| plate micromethods for the determination of urea decomposition by bacteria. | | 1964 | 14270088 |
| a bacteriocinogenic type 1 strain of klebsiella pneumoniae. | | 1965 | 14283509 |
| studies of diarrheal disease in central america. vi. an epidemic of diarrhea in a guatemalan highland village, with a component due to shigella dysenteriae, type 1. | | 1965 | 14292745 |
| monocytin, a protecting substance produced by murine monocytes. | | 1965 | 14297875 |
| mutants of bacteriophages t2 and t6 defective in alpha-glucosyl transferase. | | 1965 | 14301458 |
| [shigella isolated from animal excreta]. | | 1965 | 14305955 |
| [effect of levomycetin and some other drugs on the dehydrogenase activity of dysenterial bacilli]. | | 1964 | 14319177 |
| [nodified sensitivity of dysenterial bacilli to some antibiotics in ivan-franko from 1958 to 1963]. | | 1964 | 14319190 |
| [on the stimulating action of weak solutions of ascorbic and nicotinic acid on the growth of dysentery bacilli]. | | 1964 | 14319947 |
| [on a new method of determining the agglutinability of nonagglutinating dysentery cultures]. | | 1964 | 14320167 |
| effect of naturally occurring xanthines on bacteria. i. antimicrobial action and potentiating effect on antibiotic spectra. | the effect of xanthines on various microorganisms was studied. the antibacterial effect was not high; most of the test organisms could easily withstand a concentration of 2,500 mug/ml. caffeine was more antibacterial than theophylline, and the latter more than theobromine. caffeine citrate exhibited greater inhibitory effect than did pure caffeine. the effect was both bacteriostatic and bactericidal against susceptible organisms. the susceptibility of organisms to xanthines differed greatly even ... | 1965 | 14325283 |
| occurrence of natural antibacterial antibody in human parotid fluid. | | 1965 | 14329010 |
| [studies of the effect of endotoxins on isolated organs]. | | 1964 | 14338633 |
| current status of immunofluorescence techniques for rapid detection of shigellae in fecal specimens. | polyvalent shigella conjugates were prepared for shigella groups a, b, c, and d. after preliminary testing with pure cultures of both homologous and heterologous organisms, these reagents were used in three evaluation studies. fecal specimens from patients hospitalized with diarrhea, from children involved in an institutional outbreak of dysentery due to s. sonnei, and from patients with diarrhea in arizona were screened by fluorescent-antibody (fa) tests and were cultured. specimens were examin ... | 1965 | 14339269 |
| transfer and maintenance of adoptive immunologic tolerance to shigella antigens in irradiated mice. | | 1965 | 14339503 |
| [modification of properties of enteric bacilli in the presence of killed shigella dysenteriae (in vitro and in vivo)]. | | 1954 | 14349242 |
| [classification of shigella dysenteriae]. | | 1954 | 14349279 |
| a cytological study of the lysogenization of shigella dysenteriae with p1 and p2 bacteriophages. | | 1954 | 14352060 |
| arsenical chemotherapeutic drugs. xvii. resistance development and cross-resistance of shigella dysenteriae to 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl-bis (alpha, beta-dicarboxyethyl) dithioarsenite and 3-amino-4-hydroxydiphenyl- (alpha, beta-dicarboxyethyl)-thioarsinite. | | 1954 | 14356868 |
| [certain properties of shigella shigae toxin. vi. effect of certain drugs on modifications induced with shigella shigae toxin]. | | 1954 | 14364664 |
| [discussion on kh. k. forshter's and n. v. svinkinaia's article, effect of sulfonamides on inflammatory reaction caused by shigella dysenteriae]. | | 1955 | 14375296 |
| [investigation on antigenic structure of shigella dysenteriae; preliminary communication]. | | 1954 | 14383361 |
| [investigations on antigenic structure of shigella dysenteriae; second communication]. | | 1954 | 14383362 |
| [observations on formation of l forms in shigella dysenteriae]. | | 1955 | 14387593 |
| studies in immunochemistry. 15. the specific polysaccharide of the dominant 'o' somatic antigen of shigella dysenteriae. | | 1955 | 14389239 |
| [certain properties of shigella shigae toxin]. | | 1952 | 14390234 |
| [certain characteristics of shigella shigae toxin. iii. sensitivity of interoceptors of intestinal vessels]. | | 1952 | 14390431 |
| the international pyrogen reference preparation. | in accordance with authorization given by the who expert committee on biological standardization in 1950, the national institute for medical research, london, obtained samples of two bacterial pyrogens and arranged for an international study of their pyrogenic properties in rabbits. the results of this study showed that the dose response curves were flat and there was a large variation in response within and between colonies of rabbits.it was agreed that some reference preparation was needed. th ... | 1959 | 14405368 |
| [effect of shigella shigae toxin on cholinesterase activity]. | | 1959 | 14426301 |
| [new variants of dysenterial bacteria in tashkent]. | | 1960 | 14441276 |
| cystine as an essential amino-acid for the growth of a strain of shigella dysenteriae 1 (sh. shiga). | | 1960 | 14444860 |
| [on the problem of interrelationships between the pattern of colonies and virulent and toxic properties of the sonne dysentery microbe]. | | 1960 | 14445674 |
| [activity of preparations of the root of the caucasian gomphocarpus in experimental dysentery]. | | 1962 | 14465794 |
| concerning the formalin-alum vaccine of dysentery bacillus. | | 1961 | 14477269 |
| [method of propagating dysentery bacilli. ii. experimental study in the guinea pig using various serotypes of subgroups a, b and c]. | | 1962 | 14486421 |
| [determination of the activity of antibiotics in smear microcultures]. | | 1962 | 14487011 |
| [study of the toxins of shigella dysenteriae. 2. study on purification of shigella dysenteriae toxins]. | | 1962 | 14490445 |
| acute lymphangitis treated by moxibustion with garlic in 118 cases. | tcm holds that acute lymphangitis is pathogenically caused by the accumulated internal fire and toxicity, and the external skin injury-induced infection, leading to toxicity going upward along the meridians. the treatment should be given to clear away heat and toxin. blood letting by a three-edged needle may promote qi and blood circulation and remove the toxic heat. garlic has the function of antagonizing staphylococcus aureus, bacillus dysenteriae and various kinds of bacteria. since the volat ... | 2003 | 14535186 |
| antimicrobial interactions of microbial species involved in the fermentation of cassava dough into agbelima with particular reference to the inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria on enteric pathogens. | lactic acid bacteria, bacillus species and yeasts are involved in the fermentation of cassava dough into agbelima. microbial interactions within and between these groups of microorganisms were investigated in addition to the survival of five enteric pathogens inoculated into agbelima under various conditions. nine out of 10 cultures of lactic acid bacteria isolated at the end of agbelima fermentation showed inhibitory effect against 10 cultures of lactic acid bacteria isolated at the start of fe ... | 2003 | 14580972 |
| temporal shifts in the dominance of serotypes of shigella dysenteriae from 1999 to 2002 in dhaka, bangladesh. | a total of 358 shigella dysenteriae strains isolated from patients attending the dhaka treatment center of the international centre for diarrheal disease research, bangladesh, between the years 1999 and 2002 were included in this study. s. dysenteriae type 1, the dominant serotype in 1999 (76.4%), declined to 6.5% in 2002. on the other hand, s. dysenteriae types 2 to 12 were isolated with increasing frequencies of 19, 67, 73.5, and 87% in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively. of these, types ... | 2003 | 14605138 |
| shiga toxins and apoptosis. | the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) cause bloody diarrheal diseases that may progress to life-threatening extraintestinal complications. although the s. dysenteriae and stec differ in the expression of a number of virulence determinants, they share the capacity to produce one or more potent cytotoxins, called shiga toxins (stxs). following the ingestion of the organisms, the expression of stxs is critical for the development of ... | 2003 | 14638419 |
| porin of shigella dysenteriae enhances mrna levels for toll-like receptor 2 and myd88, up-regulates cd80 of murine macrophage, and induces the release of interleukin-12. | sera of patients convalescing from shigellosis reacted strongly and specifically with the 38,000 da monomer of porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1. since human, the only natural host of s. dysenteriae type 1, recognized the protein through humoral immune response, it is of great significance to study the surface-exposed outer membrane antigen as an adjuvant. porin treatment of cd11b+ peritoneal cavity (perc) mphi of balb/c mouse was found to up-regulate cd80 on cell surface and had no effect on ... | 2003 | 14642305 |
| identification and characterization of simple sequence repeats in the genomes of shigella species. | a variety of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) have been identified in the genome of shigella flexneri serotype 2a (strain sf301), an enteric pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery in man. the distribution of ssrs, with unit length ranging from 1 to 9 nucleotides, was biased in different regions of the genome. the tri-, tetra- and hexanucleotide ssrs prevailed in the coding regions while the mono- and dinucleotide ssrs were more common in the noncoding regions. many intergenic ssrs are less than ... | 2003 | 14644500 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts of local cough mixtures on upper respiratory tract bacterial pathogens. | the punched-hole and the paper disc diffusion methods were used in screening for the antimicrobial activity of six common ingredients used locally in cough mixtures, against the following bacteria: klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus. enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, salmonella spp, salmonella paratyphi, shigella dysenteria, shigella sonnei and candida albicans. the results, evaluated as the diameter of zone of inhibition of microbial growth, showed that ... | 2003 | 14649097 |
| multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in south asia. | | 2003 | 14652200 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1-specific bacteriophage from environmental waters in bangladesh. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 is the causative agent of the most severe form of bacillary dysentery, which occurs as epidemics in many developing countries. we isolated a bacteriophage from surface water samples from bangladesh that specifically lyses strains of s. dysenteriae type 1. this phage, designated sf-9, belongs to the podoviridae family and has a 41-kb double-stranded dna genome. further screening of water samples for the prevalence of the phage revealed 9 of 71 (12.6%) water samples whi ... | 2003 | 14660345 |
| newly emerged multiple-antibiotic-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains in and around kolkata, india, are clonal. | | 2003 | 14662996 |
| structure of the shigella dysenteriae 7 o antigen gene cluster and identification of its antigen specific genes. | shigella strains are human pathogens. the o antigen gene cluster of shigella dysenteriae o7 was sequenced and analyzed. it contains genes for synthesis of nucleotide sugars including udp-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galacturonamide, udp-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galacturonic acid and dtdp-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. also found in the gene cluster are genes encoding o unit flippase, o antigen polymerase and sugar transferases. the escherichia coli o121 o antigen, which is present in an important shiga to ... | 2004 | 14687563 |
| shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, kolkata, india. | since july 2002, bacteriologically confirmed shigellosis cases have increased, and multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 strains have reemerged in patients hospitalized with diarrhea in kolkata, india. the isolated strains of s. dysenteriae 1 showed resistance to chloramphenicol (80%), ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (100%), co-trimoxazole (100%), nalidixic acid (100%), norfloxacin (100%), and ciprofloxacin (100%). emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in s. dysenteriae 1 strains ... | 2003 | 14718096 |
| detection of campylobacter and shigella species in food samples using an array biosensor. | campylobacter and shigella bacteria are common causes of food- and water-borne illness worldwide. there is a current need in food, medical, environmental, and military markets for a rapid and user-friendly method of detecting such pathogens. the array biosensor developed at the nrl encompasses these qualities. in this study, 25-min, sandwich immunoassays were developed for the detection of campylobacter and shigella species in both buffer and a variety of food and beverage samples. the limit of ... | 2004 | 14719894 |
| antibacterial potential of an antispasmodic drug dicyclomine hydrochloride. | several compounds are known to possess antimicrobial activity in addition to their predesignated pharmacological actions. in the present study, dicyclomine hydrochloride, an antispasmodic drug, was tested for possible antimicrobial property in vitro and in vivo. | 2003 | 14723484 |
| a schiff base complex of chromium(iii): an efficient inhibitor for the pathogenic and invasive potential of shigella dysenteriae. | a schiff base complex of chromium(iii), transdiaqua[n,n'ethylenebis (salicylideneimine)chromium(iii)]perchlorate, [cr(salen)(oh(2))(2)](+), was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of shigella dysenteriae. the chromium(iii) complex was found to cure (remove) the invasive plasmid and thereby render the microbe more sensitive to the tested antibiotics. the loss in the catalytic activity of the isolated endo-alpha-n-acetyl galactosaminidase on mucin as a substrate was also observed in t ... | 2004 | 14729320 |
| clonal multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains associated with epidemic and sporadic dysenteries in eastern india. | multidrug-resistant strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 were implicated in three outbreaks and sporadic cases of dysentery in eastern india in 2002 and 2003. after a hiatus of 14 years, this pathogen reemerged with an altered antibiotic resistance pattern. in addition to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid, all the recent strains were resistant to norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin and showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. ... | 2004 | 14742238 |
| the role of bacterial and non-bacterial toxins in the induction of changes in membrane transport: implications for diarrhea. | bacterial toxins induce changes in membrane transport which underlie the loss of electrolyte homeostasis associated with diarrhea. bacterial- and their secreted toxin-types which have been linked with diarrhea include: (a) vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin, e1 tor hemolysin and accessory cholera enterotoxin); (b) escherichia coli (heat stable enterotoxin, heat-labile enterotoxin and colicins); (c) shigella dysenteriae (shiga-toxin); (d) clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens enterotoxin, alpha-tox ... | 2003 | 14757199 |
| [certain properties of shiga kruse toxin]. | | 1950 | 14792641 |
| studies on the nutritional requirements of bacteria. ii. on the nutrition of shigella dysenteriae. | | 1950 | 14794287 |
| studies on the nutritional requirements of bacteria, iii. nitrogen requirements of dysentery bacilli in the synthetic medium. | | 1950 | 14794288 |
| [structure of somatic antigen of shigella shigae]. | | 1950 | 14806012 |
| the antibacterial effect of river water on shigella shigae in connection with the presence of corresponding antagonists and bacteriophages. | | 1950 | 14811405 |
| [study on bacterial nucleic acids. i. titer in r and s strains of salmonella paratyphi and shigella dysenteriae of pentose and desoxypentose nucleic acids during growth]. | | 1950 | 14812312 |
| [coproculture in bacterial dysentery]. | | 1950 | 14813637 |
| [structure of somatic antigen of shigella shigae]. | | 1950 | 14815308 |
| [toxins of shigella dysenteriae]. | | 1950 | 14815315 |
| [use of shigella toxins precipitation reaction in the determination of anti-dysentery vaccines]. | | 1950 | 14815316 |
| [simplification in diagnosis of the bacilli of the typhoid-paratyphoid-enteritis-dysentery group; re-examination of the braun and omer ozek media]. | | 1951 | 14837297 |
| phage-typing and epidemiology of shigella dysenteriae sonne. | | 1951 | 14848569 |
| o-identity between shigella dysenteriae type 5 and escherichia o group 58. | | 1951 | 14856744 |
| [attempts at isolation of shigella (dysentery bacillus) from feces of infants with enteritic syndromes]. | | 1951 | 14865756 |
| the problem of "stimulative band" in antibiotic action. iv. effect of the growth-promoting factor (miyamura factor or m factor) on vital functions of shigella dysenteriae. | | 1951 | 14874378 |
| studies on nutritional requirements of bacteria. iv. nitrogen requirement of wild type shigella dysenteriae and the effect of niacin thereon. | | 1951 | 14907195 |
| the neurotoxin of shigella dysenteriae: statement of problem and review of literature. | | 1952 | 14942766 |
| the conformations of the o-specific polysaccharides of shigella dysenteriae type 4 and escherichia coli o159 studied with molecular mechanics (mm3) filtered systematic search. | the branched o-antigens of escherichia coli o159 and shigella dysenteriae type 4 are structurally related and are known to show cross-reactivity with antibodies. in the present study, conformational analyses were performed on these two o-antigens using molecular mechanics mm3(96) with filtered systematic search. the results show very strong steric restrictions for the trisaccharide at the branch point of the e. coli o159 antigen, especially for the beta-d-glcnac-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcnac linkage of ... | 2004 | 15010303 |
| characterization of the lipopolysaccharide o-antigen of francisella novicida (u112). | francisella novicida (u112), a close relative of the highly virulent bacterium f. tularensis, was shown to produce a lipopolysaccharide in which the antigenic o-polysaccharide component was found by chemical, 1h and 13c nmr and ms analyses to be an unbranched neutral linear polymer of a repeating tetrasaccharide unit composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galacturonamide (d-galnacan) and 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-glucose (d-qui2nac4nac, di-n-acetylbacillosamine) residues (3:1) and had the stru ... | 2004 | 15013402 |
| [comparative study on antibacterial effects of huangqin-tang and its metabolites produced by intestinal flora]. | to compare the antibacterial effects of huangqin-tang with its metabolites produced by intestinal flora. | 2003 | 15015311 |
| sanitary and bacteriological aspects of sewage treatment. | a study into the removal of contamination load and indicator bacteria was carried out in 1992-1996 in the mechanical, biological and chemical waste-water treatment plant wtp in lezany, in the county of reszel, in the province of warmia and mazury in poland. the results of chemical analyses found a high efficiency of removal of carbon compounds, cod (90%) and bod (98%), in the process of purification of household sewage. in addition, a high effectiveness of total nitrogen, on average 71%, and uns ... | 2003 | 15058814 |
| batch process solar disinfection is an efficient means of disinfecting drinking water contaminated with shigella dysenteriae type i. | the mortality and morbidity rate caused by shigella dysenteriae type i infection is increasing in the developing world each year. in this paper, the possibility of using batch process solar disinfection (sodis) as an effective means of disinfecting drinking water contaminated with sh. dysenteriae type i is investigated. | 2004 | 15059213 |
| structure of shiga toxin type 2 (stx2) from escherichia coli o157:h7. | several serotypes of escherichia coli produce protein toxins closely related to shiga toxin (stx) from shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. these stx-producing e. coli cause outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans, with the latter being more likely if the e. coli produce stx2 than if they only produce stx1. to investigate the differences among the stxs, which are all ab(5) toxins, the crystal structure of stx2 from e. coli o157:h7 was determined at 1.8-a resolution a ... | 2004 | 15075327 |
| regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression by shiga toxin 1 and/or lipopolysaccharides in the human monocytic cell line thp-1. | infection with shiga toxin (stx)-producing bacteria and the subsequent release of stxs and endotoxins into the bloodstream may damage blood vessels in the colon, kidneys, and central nervous system, leading to bloody diarrhea, acute renal failure, and neurological complications. the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) may contribute to the pathogenesis of stx-induced vascular lesions by up-regulating toxin receptor expression on endo ... | 2004 | 15102770 |
| in vitro adhesion and invasion inhibition of shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei clinical strains by human milk proteins. | shigella is the etiological agent of shigellosis, a disease responsible for more than 500,000 deaths of children per year, in developing countries. these pathogens colonize the intestinal colon, invade, spreading to the other enterocytes. breastfeeding plays a very important role in protecting infants from intestinal infections. amongst milk compounds, glycosylated proteins prevent the adhesion of many enteropathogens in vitro. the aim of this work was to determine the effect of human milk prote ... | 2004 | 15115555 |
| a pediatric cluster of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 diarrhea with hemolytic uremic syndrome in 2 families from france. | we report a cluster of pediatric diarrhea due to shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 involving 11 children in france, including the index case, who had returned from senegal. child-to-child transmission was documented by ribotyping. five children developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). on the basis of our findings, the choice of antimicrobial treatment for infections with s. dysenteriae serotype 1 should take into account widespread drug resistance and the risk of hus. | 2004 | 15127361 |
| laboratory-confirmed shigellosis in the united states, 1989-2002: epidemiologic trends and patterns. | during 1989-2002, a total of 208,368 laboratory-confirmed shigella infections were reported to the centers for disease control and prevention. shigella sonnei accounted for 71.7%, shigella flexneri accounted for 18.4%, shigella boydii accounted for 1.6%, and shigella dysenteriae accounted for 0.7% of infections; for 7.6%, no serogroup was reported. national incidence rates ranged from 7.6 cases per 100,000 persons in 1993 to 3.7 cases per 100,000 persons in 1999. incidence rates for s. boydii, s ... | 2004 | 15156473 |
| molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis of enteroinvasive escherichia coli using the flic gene sequence. | non-motile enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) is serotyped based only on o antigen polymorphism, since h antigen epitopes, present on the flagellins, cannot be characterised in these bacteria. in this study, we demonstrate the presence of the flagellin-coding flic gene in non-motile eiec strains. moreover, we were able to group the 11 most common non-motile eiec serotypes into six different rflp patterns of the flic gene. amplicons representing each rflp pattern were sequenced. sequencing da ... | 2004 | 15183872 |
| an outbreak of bacillary dysentery caused by quinolone-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in a northeastern state of india. | | 2004 | 15190817 |
| variation in the shiga toxin region of 20th-century epidemic and endemic shigella dysenteriae 1 strains. | the shiga toxin (stx) region of shigella dysenteriae 1 lies on a defective prophage homologous to lambdoid bacteriophages in stx-producing escherichia coli. s. dysenteriae 1 strains obtained in locations throughout the world over the course of the past 60 years were assessed for variations in the stx region by use of polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. the defective prophage was present in all strains examined, suggesting that all s. dysenteriae 1 isolates derive from a clone that r ... | 2004 | 15216469 |
| involvement of the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone in an animal model of shigella-related seizures. | convulsions are common complications of shigellosis in children. corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), a stress neurohormone, has been implicated in the susceptibility of young children to seizures. we investigated the role of crh in shigella-related seizures. pretreatment with shigella dysenteriae sonicate enhanced mice response to pentylenetetrazole (ptz)-induced seizures. preinjection of antalarmin, a crh-receptor 1 antagonist, decreased both the mean convulsion score (mcs: 1.6 vs. 1.1, p<0. ... | 2004 | 15265661 |
| perceptions of shigella and of shigella vaccine among rural chinese: compatibility with western models of behavioral change. | shigella remain a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including china. in response, national and international researchers are actively working to develop vaccines that will be effective against dysentery and diarrhea caused by shigella dysentariae. with the growing recognition of the problems associated with sustained vaccine acceptance and usage, researchers and policy makers recognize the importance of conducting theory-based qualitative research to inform vaccine ... | 2004 | 15272751 |
| application of oligonucleotide array technology for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria of foodborne infections. | a rapid and accurate method for detection for common pathogenic bacteria in foodborne infections was established by using oligonucleotide array technology. nylon membrane was used as the array support. a mutation region of the 23s rrna gene was selected as the discrimination target from 14 species (genera) of bacteria causing foodborne infections and two unrelated bacterial species. a pair of universal primers was designed for pcr amplification of the 23s rrna gene. twenty-one species (genera)-s ... | 2004 | 15279944 |
| investigating the antimicrobial activity of natural honey and its effects on the pathogenic bacterial infections of surgical wounds and conjunctiva. | antimicrobial activities of 10-100% (wt/vol) concentrations of new honey, stored honey, heated honey, ultraviolet-exposed honey, and heated stored honey were tested against common human pathogens, including escherichia coli, entrobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella dysenteriae, klebsiella sp., haemophilus influenzae, proteus sp., staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus hemolyticus group b, and candida albicans. antimicrobial activity of honey was tested in acidic, neutral, or alkaline ... | 2004 | 15298770 |
| genetic relatedness of ciprofloxacin-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated in south asia. | the aim of the present study was to determine the clonal relationships of ciprofloxacin-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated from south asia, and s. dysenteriae 1 strains associated with epidemics in 1978, 1984 and 1994. | 2004 | 15347639 |
| case management of a multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 outbreak in a crisis context in sierra leone, 1999-2000. | from december 1999 to the end of february 2000, 4218 cases of dysentery were reported in kenema district, southeastern sierra leone, by a médecins sans frontières team operating in this region. shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 was isolated from the early cases. the overall attack rate was 7.5% but higher among children under 5 years (11.2%) compared to the rest of the population (6.8%) (rr = 1.6; 95% ci 1.5-1.8). the case fatality ratio was 3.1%, and higher for children under 5 years (6.1% vs. 2. ... | 2004 | 15363643 |
| polymicrobial infections in children with diarrhoea in a rural area of jordan. | polymicrobial infections associated with diarrhoea are common in developing countries. stool specimens were collected from 220 patient children and 100 controls. potential pathogenic agents isolated from 143 (65%) children were identified by molecular and standard microbiological methods. co-infections with two or more agents were detected in 50 (35%) cases. escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, giardia and entamoeba histolytica were found to be predominant. the etiologic agents could not be d ... | 2004 | 15364112 |
| studies with shigella dysenteriae (shiga) infection and intoxication in macacus mulatta monkeys. | | 1949 | 15392992 |
| a growth-inhibitory effect on shigella dysenteriae which occurs with some batches of nutrient agar and is associated with the production of peroxide. | | 1950 | 15415582 |
| differences in toxicity of the s- and r-variants of shigella dysenteriae. | | 1950 | 15437001 |
| a clinical trial with chloromycetin in shigella dysenteriae (sonne); a report of three cases. | | 1950 | 15437264 |
| fluoroquinolone-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in northeastern bangladesh. | | 2004 | 15451486 |
| up-regulation of cd80-cd86 and iga on mouse peritoneal b-1 cells by porin of shigella dysenteriae is toll-like receptors 2 and 6 dependent. | porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 increased the mrna levels for toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and tlr6 by 1.5- and 2.9-fold respectively, of peritoneal cavity b-1a and b-1b cells, implicating that coexpression of tlr2 and tlr6 is essential as a combinatorial repertoire for recognition of porin by the b-1 cells. among the two key tlrs, tlr2 and tlr4, which are primarily responsible for recognizing majority of the bacterial products, tlr2 and not tlr4, participates in porin recognition. tlr2 got i ... | 2004 | 15482852 |
| antibody therapy in the management of shiga toxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. | hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is a disease that can lead to acute renal failure and often to other serious sequelae, including death. the majority of cases are attributed to infections with escherichia coli, serotype o157:h7 strains in particular, which cause bloody diarrhea and liberate one or two toxins known as shiga toxins 1 and 2. these toxins are thought to directly be responsible for the manifestations of hus. currently, supportive nonspecific treatment is the only available option for ... | 2004 | 15489355 |
| shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages--genomes in motion. | shiga toxins (stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins that are involved in human and animal disease. stx are mainly produced by escherichia coli isolated from human and non-human sources, shigella dysenteriae type 1, and sporadically, by citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and shigella flexneri. the genes encoding stx are encoded in the genome of heterogeneous lambdoid prophages (stx-converting bacteriophages; stx-phages). they are located in a similar position in the late region of th ... | 2004 | 15493821 |
| role of anti-cd3 in modulation of th1-type immune response in shigella dysenteriae infection. | a murine model was used to evaluate the role of anti-cd3 in modulating a th1-type response by restimulation of t-cells after immunization with the 57 kda immunodominant antigen of shigella dysenteriae 1 outer-membrane proteins (omps), followed by shigella infection after immunization. to observe the effect of anti-cd3, other t-cell cultures were also established following anti-cd1, anti-il2 and phytohaemagglutinin stimulation. anti-cd3 stimulation of reconstituted t-cells showed 'mean' levels of ... | 2004 | 15496383 |