Publications

shigella vaginitis: report of 38 patients and review of the literature.	thirty-eight cases of shigella vaginitis were identified in a retrospective review of records kept over the past 14 years. the cases of vaginitis were due to three subgroups of shigella. vaginitis varied in severity and duration, persisting for several months in some instances. in 47% of the cases, there was associated bloody vaginal discharge. only two children had diarrhea temporally associated with vaginitis, but six others had had diarrhea. many treatment modalities were used. systemic antib ...	1979	375177
shigella serotypes in recent isolations at lucknow.		1979	376439
infectious mononucleosis associated with fatal beta hemolytic streptococcal infection.		1979	378507
high-resolution phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of yeast phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid. melting curves and relaxation effects.	in a continuation of our studies on structural effects on the 31p chemical shifts of nucleic acids, we present 31p nmr spectra of yeast phenylalanine trna in the presence and absence of mg2+. superconducting field (146 mhz) and 32-mhz 31p nmr spectra reveal approximately 15 nonhelical diester signals spread over approximately 7 ppm besides the downfield terminal 3'-phosphate monoester. in the presence of 10 mm mg2+, most scattered and main cluster signals do not shift between 22--66 degrees c, t ...	1979	383146
artificial salmonella vaccines: o-antigenic oligosaccharide-protein conjugates induce protection against infection with salmonella typhimurium.	outbred mice were vaccinated with various artificial salmonella vaccines and subsequently challenged intraperitoneally with graded doses of virulent salmonella typhimurium. the salmonella vaccines used were: (i) octasaccharide, obtained by hydrolysis of the o-antigenic polysaccharide chain of s. typhimurium strain sh 4809 with phage p22-associated endo-rhamnosidase and covalently linked to either diphtheria toxin or edestine; (ii) purified outer membrane proteins (porins) from s. typhimurium; an ...	1979	387597
isolation of haemin-requiring mutants of escherichia coli k12.	fifty-five haemin-requiring mutants were isolated from haemin-permeable mutants. according to their growth responses to haem precursors and their patterns of porphyrin accumulation, the 55 mutants fell into three groups which were judged to have defects in 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase, ferrochelatase, and uroporphyrinogen iii cosynthase or uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. in mutants of the group deficient in 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase, the mutations were adjacent to lac, and evidence is pre ...	1979	387909
epidemiology of shigella dysenteriae, type 1 infections, in dacca urban area.	a prospective study of 47 families with an index case of shigella dysenteriae type 1 was conducted in the urban areas of dacca. the subsequent infection rates in contacts type 1 were 30.6% and 28.3% in the age groups 0--4 and 5--9. total secondary infection rate was 20.4% with rates in males higher than in females. among the contacts 12.5% developed diarrhoea caused by the same serotype, but 22.1% developed diarrhoea with undiagnosed causes. for one hospitalised case there were seven symptomatic ...	1979	388775
shigella dysenteriae, sh flexneri, and sh boydii infections in england and wales: the importance of foreign travel.		1979	389342
a satire on the influenza of 1803.		1979	390272
fifty years ago. paper published in the december issue 1925. a review of a recent epidemic of bacillary dysentery with special reference to a new therapy: a paper read before the uganda branch of the british medical association, march 1925.		1979	391538
patterns of shigella species and serotypes in east africa.		1979	391541
sub-populations of peripheral lymphocytes from patients with shigella bacillary dysentery with associated leucocytosis.	in this study we ascertained the proportion and absolute number of t, b and nul cell peripheral lymphocytes from shigella dysenteriae type i patients and compared these results with those from age matched controls. single blood samples were collected from 13 bangladeshi children who complained of symptoms for one or more weeks. patients were divided into two categories, with and without a leukaemoid response. the leukaemoid response was primarily granulocytic in nature, but there was a substanti ...	1979	395727
septicaemic manifestations of shigellosis.		1979	396236
shigella dysenteriae 1-like cytotoxic enterotoxins produced by salmonella strains.	a salmonella enteritidis strain produced a cytotoxin in addition to heat-labile (lt) and heat-stable (st) enterotoxins. two strains of serotypes salmonella kapemba and salmonella thompson were lt and st negative, but exhibited a cytotoxic effect. after sephadex g-100 fractionation of the crude s. enteritidis material, some high and low molecular fractions had both cytotonic and cytotoxic activities. of the two other salmonellae, only some high molecular fractions contained the cytotoxic substanc ...	1979	396765
enterotoxins of enteric bacteria--a review.	a review of the enterotoxins of enteric bacteria was compiled, taking into account recent developments of the field as well as results of the author's own research work. after characterization of enterotoxins of different origin, their pathogenic role is described, with special attention to the genetic background of these agents. the possible use of enterotoxins for active immunization purposes is also discussed.	1979	399581
adenosine and deoxyadenosine kinase from rat liver.		1979	232628
intracellular oxygen tension and energy metabolism in the cat brain cortex during haemorrhagic shock.	the changes in intracellular oxygen tension and energy metabolism of the cat brain cortex were studied by surface fluororeflectometry during haemorrhagic shock. the results may be summarized as follows. (a) intracellular oxygen tension, i.e. the maximum cortical nad reduction obtained during nitrogen gas inhalation decreased gradually during the hypovolaemic phase of shock and finally, the brain cortex became ischaemic. (b) partial uncoupling of the cerebrocortical mitochondrial respiration and ...	1979	232967
[isolation of bovine cell lines and susceptibility to foot-and-mouth disease virus].	morphology and chromosomes of cell sublines derived from two new bovine kidney lines are reported. cell susceptibility to the foot-and-mouth disease virus is discussed. one of the sublines showed epithelial-like cells, while the remainder, elonged fibroblastic-like cells. most of them had a diploid number of chromosomes. from these sublines only one was sensible to the foot-and-mouth disease virus.	1979	233200
[circadian rhythm of poly a polymerase in rat liver nuclei].	isolated nuclei from the liver of rats maintained under daily scheduled conditions of light (12 hrs) and food (8 hrs) showed a peak of mn2+-dependent poly (a) polymerase activity 6 hrs after the beginning of the feeding period, as shown by dna dependent rna polymerase b. in fasting animals the peak of poly (a) polymerase occurs at 18.00.	1979	233201
[blood transfusion and viral diseases. recent acquisitions concerning viral hepatitis viruses, cytomegaloviruses and epstein-barr virus].	in recent years, an increasingly clear picture has been formed of the virus-induced syndromes that may follow a blood transfusion or the use of blood derivatives. up to about 10 years ago, post-infusion infection was predominantly due to serum hepatitis. blumberg's discovery of hbsag (formerly known as australia antigen) has made it possible to check and prevent viral hepatitis, type b, and to recognise such distinct forms as the mononucleosis-like syndrome caused by cytomegalic virus, infectiou ...	1979	219399
identification of cytomegalovirus in bone marrow biopsy.	the bone marrow trephine biopsy has become a common procedure for evaluating hematopoietic abnormalities. occasionally, the first clue to an infectious process is obtained from this source. a bone marrow biopsy, done to evaluate pancytopenia in a patient who had received a renal transplant, revealed large intranuclear inclusions diagnostic of cytomegalovirus. antibody titers were initially negative but rose over the next few weeks to confirm the diagnosis. even though the bone marrow biopsy may ...	1979	219548
acute epiglottitis: 26 years' experience at the montreal children's hospital.	two hundred and four cases of acute epiglottitis treated at the montreal children's hospital between 1951 and 1978 are reviewed. the comparison of tracheostomy vs. nasotracheal intubation is discussed. nasotracheal intubation has been found to be the treatment of choice as long as the necessary services are available in the hospital.	1979	313456
formation of a stable complex between human proelastase 2 and human alpha 1-protease inhibitor.		1979	313930
the general pharmacology of a novel antitussive compound ru 20201.	1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-8,9b-dimethyl-4[3-(4-methyl piperazin-1-yl)propionamido] dibenzofuran-3-one dihydrochloride (ru 20201) is an antitussive compound with a potency comparable to that of codeine. unlike codeine, ru 20201 is devoid of any apparent cns effects and does not depress the respiratory system. it has no adverse effect on the gastrointestinal tract no has it any analgesic or anti-inflammatory properties. only at very high doses was a local anaesthetic effect observed.	1979	314807
refractory pneumocystis carinii infection in chronic granulomatous disease: successful treatment with granulocytes.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed in an 11-year-old girl with chronic granulomatous disease who had normal cellular and humoral immunity. the patient remained febrile during treatment with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and pentamidine but became afebrile when treated with a series of 12 granulocyte transfusions combined with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. in addition to documenting p carinii infection in chronic granulomatous disease our findings suggest that granulocyte transfusions may ...	1979	316128
multi-element analysis of the rat hippocampus by proton induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, lead, bromine, and rubidium).	a technique for multi-element analysis of brain tissue by proton induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (pixe) is described and data from analysis of fixed and unfixed samples from rat hippocampus, neocortex, amygdala, and spinal cord is presented and commented on. the atoms present in the tissue are bombarded with protons which causes the ejection of electrons from the inner shells. when the "holes" are refilled with electrons from outer shells, x-ray quanta characteristic for each element are emi ...	1979	429203
the effect of some anti-rheumatic agents on tuberculin pleurisy in the guinea-pig [proceedings].		1979	497564
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: covalent binding of reactive metabolic intermediates principally to protein in vitro.	2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) is metabolized by the mouse liver cytochrome p-450-mediated monooxygenase system to reactive intermediates which bind 'covalently' to cellular macromolecules. although very difficult to quantitate, the presumably covalent binding to microsomal protein occurs between 120 and 2,640 times more readily than binding to deproteinized dna in the in vitro reaction. because of the extremely high rate of binding to protein rather than to dna, it is visualized tha ...	1979	515166
firing of horses.		1979	516355
the effect of the electromagnetic field and 0,0-diethyl-0-1-(2,4-dichlorphenyl)-2-bromovinylphosphate and 0,0-dimethyl-3-1-(2,4-dichlorphenyl)-2-bromovinylphosphate on the survival of balantidium coli (malmsten).		1979	524894
complications at balloon catheter angiography. experiments in rabbits and dogs.	overdistension of a balloon catheter may injure an artery and this risk increases with decreasing vessel calibre. before balloon occlusion an estimation of the calibre of the vessel at a preliminary angiography is recommended.	1979	525401
responses of supraoptic neurones to local hypertonic saline in the rat [proceedings].		1979	529135
kinetic properties of the purified 3-hexulosephosphate synthase from pseudomonas oleovorans.	the kinetic characteristics of the purified 3-hexulosephosphate synthase from the facultative methylotroph pseudomonas oleovorans were investigated. it could be demonstrated that the dependence of the reaction rate on the rib(ul)ose-5-phosphate as well as the formaldehyde concentration has a complex shape with the appearence of plateau and trough regions. the shape of the curve is changed in dependence on the fixed level of the second substrate. multiple forms of the 3-hexulosephosphate synthase ...	1979	538957
a sensitive fluorimetric microassay for the determination of glutathione peroxidase activity. application to human blood platelets.		1979	543550
[influence of phenobarbital on hyperbilirubinemia caused by nicotinic acid and rifamycin--sv in healthy subjects].	ten healthy subjects have been given before and after treatment with phenobarbital the following intravenous charges: a) nicotinic acid; b) rifamicyn-sv; c) simultaneous administration of the two drugs. along with confirmatory evidence of the wellknown increase in bilirubinaemia (prevalently unconjugated), we have observed phenobarbital to attempts partially yet significantly that effect. on the base of direct experience on rat liver, we hypothise phenobarbital to increase the pool of the y prot ...	1979	548051
[inhibitory effects of indomethacin on prolactin liberation induced with peptides with opium-like activity].	indomethacin inhibits prolactin liberating effects by met-enkefalin-nh2, a synthetic analogue of met-enkefalin, both in intact and in ovariectomized, estradiol benzoate treated rats. the introduction of pge1 increases the intensity of this effect. it is therefore possible to suppose that the pgs are involved as intermediaries of the prolactin relasing effect induced by met-enh-nh2.	1979	548065
[changes in the sialic acid content in the blood serum of calves with bronchopneumonia following treatment].	the effect of a combination of calcium gluconate, magnesium sulfuricum, natrium salycilate, analgin, vit. c, vit. b1 and norsulfasol diluted in physiological solution of natrium chloride and 5% glucose was investigated. the combination was applied intravenously or per os on two groups of calves suffering from bronchopneumonia. it was established that in calves treated with the combination sialic acid is reduced as compared to calves treated only with antibiotics. therefore it is recommended to a ...	1979	549262
immunology and pathogenesis of african animal trypanosomiasis.		1979	550706
organization and sequence studies of the 17-piece chicken conalbumin gene.	the conalbumin gene has been cloned and shown to consist of at least 17 exons approximately 60-200 base pairs long. the dna sequence upstream from the region coding for the 5' end of the mrna shows similarities with sequences present in homologous positions in other genes. high and low frequency repetitive sequences are found both upstream from the conalbumin gene and within one intron.	1979	551292
aspartame: assessment of developmental psychotoxicity of a new artificial sweetener.		1979	551307
studies on the inhibitory effects of zinc heptanoate on microorganisms.	inhibitory effect of zinc heptanoate was observed on different cultures of bacteria and fungi. growth of all the bacteria was inhibited by the compound. greatest inhibition was seen in the case of staphylococcus albus, streptococcus pyogenes, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhi, s. paratyphi a, s. paratyphi b, vibrio cholerae, corynebacterium diphtheriae, and e. coli whereas least inhibition was found in the case of staphylococcus aureus. in triethanolamine ...	1979	553835
[interest of gamma-glutamyltransferase in "enterobacteriaceae" (author's transl)].	gamma-glutamyltransferase (gammagt) could be detected in 86,6% of 3,027 strains of enterobacteriaceae, by the use of gamma-l-glutamin-p-nitranilide acid for substrate. the following species produced gamma gt: citrobacter freundii, levinea malonatica, l. amalonatica, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, k. ozaenae, enterobacter aerogenes, e. cloacae, e. agglomerans, e. gergoviae, k. ozaenae, enterobacter aerogenes, e. cloacae, e. agglomerans, e. gergoviae, hafnia alvei, erwinia carotovora, serratia ...	1980	6104464
inhibition of protein synthesis in intact hela cells by shigella dysenteriae 1 toxin.	shiga toxin purified to near homogeneity from cell lysates of shigella dysenteriae 1 inhibited protein and deoxyribonucle acid syntheses in intact hela cells. inhibition was dependent on toxin concentration and time of incubation. a minimal latent period of 30 min was observed with saturating doses of toxin. ribonucleic acid synthesis, uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, and maintenance of intracellular k+ concentrations were not affected until well after maximal inhibition of protein and deox ...	1980	6156915
acute diarrheal infections in infants i. bacterial and viral causes.	this first article of a 2-part series examined the epidemiology, therapy, and prospects for immunoprophylaxis of diarrheal infections in infants. 3 main strains of escherichia coli can be identifiied with the etiology of infantile diarrhea: enterotoxigenic e. coli, invasive e. coli, and enteropathogenic e. coli. viral agents may also be the etiological agents. specific pathogens can be identified in 55-85% of cases of infantile diarrhea today; in the 1960s, only 25-34% of cases could be ident ...	1980	6243608
interaction of shigella shigae cytotoxin with receptors on sensitive and insensitive cells.	the effect of a cytotoxin isolated from shigella shigae has been tested on different cell lines. hela s3 cells, as well as some other human carcinoma cells, were killed by picomolar to femtomolar concentrations of the pure toxin, whereas certain other human carcinoma cells and a variety of non-epithelial cells from human tissue and from various animal tissues were resistant to-nanomolar concentrations of the toxin. binding studies with 125 i-labelled shigella shigae cytotoxin showed that the sen ...	1980	6895387
isolation and characterization of shigella shigae cytotoxin.	shigella shigae cytotoxin was isolated from pressure-dialyzed culture medium and from a 26-year-old sample of partially purified toxin. the toxin was adsorbed to a column of acid-treated chitin at low salt concentration and eluted with 1 m nacl. the partially purified toxin was labeled with 125 i and resubmitted to chromatography on acid-treated chitin. the labeled material eluted with 1 m nacl was mixed with unlabeled rabbit hemoglobin as a carrier and the toxin was further purified by chromato ...	1980	7350160
plasmids and antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria.		1980	6987459
prolonged intermittent diarrhea after shiga dysentery: postdysenteric syndrome.	a 42-year-old woman had dysentery caused by the shiga bacillus, shigella dysenteriae type 1, while taking diphenoxylate with atropine during and after her return from a trip to mexico. although she was treated with appropriate antibiotics, she suffered a prolonged and toxic acute course followed by intermittent bouts of diarrhea and abdominal cramping which persisted for two years. the risk of confusing shiga dysentery with ulcerative colitis is illustrated by the presentation, management, and p ...	1980	6987740
shigella toxin inhibition of binding and translation of polyuridylic acid by escherichia coli ribosomes.	shigella toxin inhibits polyuridylic acid-directed polymerization of phenylalanine in ribosome-enzyme systems obtained from escherichia coli or from shigella dysenteriae. the inhibition is the result of toxin acting on ribosomes to prevent polyuridylic acid attachment.	1980	6988411
bacillary dysentery due to multidrug resistant sh. dysenteriae type 1.		1980	6991403
regulation of tryptophan biosynthesis.		1980	6996563
[formation of iron-binding metabolites by bacteria of the enterobacteriaceae family].	the capacity of enterobacteriaceae strains cultivated in a synthetic medium for the biosynthesis of catechols and hydroxamates has been studied. among the strains under study all strains of the genera salmonella (8 strains), escherichia (102 strains), citrobacter (5 strains), enterobacter (2 strains), serratia (1 strain) synthesize catechols. in the genus shigella (128 strains) all sh. flexneri serovars (79 strains) do not synthesize catechols, other representatives of this genus synthesize iron ...	1980	6998212
association of human enteric pathogenicity and mouse lung toxicity of escherichia coli.	mouse lung toxicity of 439 strains (431 escherichia coli, 1 shigella dysenteriae 1, 1 enterobacter cloacae, 5 vibrio sp., 1 klebsiella) was compared to other pathogenicity tests (mouse virulence, enterotoxicity, guinea pig eye test), to serogroup distribution, loss of virulence on storage, origin and haemolytic activity. mouse lethality was highest in serogroup o4 (p < 0.001), o18a,c (p < 0.001); serogroups o6, o20, o75, o115, o147 were next in order. e. coli serogroups o19, o26, o28a,b, o32, o5 ...	1980	6998258
esterase electrophoretic pattern relatedness between shigella species and escherichia coli.	esterases of 57 strains of shigella dysenteriae, sh. flexneri, sh. boydii and sh. sonnei and 26 strains of escherichia coli, including the alkalescens dispar group, were compared by polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis. six types of esterase bands differing in their ability to hydrolyse synthetic substrates and in their sensitivity to heat and to di-isofluoropropyl phosphate were defined. individual activities and sensitivities of these bands and the apparent molecular weight of the major ...	1980	6999118
randomized trial of high- and low-dose ampicillin therapy for treatment of severe dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae type 1.	to establish optimal therapy for severe dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri, we compared in a prospective randomized trial two oral ampicillin doses (50 and 150 mg/kg per day) in 57 children and 39 adults in dacca, bangladesh. clinical failure did not occur in either group, indicating that conventional doses need not be increased even in severe disease. among children 3 years of age or under, bacteriological relapses tended to be more frequent in the low-dose group ...	1980	6999981
cytotoxicity of shigella dysenteriae 1 for cultured mammalian cells.	the cytotoxicity of an invasive toxigenic wild-type strain of shigella dysenteriae 1 (3818t) was compared with that of noninvasive, toxigenic strain 38180 and hypotoxigenic strain 725. cytolysis of hela or henle 407 cells exposed to these strains was measured by release of (3h) uridine from prelabeled monolayers. hela cells exposed to noninvasive, toxigenic strain 38180, or to partially purified shiga toxin were lysed only after a latent period of more than 8 hr. during this period, protein synt ...	1980	7001884
shigella dysenteriae i enterotoxin: proposed role in pathogenesis of shigellosis.	bacterial strains of shigella dysenteriae i (3818-t and 3818-o) and shigella enterotoxin altered myoelectric activity of the small intestine in new zealand white rabbits. these agents were compared with activity caused by sterile culture broth or sterile saline. the altered myoelectric activity was characterized by two distinct complexes: repetitive bursts of action potentials (rbap), characteristic of invasive strains of bacteria, and the migrating action potential complex (mapc), characteristi ...	1980	7001925
characterization of shigella dysenteriae 1 (shiga) toxin purified by anti-shiga toxin affinity chromatography.	shigella dysenteriae 1 (shiga) toxin was purified from whole-cell lysates by antitoxin affinity column chromatography, radioiodination, and sephacryl s-200 gel filtration of 125i-labeled affinity column eluates. two chromatographic peaks were observed. the percentage of radioactivity in peak i samples immunoprecipitated with antitoxin ranged from 95 to 100%. a pool of samples from this first peak contained over 90% of the hela-cell-cytotoxic units applied to the column and was enterotoxic for ra ...	1980	7002787
isolation and characterization of minicell-producing mutants of shigella spp.	minicells are small, anucleate cells resulting from aberrant cell divisions at the polar ends of bacilli. we have isolated minicell-producing mutant strains of shigella flexneri 2a (mc-i) and shigella dysenteriae 1 (mc-v) after mutagenesis with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine. microscopically, broth cultures of mc-i and mc-v were found to contain free minicells, normal cells, and filamentous cells with polar, attached minicells. both strains retained their ability to provoke keratoconjuncti ...	1980	7002790
contrasting epidemiology of shigellae dysenteriae and shigellae flexneri, dacca.		1980	7003832
[characteristics and function of enterotoxins of gram negative bacteria (author's transl)].	several factors are important for the pathogenesis of bacterial intestinal disease: 1. colonisation of the intestine; 2. exo(= entero)toxin production without penetration into the intestinal wall; 3. invasion of the intestinal wall with or without (?) simultaneous formation of enterotoxin. these factors are of different importance for the various infective agents. whereas cholera is exclusively caused by an enterotoxin, this is of minor importance for the pathogenesis of shigella dysentery. the ...	1980	7005079
survival of shigellae in soil.	the survival of four shigella strains in soil (sh. sonnei, sh. boydii, sh. flexneri and sh. dysenteriae) was studied under various conditions. their survival period was tested in two different types of sterile soil at 18-20 degrees c and in one type of soil at 4 and 37 degrees c. this latter type of soil, after enrichment with casaminoacids or (nh4)2hpo4 was also used for testing again the survival of the strains at 18-20 degrees c. though the initial number of the inoculated microorganisms was ...	1980	7006270
relative potencies of four reference endotoxin standards as measured by the limulus amoebocyte lysate and usp rabbit pyrogen tests.	four commonly used reference endotoxin standards, escherichia coli o113:h10:k0, e. coli o55:b5, salmonella abortusequi, and shigella dysenteriae were compared by the usp rabbit pyrogen and the limulus amoebocyte lysate tests. by the rabbit pyrogen test, s. abortus equi was identified as the most potent endotoxin, followed closely by e. coli o113:h10:k0 and e. coli o55:b5.	1980	7006505
resistance to trimethoprim and other antibiotics in shigellae isolated in the province of ontario.	antimicrobial susceptibility determinations for three commonly used and seven seldom used antibacterial drugs against 482 strains of shigellae isolated in ontario during 1977 and 1978 were carried out. resistance to the first-line treatment drugs, ampicillin and tetracycline, occurred in 20.5 and 39.2% of strains, respectively. the emergence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was noted for the first time in 3.2% of the strains in 1978. all strains retained their susceptibility to gentam ...	1980	7006767
nucleotide sequences of the trpg regions of escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhimurium and serratia marcescens.		1980	7007652
foodborne outbreak of shigellosis caused by an unusual shigella strain.	a family outbreak of foodborne shigellosis caused by an unusual strain of shigella is described. the strain was a mannitol-positive variant of shigella dysenteriae and agglutinated in antiserum prepared against provisional serotype 3341-55.	1980	6768766
comparative studies on the regulation of tryptophan synthesis.	in vitro dna recombination techniques have revolutionized the study of genetic control of biosynthetic pathways. using examples drawn from the pathway of tryptophan synthesis, approaches to the deciphering of regulatory signals and response mechanisms through transposition of dna segments and dna sequence analysis will be presented. after reviewing the known chromosomal arrangements and regulatory patterns of trp genes in the bacterial groups studied so far, and describing the results of transfe ...	1980	6772375
effects of intravenous and aerosol administration of crude shigella toxin to rhesus macaques: preliminary study.	experiments were conducted to determine the dose response, survival time, blood biochemical changes, and cardiohepatic responses to a single iv injection of crude shigella toxin in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). circulatory shock, hepatic falure, respiratory depression, dyspnea, convulsions, and coma were observed before death. the survival time was inversely related to the administered toxic dose, which ranged from 20 to 200 microgram/kg of body weight. however, the severity of lesions in th ...	1980	6773452
[features of the infectious process caused by shigellae of different species].		1980	6778021
quantitative microtiter cytotoxicity assay for shigella toxin.	the cytotoxic activity of shigella dysenteriae 1 was assayed by exposing hela cells in microtiter cultures to dilutions of toxin. exposure to toxin caused either failure of cells in suspension to attach or detachment of cells from established monolayers. estimates of toxin potency were made by staining residual cells with crystal violet and visually inspecting the stained plates. quantitation of the cytotoxic effect was made possible by eluting and spectrophotometrically measuring the stain. the ...	1980	7012172
effect of sodium fluoride rinsing on dental plaque accumulation.	1. daily rinsing with water does not prevent plaque accumulation and leads to increased levels of gingival inflammation. 2. toothbrushing or mouth rinsing with sodium fluoride alone decreases plaque accumulation and improves gingival health. 3. the combined method (toothbrushing and rinsing with sodium fluoride) is the most effective. confirmation of the above results and conclusions requires additional experiments carried out over a longer period of time.	1980	273591
[urinary tract infections in childhood (author's transl)].	the clinical symptoms of urinary tract infections (uti) are only rarely an indication of the presence of the disease in childhood. of decisive importance for the detection of uti is an appropriate investigation to determine whether there is significant bacteriuria. since in a significant proportion of cases of uti in children there is underlying congenital anomaly or functional change in the urinary tract with stasis, and since surgical means of treatment are available today, diagnosis, i.e. at ...	1980	551080
time--a neglected aspect of psychiatric treatments.	this review attempts to deal with the complex issues involved in the time to heal, with special reference to psychological processes. the questions of convalescence and relapse in organic medicine are explored and extrapolated to psychiatric processes. the concept of a latency period of change in treatment outcome is discussed with reference to both less complicated reactive states as well as highly charged neurotic processes. the problems of recognizing slow but perceptible change and separatin ...	1980	283799
[stereometry: study of volume changes of wax and self-curing acrylic resin models by means of cartesian coordinates].		1980	293819
the respiratory system. 2. chronic bronchitis and emphysema.		1981	243850
structural equation modeling in clinical assessment research with children.	the use of structural equation modeling has gained increased interest in recent years in the social and behavioral sciences. this article reviews the basic tenets of structural modeling in relation to issues in research and practice involving clinical assessment and compares this approach with more traditional psychometric approaches to the validation of assessment instruments with children. arguments for and against the inclusion of nonexperimental variables in causal studies aimed at establish ...	1981	2071721
integrating general medicine and rheumatology training in the outpatient setting: a practice model.	the authors describe a primary care-based educational and practice model that integrates general medicine resident education in outpatient rheumatology with specialty fellowship training. compared with the use of traditional specialty clinics, the model provides better access and service to patients and more appropriate training for residents. revenues from clinical service delivered by faculty-supervised residents and fellows support 80% of the operating costs and educational activities of the ...	1981	1506951
toluene diisocyanate (tdi) pulmonary disease: immunologic and inhalation challenge studies.	clinical and serologic effects of tdi exposure were studied in 112 occupationally exposed plant workers. sera were obtained before and after commencement of tdi production. all subjects were skin-tested with common inhalant allergens and a tdi-hsa conjugate. total eosinophil counts, immunoglobulin quantitations, and specific antibody assays by pca, p-k, and radioimmunoassay were performed. clinically "sensitive" individuals were tested by provocative inhalation challenge with from 0.005 ppm to t ...	1981	181412
enterotoxigenic bacteria in food and water from an ethiopian community.	food and water samples from an ethiopian community were screened for the presence of enterotoxin-producing bacteria. using the chinese hamster ovary cell assay, 40 of 213 isolates (18.8%) produced heat-labile (lt) enterotoxin. these lt-producing isolates comprised 33 of 177 (18.6%) strains from 24 of 68 food samples (35.3%) and 7 of 36 (19.4%) isolates of 4 of 17 water samples (23.5%). one lt-producing strain each of salmonella emek and of shigella dysenteriae was found. three pseudomonads, all ...	1981	7016032
salmonella and shigella surveillance in hungary, 1972-1976. ii. shigella surveillance.	shigellae were isolated from 32 399 persons in the bacteriological laboratories of the public health stations between 1972-1976. the number of isolations ranged between 5325 and 8237 yearly. as s. dysenteriae and s. boydii serotypes occurred only in about 1.5% of all isolations, the epidemiological situation was determined by the incidence of s. flexneri and s. sonnei. except in 1973, s. sonnei constituted the majority in every year. s. sonnei predominance, observed first in the western regions ...	1981	7020354
subunit structure of shigella cytotoxin.	shigella cytotoxin was purified from the culture medium of shigella shigae 60 r and from the bacterial pellet by an extensive purification scheme involving chromatography on cibachron blue f3ga, chitin, and deae-cellulose columns, sucrose gradient centrifugation, and finally polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, purified toxin showed two bands, a heavy one with the molecular weight of 30,500 (a chain), and a broad band m ...	1981	7021550
[serologic affinity and specificity of action of pseudotuberculosis and coli-dysentery phages].	the study of serological properties, specificity and the range of action has revealed affinity between y. pseudotuberculosis phages (pst, 3m, kotlyarova, 2344, 2391), some coliphages (t2, t3, t4) and sh. dysenteriae phage (dd iv). the existence of serovar iii of y. pseudotuberculosis phages has been established; to this serovar phage pst belongs. newly isolated 2344 and 2391 belong to serovar i. the problem of the existence of y. pseudotuberculosis phages as an independent group is discussed.	1981	7023155
[diagnosis of grigor'ev-shiga dysentery].	the data on the relative significance and composition of sh. dysenteriae serovars isolated in some regions of the ussr in 1975-1979 are presented. special tests revealed that endo agar was the best medium, while ploskirev's agar was the worst medium for growing sh. dysenteriae 1 (the museum strain and the newly isolated strain from bangladesh). the testing of agar with eosine-methylene blue yielded moderate results in respect of the growth of the museum strain; as to the growth of the strain fro ...	1981	7025526
association of cockroaches with an outbreak of dysentery.		1981	7029807
[antigens of shigella dysenteriae serovars 3-7. iii. chemical composition, toxic and physicochemical properties of exotoxins].	the exotoxins of shigella dysenteriae, serovars 3-7, were isolated. these exotoxins were found to differ from o-antigens in their chemical composition and resistance to heating, drying and the action of chemical substances. the toxicity of exotoxin was determined by its thermolabile component. exotoxin formation varied in different strains. the preparations obtained from the cultures in the s-form, isolated from patients with severe toxic forms of the infectious process, possessed the highest to ...	1981	7029981
increase in drug resistance among shigella dysenteriae, sh flexneri, and sh boydii.	two thousand three hundred and seventy strains of shigella dysenteriae, sh flexneri, and sh boydii isolated in england and wales from 1974 to 1978 were tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobial drugs. eighty per cent of strains were resistant to one or more drugs, with sulphonamide resistance occurring most frequently. resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol increased during the period, as did the incidence of multiple resistance. most infections due to sh dysen ...	1981	6790085
immune response to parental and rough mutant strains of salmonella minnesota.	specificity of immune response to smooth and rough mutant strains of salmonella minnesota was investigated. immunization of mice with rd and re rough mutants resulted in formation of bactericidal plaque-forming cells directed against the lipopolysaccharide structure of both the mutants and the parental smooth strain. these antibody plaques, however, were not bactericidal for smooth strains of other gram-negative species, i.e., escherichia coli, salmonella typhosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella ...	1981	6793518
behavioural and body temperature effects of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide after intraventricular injection in adult fowls gallus domesticus.	the effects of the meningococcal lipopolysaccharide (lps), given into the ii cerebral ventricle of adult fowls, were studied on behaviour and body temperature. immediately after the administration a marked and dose- dependent behavioural sedation or sleep lasting over 2 hours or more according to the dose was observed. the body temperature effects of lps were biphasic, i.e. and immediate initial phase of hypothermia lasting about 100 min, followed by a longer-lasting fever response. a pretreatme ...	1981	6800001
protein synthesis in hela or henle 407 cells infected with shigella dysenteriae 1, shigella flexneri 2a, or salmonella typhimurium w118.	the incorporation of [14c]leucine into protein was studied in two mammalian cell lines which had been infected with strains of shigella dysenteriae 1, shigella flexneri 2a, or salmonella typhimurium w118. these cell lines differed in susceptibility to the effects of exogenously applied shiga cytotoxin. all invasive shigella strains (which synthesize this toxin to a greater or lesser degree) were found to inhibit protein synthesis in both cell lines with equal efficiency. leucine accumulation con ...	1981	7012026
[antimicrobial activity of chlorine-substituted 4-alkyl- and arylphenols].	the results of the study on the antimicrobial activity of 12 chlorine-substituted 4-alkyl- and arylphenols against staphylococcus, streptococcus, e. coli, salmonella typhosa, salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae, proteus, klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, candida, trichophyton gypseum and microsporum lanosum are presented. it was found that introduction of the alkyl substitute to position 4 of orthochlorphenol increased the activity of the substances against the majority of test microbes. the ...	1981	7271258
measurement of hypozincaemia in mice: a sensitive test for detection of pyrogens.	1. the effect of bacterial pyrogens on plasma zinc concentration in mice was studied as a method of bioassay for these substances. 2. a dose-related depression of plasma zinc concentrations was observed 4 h after intravenous injection of doses of 0.05-500 ng of purified endotoxins of salmonella abortus equi, shigella dysenteriae and escherichia coli. responses were dose-dependent and reproducible for each endotoxin in five strains of mice. 3. tolerance to endotoxin could be induced in mice by in ...	1981	7285495
in vitro antibacterial activity of fluorinated analogs of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol.	we evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of sch 24893, sch 25298, and sch 25393, three novel analogs of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. all of the analogs had minimal inhibitory concentrations of less than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml for 18 chloramphenicol-thiamphenicol-resistant strains of shigella dysenteriae and 21 strains of resistant salmonella typhi. the analogs were also more active than were chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol against chloramphenicol-resistant enteric bacteria, ...	1981	6957162
[etiological factors in bacillary dysentery in poland 1965-1979].		1981	7041196
[shigellosis in pediatric wards].		1981	7042492
multiple copies of iso-insertion sequences of is1 in shigella dysenteriae chromosome.		1981	6265806
dissimilar effects on body temperature in the cat produced by guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate, acetylcholine and bacterial endotoxin.	1 guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic gmp) and n2-2'-o-dibutyryl guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (db cyclic gmp) have been injected into the third cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) of the unanaesthetized cat and the effects of rectal temperature and on behavioural and autonomic activities observed and compared with those of acetylcholine and physostigmine. 2 acetylcholine (100 nmol) and physostigmine (100 nmol) injected together i.c.v. produced a rise in body temperature in cats at an environmental te ...	1981	6274463
susceptibility of shigellae to mecillinam, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim, and five other antimicrobial agents.	a total of 199 strains of shigella (1 shigella dysenteriae, 15 s. boydii, 47 s. flexneri, and 136 s. sonnei) isolated in malmö, sweden, within a 3-year period (1977 through january 1980) were tested with the agar plate dilution method for susceptibility to commonly used and newer antimicrobial agents. mecillinam, nalidixic acid, and trimethoprim had the best in vitro activity. s. flexneri dominated among strains resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents and were less susceptible to ampicil ...	1981	6289727
plasmid characterisation in the investigation of an epidemic caused by multiply resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in central africa.	a strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1 resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides, and tetracyclines has caused an epidemic of shiga dysentery in northeast zaire. since november 1979, it has caused many deaths in an extensive area which now includes neighbouring rwanda. the strain carries a resistance plasmid of compatibility group x, indistinguishable from the plasmid previously found in strains from somalia. this contrasts with multiply resistant strains of sh. dyst ...	1981	6118525
the cytotoxic activity of shigella toxin. evidence for catalytic inactivation of the 60 s ribosomal subunit.	the cytotoxic test system for shigella shigae toxin was improved and used to study the stability of the toxin to various ph values, temperature, and chemicals. inhibition of protein synthesis is the first demonstrable effect in cells treated with shigella toxin. this inhibition appears to be at the level of peptide chain elongation. an inhibition effect on cell-free protein synthesis is exhibited by toxin pretreated first with trypsin and then with dithiothreitol and 8 m urea or 1% sodium dodecy ...	1981	6894922
acquisition of trimethoprim resistance in epidemic strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1 from zaire.		1982	6122794