Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [bacterial dysentery in 1992]. | 1994 | 8073150 | |
| health status of displaced persons following civil war--burundi, december 1993-january 1994. | in burundi (1990 population: 5.7 million), located in central-east africa, seasonal epidemics of dysentery caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) have been documented each year since 1980. the assassination of the president of burundi on october 21, 1993, resulted in widespread violence involving major tribal groups. by december, an estimated 130,000 persons had become displaced within the country, and approximately 683,000 persons had fled to rwanda, tanzania, or zaire. many displaced pers ... | 1994 | 8084334 |
| aetiology of haemorrhagic colitis epidemic in africa. | 1993 | 8101270 | |
| one-ended insertion of is911. | an apparently nonreplicative integration reaction mediated by the insertion sequence is911 has been analyzed. it is shown to involve the right-end inverted repeat (irr) of the element and sequences in the flanking vector dna. the flanking sequences appear to behave as a surrogate is911 end, since integration is greatly reduced when limited similarities with irr are eliminated by site-directed mutagenesis. data are presented which suggest that the activity of the irr junction results from the pro ... | 1994 | 8106332 |
| cytotoxicity of a shiga toxin a subunit-cd4 fusion protein to human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells. | shiga toxin (stx) is a ribosome-inactivating cytotoxin produced by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. the enzymatic domain of the stx a polypeptide has been defined by introducing amino- and carboxy-terminal deletions in the polypeptide and assessing activity in a cell-free translation system. three recombinant forms of stxa which possess enzymatic activity were genetically fused to a 165-amino-acid polypeptide derived from cd4, the cellular receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) ... | 1994 | 8112869 |
| expression of shiga toxin b subunit at cell surface in e. coli k-12. | the three parts (stx17b, stx27b and stxb) of shiga toxin b subunit have been fused into a cell surface exposed loop of the lamb protein at a bamh i site between residues 153 and 154. western blotting revealed that the three parts of shiga toxin b subunit could be expressed as the lamb fusion proteins in e. coli. indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy analyses showed fusion proteins lamb/stx17b and lamb/stx27b could be expressed at cell surface in e. coli, but fusion protein la ... | 1993 | 8142024 |
| a new class of proteins regulating gene expression in enterobacteria. | ymoa and hha are highly similar bacterial proteins downregulating gene expression in yersinia enterocolitica and escherichia coli, respectively. the phenotype of ymoa mutants evokes that of mutants affected in some histone-like proteins. this paper describes complementation of a ymoa mutation in y. enterocolitica by the hha gene from e. coli. we show that ymoa and hha are not only very similar proteins but that they are functionally interchangeable. genetic experiments indicate that hha can also ... | 1994 | 8145648 |
| in vivo r-plasmid transfer in a patient with a mixed infection of shigella dysentery. | transfer of shigella r-plasmids in vivo has seldom been demonstrated. strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri type 5b were isolated from a bulgarian traveller who visited vietnam and developed dysentery, which was treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smz) for a short time. both species of shigellae are unusual in bulgaria where strains of s. sonnei predominate. both shigella strains were multiresistant to the same antimicrobial agents. each strain contained a 48-k ... | 1994 | 8149999 |
| high level expression of shiga toxin b subunit of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 in escherichia coli. | in this study the gene encoding the shiga toxin (stx) was cloned from the chromosomal dna of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (w30864). the stx gene was located in a 4.5kb ecori fragment. the biological assay revealed that the hybrid plasmid pmgc001 containing the stx gene could produce shiga toxin. the amount of stx was 16 times more than that produced by its parent. the cloned strain showed cytotoxic, entorotoxic and neurotoxic activities. the gene for stx-b subunit was subcloned into a plasmid ... | 1993 | 8155839 |
| stimulation of gastrointestinal antibody to shiga toxin by orogastric immunization in mice. | shiga toxin (st) is a protein toxin of shigella dysenteriae type 1, a causative agent of severe diarrhoea and dysentery. in this report we describe the gastrointestinal secretory antibody response of mice following orogastric immunization with st. gastrointestinal secretions were sampled by a gastrointestinal lavage technique weekly for 5 weeks after initial immunization. assay of lavage samples by elisa showed that mice vaccinated orogastrically with various doses of st developed gastrointestin ... | 1994 | 8157288 |
| pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea: xvii. a mammalian cell membrane glycolipid, gb3, is required but not sufficient to confer sensitivity to shiga toxin. | shiga toxin recognizes a galactose-alpha 1-->4-galactose terminal glycolipid, globotriaosylceramide (gb3), in sensitive mammalian cells and is translocated by endocytosis to the cytoplasm, where it blocks protein synthesis. to determine if gb3 is both required and sufficient for toxicity, gb3 content in cells was altered by blocking key biosynthetic or degradative path enzymes with specific inhibitors. the resulting decrease or increase in cellular gb3 was associated with a decrease or increase ... | 1994 | 8158025 |
| [secretive export of stxb/hlya (ct) fusion protein and b subunit specific antibody responses in mice]. | in this study, the shiga toxin b subunit has been fused to haemolysin a c-terminus. the fusion protein stxb/hlya(ct) can be exported to the external medium not only from e. coli k-12 but also from s. typhimurium aroa strain sl3261. when the plasmid puc18 was used as vector, stxb/hlya(ct) was toxic to hosts. but the fusion protein was stable and safe to hosts when the puc18 was replaced with pbr322. the fusion protein can be expressed and exported to the external medium under either the aerobacti ... | 1993 | 8161471 |
| epidemic shigella dysenteriae type 1 in burundi: panresistance and implications for prevention. | an epidemic of shigella dysenteriae type 1 infections has affected africa since 1979. reported dysentery cases increase sharply in burundi during september through december. of stool samples from 189 patients reporting bloody diarrhea in november 1990, a pathogen was identified in 123 (65%). the pathogen was s. dysenteriae type 1 in 82 (67%). all s. dysenteriae type 1 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethopr ... | 1994 | 8169388 |
| infection, diarrhea, and dysentery caused by shigella species and campylobacter jejuni among guatemalan rural children. | to examine the factors that may influence the outcome of infections by shigella spp. and campylobacter jejuni we followed for 24 consecutive months 321 rural guatemala children 0 to 35 months old. home visits were made to determine child morbidity patterns with emphasis on diarrhea and dysentery. fecal samples for microbiologic studies were obtained from the participants when they were ill and during healthy periods. shigella spp. were isolated from 9.8 and 4.0% of ill and healthy children, resp ... | 1994 | 8177630 |
| [the epidemiological characteristics of the spread of grigor'ev-shiga dysentery in the territories of the former ussr in recent years]. | on the basis of special data on the registered cases of grigor'ev-shiga dysentery on the territory of the former ussr the spread of this nosological form of shigella infections since 1980 until the present moment has been analyzed. as shown by this analysis, grigor'ev-shiga dysentery is not widely spread on the whole territory of the former ussr, the cases of this disease being mostly registered in namangan (the uzbek republic). the study has shown that the area of the circulation of shigella dy ... | 1994 | 8184610 |
| [vaccination against the enterobacteriaceae responsible for enteric infections]. | development of vaccines against enterobacterial species responsible for enteric infections sounds like an unrealistic project. on the other hand, based on our growing understanding of the pathogenesis of infections caused by the major species (i.e. salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) and on our better characterization of the immunological parameters of mucosal protection, it is likely that a limited number of vaccines controlling dise ... | 1993 | 8193944 |
| [vaccination against the enterobacteria responsible for enteric infections]. | development of vaccines against enterobacterial species responsible for enteric infections sounds like an unrealistic project. on the other hand, based on our growing understanding of the pathogenesis of infections caused by the major species (i.e. salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) and on our better characterization of the immunological parameters of mucosal protection, it is likely that a limited number of vaccines controlling dise ... | 1994 | 8210205 |
| endotoxin-stimulated production of rat hypothalamic interleukin-1 beta in vivo and in vitro, measured by specific immunoradiometric assay. | regulation of a number of aspects of the acute-phase response, including induction of fever and activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, occurs within the hypothalamus. the acute-phase response appears to be co-ordinated by the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (il-1). a number of studies using hybridization techniques to measure il-1 gene expression and immunocytochemistry to localize immunoactive il-1 have established the concept that the central nervous system, and in particula ... | 1993 | 8240669 |
| prostacyclin in diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | the role of prostacyclin (pgi2) in the pathogenesis of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) is controversial. in part, confusion has been caused by failure to distinguish between two main sub-types of the syndrome: extrinsic, diarrhoea-associated hus (d+ hus), usually caused by infection with verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli or shigella dysenteriae, and the heterogeneous group of non-prodromal forms where intrinsic factors predominate (d- hus). this paper critically reviews data confined to ... | 1993 | 8251312 |
| leukaemoid reaction in diarrhoeal diseases. | there was an outbreak of diarrhoea/dysentery in naxalbari, north bengal in august-september of 1992. ninety-seven cases were investigated. bacterial pathogens were isolated from stools of 17 cases and the organisms were salmonella typhimurium (76%), salmonella enteritidis (12%) and shigella dysenteriae type 1(12%). a leukaemoid reaction was observed in 4 cases (24%) amongst all 17 patients and they were all children. | 1993 | 8263332 |
| serum antibody responses against shigella lipopolysaccharides and invasion plasmid-coded antigens in shigella infected swedish patients. | serum antibody responses to shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps) and invasion plasmid-coded antigens (ipa) were studied in 74 swedish patients with culture verified bacillary dysentery using class-specific enzyme immunoassay (eia). anti-lps responses were found in 80% and 79% serum samples, respectively, from s. flexneri and s. sonnei infected patients and anti-ipa responses in 60% and 43%, respectively. the mean anti-ipa igg antibody titres in s. flexneri infected patients remained high for 4-6 mo ... | 1993 | 8284641 |
| recent trends in the epidemiology of shigella species in israel. | trends in the epidemiology of infections due to shigella species over a period of 6 years (1986-1991) in israel were studied by analysis of the results of 51,300 stool cultures, of which 2,987 yielded shigella species. in a university hospital, the relative prevalence of shigella sonnei in patients with shigellosis increased over the years from 60% in 1986 to 91% in 1991 (r = 0.93; p = .007); concomitantly, the prevalence of shigella flexneri decreased from 29% to only 8% (r = -0.80; p < .05). i ... | 1993 | 8286636 |
| use of the vibrio cholerae irga gene as a locus for insertion and expression of heterologous antigens in cholera vaccine strains. | vibrio cholerae may be a particularly effective organism for use in delivering heterologous antigens to stimulate a common mucosal immune response. a live attenuated vaccine strain of v. cholerae was constructed from the ctxa deletion mutant 0395-n1, containing the b subunit of shiga-like toxin i under the transcriptional control of the iron-regulated irga promoter. the b subunit of shiga-like toxin i is identical to the b subunit of shiga toxin (stxb). irga encodes the major iron-regulated oute ... | 1993 | 8296486 |
| evaluation of a technique for identification of shiga-like toxin-producing escherichia coli by using polymerase chain reaction and digoxigenin-labeled probes. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for the identification of shiga-like toxin (slt)-producing escherichia coli was assessed by using 95 strains of slt-producing e. coli and 5 shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. pcr was used for the amplification of slt gene sequences from whole bacterial colonies. a digoxigenin-labeled dna probe was used for identification of the pcr products in a spot blot hybridization assay. modifications were made to adapt this technique for the proper identificati ... | 1993 | 8308107 |
| sequence of a variant shiga-like toxin type-i operon of escherichia coli o111:h-. | pcr amplification was used to screen faecal isolates of escherichia coli from a 12-month-old boy with haemolytic uraemic syndrome for the presence of shiga-like toxin (slt)-encoding genes. one isolate, belonging to serotype o111:h-, was positive for slt-i by this method. uv induction indicated that the strain was lysogenic for a lambdoid bacteriophage, but this did not encode the toxin. southern hybridization analysis of chromosomal dna revealed that the slt-i gene was located on an 8.5-kb ecori ... | 1993 | 8335264 |
| purification and crystallization of shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae. | the protein toxin produced by shigella dysenteriae consists of one enzymatically active a subunit of 293 amino acid residues and five b subunits of 69 amino acid residues that are involved with cell attachment. the holotoxin has been purified by blue sepharose and chromatofocusing column chromatography. two crystal forms of purified holotoxin have been grown by vapor diffusion. one grows as fine needles, hexagonal in cross-section, which do not diffract well enough to characterize crystallograph ... | 1993 | 8345529 |
| synthesis of a tetrasaccharide donor corresponding to the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | o-(2,4-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-chloroacetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1--> 2)-o-(3,4,6-tri-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1--> 3)-o-(2-acetamido-4,6-di-o-acetyl-2-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-(1--> 3)-2,4-di-o-benzoyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (1) was synthesized in a stepwise manner, using the following monosaccharide units: 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2,4-di-o-benzoyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside, 2-azido-4,6-o-benzylidene-3-o-chloroacetyl-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosyl chloride, met ... | 1993 | 8348552 |
| minimum domain of the shiga toxin a subunit required for enzymatic activity. | the minimum sequence of the enzymatic (a) subunit of shiga toxin (stx) required for activity was investigated by introducing n-terminal and c-terminal deletions in the molecule. enzymatic activity was assessed by using an in vitro translation system. a 253-amino-acid stx a polypeptide, which is recognized as the enzymatically active portion of the 293-amino-acid a subunit, expressed less than wild-type levels of activity. in addition, alteration of the proposed nicking site between ala-253 and s ... | 1993 | 8349540 |
| synthesis, characterization, and clinical evaluation of conjugate vaccines composed of the o-specific polysaccharides of shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri type 2a, and shigella sonnei (plesiomonas shigelloides) bound to bacterial toxoids. | the theoretic basis for developing conjugate vaccines, to induce immunoglobulin g (igg) lipopolysaccharide (lps) antibodies for the prevention of shigellosis, has been described (j. b. robbins, c.-y. chu, and r. schneerson, clin. infect. dis. 15:346-361, 1992). the o-specific polysaccharides (o-sps) of shigella dysenteriae type 1, s. flexneri type 2a, and s. sonnei were covalently bound to carrier proteins. alone, the o-sps were not immunogenic in mice. conjugates of these o-sps, injected into y ... | 1993 | 8359890 |
| shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: interleukin-1 beta enhancement of shiga toxin cytotoxicity toward human vascular endothelial cells in vitro. | development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) after infection by shigella dysenteriae 1 or enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli has been associated with the production of shiga toxins (verotoxins). the putative target of shiga toxins in hus is the renal microvascular endothelium. this report shows that preincubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) with interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) enhances the cytotoxic potency of shiga toxin toward huvec. a preincubation of huvec with il-1 be ... | 1993 | 8359910 |
| mutator plasmid in a nalidixic acid-resistant strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | a clinical isolate of shigella dysenteriae from kashmir, resistant to seven antibacterial agents including nalidixic acid, carried four plasmids, only one of which was transferable by conjugation. this plasmid, designated pyd1, conferred trimethoprim resistance and increased the frequency of mutation to nalidixic acid resistance in recipient strains. thus, although nalidixic acid resistance was not carried on a transferable plasmid, the presence of pyd1 increased the frequency at which the strai ... | 1993 | 8360123 |
| characterisation of plesiomonas shigelloides strains that share type-specific antigen with shigella flexneri 6 and common group 1 antigen with shigella flexneri spp. and shigella dysenteriae 1. | three strains of plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from patients with diarrhoea were agglutinated with shigella flexneri 6 antiserum in slide and tube tests. all the strains were also agglutinated with a monoclonal antibody to the common group 1 antigen shared between s. flexneri serotypes and s. dysenteriae type 1. further studies with one strain also showed sharing of antigenicity in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the results suggest that the strains share type-specific antigen with s. ... | 1993 | 8366520 |
| hemolytic uremic syndrome: clinical picture and bacterial connection. | 1993 | 8397909 | |
| production of mucinase and neuraminidase and binding of shigella to intestinal mucin. | production of mucinase and neuraminidase by shigella spp. and their ability to bind to mucin was investigated. all four species of shigella produced these enzymes. virulent and avirulent pairs of shigella did not differ in their ability to produce the enzymes after 18 h of growth. however, a significant difference in neuraminidase production was noted in shigella dysenteriae type 1 and s. boydii (12-15) at 10 h growth. avirulent strains of s. dysenteriae type 1, s. flexneri 2a, and s. boydii bou ... | 1993 | 8409287 |
| role of shigella dysenteriae type 1 slime polysaccharide in resistance to serum killing and phagocytosis. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 produce a slime polysaccharide when cultivated in vivo in adult rabbit ileal loops or in vitro in casamino acid yeast extract broth medium which promotes hemagglutination of these bacteria. seven strains of s. dysenteriae 1 grown in vitro and in vivo and possessing slime polysaccharides resisted killing by normal human serum as compared to bacteria grown under conditions which do not stimulate the production of capsular polysaccharide and did not resist serum killing ... | 1993 | 8412617 |
| enteric protein loss during shigellosis. | to determine whether protein-losing enteropathy occurs during shigellosis, we measured concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin in sequential stool samples from 110 adults hospitalized with acute dysentery due to shigella infection. mean stool concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin on admission were 10.9 micrograms/mg dry weight of stool. stool alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) lower on the 3rd and 5th study days (4.1 and 2.2 micrograms/mg, respectively) than on admis ... | 1993 | 8420274 |
| concentrations of interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor in serum and stools of children with shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. | serum interleukin 6 (il-6) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf) were measured in children with dysentery during an epidemic caused by shigella dysenteriae 1. il-6 and tnf were also measured in fresh stool filtrates from children with acute gastroenteritis. the median serum il-6 concentration was raised significantly in the children with complications (haemolytic uraemic syndrome, leukemoid reaction, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, and severe colitis lasting more than one week) during the first wee ... | 1993 | 8432472 |
| immune response against lipopolysaccharide and invasion plasmid-coded antigens of shigellae in vietnamese and swedish dysenteric patients. | the peripheral immune responses of adult vietnamese patients infected with shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri 1b and 2a and those of s. flexneri-infected swedish patients were studied against various lipopolysaccharide and invasion plasmid-coded antigens (ipa-s) and compared with the titers for the corresponding local healthy populations. both vietnamese and swedish patients reacted with significant (p, < 0.05) titer increases in the immunoglobulin a and g classes against the homologou ... | 1993 | 8432838 |
| rectal histopathology in endemic shigella and salmonella diarrhea. | rectal histopathology was evaluated in 34 cases (2 months-12 yrs old) of endemic "invasive diarrhea" [> 20 wbcs per high-power field on stool microscopy with (rbc positive) or without (rbc negative) associated rbcs] where s. dysenteriae (n = 9), s. flexneri (n = 11), and nontyphoidal salmonella were isolated as the sole identifiable enteropathogens. persistent diarrhea (> 14 days duration) was more common with salmonella infection whereas rbc-positive "invasive diarrhea" was more frequent with s ... | 1993 | 8433237 |
| detection of escherichia coli in sewage and sludge by polymerase chain reaction. | a method in which the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used was developed to amplify either a uida gene fragment or a 16s rrna gene fragment from escherichia coli in sewage and sludge. because of interference caused by humic acidlike substances, crude dna extracts were purified with a sephadex g-200 spun column before the pcr was begun. a southern analysis in which a nonradioactive chemiluminescent method was used was performed to confirm the presence of pcr products. the sensitivity of detec ... | 1993 | 8434906 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent-antibody methods for detecting viable but nonculturable shigella dysenteriae type 1 in laboratory microcosms. | epidemiological studies of shigellosis in bangladesh have demonstrated that surface-water sources can act as foci of infection. studies of laboratory microcosms have shown that shigellae become nonculturable but remain viable when exposed to environmental samples of water. the present study was carried out to detect viable but nonculturable shigella dysenteriae 1 from laboratory microcosms by the polymerase chain reaction and the fluorescent-antibody techniques. s. dysenteriae 1 was inoculated i ... | 1993 | 8434918 |
| superoxide dismutase and the resistance of escherichia coli to phagocytic killing by human neutrophils. | transformation of escherichia coli k-12-derived strains with a plasmid carrying the genetic determinants for synthesis of lipopolysaccharide o antigen by shigella dysenteriae allows the construction of phenotypically smooth derivatives. we show that such e. coli k-12 derivatives are highly resistant to killing by human serum. isogenic wild-type and sodb mutant (fe superoxide dismutase-deficient) strains were constructed. the results of experiments on phagocytic killing of these strains by human ... | 1993 | 8454348 |
| rapid detection of shigella dysenteriae and shigella flexneri in faeces by an immunomagnetic assay with monoclonal antibodies. | a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri serotypes in faeces based on capture of the bacteria with immunomagnetic particles is described. the particles were coated with either of two different monoclonal antibodies specific for the o-antigens of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri serotypes. captured bacteria were detected by an enzyme immunoassay with o-antigen specific rabbit antiserum. the whole assay required 2 to 3 hou ... | 1993 | 8462557 |
| a monoclonal antibody to shigella dysenteriae serotype 13 cross-reacting with shiga toxin. | a monoclonal antibody (mab ict6) was produced against the newly described shigella dysenteriae serotype type 13. the mab was of igm isotype and recognized purified shiga toxin in elisa and immunoblot. it also recognized periplasmic extract s. dysenteriae type 13 in immunoblot as did an affinity-purified polyclonal rabbit antiserum and a previously described monoclonal antibody to the b subunit of shiga toxin. the mab ict6 did not neutralize the cytotoxic effects or s. dysenteriae type 13, shiga ... | 1993 | 8472916 |
| role of bacterial cytotoxins in hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. | bacterial cytotoxins, which are produced by shigella dysenteriae 1 and certain e. coli serotypes, kill mammalian cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. they have been related to hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, probably by initial insult to vascular endothelial cells. this insight opened new avenues of research and possible interventions. | 1993 | 8476235 |
| shigellemia in aids patients: case report and review of the literature. | shigella bacteremia in adult patients is rare and is usually associated with immunosuppressive diseases. to date, 12 hiv-positive patients with shigella bacteremia have been reported in the medical literature. we report a case of shigella dysenteriae bacteremia in a 39-year-old hiv-positive patient. although the patient presented with bloody and watery diarrhea, stool cultures failed to grow enteric pathogens. the patient responded well to appropriate antibiotic therapy. | 1993 | 8491521 |
| isolation of shigella dysenteriae serotypes 11, 12, and 13 from patients with diarrhea in bangladesh. | nine isolates of bacteria biochemically resembling shigella dysenteriae but not belonging to the 10 recognized serotypes were isolated from patients with diarrhea in bangladesh. further studies suggested that two, one, and six isolates belonged to the recently recognized s. dysenteriae serotypes 11, 12, and 13, respectively. | 1993 | 8501251 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding a 31-kilodalton antigen of haemophilus somnus. | immunoblots using bovine antibody against haemophilus somnus as the primary antibody consistently identified 31-, 40- and 78-kda proteins in sarkosyl-insoluble extracts of h. somnus. a genomic library of h. somnus 8025 dna was constructed in plasmid puc19, and 45 recombinants expressed proteins which were recognized by bovine antiserum in western blots (immunoblots). ten of the recombinants expressing a 31-kda protein caused the lysis of bovine erythrocytes. restriction endonuclease mapping indi ... | 1993 | 8514383 |
| molecular studies of plasmids of multiply-resistant shigella spp. in hong kong. | one hundred and two shigella spp. isolated in two hospitals in hong kong were analysed for antibiotic resistances, resistance plasmids and plasmid profiles. three quarters of the isolates were s. flexneri. all isolates harboured plasmids, up to a maximum of ten within one strain. plasmids of 220 kb encoding resistances to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and sulphonamide and probably also associated with invasiveness in the sereny test were found in 80 strains and were transferable in 18% of cases. ... | 1993 | 8519309 |
| epidemic shigella dysenteriae type 1 in natal. | since its first isolation in south africa in 1994, shigella dysenteriae type 1 has now spread to cause an epidemic outbreak in natal kwazulu, resulting in a steep rise in admissions for dysentery and the haemolytic uraemic syndrome in children. we report on the epidemic as it has evolved so far. a large outbreak is to be expected in south africa in view of large scale poverty, lack of housing, and adequate water and sanitation, unless urgent public health measures are taken. | 1995 | 8531259 |
| shigellosis in children from north india: a clinicopathological study. | stool samples of 1488 children suffering from acute diarrhoea were studied for bacterial culture and sensitivity. shigella culture was positive in 143 (10 per cent) children and 53 hospitalized children could be studied in detail. thirty-six (68 per cent) children were under 2 years of age and peak prevalence was observed in summer months. fever and diarrhoea were universal features; 96 per cent had blood and mucus in the stools, but 32 per cent started with watery diarrhoea lasting 1-3 days fol ... | 1995 | 8531265 |
| peripheral blood neutrophil responses in children with shigellosis. | alterations in peripheral blood neutrophil function are known to occur in patients with colitis and may have a role in precipitating nonspecific tissue injury. it is not known whether neutrophil function is altered in patients with shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection, during which there is extensive colitis and which may be associated with life-threatening complications in young children. three aspects of peripheral blood neutrophil function, polarization, attachment to yeast particles, and lo ... | 1995 | 8548543 |
| [the chemical and immunochemical characteristics of the antigens of shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated by using hydroxylamine hydrochloride]. | 1995 | 8553750 | |
| [the immunomodulating activity of shigella dysenteriae 1 strains differing by their capacity for invasion and shiga toxin production]. | 1995 | 8553759 | |
| binding specificity for four monoclonal antibodies recognizing terminal gal alpha 1-->4gal residues in haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide. | four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive with the outer-core region of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from haemophilus influenzae were generated after immunization with azide-killed h. influenzae rm.7004 ah1-2 and their epitope specificities studied. the monoclonal antibodies: mahi 6 (igm), mahi 5 (igg2a), mahi 8 (igg3), and mahi 11 (igg2b) bound to synthetic glycoconjugates or glycolipids with terminal galabiosyl (gal alpha 1-->4gal beta 1-) or globotriaosyl (gal alpha 1-->4gal beta 1 1- ... | 1995 | 8559043 |
| microbiological investigation of diarrhoea epidemics among rwandan refugees in zaire. | 1995 | 8560524 | |
| role of enteric nervous system in shigella dysenteriae type 1 toxin-induced fluid secretion in rabbit ileum. | intracellular-free calcium concentrations were measured in the intestinal epithelial cells isolated from the rabbit ileum treated with shigella dysenteriae type 1 toxin. there is almost a five-fold increase in the [ca+2]i levels in the epithelial cells isolated from the toxin-treated rabbit ileum compared to control. the [ca+2]i levels were also measured in the presence or absence of tetrodotoxin, a neurotoxin, and atropine, a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist. these drugs significantly decrease ... | 1995 | 8568191 |
| serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of shigellae isolated from diarrhoeal patients in yangon, myanmar. | in myanmar there is a changing pattern in the prevalence of shigella strains with an increasing antimicrobial resistance, and, thus the serotype prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of shigellae were studied in 1993. dysenteric stool samples were collected from the laboratory of infectious diseases hospital, yangon during january-june 1993. the shigella isolates were identified by the standard bacteriologic procedures. four hundred and sixty stool samples containing blood and mucous wer ... | 1995 | 8568195 |
| potential virulence of viable but nonculturable shigella dysenteriae type 1. | we examined a virulent strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1 after induction into the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state for its ability to (i) maintain the shiga toxin (stx) gene; (ii) maintain biologically active shiga toxin (sht); and (iii) adhere to intestinal epithelial cells (henle 407 cell line). pcr was used to amplify the stx gene from vbnc cells of s. dysenteriae type 1, thereby establishing its presence even when cells are in the vbnc state. vbnc s. dysenteriae type 1 sht was monit ... | 1996 | 8572688 |
| [species and serovar-distribution, and drug-resistance of shigella strains isolated from imported and domestic cases from 1990 through 1994 in tokyo]. | a total of 446 shigella strains consisting of 336 imported and 110 domestic strains isolated in tokyo from 1990 to 1994 were examined for their species and serovar-distribution, and their drug-resistance. in both imported and domestic strains, s. sonnei was found to be the most prevalent species, followed by s. flexneri. in imported strains, however, the isolation frequency of s. flexneri, s. boydii and s. dysenteriae were higher than that of domestic strains, and the serovar of each species was ... | 1995 | 8586884 |
| haemolytic uraemic syndrome following shigella dysenteriae type 1 outbreak in zimbabwe: a clinical experience. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 related dysentery outbreak in zimbabwe at the end of 1992 has been associated with an increase in the frequency of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus). in order to document this new clinical experience a retrospective study was undertaken to document clinical and laboratory features, treatment and outcome of children with hus. during the period january 1993 to june 1994, 96 children with hus were seen at the referral hospitals in harare. severe and prolonged anaemia was ... | 1995 | 8591635 |
| expression of flagella and motility by shigella. | since the discovery of shigella as the aetiologic agent of acute dysentery almost 100 years ago, this organism has been described as a non-motile and nonflagellated organism that invades the human colonic mucosa. in this study, the production of flagella by prototypic strains of all four shigella species and, moreover, by fresh clinical isolates was demonstrated by electron microscopy. the flagellum of shigella (flash) is approximately 10 microns long and 12-14 nm in diameter and is typically se ... | 1995 | 8596461 |
| differentiation-associated toxin receptor modulation, cytokine production, and sensitivity to shiga-like toxins in human monocytes and monocytic cell lines. | infections with shiga toxin-producing shigella dysenteriae type 1 or shiga-like toxin (slt)-producing escherichia coli cause bloody diarrhea and are associated with an increased risk of acute renal failure and severe neurological complications. histopathological examination of human and animal tissues suggests that the target cells for toxin action are vascular endothelial cells. proinflammatory cytokines regulate endothelial cell membrane expression of the glycolipid globotriaosylceramide (gb(3 ... | 1996 | 8606075 |
| changes in the peripheral blood t-cell receptor v beta repertoire in vivo and in vitro during shigellosis. | a sequential activation of t cells in peripheral blood during shigello sis has been observer (d. islam, p.k. bradham, a. a. lindberg, and b. christensson, infect. immun 63:2941-2949, 1995). to further investigate the cellular response during the course of shigella infection, changes in the t-cell receptor (tcr) repertoire in the subsets in blood in patients during shigellosis was that shigella antigens may modulate the function of t cells carrying tcrs capable of recognizing shigella-specific ep ... | 1996 | 8606106 |
| shigellosis in thai children: experience from a rural hospital 1985-1993. | six hundred and ninety-four cases of shigellosis in nakhon nayok hospital from january 1985 to december 1993 were studied to determine epidemiologic and microbiological features. forty-five percent of cases were children under the age of 14 years. the majority of cases were in children under the age of four. the organism was found throughout the year, with peak incidence in june and july. the most common type isolated was shigella flexneri, about 74.43%. only 0.32% of organisms were shigella dys ... | 1995 | 8629073 |
| effect of growth condition on in-vitro susceptibility of shigella dysenteriae type 1 killing by murine peritoneal macrophages. | the intracellular fate of shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains grown in casamino acid-yeast extract (cye) broth and nutrient broth (nb) was studied in casein-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. virulent strains 14731 and w30864 cultured in nb and opsonised with normal mouse serum were susceptible to killing by peritoneal macrophages (66 sem 1.7% killing by 2 h). in contrast, both strains grown in cye broth and opsonised with normal mouse serum showed resistance to killing by peritoneal macroph ... | 1996 | 8642582 |
| dissociation between cytokine mrna expression and protein production in shigellosis. | in our study, infection with shigella dysenteriae type 1 (n = 16) or shigella flexneri in adults (n = 5) was associated with a gradual accumulation of mrna for interleukin (il)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, il-6, transforming growth factor-beta, il-10, il-4, tnf-beta, interferon (ifn)-gamma and perforin in the rectal biopsy samples during the convalescent stage of the disease demonstrated by in situ hybridization. in contrast, immunohistochemical staining in rectal tissues of cytoki ... | 1996 | 8647178 |
| local entrapment of interferon gamma in the recovery from shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection. | in healthy controls (n = 8) living in shigella endemic areas, accumulation of interferon gamma (ifn gamma) in the epithelial lining was seen in the rectal tissues. at the single cell level, however, few or no ifn gamma protein producing cells or mrna expressing cells were detected at that site indicating the involvement of the whole large intestine in the production of ifn gamma in controls. persistent numbers of ifn gamma producing cells were detected in the rectum of patients with shigella dys ... | 1996 | 8675083 |
| detection and characterization of the flagellar master operon in the four shigella subgroups. | strains in the genus shigella are nonmotile, but they retain some cryptic flagellar operons whether functional or defective (a.tominaga, m. a.-h. mahmoud, t. mukaihara, and m. enomoto, mol. microbiol. 12:277-285, 1994). to disclose the cause of motility loss in shigellae, the presence or defectiveness of the flhd and flhc genes, composing the master operon whose mutation causes inactivation of the entire flagellar regulon, was examined in the four shigella subgroups. the flhd operon cloned from ... | 1996 | 8682772 |
| nalidixic acid-resistant shigella dysenteriae type i in kwazulu-natal. | 1996 | 8685796 | |
| an outbreak of dysentery in zambia. | 1996 | 8685797 | |
| construction of recombinant aroa salmonellae stably producing the shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 o-antigen and structural characterization of the salmonella/shigella hybrid lps. | the tn501 mercury resistant transposon containing the rfp and rfb loci encoding biosynthesis of the o-antigen of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 lipopolysaccharide (lps) was constructed and introduced into aroa mutants of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella dublin. in five recombinant strains, both homologous lps and hybrid lps, consisting of salmonella lipid a-core and shigella o-antigen, were produced. all derivatives but one (sl3235) stably inherited the new trait. immunofluorescence micros ... | 1996 | 8692007 |
| [technology of processing carbonized root of sanguisorba of ficinalis l. and the quality standards for its prepared pieces]. | the technology of processing carbonized root of sanguisorba of ficinalis was selected using orthogonal experiment design. the result shows that the best way is to stir-fry the drug in a pan for 7.5 min at 250 degrees c. the contents of trace elements in the prepared piece are significantly increased, and the prepared piece have marked hemostatic and bacteriostastic effects. | 1995 | 8703334 |
| [bacterial dysentery in 1994]. | 1996 | 8711142 | |
| surface display compared to periplasmic expression of a malarial antigen in salmonella typhimurium and its implications for immunogenicity. | two different expression systems were investigated for the production of an 80 amino acid polypeptide, m3, from the c-terminus of the plasmodium falciparum blood stage antigen pf155/resa in an attenuated salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain. upon expression, the malarial polypeptide was targeted either to the periplasm as a soluble fusion protein containing two igg-binding domains (zz) from the staphylococcal protein a or, to the bacterial surface as an insert within a chimeric outer membrane p ... | 1995 | 8745001 |
| insertion and orientation of a synthetic peptide representing the c-terminus of the a1 domain of shiga toxin into phospholipid membranes. | shiga toxin is a bacterial protein composed of one a and five b subunits. its a chain possesses a protease sensitive loop (cys-242-cys-261) that is cleaved to produce an enzymatically active a1 domain and an a2 fragment associated with its b subunit pentamer. the proposed mode of action of the toxin is linked to its retrograde transport to the er lumen followed by the translocation of its catalytic a1 chain to the cytoplasmic side of the er membrane. a signal sequence-like domain (residues 220-2 ... | 1996 | 8755710 |
| bloody diarrhoea of adults in malawi: clinical features, infectious agents, and antimicrobial sensitivities. | in a prospective study, 132 hospital out-patients presenting with bloody diarrhoea ('cases') were evaluated in malawi, central africa; 73 out-patient tuberculosis suspects acted as controls. most (100/132, 76%) subjects reported an illness lasting < or = 5 d with > 5 bowel actions in the preceding 12 h; 39/132 (30%) reported use of systemic antimicrobial drugs in the preceding week; 57% (74/130) had a body mass index < 20; 4% (5/131) were febrile; and 18/130 (13%) had one or more sign(s) of dehy ... | 1996 | 8758078 |
| azithromycin prophylaxis prevents epidemic dysentery. | 1996 | 8758091 | |
| shigella infections. | shigella dysentery is a major public-health problem in many tropical areas. despite improvements in water supplies and sanitation, it continues to be a disease of poor rural and urban communities and in populations affected by migration and crowding following disasters. pathogenesis is due to colonic invasion, endotoxin, and, in shigella dysenteriae 1, shiga toxin. as well as the local manifestations of dysentery, systemic complications include convulsions, haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, hyponatra ... | 1996 | 8762400 |
| murine splenocyte proliferation by porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and inhibition of bacterial invasion of hela cell by anti-porin antibody. | the purified porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 showed strong mitogenic activity for murine splenocytes. preincubation of s. dysenteriae type 1 with anti-porin antibody reduced the bacterial plaque formation in hela cell monolayers by 45%. the two immunobiological activities indicate that porin might be important in the induction of protective immunity against shigellosis. | 1996 | 8764507 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of 299 strains of shigella isolated in burundi]. | bacillary dysentery which occurs endemoepidemically in burundi is currently on the rise and requires close epidemiologic and therapeutic monitoring. sensitivity tests using 13 antibiotics were performed on 299 strains of shigella isolated at the biology laboratory of the bujumbura university hospital center. the technique used to test antibiotic sensitivity was the disc diffusion method described by chabert et al. of the 299 strains studied, 250 (83.6%) were species of shigella dysenteriae type ... | 1996 | 8767790 |
| antibody response to outer membrane proteins in shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection with special reference to appearance of murine antibodies. | in shigellosis, the protective immune mechanism is not well established. the bacterial outer membrane proteins (omps) may have a role in the induction of immunity due to their outwardly location. the serum antibody response of s. dysenteriae type 1 infected patients against omps was assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a striking elevation of serum igg response was noted during the convalescent phase. murine antiserum directed against s. dysenteriae 1 omps was found to be highl ... | 1996 | 8783518 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of potash alum. | this study reports the bactericidal activity of potash alum when added to water, against various epidemic causing enteric pathogens like vibrio cholerae 01, v. cholerae 0139 and shigella dysenteriae 1 by lowering the ph of water (from 6.0 to 4.0). growth of the enteric pathogens was monitored in vitro by inoculating broth cultures of the different organisms in distilled water containing increasing concentrations of potash alum and quantitatively determining the concentration of viable organisms ... | 1996 | 8783521 |
| immunomagnetic separation and pcr detection show shigellae to be common faecal agents in children from urban marginal communities of costa rica. | culture and immunomagnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction assays (ims-pcr) were used to isolate and identify shigella flexneri, s. dysenteriae type i and s. sonnei in faeces from 250 children up to 5 years and from their mothers (n = 143) selected at random from a large urban marginal community of costa rica. children hospitalized because of severe diarrhoea (n = 110) were also studied. only s. flexneri, mainly serotype 2a, and s. sonnei were found by culture. all specimens in which shigel ... | 1996 | 8793710 |
| purification of a cell-associated hemagglutinin from shigella dysenteriae type 1. | a cell-associated hemagglutinin (ha) was isolated and purified from a clinical isolate of shigella dysenteriae type 1 by affinity chromatography on a fetuin-agarose column. the purified hemagglutinin produced a single-stained protein band of around 66 kda in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). in an immunodiffusion test, ha-antisera produced a single precipitin band against the purified ha without exhibiting any reactivity towards lipopolysaccharide (lps) of s. ... | 1996 | 8809540 |
| absorption of macronutrients from a calorie-dense diet in malnourished children during acute shigellosis. | a metabolic balance study was performed to determine the absorption of macronutrients and energy from different food items in 23 malnourished children aged 12 to 48 months with clinically severe acute dysentery due to shigellosis. in a 72-h balance period, the absorption of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and total energy was determined. all the children received a standard hospital diet; 12 children in the test group were offered an additional calorie-dense milk (5.0 kj/ml with a protein-energy rat ... | 1996 | 8811519 |
| [physicians without borders and diarrhea as a cause of illness and death in refugee camps]. | 1996 | 8815408 | |
| emergence of nalidixic acid resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in thailand: an outbreak associated with consumption of a coconut milk dessert. | although shigella dysenteriae type 1 has been responsible for large outbreaks of severe dysentery in many parts of asia, relatively few cases of this disease have been reported from thailand and have generally not involved nalidixic acid resistant strains. | 1995 | 8824867 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity to epidemic strains of vibrio cholerae and shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated in rwandan refugee camps in zaire]. | multiresistance or epidemic enteric bacteria to antibiotics greatly complicates treatment, and in some cases prophylaxis, of severe invasive gastroenteritis. during the summer of 1994, two epidemics of diarrhea, one due to vibrio cholerae and the other to shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated from the goma and bukavu camps was determined by measurement of the agar minimal inhibitory concentration. multiresistance to tetracyclins, aminopenicillins, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, and nifuroxazide was obs ... | 1995 | 8830219 |
| hospitalized dysentery cases during an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae type i: ndanga district hospital, zimbabwe. | to describe the characteristics of patients admitted with bloody diarrhoea; to assess clinical management; and to identify organisms isolated in laboratories and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. | 1996 | 8870316 |
| production, characterization and immunodiagnostic application of a monoclonal antibody to shiga toxin. | a mouse monoclonal antibody (mab ict7) that is specific for shiga toxin was produced. the mab neutralises the cytotoxic effects of both purified shiga toxin and culture extracts of shigella dysenteriae type 1 in hela cells. using mab ict7 and polyclonal rabbit antiserum, a sandwich elisa was developed. this test detects shiga toxin in both s. dysenteriae type 1 bacterial extracts and in stools of patients with s. dysenteriae type 1 infection. the elisa also detects toxin in enterohaemorrhagic es ... | 1996 | 8870402 |
| does treatment of bloody diarrhea due to shigella dysenteriae type 1 with ampicillin precipitate hemolytic uremic syndrome? | 1995 | 8903184 | |
| towards a vaccine candidate against shigella dysenteriae 1: expression of the shiga toxin b-subunit in an attenuated shigella flexneri arod carrier strain. | shiga toxin is considered to be one of the main causes of severe side effects, such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome, of shigellosis. the genetic determinants for a fusion of its b-subunit (stxb), which mediates toxin binding to target cells, with the cooh-terminus of escherichia coli hemolysin a (stx'-'hlya) has been combined with the determinants of the accessory translocator proteins hlyb and hlyd in a notl cassette. this cassette has been integrated via a mini-transposon into a recombinant v ... | 1996 | 8905616 |
| epidemic dysentery caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1: a sentinel site surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in burundi. | annual epidemics of bacillary dysentery have been a public health problem in burundi for the last 14 years. recent civil unrest, resulting in the displacement of large numbers of people into refugee settlements, has aggravated the situation. we report the results of a nationwide, health-centre based, sentinel site survey to check the drug resistance of shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1), the causal organism of such epidemics. shigella spp. (of which 97% were sd1) were isolated from 73% of the 126 ... | 1995 | 8907772 |
| lipopolysaccharide-specific antibodies in plasma and stools of children with shigella-associated leukemoid reaction and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. | antibody responses to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of shigellae were compared between children with uncomplicated and complicated shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. one hundred fifteen children between 12 and 60 months of age with s. dysenteriae 1 infection were studied. of these children, 42 had complications (leukemoid reaction and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome [complicated shigellosis] and 73 had no complications (uncomplicated shigellosis). antibodies to the lps of s. dysenteriae 1 and shigell ... | 1996 | 8914761 |
| tetracycline resistance determinants: mechanisms of action, regulation of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution. | tetracycline-resistant bacteria were first isolated in 1953 from shigella dysenteriae, a bacterium which causes bacterial dysentery. since then tetracycline-resistant bacterial have been found in increasing numbers of species and genera. this has resulted in reduced effectiveness of tetracycline therapy over time. tetracycline resistance is normally due to the acquisition of new genes often associated with either a mobile plasmid or a transposon. these tetracycline resistance determinants are di ... | 1996 | 8916553 |
| semiquantitative estimation of shigella antigen-specific antibodies: correlation with disease severity during shigellosis. | systemic and mucosal antibody responses during shigellosis were analysed and correlated with clinical severity. patients infected with shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sdip), and s. flexneri (sfip) were grouped according to disease severity. the disease was more severe in sdip than in sfip. higher levels of shigella antigen-specific serum antibodies were associated with severe disease. in contrast, decreased serum levels of igg, igm and total protein were associated with severe disease. faecal level ... | 1996 | 8920810 |
| [cholera in goma, july 1994. bioforce]. | in 1994, between july 14 and july 20, around one million of rwandan refugees fled to the north kivu region of zaire. in spite of the existence of favorable conditions for cholera, it was necessary to wait until the laboratories isolated the first strain of cholera, on july 20 and 21, before the international community took action in one of the most important outbreaks of cholera known. the total number of cases of cholera was 36 471, of which half occurred between july 21 and july 27, reaching a ... | 1996 | 8927778 |
| characterization of is199 from streptococcus mutans v403. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the insertion sequence is199 has been determined. this novel element was found in streptococcus mutans v403 where dna hybridization studies suggested that it was present in multiple copies on the genome. is199 is 1220 bp and appears unique to the mutans streptococci. a limited epidemiological survey revealed this element to occur infrequently in this group (4/50 strains examined). is199 belongs to the is3 family of procaryotic insertion sequence elements. it c ... | 1996 | 8938047 |
| differentiation of bacterial 16s rrna genes and intergenic regions and mycobacterium tuberculosis katg genes by structure-specific endonuclease cleavage. | we describe here a new approach for analyzing nucleic acid sequences using a structure-specific endonuclease, cleavase i. we have applied this technique to the detection and localization of mutations associated with isoniazid resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis and for differentiating bacterial genera, species and strains. the technique described here is based on the observation that single strands of dnas can assume defined conformations, which can be detected and cleaved by structure-spec ... | 1996 | 8940459 |