Publications

shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages--genomes in motion.	shiga toxins (stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins that are involved in human and animal disease. stx are mainly produced by escherichia coli isolated from human and non-human sources, shigella dysenteriae type 1, and sporadically, by citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and shigella flexneri. the genes encoding stx are encoded in the genome of heterogeneous lambdoid prophages (stx-converting bacteriophages; stx-phages). they are located in a similar position in the late region of th ...	2004	15493821
role of anti-cd3 in modulation of th1-type immune response in shigella dysenteriae infection.	a murine model was used to evaluate the role of anti-cd3 in modulating a th1-type response by restimulation of t-cells after immunization with the 57 kda immunodominant antigen of shigella dysenteriae 1 outer-membrane proteins (omps), followed by shigella infection after immunization. to observe the effect of anti-cd3, other t-cell cultures were also established following anti-cd1, anti-il2 and phytohaemagglutinin stimulation. anti-cd3 stimulation of reconstituted t-cells showed 'mean' levels of ...	2004	15496383
two-stage anaerobic digestion process for complete inactivation of enteric bacterial pathogens in human night soil.	anaerobic digestion offers a good alternative for human waste treatment. however, the fate of enteric bacterial pathogens present in human night soil (hns) remains a major concern for hygienic safety of the process. a two-stage anaerobic digestion process, consisting of separate acidogenic and methanogenic digesters, was designed and its efficacy in the inactivation of salmonella typhi was compared to a single-stage digestion process. in a single-stage digestion, complete pathogen inactivation w ...	2004	15536996
role of 57 kda major antigenic component of shigella dysenteriae outer membrane proteins in induction of major histocompatibility complex ii-restricted t-cell response.	in the past, many shigella surface antigens were used to activate both t and b lymphocytes but failed to induce antigen-specific responses in shigellosis. our objective was to identify in vitro t-cell components using 57 kda major antigenic fraction of shigella dysenteriae 1 (ipc-31) outer membrane proteins (omps) in modulating specific t-cell subset responses against shigellosis.	2004	15610914
release of shiga toxin by membrane vesicles in shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 strains and in vitro effects of antimicrobials on toxin production and release.	effects of various antimicrobials on in vitro shiga toxin production and release by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 was investigated in this study with particular reference to the role of outer membrane vesicles in toxin release by the organism. five antimicrobials, namely nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, fosfomycin and mitomycin c, were chosen for the study and the toxin titre was measured by the reverse passive latex agglutination (rpla) method using an available kit. only mitomycin ...	2004	15611613
[modulation of immune system cells by lactobacilli].	the influence of lactobacilli on the proliferative potential of immune system cells after the intragastral administration of viable microbial cells and their native filtrates to mice cba is evaluated. the data have been obtained on the modulating influence of lactobacilli on the formation of t- and b-cell immune response--their role in maintaining homeostatsis and specific features of cell mediated immune reactions after the intragastral administration of virulent shigella dysenteriae for modeli ...	2004	15636142
patterns of bleeding in adolescents with severe haemophilia a.	eighty-two boys with severe haemophilia a who spent some time at lord mayor treloar college during 1973-7 were studied. all episodes of bleeding that occurred during term time were recorded, along with the number of transfusions. the bleeding frequency among these boys, most of them aged 10-17 years, increased steadily from 8,31 episodes/100 days in 1973 to 12,63 episodes/100 days in 1977. at the same time there was a steady fall in bleeding frequency with age. altogether 24% of bleeding episode ...	2004	427411
[use of biguanides in the treatment of diabetes. (official information from the drug commission of the union committee for labor, health, and social welfare)].		2004	531665
regeneration of cervical epithelium following laser destruction of intraepithelial neoplasia.		2004	523042
[effectiveness of psychotherapy in the treatment of adolescents].		2004	515252
thombocyte function in relation to the long term application of medroxyprogesterone acetate as a female contraceptive agent.		2004	529167
gorham's syndrome (massive osteolysis): a case report.		2004	2213318
[patellectomy: indications and long-term results (author's transl)].		2004	532010
physical studies of cell surface and cell membrane structure. deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of deuterium-labelled n-hexadeconoylgalactosylceramides (cerebrosides).	1. deuterium fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of a series of n-palmitoylgalactosylceramides (cerebrosides) specifically labelled with deuterium at one of positions 2', 6', 10' and 16' of the acyl chain, or in the c-6 hydroxymethyl group of the galactose residue, have been obtained using a spin-echo technique at 34.1 mhz with a homebuilt superconducting magnet spectrometer. 2. the effects of temperature and cholesterol on the deuterium spectra have been investigated. the resul ...	2004	534624
against the tide.		2004	523565
microelectrode artifacts and frog skin potentials.		2004	522131
malignant melanoma arising in an unstable burn scar.		2004	444775
cryosectioning of undecalcified tissues for immunofluorescence.	the present report describes a procedure for preparing 4--6 micrometers cryostat sections of undecalcified fresh frozen tissue which contain hard tissue, for immunofluorescence. the apparatus used is a cryomicrotome originally designed for cutting sections for whole body autoradiography. to obtain cryostat sections suitable for tissue immunofluorescence the standard procedure was modified with respect to the hardness and edges of the microtome knife, the temperature of the cryostat and the carbo ...	2004	387879
clonal deletion of self-reactive t cells at the early stage of t cell development in thymus of radiation bone marrow chimeras.	sequential appearance of t cell subpopulations occurs in the thymocytes of irradiated c3h/he mice (h-2k, mls-1b2a, thy-1.2) after transplantation with bone marrow cells of akr/j mice (h-2k, mls-1a2b, thy-1.1) (akr----c3h chimeras). the donor-derived thymocytes of akr----c3h chimeras on day 14 after bone marrow transplantation (bmt) contained a large number of blastlike cd4+cd8+ cells which represent relatively immature thymocytes, whereas those on day 21 after bmt consisted of small sized cd4+,c ...	2004	2141619
[treatment of trochanteric fractures by means of intramedullary nailing from the distal metaphysis].		2004	421608
a. edward maumenee--an appreciation.		2004	384795
patient education and complete denture maintenance.		2004	321280
medico-legal aspects of private practice.		2004	523561
moorcroft: the first modern eye-surgeon in punjab.		2004	387585
hemophilia--a challenge for the nurse anesthetist.		2004	525232
[analysis of the structure of the sinus rhythm in the diagnosis of a rheumatic heart lesion in children].		2004	524779
prenatal and intrapartum high-risk screening. ii. risk factors reassessed.	a method of identifying the high-risk pregnancy by a quantitative assessment of prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal factors is presented. calculating the probabilities of neonatal risk can be done with a hand-held calculator. the technique described provides a method of assessing the importance of perinatal variables and determining the effect of the process of health care on outcome.	2004	517589
[risk involved in decision to change genital gender, illustrated by a case report].		2004	515256
[diagnostic measures in nuclear medicine. 1. diagnosis of kidney diseases].		2004	511058
[international day of the child].		2004	427841
sickle cell screening.		2004	419344
presentation of the 1977 henry baldwin ward medal.		2004	368303
[achievements in gastric surgery in ukraine during 60 years of the soviet rule].		2004	342803
[interaction between plasma glycoproteins and concanavalin a: significance of the blastic transformation test. (i)].		2004	415751
[continuous noninvasive recording of circulatory parameters while performing the valsalva test under elevated ambient pressure].	the results are presented which confirm applicability of the valsalva test as a functional exercise for the cardiovascular system while studying changes of the circulation regulation under high ambient pressure. methods of transthoracic tetrapolar impedance plethysmography, electro- and intervalocardiography and mean arterial pressure measurement by means of the oscillometric servosystem are shown as adequate and highly informative under these conditions.	2005	1790814
[osteomyelitis].		2005	544236
shiga toxins: potent poisons, pathogenicity determinants, and pharmacological agents.	the shiga toxins (stxs), also known as vero toxins and previously called shiga-like toxins, are a family of potent protein synthesis inhibitors made by shigella dysenteriae type 1 and some serogroups of escherichia coli that cause bloody diarrhea in humans. stxs act as virulence factors for both s. dysenteriae and e. coli and contribute to the disease process initiated by those organisms both directly and indirectly. a handful of methods exist for toxin purification, and the toxins can now even ...	2005	26443514
isolation of pathogenic bacteria from hospital staff apparel in nigeria.	a survey of bacteria contamination of hospital staff apparel in use in anambra state, nigeria, was carried out to determine the extent of contamination by clinically important bacteria. of a total of 125 swab samples of hospital staff apparel, 72 (58%) showed bacterial contamination including 32 (70%) of 46 samples from hand gloves, 28 of 45 (62%) samples from protective gowns, and 12 of 34 (35%) samples from face-shields. the potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated were salmonella spp, proteus ...	2005	27529000
sixth annual ecp (european organization for cooperation in cancer prevention studies) symposium. international symposium on gastric carcinogenesis. london, march 7-8, 1988. abstracts.		2005	3345511
[psychiatric side-effects of levodopa treatment].		2005	1265908
circadian properties of the rhythmic system in individual nucleated and enucleated cells of acetabularia mediterranea.		2005	1248525
[morphology of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome].		2005	1196095
[clinical studies for usefulness of gd-dtpa enhanced mri in lung cancer].	to evaluate utility of gd-dtpa enhanced mri (gd-mri) in lung cancer, gd-mri was performed in 69 cases. 1) viable tumor was strongly enhanced, necrosis in the tumor, however, was not enhanced on gd-mri. enhanced patterns of gd-mri were divided into 3 types, however there was little correlation between the enhancement patterns and histologic types. 2) in serial scan studies of 15 cases, the signal intensity of the tumor reached the peak 3 minutes to 10 minutes after gd-dtpa administration, and aft ...	2005	1315952
[sputum cytology and pulmonary reactions to air pollution].		2005	1169496
[lipid and mineral metabolism and morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity in miners].	examination is performed on 87 miners from mine for copper production subject to intensive local vibrations with average rate of increase (k) of the norms for the individual octave frequencies 2.4 times for 3 h exposure of the working shift, as well as to intensive noise--113-115 db/a equivalent level, general dust--23 mg/m3, fine dust--3.5 mg/m3 and fine quartz--0.43 mg/m3. there are data for vibration effect--changes in the cold test, vibration sensoriness, ultra sound sonometry, in all miners ...	2005	1364539
the measurement of iron-binding capacity in serum and purified transferrin with the aid of chemical affinity chromatography.	in a mew method for the estimation of transferrin by iron-binding capacity iron is added as the tartrate in nacl with about 10 mm bicarbonate. the excess iron is removed by passage through deae-sephadex a-50 previously treated with the iron chelator disodium catechol-3,5-disulphonate. the iron remaining bound to transferrin is measured without protein precipitation by the use of ferrozine. the method is applicable to fresh, frozen, or lyophilized serum, purified transferrin, and some quality con ...	2005	1127111
a study of the words used to describe pain.		2005	3481252
cytogenetic evaluation of bone marrow involvement in burkitt's lymphoma.	twenty-six bone marrow samples from 21 patients with burkitt's lymphoma were examined cytogenetically after short-term culture. clonal chromosomal changes were detected in one of 18 samples from morphologically normal marrows, and in three out of six samples with verified tumor invasion. three patients had the translocation (8;14)(q24;q32) and one had t(2;8)(p12;q24). two samples with suspect tumor involvement (less than 5% putative tumor cells) showed no clonal abnormalities. in two samples wit ...	2005	3367654
does adequate control of diabetes in the preinfarction period improve the short-term postinfarction course?	it is uncertain whether adequate preinfarction diabetes control would alter the clinical outcome in diabetic patients once myocardial infarction has occurred. this study attempts an evaluation. diabetic patients admitted successively to the cardiac intensive care unit with their first acute myocardial infarction were enrolled and followed throughout hospitalization. every fourth consecutive patient with infarction, but not diabetic, was assigned to a control group. all patients were kept in the ...	2005	1482779
[cutaneous evaporimetry. ii. the cutaneous water loss (cwl) in pregnancy].		2005	548078
platelet monoamine oxidase activity in patients with chronic schizophrenic illnesses untreated by neuroleptic drugs [proceedings].		2005	1234010
effect of a mixture of cryoprotectants in attaining liquid nitrogen survival of callus cultures of a tropical plant.		2005	544179
direct immunofluorescence assay for rapid environmental detection of vibrio cholerae o1.	an immunofluorescence assay for direct detection of v. cholerae o1 was developed using polyclonal antibodies raised against outer membrane proteins (omps) of v. cholerae o1. production of omps varied with growth media used; maximum production was found in tryptic soy broth. the detection system was specific because no cross-reactivity was observed with other bacteria including v. cholerae o139, e. coli, s. dysenteriae and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi. the technique was able ...	2005	16475506
[modulation of molecular signaling mechanisms in excitable cells by toxins and bacterial substances].	the mechanisms of bacterial substances (protein a, peptidoglican staphylococcus aureus), bacterium toxins (st. aureus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, shigella dysenteriae, clostridium botulinum, clostridium tetani, vibrio choleral), transfer factor of immune reactivity to staphylococcus aureus upon the key link (acetylcholine-, atp-, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate-, ryanodin-sensitive receptors, g-proteins, ca2+, k(+)-transporting systems, second messengers) in the chain of signal conduction of excit ...	2005	16566125
the influence of contralateral primary afferents on ia inhibitory interneurones in humans.	1. contralateral influences on short latency reciprocal inhibition between wrist extensor and flexor muscles were investigated in twenty-two healthy volunteers. reciprocal inhibition, probably mediated through the ia inhibitory interneurone, was measured by conditioning the flexor carpi radialis (fcr) h reflex by weak stimulation of the ipsilateral radial nerve. maximum reciprocal inhibition occurring at a precise delay between conditioning and conditioned stimulations was taken as the test leve ...	2005	1895236
exchange transfusion in a case of severe theophylline poisoning.		2005	1287972
neonatal tetanus: a developmental follow-up study.		2005	1278947
[epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis].		2005	1230940
kinetic studies of 51cr and df32p labelled granulocytes.	in vivo kinetic studies of granulocytes labelled in vitro with 51cr and df32p were carried out in nine haematologically normal subjects by isolation of the cells in the blood samples by the ficoll-isopaque flotation method. 51cr and 32p specific activity of blood samples made of 93-98% granulocytes was studied. distribution between marginated and circulating granulocyte pools was identical for both labelled cells and the marginated pool was similar to the circulating pool, except that it was low ...	2005	1201203
htlv-iii antibody tests and health education.		2005	2870378
htlv-iii antibody tests and health education.		2005	2870378
[role of lymphocytes in physiological and pathological processes].		2005	1087411
effect of levamisole on e-rosette-forming cells in vivo and in vitro in hodgkin's disease.	incubation in vitro of lymphocytes from patients with hodgkin's disease with 40 mug per milliliter of levamisole resulted in a rise in the number of e-rosette-forming cells from 33.6 +/- 12.5 per cent (mean +/- s.d.) to 56.7 +/- 14.6 per cent. the drug had no effect on normal lymphocytes. ten patients with hodgkin's disease treated six months previously with levamisole were restudied. the positive skin tests to ppd, candida and mumps persisted. however, the e-rosette-forming cells decreased to t ...	2005	1082545
location.		2005	1070368
[use of the tine test in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection].		2005	1081245
letter: microvilli.		2005	1065167
[the sjögren-gougerot syndrome].	the sjögren-gougerot syndrome represents a rare disease of the collagenous tissue characterized by the three symptoms xerophtalmy, xerostomy, polyarthritis. women after the menopause are the most affected. oral symptoms addup to diverse dermatological manifestations. the bilateral parotidic swelling and systemic complications accompany the disease, and the immunological disorder is coupled with hypergammaglobulinemia. prognosis is very reserved and treatment delicate.	2005	1064976
[lues in patients previously treated with antibiotics].		2005	549229
[ventricular rhythms in acute myocardial infarct].		2005	548111
[lesion of the collateral ulnar ligament of the thumb].		2005	546527
[vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella--together or separately?].		2005	544244
[the excretory apparatus and diabetes].		2005	545627
new anthracycline derivatives: what for?		2005	1782058
imerslund-gräsbeck syndrome in two brothers: renal biopsy and ultrastructural findings.	in two chinese siblings with imerslund-gräsbeck syndrome, light microscopy of renal biopsies showed no remarkable change. ultrastructurally, there were small possible focal defects in the glomerular basement membrane. neither podocytes nor tubular cells showed evident change. no electron dense deposit was found. our observations on renal ultrastructure differ from the previous five reports. the literature on renal pathology of this syndrome is reviewed.	2005	1782115
[use of pitressin in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding. report of a case].		2005	1081398
[dynamical study of cerebrospinal fluid at the spinal level during isotopic cisternography. 74 cases].	physiology teaches that in addition ot be basic areas of c.s.f. resorption in the region of the cerebrum, supplementary zones exist situated in particular at the coverings of the spinal nerves. the aim of this study was a quantitative and dynamic analysis of spinal flow in 74 subjects, 64 of whom had clinical signs of communicating hydrocephalus. in certain of them, classical examinations provided no precise indications as to the appropriate neurosurgical procedure. study of the dynamics and res ...	2005	1068623
[pheochromocytoma and pregnancy (3 cases)].	in this paper, a review of pregnancy and pheocromocytoma is shown. the importance of early diagnostic and adequate management is essential in this patients. when this associations exists the management must be very carefully considered to avoid high mortality risks for both, fetus and mother. 56 cases of pheocromocytoma were studied at the instituto nacional de cardiología, three of them were pregnant women which are described in this work.	2005	549523
[experiencie with our disaster service].		2005	1176317
a novel shigella dysenteriae serovar isolated in canada.	the etiological agent most commonly associated with bacillary dysentery is shigella. as part of its mandate, the bacteriology and enteric disease program of health canada identifies and serotypes unusual isolates of shigella received from provincial laboratories of public health. in this report, six unusual isolates from three provinces were analyzed biochemically and serologically using slide and tube agglutinations and molecularly using standard pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis (pfge), pcr, an ...	2005	15695673
molecular strategies for the detection, identification, and differentiation between enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella spp.	a strategy for the detection, identification, and differentiation of enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) and shigella spp. has been developed. the strategy includes (i) a multiplex pcr for the amplification of two virulence genes, i.e., iuc (222 bp) and ipah (629 bp); (ii) amplification of the ial gene (a 1,038-bp amplicon) located within a large plasmid; and (iii) restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the ial gene amplicon. the multiplex pcr provided three patterns. pattern 1 (i ...	2005	15726963
comparative evaluation of apoptosis induced by shiga toxin 1 and/or lipopolysaccharides in human monocytic and macrophage-like cells.	the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli share the property of expressing the structurally and functionally related cytotoxins that comprise the shiga toxin (stx) family. stx-producing bacteria are causative agents of bloody diarrheal diseases that may progress to life threatening complications involving the destruction of blood vessels in the kidneys and the central nervous system (cns). the precise mechanisms of toxin transport across the ...	2005	15748808
shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats.	with the aim of setting up an animal model of shigella dysenteriae-induced diarrhea, wistar rats received per os increasing densities of s. dysenteriae type 1 (sd1). inoculum of 12 x 10(8) sd1 provoked dysenteric diarrhea within 24 h. feces of healthy rats were molded, brown to black and rough. rats developing diarrhea presented blood at the anal orifice; stools were soft or liquid containing mucus, or molded, smooth and mucus-coated. at times, stools appeared longer, dark and shiny due to the p ...	2005	16377862
characterization of the periplasmic heme-binding protein shut from the heme uptake system of shigella dysenteriae.	the heme uptake systems by which bacterial pathogens acquire and utilize heme have recently been described. such systems may utilize heme directly from the host's hemeproteins or via a hemophore that sequesters and transports heme to an outer membrane receptor and subsequently to the translocating proteins by which heme is further transported into the cell. however, little is known of the heme binding and release mechanisms that facilitate the uptake of heme into the pathogenic organism. as a fi ...	2005	16185086
emergence of quinolone-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in canada.		2005	16200675
in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of some coumarins and their metal complexes.	a series of new antibacterial and antifungal coumarin-derived compounds and their transition metal complexes [cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii)] have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, bacillus cereus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes bacterial strains ...	2005	16206827
the epidemiology of travel-associated shigellosis--regional risks, seasonality and serogroups.	to give a detailed risk estimate of contracting travel-associated shigellosis in various regions of the world.	2005	16230220
comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of s. dysenteriae subgroup.	genomic compositions of representatives of thirteen s. dysenteriae serotypes were investigated by performing comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) with microarray containing the whole genomic orfs (open reading frames, orfs) of e. coli k12 strain mg1655 and specific orfs of s. dysenteriae a1 strain sd51197. the cgh results indicated the genomes of the serotypes contain 2654 conserved orfs originating from e. coli. however, 219 intrinsic genes of e. coli including those prophage genes, molecula ...	2005	16248434
risk factors for mortality due to shigellosis: a case-control study among severely-malnourished children in bangladesh.	to determine the risk factors for death of severely-malnourished bangladeshi children with shigellosis, a case-control study was conducted at the clinical research and service centre of icddr,b: centre for health and population research in dhaka, bangladesh. one hundred severely-malnourished children (weight-for-age <60% of median of the national center for health statistics), with a positive stool culture for shigella dysenteriae type 1 or s. flexneri, who died during hospitalization, were comp ...	2005	16262023
preparation of monoclonal antibody and development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for escherichia coli o157 in foods.	to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mab) and antisera specific for escherichia coli (e. coli) o157, and to develop a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect e. coli o157 in foods.	2005	16274107
genome dynamics and diversity of shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery.	the shigella bacteria cause bacillary dysentery, which remains a significant threat to public health. the genus status and species classification appear no longer valid, as compelling evidence indicates that shigella, as well as enteroinvasive escherichia coli, are derived from multiple origins of e.coli and form a single pathovar. nevertheless, shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 causes deadly epidemics but shigella boydii is restricted to the indian subcontinent, while shigella flexneri and shigel ...	2005	16275786
shiga toxin 2 and lipopolysaccharide induce human microvascular endothelial cells to release chemokines and factors that stimulate platelet function.	shiga toxins (stxs) produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli are the most common cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). it is well established that vascular endothelial cells, mainly those located in the renal microvasculature, are targets for stxs. the aim of the present research was to evaluate whether e. coli-derived shiga toxin 2 (stx2) incubated with human microvascular endothelial cells (hmec-1) induces release of chemokines and other factors that m ...	2005	16299328
use of ramification amplification assay for detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 and other e. coli shiga toxin-producing strains.	escherichia coli o157:h7 and other shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) strains are important human pathogens that are mainly transmitted through the food chain. these pathogens have a low infectious dose and may cause life-threatening illnesses. however, detection of this microorganism in contaminated food or a patient's stool specimens presents a diagnostic challenge because of the low copy number in the sample. often, a more sensitive nucleic acid amplification method, such as pcr, is require ...	2005	16333102
evolution of foodborne pathogens via temperate bacteriophage-mediated gene transfer.	temperate bacteriophages have always been central to the evolution of bacteria, although their importance has been consistently underestimated compared to transformation and conjugation. in the last 20 years, as more gene and genome sequences have become available and researchers have more accurately determined bacteriophage populations in the environment, we are gaining a clearer picture of their role in the past and potential role in the future. the transductive and lysogenic capacities of thi ...	2005	16366852
the use of a genetic algorithm search for molecular mechanics (mm3)-based conformational analysis of oligosaccharides.	we have implemented a system called glygal that can perform conformational searches on oligosaccharides using several different genetic algorithm (ga) search methods. the searches are performed in the torsion angle conformational space, considering both the primary glycosidic linkages as well as the pendant groups (c-5-c-6 and hydroxyl groups) where energy calculations are performed using the mm3(96) force field. the system includes a graphical user interface for setting calculation parameters a ...	2005	15780270
alteration in the gyra subunit of dna gyrase and the parc subunit of topoisomerase iv in quinolone-resistant shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 clinical isolates from kolkata, india.		2005	15793166
isolation and characterization of provisional serovar shigella boydii e16553 from diarrhoeal patients in bangladesh.	in previous studies with strains of the shigella dysenteriae provisional serovars e22383 and e23507 from diarrhoeal stools from patients in bangladesh, two strains of shigella species were identified as shigella boydii provisional serovar e16553 by a reference laboratory. further tests with an antiserum to an international type strain of the provisional serovar e16553 identified an additional 15 isolates. none of the isolates reacted with antisera to the established shigella serovars or any othe ...	2005	15824427
an unusual cluster of dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae type 4 in dhaka, bangladesh.		2005	15824434
shigellosis.	shigellosis is a global human health problem. four species of shigella i.e. s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri, s. boydii and s. sonnei are able to cause the disease. these species are subdivided into serotypes on the basis of o-specific polysaccharide of the lps. shigella dysenteriae type 1 produces severe disease and may be associated with life-threatening complications. the symptoms of shigellosis include diarrhoea and/or dysentery with frequent mucoid bloody stools, abdominal cramps and tenesmus. s ...	2005	15880088
cytokine release induced by killed bacteria associated with anti-ifn-gamma antibody in shigella infection.	an effort was made to analyze the effect of in vitro stimulation on macrophages using killed shigella dysenteriae type-1 (ksd1) coupled with anti-interferon gamma (anti-ifn-gamma) antibody. the stimulated macrophages were co-cultured with primed or non-primed t-cells from shigella infected patients. t-cell cultures were also established by co-culturing ksd1 coupled with or without pha stimulated macrophages. emulsified ksd1 coupled with anti-ifn-gamma antibody was found to act as a potent immuno ...	2005	15894487
antibacterial activity of the essential oil from cymbopogon nervatus inflorescence.	antibacterial activity of essential oil of dried inflorescence of cymbopogon nervatus was investigated. the essential oil remarkably inhibited the growth of tested bacteria except for salmonella typhi. the maximum activity was against shigella dysenteriae and klebsiella pneumoniae.	2005	15896926