Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| shigella infection as observed in the experimentally inoculated domestic pig, sus scrofa domestica. | the domestic pig, sus scrofa domestica, was investigated as a potential animal model for shigellosis. we examined the effects of pig age, pig breed and antibiotic pretreatment upon shigella infection. shigella dysenteriae, and shigella flexneri (both virulent and avirulent strains) were utilized. our results indicated that young (4-week-old), conventionally re ared, domestic pigs were routinely, but briefly, colonized (average=3.5+/-2.5 days) following oral or gavage administration ofs. flexneri ... | 1998 | 9817822 |
| [resistance of respiratory and enteral bacteria to antibiotics]. | 1998 | 9927887 | |
| [effect of hydroxylamine hydrochloride on the bacterium shigella dysenteriae 1 and antigens isolated from them]. | 1998 | 9949513 | |
| shiga toxin attacks bacterial ribosomes as effectively as eucaryotic ribosomes. | several pathogenic bacteria, including shigelladysenteriae and certain strains of escherichia coli, produce potent class 2 ribosome inhibiting proteins (rips) termed shiga toxins (stx). the toxins are bipartite molecules composed of a single a chain (stxa) noncovalently associated with a pentamer of receptor-binding b subunits (stxb). stxa and stx1a from e. coli are protoxins. proteolysis generates an a1 enzyme (28 kda) and an a2 fragment (3 kda), which remain bound, inactivating the enzyme, unt ... | 1998 | 9649321 |
| surgical lessons learned from the shigella dysenteriae type i epidemic. | an epidemic of shigella dysenteriae type i is spreading through africa. it is a particularly infectious and virulent form of dysentery which can cause clinical confusion with other endemic diseases and may present to the surgeon as a result of its complications. a total of 140 children with shigella dysenteriae type i presented to the paediatricians at king edward viii hospital in 1995; 35 were referred to the surgeons because of abdominal tenderness, distension, peritonitis or perforation. ten ... | 1998 | 9654875 |
| inhibition of prokaryotic translation by the shiga toxin enzymatic subunit. | shiga toxin, produced by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, is a member of the large family of ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) which are primarily produced by plants. all rips are rrna n-glycosidases which inactivate ribosomes through the removal of a specific adenine residue from the well-conserved aminoacyl-trna-accepting loop of rrna. as a type ii rip, stx is believed to have little effect on prokaryotic ribosomes. however, we have demonstrated that over-expression of the stx enzymatic (a ... | 1998 | 9480794 |
| shiga toxin type 1 activates tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene transcription and nuclear translocation of the transcriptional activators nuclear factor-kappab and activator protein-1. | shiga toxins (stxs) produced by shigella dysenteriae 1 and escherichia coli have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bloody diarrhea, acute renal failure, and neurologic abnormalities. the pathologic hallmark of stx-mediated tissue damage is the development of vascular lesions in which endothelial cells are swollen and detached from underlying basement membranes. however, in vitro studies using human vascular endothelial cells demonstrated minimal stx-induced cytopathic effects, unless the ta ... | 1998 | 9657756 |
| measurement of interglycosidic 3jch coupling constants of selectively 13c labeled oligosaccharides by 2d j-resolved 1h nmr spectroscopy. | tri-, tetra-, and penta-saccharide fragments of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1 have been prepared in which a d-galactose residue of each oligosaccharide methyl glycoside derivative contains a 13c label at c-1. the interglycosidic coupling constants (3jch) of these 13c nuclei with the h-3 nuclei of the adjacent 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose residues have been measured by two-dimensional, j-resolved 1h nmr spectroscopy. the magnitudes of these coupling constants indic ... | 1998 | 9675362 |
| probiotic fermented food mixtures: possible applications in clinical anti-diarrhoea usage. | a probiotic fermented pcmt food mixture was developed by fermentation of an autoclaved and cooled slurry of pearl millet flour, chickpea flour, skim milk powder and fresh tomato pulp (pcmt 2:1:1:1, w/w) with lactobacillus acidophilus (10(5) cells/ml), a probiotic organism at 37 degrees c for 24 h. such a fermented mixture inhibited the growth of pathogenic organisms, namely shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhosa and e. coli. a significant decline in ph with a corresponding increase in titratab ... | 1998 | 9502235 |
| structure of the shigella dysenteriae haem transport locus and its phylogenetic distribution in enteric bacteria. | the ability to transport and use haemin as an iron source is frequently observed in clinical isolates of shigella spp. and pathogenic escherichia coli. we found that many of these haem-utilizing e. coli strains contain a gene that hybridizes at high stringency to the s. dysenteriae type 1 haem receptor gene, shua. these shua-positive strains belong to multiple phylogenetic groups and include clinical isolates from enteric, urinary tract and systemic infections. the distribution of shua in these ... | 1998 | 9680204 |
| epidemic shigella dysenteriae in mumias, western kenya. | 1998 | 9692143 | |
| alterations in high molecular mass penicillin-binding protein 1 associated with beta-lactam resistance in shigella dysenteriae. | beta-lactam resistance poses a major problem in the chemotherapy of shigellosis caused by shigella dysenteriae. such resistance may arise from alterations in the affinities or amounts of the penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) for beta-lactams, elaboration of beta-lactamases and reduced permeability across the outer membrane. the mechanisms of resistance in s. dysenteriae have not been studied in depth. this report describes a laboratory mutant, m19 which was characterized by the appearance of tw ... | 1998 | 9703984 |
| shiga toxin binds human platelets via globotriaosylceramide (pk antigen) and a novel platelet glycosphingolipid. | hemolytic-uremic syndrome is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia that often follows infection by shiga toxin- or verotoxin-producing strains of escherichia coli. because thrombocytopenia and platelet activation are hallmark features of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, we examined the ability of shiga toxin to bind platelets by flow cytometry and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc) of isolated platelet glycosph ... | 1998 | 9712788 |
| age-related prevalence of shigella and salmonella antibodies and their association with diarrhoeal diseases in peruvian children. | shigella and salmonella antibodies in relation to diarrhoea were studied in a cohort of 413 children between 2 and 27 months of age in peri-urban lima, peru. blood samples were obtained at 2, 3 and 12 months of age. antibody titres against lipopolysaccharide from shigella flexneri serotype y, shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, shigella sonnei, salmonella serogroups ao, bo, do, and shigella ipa and salmonella typhi vi antigens were measured by enzyme immunoassay. igg titres against s. flexneri and ... | 1998 | 9730303 |
| shigella infections among children in andaman--an archipelago of tropical islands in bay of bengal. | shigellosis is common among children in the andaman and nicobar islands. our experience showed two distinct features of shigellosis within a span of 3 years in 1994-6: (i) changing patterns of serotype or subtype specific shigellosis and (ii) emergence of multidrug resistant isolates with changing r-patterns. the rate of isolation was 10.4-27.9% with the rate of isolation of shigella flexneri interchanging with s. dysenteriae alternately. in 1994, s. flexneri superseded s. dysenteriae (48.6% vs. ... | 1998 | 9747754 |
| antibacterial effects of n-sulfonated and n-sulfobenzoyl chitosan and application to oyster preservation. | the antibacterial effects of sulfonated and sulfobenzoyl chitosans were evaluated and compared with that of 69% deacetylated chitosan (dd69 chitosan). minimal inhibitory concentrations of sulfonated chitosan (sc1, 0.63% sulfur content) against shigella dysenteriae, aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella typhimurium, and bacillus cereus were found to be lower than those of dd69 chitosan. a high sulfur content in sulfonated chitosan adversely influenced its antibacterial effect. sulfobenzoyl chitosan (s ... | 1998 | 9766062 |
| human microvascular endothelial cells are strongly sensitive to shiga toxins. | we show here that the susceptibility of endothelial cells to shiga toxin (stx)s differs remarkably depending on their cellular origins. the concentration of stx-1 required to reduce cell viability by 50% as measured by mtt assay was 30 and 300 fm for neonatal and adult human microvascular endothelial cells (hmvec), respectively, and 30 pm for human coronary artery endothelial cells (hcaec). human umbilical venous endothelial cells (huvec) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (baec) showed no sens ... | 1998 | 9790920 |
| predictors of mortality in children hospitalized with dysentery in harare, zimbabwe. | to document the pattern of complications and identify risk factors for subsequent mortality in a hospitalized paediatric population during a shigella dysenteriae type 1 epidemic. | 1998 | 10910572 |
| the rediscovery of shiga toxin and its role in clinical disease. | 1998 | 10211432 | |
| the spread of shigella dysenteriae type i in africa. | 1998 | 10211435 | |
| synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines against shigella dysenteriae type 1. | syntheses of a hexadecasaccharide and smaller fragments corresponding to one-four repeating units of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1 are reported in a reactive aglycon-linked from. two tetrasaccharide donor/acceptor repeating units were assembled from monosaccharide precursors in a stepwise fashion and used in a linear, iterative manner to construct the higher-membered saccharides using schmidt's glycosylation technique that proved superior to others tested. single-p ... | 1998 | 11672203 |
| [shigella dysenteriae strains possessing a new serovar (204/96) isolated from imported diarrheal cases in japan]. | five shigella strains isolated from stool cultures of imported diarrheal cases in japan, did not react to any antisera of the established shigella serovars. these strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of shigella dysenteriae, and were biochemically identical. all strains were positive in the sereny test and other tests for invasivness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. the results of antigenic analysis revealed that they did not belong to any of the recogniz ... | 1998 | 9642939 |
| involvement of an efflux system in high-level fluoroquinolone resistance of shigella dysenteriae. | shigella dysenteriae represent one of the growing list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. quinolones are widely employed to treat shigellosis. however, quinolone resistance has already been reported, necessitating an understanding of the mechanisms of development of resistance. we demonstrate that high-level fluoroquinolone resistance of s. dysenteriae exposed to these antibiotics may occur in the absence of gyra mutations and involve a proton motive force(pmf)-dependent efflux system. | 1998 | 9439608 |
| binding of modified fragments of the shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-specific polysaccharide to monoclonal igm 3707 e9 and docking of the immunodeterminant to its modeled fv. | the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of shigella dysenteriae type 1 has been shown by others to have the structure-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alp ha-d- galp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1-->. we have shown in the past that igm 3707 e9, an anti s. dysenteriae type 1 o-sp monoclonal antibody, binds specifically to the -alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galp-determinant of the polysaccharide. in this report we show that determinant to have hydrogen bonds, necessary for binding to the ant ... | 1998 | 9742688 |
| trends in antibiotic resistance among diarrheal pathogens isolated in thailand over 15 years. | antibiotic resistance trends were examined for shigella species, nontyphoidal salmonella species, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), and campylobacter species isolates from indigenous persons and travelers in thailand for up to 15 years. resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was found in >90% of shigella and 40% of etec and nontyphoidal salmonella isolates. resistance to nalidixic acid was found in 97%-100% of shigella dysenteriae 1 strains isolated between 1992 and 1995. ciprofloxac ... | 1998 | 9502453 |
| increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in shigellas from humans in england and wales: recommendations for therapy. | since 1983 the incidence of resistance to ampicillin in shigella dysenteriae, sh. flexneri, and sh. boydii infections in england and wales has increased from 42% to 65% and the incidence of resistance to trimethoprim, from 6% to 64%. furthermore, of 1524 strains received in 1995-1996, 46% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. for sh. sonnei almost 50% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin or trimethoprim and 15% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. these results demonstra ... | 1998 | 9533726 |
| effect of subinhibitory concentrations of some quinolones on a strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) revealed that the outer membrane proteins of a strain of shigella dysenteriae exposed to four quinolone compounds (ciprofloxacin--cas 85721-33-1, ofloxacin--cas 83380-47-6, pefloxacin--cas 70458-95-6, and enoxacin--cas 74011-58-8) at subinhibitory concentrations of 1/4 or 1/8 of the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) showed no alterations as compared to the control. also the hydrophobicity of the cell surface of the test st ... | 1998 | 9541731 |
| pcr for detection of shigella spp. in mayonnaise. | the use of pcr to amplify a specific vira gene fragment serves as a highly specific and sensitive method to detect virulent bacteria of the genus shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. amplification of a 215-bp dna band was obtained by using isolated genomic dna of shigella, individual cells of shigella dysenteriae, and mayonnaise contaminated with s. dysenteriae. moreover, a multiplex pcr with specific (vira) and bacterium-restricted (16s ribosomal dna) primers generated an amplification ... | 1998 | 9546158 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1 toxin induced lipid peroxidation in enterocytes isolated from rabbit ileum. | to evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ros) in shigella dysenteriae 1 toxin (stx) mediated intestinal infection, the ligated rabbit small intestinal loops were injected with stx. the enterocytes isolated from stx treated rabbit ileal loops had a significantly higher level of lipid peroxidation as compared to enterocytes isolated from control rabbit ileum. to study the role of second messengers in stx mediated intestinal damage, the in vivo and in vitro effects of modulators of lipid pe ... | 1998 | 9546597 |
| molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity. | cautious optimism has arisen over recent decades with respect to the long struggle against bacteria, viruses, and parasites. this has been offset, however, by a fatal complacency stemming from previous successes such as the development of antimicrobial drugs, the eradication of smallpox, and global immunization programs. infectious diseases nevertheless remain the world's leading cause of death, killing at least 17 million persons annually [61]. diarrheal diseases caused by vibrio cholerae or sh ... | 1998 | 9562989 |
| shigella at a wake in adelaide, june 1998. | 1998 | 9893341 | |
| radix puerariae in migraine. | 1998 | 108058 | |
| fetal heart rate during a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure. | although maternal ingestion of antiepileptic drugs is strongly suspected of causing congenital defects, particularly oral clefts, the effect of epilepsy itself or a combined effect of drug intake and epilepsy have not been excluded as etiological factors. very little is known about fetal oxygenation during a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure. we describe two cases in which fetal heart rate was recorded during a maternal epileptic seizure during labor. the first fetus became clearly asphyctic ... | 1998 | 106102 |
| gene complementation in the t-lymphocyte proliferative response to poly (glu55lys36phe9)n. a demonstration that both immune response gene products must be expressed in the same antigen-presenting cell. | the immune response (ir) to the random copolymer glphi depends upon the function of two ir genes, ir-glphi-beta[beta] and ir-glphi-alpha[alpha], mapped to the i-a and i-e/c subregions of the major histocompatibility complex, respectively. in this paper, the site(s) of expression of the products of these two ir genes was examined by evaluating t-lymphocyte proliferative responses of bone marrow radiation chimeras. chimeras were created in [alpha+beta- x alpha-beta+]f1 responder mice by lethal irr ... | 1998 | 105077 |
| antibiotic usage surveillance: an overview of the issues. | 1998 | 121379 | |
| haloperidol treatment of a sixty-year narcotic addiction: case report. | 1998 | 108622 | |
| long-term survival in multiple myeloma. | 1998 | 98920 | |
| [feeding of patients following total laryngectomy]. | 1998 | 108651 | |
| [irresponsible quarrel concerning mammography guidelines]. | 1998 | 108541 | |
| the genetic toxicology of phenoxy acids other than 2,4,5-t. | 1998 | 107443 | |
| morphologic effects of thio-tepa on mammalian urothelium. changes in abnormal cells. | morphologic changes induced by thio-tepa were examined in animals with chemically induced neoplasms. both toxic and metabolic effects were documented. degeneration, vacuolization and increased exfoliation (toxic) were most prominent, occurred within 48 hours of exposure, and tended to subside after removal of the drug. nuclear changes (metabolic) were rare and occurred late. neither toxic nor metabolic effects were specific for thio-tepa: both could be detected in control animals receiving salin ... | 1998 | 104512 |
| crystallography of alpha-lactalbumin. iii. crystals of baboon milk alpha-lactalbumin. | 1998 | 106130 | |
| training of specialists for the biomedical sciences in the ussr. | 1998 | 2132951 | |
| [indications for operation of chronically recurring juvenile appendicitis]. | 1998 | 108578 | |
| [the long term care clinic in falun: active rehabilitation in a nice environment]. | 1998 | 108492 | |
| [use of small primates as experimental animals]. | 1998 | 107034 | |
| histochemical reactions in the walls of the large intestine in ulcerative colitis. | 1998 | 124801 | |
| the health care industry: a case study and future policy issues. | 1998 | 107218 | |
| ribosomal dna in drosophila melanogaster. i. isolation and characterization of cloned fragments. | 1998 | 106128 | |
| [acute mesenteric artery thrombosis]. | 1998 | 107396 | |
| influence of exchange volume and dialysate flow rate on solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis. | to find the ideal dialysate flow rate and exchange volume for use in long-term peritoneal dialysis, 10 patients were studied over a period of 1.5 yr. exchange volumes of 1 or 2 liters and dialysate flow rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 liters/hr were tested. dextrose concentration remained constant at 1.5 g/100 ml. peritoneal clearances for bun, creatinine, and uric acid were calculated at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 hr during dialysis making a total of 120 clearances for each patient. all patients used a re ... | 1998 | 108449 |
| [malabsorption syndrome (classification and diagnosis)]. | 1998 | 107557 | |
| [intensive care at 14 kilometers altitude and 950 kilometers/hr]. | 1998 | 108571 | |
| [infectious gastroenteritis in childhood]. | 1998 | 106240 | |
| rationales for public health insurance coverage of geriatric day care: issues, options, and impacts. | america's long-term care system has been widely criticized for many shortcomings. it relies too heavily upon institutional services, it is too costly, it forces inappropriate levels of care upon patients by offering too few options, in too many instances it offers inferior quality care, and it places too much emphasis on caring for physical ills without concern for enhancing patients' quality of life. alternative modes and settings now under consideration could solve one or more of these problem ... | 1998 | 107220 |
| ["masked" supra-renal tumour (author's transl)]. | for the diagnosis of supra-renal tumours or tumours of supra-renal rests, it is necessary to employ all available radiological methods as well as the clinical data. two cases are described in which a supra-renal tumour had been "masked" and found at operation. in the first case a cyst in the tail of the pancreas had been considered, in the second, a tumour of the renal hilum or ureter had been diagnosed. it is concluded that in the differential diagnosis of a cyst of the tail of the pancreas, su ... | 1998 | 124685 |
| platelet function and occlusive vascular disease in diabetes mellitus. | 1998 | 106136 | |
| pharmacist directed drug information center--malcolm grow usaf medical center. | 1998 | 105321 | |
| nk cell-sensitive t-cell subpopulation in thymus: inverse correlation to host nk activity. | 1998 | 105298 | |
| [diagnosis of magnesium deficiency should be encouraged (proceedings)]. | 1998 | 108548 | |
| formation of non-covalently linked igm polymers: dependence on the protein sulfhydryl groups and zinc ions. | 1998 | 108199 | |
| [prognostic value of bone and marrow lesions in primary myeloid splenomegaly]. | the diagnosis of myelofibrosis depends on three fundamental criteria. myeloid metaplasia of the liver and spleen, absence of philadelphia chromosome and a variable degree of myelofibrosis. it is thus necessary to have available bone and marrow biopsies to make the diagnosis. the analysis of elementary lesions, together with their grouping, was at the origin of various pathological classifications, including those of hickling and jacquillat, chom and ripault. the latter, adopted by most authors, ... | 1997 | 175472 |
| neonatal diagnosis of familial type ii hyperlipoproteinemia. | cord serum prebeta-beta-lipoprotein concentration was measured in a radial immunodiffusion assay in 303 randomly selected, full-term infants whose parental phenotypes were unknown. six infants had elevated concentrations, that is above a cut-off limit of 197 mg/100 ml (97.5th percentile). three of these infants suffered from classic type ii hyperlipoproteinemia, and this diagnosis was confirmed by family studies at follow-up. the three other infants and their parents were shown to be normolipemi ... | 1997 | 175344 |
| protein folding and unfolding. | 1997 | 20567 | |
| morbidity pattern in aged persons attending rural health centre in haryana. | 1997 | 2486987 | |
| on certain electrical phenomena for the interpretation of ch'i in chinese acupuncture. | the author describes a series of experiments on the "microelectric phenomenon" and tires to give new scientific interpretations of acupuncture. thus, the concept of "2-m-c" was developed, which may generate new hypotheses concerning the modus operandi of needle treatment. | 1997 | 164115 |
| artificial gut in gastrointestinal cancer. | 1997 | 499993 | |
| structural studies on the shigella-like escherichia coli o121 o-specific polysaccharide. | the o-specific polysaccharide isolated from the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of escherichia coli o121 by mild acid hydrolysis has been studied using mainly nmr spectroscopy. the polysaccharide was treated with mild base to yield a o-deacetylated polysaccharide which contained d-glcnac, d-galnaca, d-galnacan (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galacturonamide) and d-qui4nacgly (where d-qui4n is 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose) in equimolar proportions. the presence of the amide was confirmed by recording the 1h nmr ... | 1997 | 9373937 |
| release of interleukin-2 induced by a major antigenic outer membrane protein of shigella dysenteriae type 1 in natural infection. | an antigen specific modulation of peripheral blood lymphocyte function was examined in a patient-based study of shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection. interleukin-2 (il-2) production by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from shigella-infected patients was correlated with the expression of host cellular immune responses. to evaluate the role of a 57 kd major antigenic outer membrane protein of s. dysenteriae 1 in the proliferation of pbmc and the production of il-2, the in vitro blast ... | 1997 | 9589610 |
| using epidemiologic tools to control an outbreak of diarrhoea in a textile factory, bulawayo, zimbabwe. | dysentery is endemic in zimbabwe. more than 260,000 cases and a case fatality of four per thousand were reported in 1993. in late july 1994, the health services department in bulawayo was informed of two cases of shigella dysenteriae type i at a textile factory that employs 138 workers. workers were interviewed at the factory regarding the date of the onset of illness, symptoms, food consumed, and treatment received. factory water supply, cooking, and sanitary facilities were inspected. stool an ... | 1997 | 9557445 |
| [studies on bacillary dysentery cases of overseas travellers--during 1979 to 1995]. | a total of 36,780,440 overseas travellers during 1979-1995 (17 years) were quarantined at osaka and kansai airport quarantine station, 84,777 travellers reported themselves suffer from diarrhoea. stools from 29,587 persons were bacteriologically examined. various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 9,766 (33.0%) patients of the stools examined. isolated species were as follows: plesiomonas shigelloides (3,234 cases); salmonella spp. (2,236 cases); enterotoxgenic escherichia coli (1,621 ... | 1997 | 9391324 |
| occurrence in sudan of shigella dysenteriae type 1 with transferable antimicrobial resistance. | 1997 | 9425371 | |
| involvement of a 70-kb plasmid of the epidemic shigella dysenteriae type 1 (dt66) strain in drug-resistance, lipopolysaccharide synthesis, and virulence. | the present work characterizes a 70 kb plasmid of the indian epidemic isolate shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain dt66 in relation to virulence and drug-resistance characters. curing of the plasmids of dt66 strain by acriflavine (af) yielded seven groups of af-cured derivatives. one group of derivatives containing 5 plasmids (70-2.5 kb) as against 6 (120-2.5 kb) in the wild type showed resistance to chloramphenicol, pivmecillinam, streptomycin, and tetracycline (cmrpivrsmrtcr) but sensitivity for ... | 1997 | 9442487 |
| hydrophobicity and outer membrane proteins of shigella dysenteriae type 1 after treatment with subinhibitory concentrations of aminoglycosides. | hydrophobicity and profiles of outer membrane proteins of shigella dysenteriae type 1 after treatment with subinhibitory concentrations (1/2 or 1/4 of the mic) of aminoglycosides were studied. the antimicrobial activity of the antibiotics tested was 3.12 mg/l (amikacin, tobramycin) and 6.25 mg/l (gentamicin). the hydrophobicity of the cell surface of s. dysenteriae type 1 was decreased after exposure to all aminoglycosides at a concentration of 1/2 of the mics; 1/4 of the mics of the antibiotics ... | 1997 | 9438357 |
| isolation of a fluoroquinolone resistant shigella dysenteriae 1 strain from calcutta. | fourteen strains of shigella spp. were isolated from patients aged 5-12 yr, hospitalized with dysentery during 1995-1996. the strains isolated were shigella dysenteriae 1, s. flexneri and s.sonnei. all but one of the 14 strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. the mic of both the fluoroquinolones was 15 micrograms/ml for the resistant s.dysenteriae 1 strain (nrm4). therefore, the careful use of antimicrobials is required for therapy of shigellosis. | 1997 | 9439093 |
| evaluation of enzyme-labeled oligonucleotide probes to identify enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli. | alkaline phosphatase-conjugated oligonucleotide probes were developed to detect the gene coding for vero toxin 1 (vt1) and vero toxin 2 (vt2). using these probes, 3 hr was enough to detect vt genes when suspicious colonies of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) were obtained on an agar plate. the results of a hybridization test with 144 isolates of ehec o157 and one isolate of shigella dysenteriae type 1 agreed exactly with the immunological detection, reversed passive latex agglutination ... | 1997 | 9444330 |
| identification of shua, the gene encoding the heme receptor of shigella dysenteriae, and analysis of invasion and intracellular multiplication of a shua mutant. | shua encodes a 70-kda outer membrane heme receptor in shigella dysenteriae. analysis of the shua dna sequence indicates that this gene encodes a protein with homology to tonb-dependent receptors of gram-negative bacteria. transport of heme by the shua protein requires tonb and its accessory proteins exbb and exbd. the shua dna sequence contains a putative fur box overlapping the -10 region of a potential shua promoter, and the expression of shua is repressed by exogenous iron or hemin in a fur-d ... | 1997 | 9393841 |
| cloning and characterisation of the aroa and arod genes of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | the aroa and arod genes from shigella dysenteriae type 1, encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase and 3-dehydroquinase, respectively, were cloned by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). their nucleotide sequences were determined and predicted to code for 46 kda and 27.5 kda proteins, respectively. protein expressed from these genes using the minicell system, corresponded to the size of the predicted protein products. the cloned genes were shown to be functional by complementation of esc ... | 1997 | 9403507 |
| epidemic shigella dysentery in south africa. | 1997 | 9411815 | |
| [shigella dysenteriae strains possessing a new serovar isolated from imported diarrheal cases in japan]. | two shigella strains (93-119 and 95-619) isolated from stool cultures of imported diarrheal cases in japan, did not react to any antisera of the established shigella serovars. these strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of shigella dysenteriae, and were biochemically identical to each other. both strains were positive in the serény test and other tests for invasiveness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. the results of antigenic analysis showed that they did ... | 1997 | 9209121 |
| antibiotic resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae and shigella causing diarrhoea outbreaks in the eastern africa region: 1994-1996. | between march 1994 and december 1996, 1797 rectal swabs were transported to the amref laboratory from sites in six countries in the eastern africa region: 1749 were cultured for vibrio cholerae and 48 for shigella/salmonella. culture, isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using standardized techniques. the isolates were categorized as sensitive or resistant based on standardized zones of inhibition. the rate of isolation of v. cholerae from rectal swabs i ... | 1997 | 9185422 |
| the site-specific recombinase encoded by pind in shigella dysenteriae is due to the presence of a defective mu prophage. | the dna inversion systems are made up of an invertible dna segment and a site-specific recombinase gene. five systems are known in prokaryotes: the salmonella typhimurium h segment and hin gene (h-hin), phage mu g-gin, phage p1 c-cin, escherichia coli e14 p-pin, and shigella sonnei b-pinb systems. in this report a site-specific recombinase (pind) gene of shigella dysenteriae was cloned and sequenced. pind mediated inversion of five known segments at the same extent in e. coli. although one inv s ... | 1997 | 9202481 |
| sensitization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to shiga toxin: involvement of protein kinase c and nf-kappab. | infection of humans with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella dysenteriae 1 is strongly associated with vascular endothelial cell damage and the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the cytotoxic effect of shiga toxins on vascular endothelial cells in vitro is enhanced by prior exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) or either of the host cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf) and interleukin-1beta (il-1). the purpose of this study was to examine individua ... | 1997 | 9234795 |
| epidemic dysentery in western kenya. | this paper describes the epidemiology of a probable shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery epidemic in western kenya. a retrospective record review over 2 years of all cases of dysentery, amoebiasis and diarrhoea was carried out in 13 healthcare facilities in the rarieda division of nyanza province. of the 3301 cases recorded, 2191 were dysentery, giving a cumulative 2 years incidence rate for dysentery of 4%. the epidemic began in december 1994 and peaked in february 1995, coinciding with the ve ... | 1997 | 9463662 |
| nosocomial transmission of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | an outbreak of dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae type 1 occurred in a chronic care psychiatric institution in durban, south africa. of the 10 patients who developed dysentery, 4 (40%) died. s. dysenteriae type 1 was isolated from stool samples from two of the four patients tested and ribotyping showed that these isolates were identical but differed from other community acquired strains. the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole. infection con ... | 1997 | 9421771 |
| an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae type 2 among laboratory workers due to intentional food contamination. | shigella dysenteriae type 2 is rare in the united states, and outbreaks associated with this pathogen are uncommon. | 1997 | 9244331 |
| [the role of shigella dysenteriae toxin formation at different stages in the forming of the cellular immune response in experimental animals]. | the immunomodulating action of genetically related pairs of strains of s. dysenteriae 1, differing by the presence of high molecular plasmid with a mol. wt. of 140 md and transposon-mediated mutation in the tox-gene chromosome (4 phenotypes: inv+ tox+; inv+ tox-; inv- tox+; inv- tox-), was studied. the study was carried out with the use of the experimental intraperitoneal infection of cba mice with live shigella cells in a dose of 5x10(7) microbial cells. for the first time the role of shiga tox ... | 1997 | 9245145 |
| renal problems in black south african children. | black south african children have an increased prevalence of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis, hepatitis b-associated membranous nephropathy, congenital syphilis, congenital nephrotic syndrome with alport-like basement membrane changes and takayasu's arteritis, but a paucity of reflux nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease and non-shigella-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome. however, in recent years, the haemolytic uraemic syndrome has become more prevalent ... | 1997 | 9260259 |
| nonserotypeable shigella dysenteriae isolated from a dutch patient returning from india. | 1997 | 9272399 | |
| antimicrobial activity of terminalia macroptera root. | terminalia macroptera guill et perr. (combretaceae) is a medicinal plant used in guinea-bissau and other west african countries to treat infectious diseases. the ethanol extract from t. macroptera decorticated root and their liquid-liquid partition fractions, were screened for antimicrobial activity, by the twofold serial microdilution assay against seven reference bacterial strains and against candida albicans. the extract and fractions showed some activity against at least one of the test micr ... | 1997 | 9292414 |
| post-dysenteric hemolytic uremic syndrome in children during an epidemic of shigella dysentery in kwazulu/natal. | we report 81 of 107 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus), admitted between july 1994 and february 1996, following an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery in kwazulu/natal. all patients, excluding 1, were black with a mean age of 38 months (range 1-121); 50 (61.7%) were males. the mean duration of dysentery was 11.3 days (range 1-41) and hus 15 days (range 1-91). most patients had acute oliguric renal failure (90.1%), 42 (51.6%) required peritoneal dialysis. complications include ... | 1997 | 9323280 |
| antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of shigella isolates in kigali, rwanda (1983 to 1993): increasing frequency of multiple resistance. | the serotype distribution and susceptibility to nine antibiotics was determined for 2491 shigella isolates cultured in the medical laboratory of the centre hospitalier de kigali, rwanda, during 1983 to 1993. overall, shigella flexneri was the most frequent species, ranking before shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, and shigella dysenteriae. however, the relative frequency of the different shigella spp. showed an important variability over time. s flexneri increased from 40% in 1983 to 68% of the i ... | 1997 | 9327243 |
| involvement of a 43-kilodalton outer membrane protein in beta-lactam resistance of shigella dysenteriae. | a beta-lactam-sensitive strain (c152) of shigella dysenteriae showed two major outer membrane proteins (omps) with m(r)s of 43,000 and 38,000, while the clinical isolate m2 lacked the 43,000-mr omp, which acted as a channel for beta-lactam antibiotics. permeability of beta-lactams across the outer membrane (om) of m2 was lower than that across the om of c152. mutants deficient in the 43-kda omp could be selected in vitro from strain c152 in the presence of cefoxitin. all beta-lactam-resistant st ... | 1997 | 9333070 |
| [bacterial dysentery in 1995]. | 1997 | 9333867 | |
| [how is hemolytic-uremic syndrome in childhood acquired in switzerland?]. | intestinal infections with shigatoxin-producing escherichia coli or shigella dysenteriae type i play a major role in the pathogenesis of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in childhood. escherichia coli has been repeatedly detected in the intestines of healthy cattle. twenty-seven children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome were treated at our hospital between june 1990 and march 1997. factors indicating a possible previous contact with bovine intestinal content were found in 18 out of the 27 patients: p ... | 1997 | 9333932 |
| quantitative assessment of igg and iga subclass producing cells in rectal mucosa during shigellosis. | to assess quantitatively both the morphological changes in the rectal mucosa and the changes in the relative frequency of iga and igg subclass producing cells found in the rectal mucosa during the acute phase of shigellosis and at convalescence. | 1997 | 9378821 |
| characterization of shigella type 1 fimbriae: expression, fima sequence, and phase variation. | this study documents the presence of type 1 fimbriae on shigella and confirms these mannose-sensitive adherence structures to be bona fide components of the shigella surface. while laboratory-passaged shigella strains and lyophilized clinical isolates failed to express type 1 fimbriae, 6 of 20 recent clinical isolates, including 4 shigella flexneri strains, 1 shigella boydii strain, and 1 shigella dysenteriae strain, produced type 1 fimbriae as detected by mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (msh ... | 1997 | 9169792 |
| shiga toxin induces medullary tubular injury in isolated perfused rat kidneys. | to investigate the potential direct nephrotoxicity of shiga toxin, a putative mediator for hemolytic uremic syndrome, purified toxin (10(-11) m) was added to isolated rat kidneys perfused for 160 min with a krebs-henseleit acellular medium enriched with albumin and amino acids. kidney function and morphology were examined after perfusion with the shiga toxin vs controls. shiga toxin did not significantly alter renal perfusion flow, glomerular filtration rate, or tubular sodium reabsorption, but ... | 1997 | 9215587 |
| a new cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) from escherichia coli producing cnf2 blocks hela cell division in g2/m phase. | escherichia coli strain 1404, isolated from a septicaemic calf, carries a transferable plasmid called pvir which codes for the cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 2 (cnf2). a 4h interaction between strain 1404 and hela cells induced the formation of giant mononucleated cells blocked in g2/m phase. mating experiments between strain 1404 and a non-pathogenic recipient strain demonstrated that the factor(s) encoded by pvir mediated the cell-cycle arrest. a 3.3 kb dna fragment isolated from a dna bank ... | 1997 | 9220015 |
| to sting or be stung: bacteria-induced apoptosis. | 1997 | 9234503 |