteriae by combining immuno-capture of the bacteria and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of their toxin gene. we compared the sensitivity of our new method, referred to as immuno-capture toxin gene pcr (itgpcr), with a conventional tgpcr (ctgpcr ... | 2002 | 12423749 |
| conformation of the branched o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 2: molecular mechanics calculations show a compact helical structure exposing an epitope which potentially mimics galabiose. | conformational analyses of the branched repeating unit of the o-antigenic polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 2 have been performed with molecular mechanics mm3. a filtered systematic search on the trisaccharide alpha-d-galnac-(1-->3)-[alpha-d-glcnac-(1-->4)]-alpha-d-galnac forming the branch, shows essentially a single favored conformation. also, the downstream alpha-d-galnac-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glc linkage is sterically constrained. the alpha-d-glc-(1-->4)-beta-d-gal moiety, however, forms ... | 2002 | 12423964 |
| multicenter, randomized, double blind clinical trial of short course versus standard course oral ciprofloxacin for shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery in children. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) dysentery is associated with serious morbidity and mortality. treatment is either costly or complicated by the emergence of bacterial resistance. this study compared the efficacy and safety of short course (3 days) and standard course (5 days) oral ciprofloxacin in children with sd1 dysentery. | 2002 | 12488664 |
| surveillance of bacterial pathogens of diarrhea disease in indonesia. | emerging or reemerging infections due to bacterial disease may be a local, regional or global problem. bacterial acute gastroenteritis is a potential cause of substantial morbidity in travelers and deployed u.s. military personnel. a surveillance study was conducted over a two-year period in indonesia among 6760 patients with debilitating diarrheal diseases. of the 6,760 patients, 587 (9%) of the patient stools were positive for bacteria. the proportions of bacteria isolated from the 587 patient ... | 2002 | 12493168 |
| antimicrobial potentiality of a phenothiazine group of antipsychotic drug-prochlorperazine. | the antipsychotic drug, prochlorperazine (pcp), was tested for its antimicrobial efficacy against 103 strains belonging to both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. the drug was found to possess maximum activity against staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae and shigella spp. pcp was moderately active against e. coli but most of the strains belonging to bacillus spp, klebsiella spp, salmonella spp and lactobacillus spp were found to be resistant to this drug. the drug was tested for its mod ... | 2002 | 12597553 |
| histopathological study of rabbit intestinal mucosa infected with a hybrid strain of shigella dysenteriae 1 carrying lps biosynthesis genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the rfb gene cluster and the rfc gene of salmonella enterica were introduced earlier into an invasive shigella dysenteriae 1 strain by triparental cross. antiserum was raised in rabbit against lipopolysaccharide isolated from the hybrid strain. both the hybrid and the invasive s. dysenteriae 1 strain were found to have a titer of 1:2560 while for s. enterica, it was 1:640. ligated ileal loops were prepared in rabbit, which were inoculated with 10(8) cfu ml(-1) each of the hybrid strain, and inva ... | 2003 | 12620623 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1 with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. | 2003 | 12620764 | |
| stx1c is the most common shiga toxin 1 subtype among shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates from sheep but not among isolates from cattle. | unlike shiga toxin 2 (stx(2)) genes, most nucleotide sequences of shiga toxin 1 (stx(1)) genes from shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), shigella dysenteriae, and several bacteriophages (h19b, 933j, and h30) are highly conserved. consequently, there has been little incentive to investigate variants of stx(1) among stec isolates derived from human or animal sources. however stx(1ox3), originally identified in an ox3:h8 isolate from a healthy sheep in germany, differs from other stx(1) s ... | 2003 | 12624011 |
| multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1: forerunners of a new epidemic strain in eastern india? | 2003 | 12643845 | |
| synthesis of the pentasaccharide related to the repeating unit of the antigen from shigella dysenteriae type 4 in the form of its methyl ester 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl glycoside. | starting from d-mannose, d-glucose and l-fucose, the pentasaccharide derivative methyl 2,3,4-tri-o-benzyl-alpha-l-fucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-o-acetyl-4,6-o-benzylidene-alpha-d-mannopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-o-acetyl-6-o-benzyl-4-o-(2,3,4-tri-o-benzyl-alpha-l-fucopyranosyl)-alpha-d-mannopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2,3-di-o-benzyl-beta-d-glucopyranosid]uronate was synthesized. this compound with two alpha-mannopyranosyl units was transformed, via walden inversion and subsequent deprotection, ... | 2003 | 12644371 |
| bidirectional concentration-dependent effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha in shigella dysenteriae-related seizures. | we have previously demonstrated that pretreatment of mice with shigella dysenteriae sonicate enhanced their susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and that tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) was proconvulsive in this respect. the present study shows that tnf-alpha, at high concentrations, may also exert a suppressive effect on shigella-mediated seizures. this implies that high levels of tnf-alpha may play a protective role in neurologic complications of s. dysenteriae infecti ... | 2003 | 12654859 |
| [effect of irradiation on the shelf-life of aquatic products]. | the effect of irradiation at doses of 0-10 kgy on the shelf-life of aquatic products was determined. the results showed that irradiation could not prolong the shelf-life of aquatic products kept at 25 degrees c. while the aquatic products were kept at refrigerator (4 degrees c), the irradiation could prolong the shelf-life and effectively reduce the total aerobic plate count. irradiation could effectively reduce the number of coliform to less than 300/kg and eliminate shigella shigae, salmonella ... | 2000 | 12725095 |
| subunit interaction of monomeric alanine racemases from four shigella species in catalytic reaction. | bacterial alanine racemases are classified into two types of subunit structure (monomer and homodimer). to clarify the catalytic unit of monomeric alanine racemases, we examined the apparent molecular mass of the monomeric alanine racemases from shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei by gel filtration in the presence of the substrate and inhibitor. the enzymes were eluted on gel filtration as a monomer of about 39,000 da at low protein concentration and in ... | 2003 | 12725937 |
| antibacterial efficacy of rumex nepalensis spreng. roots. | the antibacterial property of rumex nepalensis spreng. was evaluated against some strains of bacteria. the methanol extract of the roots (tested at 200-1000 micro g/disc) showed significant concentration-dependent antibacterial activity. | 2003 | 12748999 |
| aetiology of shigellosis in northern pakistan. | people of northern pakistan face health hazards because of poor sanitation practices. bacterial gastrointestinal infections are very common, and sometimes outbreaks occur. the present study was aimed at evaluating and analyzing infestation of shigella spp. in patients with suspected gastroenteritis and ascertaining the status of antibiotic therapy. five hundred and eighty-five faecal samples of patients with suspected gastroenteritis, referred to the district headquarter hospital gilgit, were in ... | 2003 | 12751672 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 causing sporadic outbreak in and around kolkata, india. | 2003 | 12751679 | |
| protective efficacy of oral immunization with heat-killed shigella flexneri 2a in animal model: study of cross protection, immune response and antigenic recognition. | oral immunization of rabbits with four doses of 10(11) heat-killed shigella flexneri 2a showed 100% protection against challenge with virulent s. flexneri 2a. after orally immunizing guinea pigs with four doses of heat-killed s. flexneri 2a 100% protection could be shown against ocular challenge with the same virulent s. flexneri 2a strain but this conferred no protection against challenge with shigella dysenteriae type 1. in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblot experiments b ... | 2003 | 12798648 |
| antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens associated with diarrheal patients in indonesia. | the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for 2,812 bacterial pathogens isolated from diarrheal patients admitted to hospitals in several provinces in the cities of jakarta, padang, medan, denpasar, pontianak, makassar, and batam, indonesia were analyzed from 1995 to 2001 to determine their changing trends in response to eight antibiotics: ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. vibrio cholerae o1 (37.1%) ... | 2003 | 12887025 |
| thermodynamic analysis of the structural stability of the shiga toxin b-subunit. | the conformational stability of shiga toxin b-subunit (stxb), a pentameric protein from shigella dysenteriae has been characterized by high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism spectroscopy under different solvent conditions. it is shown that the thermal folding/unfolding of stxb is a reversible process involving a highly cooperative transition between folded pentamer and unfolded monomers. the conformational stability of stxb is ph dependent and because of its pe ... | 2003 | 12899637 |
| human microvascular endothelial cells resist shiga toxins by ifn-gamma treatment in vitro. | shiga toxins (stxs) produced by enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli or shigella dysenteriae damage human endothelial cells predominantly in cooperation with pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tnf-alpha. however, in this study, in vitro ifn-gamma pre-treatment resulted in human lung microvascular endothelial cells becoming over 10,000-fold less sensitive to stxs. in contrast, in their basal condition, they were extremely sensitive to stxs. interestingly, tnf-alpha addition to ifn-gamma reverted ... | 2003 | 12949184 |
| gasp phenotype: presence in enterobacteria and independence of sigmas in its acquisition. | the appearance of growth advantage in stationary phase or gasp was originally detected in escherichia coli. the presence of this phenotype in other enterobacteria such as enterobacter cloacae, salmonella typhimurium, providencia stuartii and shigella dysenteriae is described in this work. e. cloacae gasp strains presented lower levels of rpos than the parental strain, although no mutation in the gene or its promoter was detected. this work offers evidence of gasp rpos-independent pathways as gas ... | 2003 | 12951242 |
| shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 in west africa: intervention strategy for an outbreak in sierra leone. | in november 1999, a médecins sans frontières team based in the southeastern part of sierra leone reported an increased number of cases of bloody diarrhoea. shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (sd1) was isolated in the early cases. a total of 4218 cases of dysentery were reported in kenema district from december, 1999, to march, 2000. the overall attack rate was 7.5%. the attack rate was higher among children younger than 5 years than in the rest of the population (11.2% vs 6.8%; relative risk=1.6; 9 ... | 2003 | 12957094 |
| morphological, host range, and genetic characterization of two coliphages. | two coliphages, ar1 and lg1, were characterized based on their morphological, host range, and genetic properties. transmission electron microscopy showed that both phages belonged to the myoviridae; phage particles of lg1 were smaller than those of ar1 and had an isometric head 68 nm in diameter and a complex contractile tail 111 nm in length. transmission electron micrographs of ar1 showed phage particles consisting of an elongated isometric head of 103 by 74 nm and a complex contractile tail 1 ... | 2003 | 12957924 |
| the neurotoxin of shigella dysenteriae (shiga). | 1952 | 12987385 | |
| studies with shigella dysenteriae (shiga). iv. immunological reactions in monkeys to the toxins in isolated intestinal pouches. | 1953 | 13035094 | |
| the neurotoxin of shigella shigae. i. production, purification and properties of the toxin. | 1953 | 13051531 | |
| the neurotoxin of shigella shigae. ii. examination of the toxin in the oil-turbine ultracentrifuge. | 1953 | 13051532 | |
| the neurotoxin of shigella shigae. iii. the effect of iron on production of the toxin. | 1953 | 13051533 | |
| the neurotoxin of shigella shigae. iv. a semi-micro method for the flocculation assay of the toxin. | 1953 | 13051534 | |
| histological changes in the central nervous system produced by dysentery bacilli (shigella dysenteriae). i. experiments in rabbits. | 1953 | 13090793 | |
| [studies on stain agglutination and electrophretic behavior of dysentery bacteria. i. shigella dysenteriae]. | 1953 | 13091063 | |
| histological changes in the central nervous system produced by dysentery bacilli (shigella dysenteriae). ii. experiments in monkeys (macacus cyclopis). | 1953 | 13103146 | |
| studies on lysogenesis. ii. the effect of temperature on the lysogenization of shigella dysenteriae with phage p1. | 1954 | 13129214 | |
| [effect of sulfonamides on inflammatory reaction causes by shigella dysenteriae]. | 1954 | 13137500 | |
| [certain properties of shigella shigae toxin; effect of adenosinetriphosphoric acid on toxicity of shigella shigae toxin]. | 1953 | 13141325 | |
| studies on gastric mucin. i. in vivo and in vitro studies with shigella dysenteriae. | 1953 | 13156977 | |
| [antigens and salmonella typhosa and of shigella dysenteriae]. | 1954 | 13157256 | |
| studies in immunochemistry. 13. preparation and properties of the 'o' somatic antigen of shigella dysenteriae (shiga). | 1954 | 13159883 | |
| a strain of shigella dysenteriae. i. requiring proline. | 1954 | 13163001 | |
| [toxins of shigella dysenteriae]. | 1954 | 13164993 | |
| [effect of streptomycin, synthomycetin and levomycetin on shigella dysenteriae]. | 1953 | 13165056 | |
| erythrocyte-modifying capacity of shigella dysenteriae (shiga) antigen and its polysaccharide component. | 1954 | 13167120 | |
| [utilization of soluble antigen of shigella dysenteriae for enteric immunization]. | 1954 | 13170683 | |
| studies on lysogenesis. iii. superinfection of lysogenic shigella dysenteriae with temperate mutants of the carried phage. | 1954 | 13174499 | |
| [seven cases of shigellosis caused by shigella dysenteriae in mexico city]. | 1954 | 13177418 | |
| [type-specific serums of shigella dysenteriae 2 (type schmitz)]. | 1954 | 13179716 | |
| [preparation of anti-erythrocytic serum (anti-h) by immunization of goat with shigella dysenteriae]. | 1954 | 13199106 | |
| studies with shigella dysenteriae (shiga). v. factors involved in the preparation of toxoid. | 1954 | 13201761 | |
| [certain properties of toxin of shigella shigae. v. modifications of parabiotic processes produced by shigella shigae toxin]. | 1953 | 13209622 | |
| [effect of streptomycin on variability of shigella dysenteriae]. | 1954 | 13213607 | |
| the b antigens of shigella dysenteriae 2 and escherichia coli o group 112a, 112c. | 1955 | 13233172 | |
| the neurotoxin of shigella shigae. 5. the effect of iron and related metals on the growth, respiration and toxin production of shigella shigae and related organisms. | 1955 | 13250113 | |
| the neurotoxin of shigella shigae. 6. the relation between toxin and cytochrome production in the organism. | 1955 | 13250114 | |
| [antigenic relationship of paracolon bacteria to shigella dysenteriae]. | 1955 | 13253260 | |
| [selection of strains of shigella dysenteriae for vaccines and simple method of their preservation]. | 1955 | 13257785 | |
| observations on the intoxication produced in mice and rabbits by the neurotoxin of shigella shigae. | 1955 | 13269655 | |
| the neurotoxin of shigella shigae: morphological and functional lesions produced in the central nervous system of rabbits. | 1955 | 13269656 | |
| incorporation of phage dna on lysogenization of shigella dysenteriae. | 1956 | 13315280 | |
| [effect of cobalt on phagolysis shigella dysenteriae]. | 1956 | 13325898 | |
| [observations on the process of excretion of shigella dysenteriae in children in a closed institution]. | 1956 | 13325926 | |
| [intradermal allergic tests in rabbits sensitized with shigella dysenteriae]. | 1956 | 13325928 | |
| [epidemiological significance of atypical strains of shigella dysenteriae]. | 1956 | 13325930 | |
| [para-strains of shigella dysenteriae]. | 1956 | 13325931 | |
| [concerning two new foci of dysentery caused by shigella dysenteriae 3]. | 1956 | 13340480 | |
| the neurotoxin of shigella shigae; a comparative study of the effects produced in various laboratory animals. | 1956 | 13342352 | |
| [chlorination of water infested with shigella dysenteriae]. | 1956 | 13344934 | |
| [survival and shigella dysenteriae in water supply]. | 1956 | 13344942 | |
| [studies on variability of shigella dysenteriae following exposure to chloramphenicol]. | 1956 | 13348034 | |
| [phenomenon of brown discoloration of culture medium by shigella dysenteriae]. | 1956 | 13348105 | |
| [survival and spreading of shigella dysenteriae in milk and in certain milk products]. | 1955 | 13371682 | |
| [pharmacodynamics of certain bacterial toxins]. | 1955 | 13395842 |