Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [susceptibility surveillance of clinical isolates to fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents from 2003 to 2008: post-marketing study of prulifloxacin]. | yearly changes in the susceptibility of clinical isolates to ulifloxacin (ufx) and other fluoroquinolones were examined through surveys over 3 periods. in the first survey, 534 strains derived from 19 species were collected from clinical specimens during 6 months from december 2003 to may 2004. in the same way, 805 strains were collected from december 2005 to may 2006 in the second survey, and 863 strains were from december 2007 to may 2008 in the third survey. over these 3 study periods, the su ... | 2010 | 20976880 |
| incidence and antimicrobial resistance of enteropathogens isolated from an integrated aquaculture system. | to evaluate an integrated aquaculture system, microbiological analyses of water used in this system were carried out and the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of enteropathogens were determined in the related ecosystem. | 2010 | 21029138 |
| decrease in shigellosis-related deaths without shigella spp.-specific interventions, asia. | in 1999, a review of the literature for 1966-1997 suggested that ≈1.1 million persons die annually of shigellosis, including ≈880,000 in asia. our recent review of the literature for 1990-2009 indicates that ≈125 million shigellosis cases occur annually in asia, of which ≈14,000 are fatal. this estimate for illnesses is similar to the earlier estimate, but the number of deaths is 98% lower; that is, the lower estimate of deaths is associated with markedly reduced case-fatality rates rather than ... | 2010 | 21029529 |
| shigella spp. antimicrobial drug resistance, papua new guinea, 2000-2009. | 2010 | 21029550 | |
| effects of backbone substitutions on the conformational behavior of shigella flexneri o-antigens: implications for vaccine strategy. | the o-antigen (o-ag), the polysaccharide part of the lipopolysaccharide, is the major target of the serotype-specific protective humoral response elicited upon host infection by shigella flexneri, the main causal agent of the endemic form of bacillary dysentery. the o-ag repeat units (rus) of 12 s. flexneri serotypes share the tetrasaccharide backbone →2)-α-l-rhap-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhap-(1 → 3)-α-l-rhap-(1 → 3)-β-d-glcpnac-(1→, with site-selective glucosylation(s) and/or o-acetylation defining the ser ... | 2010 | 21030536 |
| genetic characterization of atypical shigella flexneri isolated in korea. | three types of serotypically atypical shigella flexneri strains were isolated from 2007 to 2008 in patients at the korea national institute of health (nih). these strains were characterized and compared with serologically typical s.flexneri. one type of strain either displayed nonreacting typing or grouping sera, reacting strongly only with polyb antisera, which indicates this strain is s. flexneri (polyb:un). the second type displayed reactions with one of the typing sera (iv) and did not bind ... | 2010 | 21030833 |
| plasmid-encoded multidrug resistance: a case study of salmonella and shigella from enteric diarrhea sources among humans. | salmonellosis and shigellosis are significant and persistent causes of diarrheal diseases among humans in developing countries. with that in mind, the current study investigates the occurrence of plasmid-encoded multidrug resistances in salmonella and shigella from diarrheal cases among humans. the isolates were characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial-susceptibility testing, transfer experiments and curing. the extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) was detected by the double disc diffusion syn ... | 2010 | 21031258 |
| identification of active site residues in the shigella flexneri glucosyltransferase gtrv. | the serotype-specific glucosyltransferase, gtrv, is responsible for glucosylation of the o-antigen repeating unit of shigella flexneri serotype 5a strains. gtrv is an integral inner membrane protein with two essential periplasmic loops: the large loop 2 and the c-terminal loop 10. in this study, the full length of the loop 2 was shown to be necessary for gtrv function. site-directed mutagenesis within this loop revealed that conserved aromatic and charged amino acids have a critical role in the ... | 2010 | 20334579 |
| [preparation of a 96-microwell plate dna diagnostic chip for detection of foodborne bacteria and its application in an incident of food poisoning]. | to develop a 96-microwell plate dna diagnostic chip for simultaneous detection of 9 major foodborne bacteria. | 2010 | 20335099 |
| bacterial enteritis as a risk factor for childhood intussusception: a retrospective cohort study. | to assess the relationship between bacterial enteritis and intussusception. | 2010 | 20138300 |
| a repulsive electrostatic mechanism for protein export through the type iii secretion apparatus. | many gram-negative bacteria initiate infections by injecting effector proteins into host cells through the type iii secretion apparatus, which is comprised of a basal body, a needle, and a tip. the needle channel is formed by the assembly of a single needle protein. to explore the export mechanisms of mxih needle protein through the needle of shigella flexneri, an essential step during needle assembly, we have performed steered molecular dynamics simulations in implicit solvent. the trajectories ... | 2010 | 20141759 |
| isolation and selection of coliphages as potential biocontrol agents of enterohemorrhagic and shiga toxin-producing e. coli (ehec and stec) in cattle. | to isolate, characterize and select phages as potential biocontrol agents of enterohemorrhagic and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (ehec and stec) in cattle. | 2010 | 20353429 |
| molecular architecture of the mn2+-dependent lactonase ulag reveals an rnase-like metallo-beta-lactamase fold and a novel quaternary structure. | the ulag gene, located in the ula regulon, is crucial for the catabolism of l-ascorbate under anaerobic conditions and it has been proposed to encode for the putative l-ascorbate-6-p lactonase. the ulag gene is widespread among eubacteria, including human commensal and pathogenic genera such as escherichia, shigella, klebsiella and salmonella. here, we report the three-dimensional structures of the apoenzyme and mn(2+) holoenzyme of ulag from e. coli to 2.6 a resolution, determined using single- ... | 2010 | 20359483 |
| modeling fimbriae mediated parasite-host interactions. | type 1 fimbriae are a known virulence factor in a number of pathogenic enterobacteriaceae, including salmonella, shigella and e. coli. yet, they are also expressed by some commensal strains, notably of e. coli. one hypothesis of the role of fimbriae in commensals is that they evoke a small but tolerable host immune response in order to have the host release sialic acid, which is a valuable nutrient. genetic evidence suggests that sialic acid down-regulates fimbriation. this has been believed to ... | 2010 | 20359486 |
| a soluble form of the pilus protein fima targets the vdac-hexokinase complex at mitochondria to suppress host cell apoptosis. | inhibition of apoptotic response of host cells during an early phase of infection is a strategy used by many enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens to enhance their survival. here, we report the identification of a soluble form of the pilus protein fima from the culture supernatants of e. coli k1, salmonella, and shigella that can potently inhibit bax-mediated release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria. similar to the infected cells, hct116 cells stably expressing fima display a delay in the ... | 2010 | 20347420 |
| 34 kda momp of shigella flexneri promotes tlr2 mediated macrophage activation with the engagement of nf-kappab and p38 map kinase signaling. | the 34 kda major outer membrane protein (momp) of shigella flexneri 2a induces combinatorial expression of tlr2 and tlr6 on peritoneal macrophages of balb/c mice. between the two best-characterized tlrs, to date, tlr2 and tlr4, which are chiefly responsible for recognizing majority of bacterial products, tlr2 alone participates in recognition of 34 kda momp. in addition to tlrs, momp enhances the mrna expression of myd88 and traf6 and induces the nuclear translocation of nf-kappab as well as act ... | 2010 | 20347487 |
| long-term downregulation of protease-activated receptor-2 expression in distal colon in rats following bacillary dysentery. | the aim of this study was to determine changes of par-2 expression in distal colon and the sensitivity of colonic muscle to sligrl-nh2, the par-2-activating peptide (par-2-ap) following bacillary dysentery. shigella flexneri was administrated intragastrically in healthy male rats to induce bacillary dysentery. the effect of sligrl-nh2 on the motility of colonic muscle strips were examined. the expression of par-2 was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. intragastric administr ... | 2010 | 20347884 |
| antibiotics for the treatment of dysentery in children. | ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and pivmecillinam are the antibiotics currently recommended by the world health organization (who) for the treatment of dysentery in children; yet there have been no reviews of the clinical effectiveness of these antibiotics in recent years. | 2010 | 20348130 |
| global transcriptional response of macrophage-like thp-1 cells to shiga toxin type 1. | shiga toxins (stxs) are bacterial cytotoxins produced by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and some serotypes of escherichia coli that cause bacillary dysentery and hemorrhagic colitis, respectively. to date, approaches to studying the capacity of stxs to alter gene expression in intoxicated cells have been limited to individual genes. however, it is known that many of the signaling pathways activated by stxs regulate the expression of multiple genes in mammalian cells. to ex ... | 2010 | 20351145 |
| characterisation of multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:- dt193 strains carrying a novel genomic island adjacent to the thrw trna locus. | in 2006, monophasic, multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- strains appeared as a novel serotype in germany, associated with large diffuse outbreaks and increased need for hospitalisation. the emerging 4,[5],12:i:- strains isolated from patients in germany belong mainly to phage type dt193 according to the anderson phage typing scheme for s. typhimurium (stm) and exhibit at least a tetra-drug resistance. the strains have been shown to harbour stm-specific gifs ... | 2010 | 20303825 |
| neutrophil antimicrobial proteins enhance shigella flexneri adhesion and invasion. | shigella flexneri is an enteric pathogen that causes massive inflammation and destruction of the human intestinal epithelium. neutrophils are the first cells of the innate immune system recruited to the site of infection. these cells can attack microbes by phagocytosis, neutrophil extracellular trap (net) formation and degranulation. here, we investigated how neutrophil degranulation affects virulence and show that exposure of shigella to granular proteins enhances infection of epithelial cells. ... | 2010 | 20331641 |
| a novel antisense rna regulates at transcriptional level the virulence gene icsa of shigella flexneri. | the virulence gene icsa of shigella flexneri encodes an invasion protein crucial for host colonization by pathogenic bacteria. within the intergenic region vira-icsa, we have discovered a new gene that encodes a non-translated antisense rna (named rnag), transcribed in cis on the complementary strand of icsa. in vitro transcription assays show that rnag promotes premature termination of transcription of icsa mrna. transcriptional inhibition is also observed in vivo by monitoring the expression p ... | 2010 | 20129941 |
| cesarean delivery and risk of intestinal bacterial infection. | an individual's intestinal bacterial flora is established soon after birth. delivery by cesarean section (c-section) deprives the newborn of colonization with maternal vaginal bacteria. we determined whether delivery by c-section is associated with an altered risk of infection with intestinal bacterial pathogens. | 2010 | 20132034 |
| bacteriocin production by shigella sonnei isolated from faeces of children with acute diarrhoea. | shigella is a common agent of diarrhoea, a worldwide major health problem. the bacterium produces bacteriocins; however, the role of these substances as a virulence factor is completely unknown. with the aim to search for colicin production by shigella sonnei, to evaluate the influence of culture conditions on bacteriocin expression, and to characterize the substance partially, 16 s. sonnei strains isolated from children with diarrhoea were tested for antagonism against members of the intestinal ... | 2010 | 20132176 |
| a quantitative pcr assay for rapid detection of shigella species in fresh produce. | a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay with two primers and a taqman probe targeting conserved regions of the specific ipah gene of shigella species and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) were developed. this qpcr assay was used to identify 206 shigella strains (including four shigella species with all serotypes and two provisional shigella species), 3 eiec strains, and 113 non-shigella strains with 100% accuracy. pure cultures of six shigella reference strains were used to derive standard curves t ... | 2010 | 20132666 |
| innate immune detection of the type iii secretion apparatus through the nlrc4 inflammasome. | the mammalian innate immune system uses toll-like receptors (tlrs) and nod-lrrs (nlrs) to detect microbial components during infection. often these molecules work in concert; for example, the tlrs can stimulate the production of the proforms of the cytokines il-1beta and il-18, whereas certain nlrs trigger their subsequent proteolytic processing via caspase 1. gram-negative bacteria use type iii secretion systems (t3ss) to deliver virulence factors to the cytosol of host cells, where they modula ... | 2010 | 20133635 |
| nleh effectors interact with bax inhibitor-1 to block apoptosis during enteropathogenic escherichia coli infection. | the human pathogens enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and the related mouse pathogen citrobacter rodentium subvert a variety of host cell signaling pathways via their plethora of type iii secreted effectors, including triggering of an early apoptotic response. epec-infected cells do not develop late apoptotic symptoms, however. in this study we demonstrate that the nleh family effectors, homologs of the shigella effector kinase ospg, blocks apoptosis. during epec inf ... | 2010 | 20133763 |
| crystal structure of the dna-recognition component of the bacterial virus sf6 genome-packaging machine. | in herpesviruses and many bacterial viruses, genome-packaging is a precisely mediated process fulfilled by a virally encoded molecular machine called terminase that consists of two protein components: a dna-recognition component that defines the specificity for packaged dna, and a catalytic component that provides energy for the packaging reaction by hydrolyzing atp. the terminase docks onto the portal protein complex embedded in a single vertex of a preformed viral protein shell called procapsi ... | 2010 | 20133842 |
| a piglet model of acute gastroenteritis induced by shigella dysenteriae type 1. | the lack of a standardized laboratory animal model that mimics key aspects of human shigellosis remains a major obstacle to addressing questions about pathogenesis, screening therapeutics, and evaluation of vaccines. | 2010 | 20136414 |
| a versatile internal control for use as dna in real-time pcr and as rna in real-time reverse transcription pcr assays. | to develop and evaluate a taqman-based internal amplification control (iac) that can be used as dna in real-time pcr (qpcr) or as rna in reverse transcription real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) to identify the presence of assay inhibition and to evaluate its incorporation into existing qpcr and qrt-pcr methods for bacterial detection. | 2010 | 20149084 |
| characterisation of pathogenic bacteria in a uasb-polishing pond system using molecular techniques. | molecular techniques have been commonly used to detect and quantify pathogenic bacteria in food, clinical and environmental samples, but in wastewater treatment plants few studies have been carried out. this work applied pcr with a specific set of primers to investigate pathogenic bacteria in a wastewater plant comprised of a uasb reactor followed by polishing ponds. in addition, in-situ hybridisation technique (fish) was used to estimate the abundance of escherichia coli in the system. accordin ... | 2010 | 20150719 |
| food-borne diseases - the challenges of 20 years ago still persist while new ones continue to emerge. | the burden of diseases caused by food-borne pathogens remains largely unknown. importantly data indicating trends in food-borne infectious intestinal disease is limited to a few industrialised countries, and even fewer pathogens. it has been predicted that the importance of diarrhoeal disease, mainly due to contaminated food and water, as a cause of death will decline worldwide. evidence for such a downward trend is limited. this prediction presumes that improvements in the production and retail ... | 2010 | 20153070 |
| development of a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and enteropathogenic escherichia coli strains. | a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the simultaneous detection of genes encoding intimin (eae) and all variants of shiga toxins 1 and 2 (stx1 and stx2) in diagnostic samples. the uida gene encoding a beta-glucuronidase specific for escherichia coli and shigella spp. was included in the multiplex pcr assay as an internal amplification control. the multiplex pcr was tested on 30 e. coli reference strains and 174 diagnostic samples already characterized as harbor ... | 2010 | 20156086 |
| a challenge model for shigella dysenteriae 1 in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis). | shigella dysenteriae type 1 can cause devastating pandemics with high case fatality rates; a vaccine for shigella is unavailable currently. because of the risks associated with performing challenge studies with wild-type s. dysenteriae 1 in human clinical trials to advance vaccine development, an improved nonhuman primate model is needed urgently. in the present study, cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) were challenged with various doses of s. dysenteriae 1 strain 1617 to establish a dose ... | 2010 | 20158950 |
| the proteome of shigella flexneri 2a 2457t grown at 30 and 37 degrees c. | to upgrade the proteome reference map of shigella flexneri 2a 2457t, the protein expression profiles of log phase and stationary phase cells grown at 30 and 37 degrees c were thoroughly analyzed using multiple overlapping narrow ph range (between ph 4.0 and 11.0) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. a total of 723 spots representing 574 protein entries were identified by maldi-tof/tof ms, including the majority of known key virulence factors. 64 hypothetical proteins and six misannotated protein ... | 2010 | 20164057 |
| influences of hydraulic loading rate on svoc removal and microbial community structure in drinking water treatment biofilters. | six biofilters were used for advanced treatment of yangtze river source water to investigate the effects of hydraulic loading rate (hlr) on pollutant removal and microbial community. hlr was found to exert significant influences on the removal efficiency of the conventional pollutants and 24 detectable semivolatile organic compounds (svocs). more than 85% of chemical oxygen demand and assimilable organic carbon was removed at the optimal hlr of 3.0 m h(-1). with the increase of hlr, svoc removal ... | 2010 | 20189298 |
| disruption of the rickettsia rickettsii sca2 autotransporter inhibits actin-based motility. | rickettsii rickettsii, the etiologic agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, replicates within the cytosol of infected cells and uses actin-based motility to spread inter- and intracellularly. although the ultrastructure of the actin tail and host proteins associated with it are distinct from those of listeria or shigella, comparatively little is known regarding the rickettsial proteins involved in its organization. here, we have used random transposon mutagenesis of r. rickettsii to generate a s ... | 2010 | 20194597 |
| specific igg activity against diarrheagenic bacteria in bovine immune milk and effect of ph on its antigen-binding activity upon heating. | bovine colostrum and milk antibodies of calving and lactating cows immunized with a multivalent vaccine consisting of whole cells of three different species of pathogenic bacteria including four strains of enterotoxigenic escherischia coli, five strains of enteropathogenic esch. coli, three strains of enteroinvasive esch. coli, two strains of samonella typhi, and one strain each of shigellia dysenteriae, sh. sonnei and sh. flexneri were generated, respectively. a significantly elevated activity ... | 2010 | 20196896 |
| mst (molecular serotyping tool): a program for computer-assisted molecular identification of escherichia coli and shigella o antigens. | escherichia coli and shigella o antigens can be inferred using the rfb-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) molecular test. we present herein a dynamic programming algorithm-based software to compare the rfb-rflp patterns of clinical isolates with those in a database containing the 171 previously published patterns corresponding to all known e. coli/shigella o antigens. | 2010 | 20200287 |
| structure, biological functions and applications of the ab5 toxins. | ab(5) toxins are important virulence factors for several major bacterial pathogens, including bordetella pertussis, vibrio cholerae, shigella dysenteriae and at least two distinct pathotypes of escherichia coli. the ab(5) toxins are so named because they comprise a catalytic a-subunit, which is responsible for disruption of essential host functions, and a pentameric b-subunit that binds to specific glycan receptors on the target cell surface. the molecular mechanisms by which the ab(5) toxins ca ... | 2010 | 20202851 |
| prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance determinants in shigella flexneri isolates from anhui province, china. | quinolones are used extensively to treat shigella flexneri infection, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants were recently reported. a total of 26 s. flexneri isolates collected from anhui province, china, in 2005 were screened for pmqr determinants, bla gene, gyra and parc genes, by pcr and sequencing. pmqr determinants were present in 53.8% (14 of 26) of isolates and qnra(1), qnrs(1), qnrs(2), aac(6')-ib-cr and qepa were present in 30.8, 11.5, 3.8, 19.2 and 11.5% of thos ... | 2010 | 20203702 |
| [rectal prolapse in a neonate with shigella diarrhea]. | a case of neonatal rectal prolapse during shigella diarrhea is described. a 10 days neonate exclusively breast fed, whose 2 years old brother has had the same process 2 weeks ago. medical treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone resolved rectal prolapse in 48 hours. stool cultures showed the presence of shigella flexneri ii resistant to amoxicillin; blood and cerebrospinal fluid, cultures were negative. conclusion: rectal prolapse is an uncommon complication seen in infants with shigella diarrhea. ... | 2010 | 20204227 |
| synthesis, in-vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic studies of novel azetidinone derivatives. | developing novel antimicrobial drugs is increasingly important in the modern pharmaceutical industry. a series of novel 3-chloro-4-[4-(2-oxo-2h-chromen-4-ylmethoxy)phenyl]-1-phenylazetidin-2-ones 5a-o have been synthesized from 4-bromomethylcoumarins 1a-e and 4-aryliminomethyl-phenols 3a-c. these compounds were screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against two gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin resistant enteroccoccus) and two gram-negative (escherichia coli and shi ... | 2010 | 20205197 |
| induction of apoptosis by shiga toxins. | shiga toxins comprise a family of structurally and functionally related protein toxins expressed by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and multiple serotypes of escherichia coli. while the capacity of shiga toxins to inhibit protein synthesis by catalytic inactivation of eukaryotic ribosomes has been well described, it is also apparent that shiga toxins trigger apoptosis in many cell types. this review presents evidence that shiga toxins induce apoptosis of epithelial, endothelial, leukocytic, lymp ... | 2010 | 20210553 |
| identification and characterization of ctx-m-producing shigella isolates in the united states. | 2010 | 20211893 | |
| prolonged remission of chronic reactive arthritis treated with three infusions of infliximab. | reactive arthritis is generally self-remitting but can be chronic. predictors of chronicity include hla b27 positivity and triggering infections with yersinia, salmonella, shigella, or chlamydia. nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and local steroids are the mainstays, with some evidence for disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. limited evidence suggests effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor antagonists. we report the case of reactive arthritis following a chlamydia urinary tract infection pro ... | 2010 | 20216128 |
| autotransporter passenger proteins: virulence factors with common structural themes. | autotransporter proteins are virulence factors associated with a wide variety of diseases caused by pathogenic gram-negative bacteria, and they play a variety of roles in pathogenesis including disabling host defences and mediating colonization. pertactin, a key component of the whooping cough vaccine, is an autotransporter protein. a large sub-family of the autotransporters carries a trypsin-like protease domain, but these enzymes have different substrates and functions. the unique export proce ... | 2010 | 20217035 |
| [role of galactose-specific receptor--lectin in bactericidal activity of hemolysin of vibrio cholerae non o1/o139]. | to study the role lectin galactose-specific receptor of vibrio cholerae hemolysin in receptor mechanisms of bacterial cells lysis. | 2010 | 20218337 |
| shigella mediated depletion of macrophages in a murine breast cancer model is associated with tumor regression. | a tumor promoting role of macrophages has been described for a transgenic murine breast cancer model. in this model tumor-associated macrophages (tams) represent a major component of the leukocytic infiltrate and are associated with tumor progression. shigella flexneri is a bacterial pathogen known to specificly induce apotosis in macrophages. to evaluate whether shigella-induced removal of macrophages may be sufficient for achieving tumor regression we have developed an attenuated strain of s. ... | 2010 | 20221397 |
| disease burden of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in the netherlands. | post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) has been established as a sequel of infectious intestinal disease (iid). the aim of this study was to estimate the burden of pi-ibs caused by the pathogens campylobacter, salmonella and shigella, and to compare this with other outcomes associated with these pathogens. the attributable risk of pi-ibs due to bacterial pathogens was calculated and linked to national data on gastroenteritis incidence and measures for severity and duration of illness ... | 2010 | 20223049 |
| a new paradigm of bacteria-gut interplay brought through the study of shigella. | bacteria-gut epithelial interplay and the mucosal immune response are the most critical issues in determining the fate of bacterial infection and the severity of diseases. shigella species (abbreviated here as shigella), the causative agent of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis), are highly adapted human pathogens that are capable of invading and colonizing the intestinal epithelium, which results in severe inflammatory colitis. shigella secrete a large and diverse number (more then 50) of effecto ... | 2010 | 20228623 |
| [shigella bacteremia dysentery in an adult]. | 2010 | 20232025 | |
| high-throughput screening of the virulence regulator virf: a novel antibacterial target for shigellosis. | shigella flexneri is a human enteropathogen that infects about 165 million people and claims more than 1 million lives per year worldwide. although shigellosis has been considered a disease of the "third world," like many other contagious diseases, it does occur in developed countries. the emergence of drug and multidrug-resistant strains of shigella emphasizes the need for novel antibiotic development. virf, an arac-type transcriptional regulator, is responsible for the expression of all downst ... | 2010 | 20237205 |
| shigella-associated diarrhea in children in south jakarta, indonesia. | a surveillance of shigella infections was conducted on 612 children aged 0-12 years-old presenting with diarrhea to mampang and tebet community health centers in south jakarta, indonesia, during february 2005 through september 2007. shigella was isolated from 9.3% of diarrhea patients in the health centers. s.flexneri which was found in 5.9% of patients, and was the most frequent species isolated, comprising 63.2% (36/57) of all shigella species isolated. shigella species were found significantl ... | 2010 | 20578526 |
| newer insights into the mechanism of action of psidium guajava l. leaves in infectious diarrhoea. | psidium guajava l., myrtaceae, is used widely in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, gastroenteritis, stomachaches, and indigestion. however, the effect of the leaf extract of p. guajava on the pathogenesis of infectious diarrhoea has not been studied. the present study evaluates the effect of a hot aqueous extract (decoction) of dried leaves of p. guajava on parameters associated with pathogenicity of infectious diarrhoea. the aim was to understand its possible mecha ... | 2010 | 20584265 |
| a pathoadaptive deletion in an enteroaggregative escherichia coli outbreak strain enhances virulence in a caenorhabditis elegans model. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) strains are important diarrheal pathogens. eaec strains are defined by their characteristic stacked-brick pattern of adherence to epithelial cells but show heterogeneous virulence and have different combinations of adhesin and toxin genes. pathoadaptive deletions in the lysine decarboxylase (cad) genes have been noted among hypervirulent e. coli subtypes of shigella and enterohemorrhagic e. coli. to test the hypothesis that cad deletions might account fo ... | 2010 | 20584976 |
| bacterial pathogens associated with bloody diarrhea in uruguayan children. | diarrheal disease continues to be a serious health problem, especially in developing countries. bloody diarrhea represents approximately 20-30% of all cases and has higher morbidity and mortality. treatment with antibiotics is beneficial in cases of shigella, campylobacter, yersinia and salmonella infection, principally in those children with a higher risk of invasive disease. the aims of this study were to detect the bacterial agents associated with bloody diarrhea in children and to determine ... | 2010 | 20589332 |
| progressivemauve: multiple genome alignment with gene gain, loss and rearrangement. | multiple genome alignment remains a challenging problem. effects of recombination including rearrangement, segmental duplication, gain, and loss can create a mosaic pattern of homology even among closely related organisms. | 2010 | 20593022 |
| cladophora in the great lakes: impacts on beach water quality and human health. | cladophora in the great lakes grows rapidly during the warm summer months, detaches, and becomes free-floating mats as a result of environmental conditions, eventually becoming stranded on recreational beaches. cladophora provides protection and nutrients, which allow enteric bacteria such as escherichia coli, enterococci, shigella, campylobacter, and salmonella to persist and potentially regrow in the presence of the algae. as a result of wind and wave action, these microorganisms can detach an ... | 2010 | 20595755 |
| probiotic administration effect on fecal mutagenicity and microflora in the goat's gut. | the application of potentially beneficial microorganisms to increase host defense is a new trend to increase health benefits. in this paper the first specific host probiotics for goats from a mixture isolated from healthy animals (lactobacillus reuteri ddl 19, lactobacillus alimentarius ddl 48, enterococcus faecium dde 39 and bifidobacterium bifidum ddba) was assayed. the effect of probiotic oral administration on goats' weight, gut microbiota, as well as on the production of mutagen compounds a ... | 2010 | 20598940 |
| escape of intracellular shigella from autophagy requires binding to cholesterol through the type iii effector, icsb. | type iii secretion systems are present in many pathogenic bacteria and mediate the translocation of bacterial effectors into host cells. identification of host targets of these effectors is crucial for understanding bacterial virulence. icsb, a type iii secretion effector, helps shigella to evade the host autophagy defense system by binding to the autophagy protein, atg5. here, we show that icsb is able to interact specifically with cholesterol. the cholesterol binding domain (cbd) of icsb is lo ... | 2010 | 20599519 |
| enterocyte-like caco-2 cells as a model for in vitro studies of diarrhoeagenic providencia alcalifaciens invasion. | the entry of providencia alcalifaciens into the enterocyte-like cell line caco-2 compared to hep-2 was studied. of the 22 p. alcalifaciens strains, 13 and 21 were invasive for caco-2 and hep-2 cells, respectively. in contrast to hep-2 cells, p. alcalifaciens was internalised by caco-2 cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. tyrosine kinases play an important role in p. alcalifaciens uptake, also microfilaments and microtubules are engaged in this process. inhibition of endosome acidification by ... | 2010 | 20600792 |
| inhibition of shigella sonnei adherence to ht-29 cells by lactobacilli from chinese fermented food and preliminary characterization of s-layer protein involvement. | in this study, seven lactobacilli with a high degree of antagonistic activity against three pathogens and good adherence to ht-29 cells were selected. the ability of these seven lactobacilli to inhibit adhesion of shigella sonnei to intestinal mucosa was studied on cultured ht-29 cells. lactobacilli were added simultaneously with, before or after s. sonnei to test for their effectiveness in exclusion, competition and displacement assays, respectively. lactobacillus paracasei subp. paracasei m5-l ... | 2010 | 20600857 |
| microbial contamination of raw meat and its environment in retail shops in karachi, pakistan. | this study was conducted to examine the frequency of contamination in retail meat available in karachi, pakistan. | 2010 | 20601790 |
| isoprenoid metabolism as a therapeutic target in gram-negative pathogens. | gram-negative enterobacteria include a variety of human pathogens, perhaps most notably e. coli, salmonella, shigella, yersinia, and proteus. while there are treatment options for the diseases caused by these organisms, multi-drug resistance is often a problem and development of novel antibiotics has lagged over recent years. in humans, the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway has become a subject of intense research for therapeutic modulation of human enzymes in diseases including hypercholesterolem ... | 2010 | 20615187 |
| methods for monitoring trends in the incidence of foodborne diseases: foodborne diseases active surveillance network 1996-2008. | foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the united states. the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) is the principal foodborne disease component of the centers for disease control and prevention's emerging infections program. foodnet is a collaborative project among centers for disease control and prevention, emerging infections program sites, the u.s. department of agriculture, and the u.s. food and drug administration. one of foodnet's main objectives is to m ... | 2010 | 20617933 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a shigella flexneri 2a invaplex 50 intranasal vaccine in adult volunteers. | shigellosis is a leading cause of diarrhea worldwide prompting vaccine development. the shigella flexneri invaplex 50 is a macromolecular complex containing ipab, ipac, and lps, formulated from an aqueous extract of virulent shigella delivered via nasal administration. preclinical vaccine testing demonstrated safety, immunogenicity and efficacy. an open-label dose-escalating phase 1 study evaluated a 3-dose (2-week intervals) regimen via nasal pipette delivery. thirty-two subjects were enrolled ... | 2010 | 20619378 |
| production of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles in water extracts of the fungus amylomyces rouxii strain ksu-09. | a fungal strain, ksu-09, isolated from the roots of date palm (phoenix dactylifera), was identified as amylomyces rouxii based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of its rrna genes. mycelia-free water extracts obtained from mycelium suspended in water for 72h facilitated the production of stable, predominantly monodispersed and spherical silver nanoparticles (agnps) in the size range of 5-27nm upon addition of 1mm silver nitrate, as determined by the xrd, afm and ... | 2010 | 20619641 |
| synthesis, structure and in vitro antibacterial activities of new hybrid disinfectants quaternary ammonium compounds: pyridinium and quinolinium stilbene benzenesulfonates. | the series of pyridinium (1-10) and quinolinium (11-20) stilbene benzenesulfonates have been synthesized and their structures were investigated by uv-vis, ft-ir and (1)h nmr spectroscopy. in addition, compound 5 was also determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction technique. the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria has been determined. the quinolinium derivatives exhibited two very potent characteristic activities, namely, ( ... | 2010 | 20619939 |
| comparison of 61 sequenced escherichia coli genomes. | escherichia coli is an important component of the biosphere and is an ideal model for studies of processes involved in bacterial genome evolution. sixty-one publically available e. coli and shigella spp. sequenced genomes are compared, using basic methods to produce phylogenetic and proteomics trees, and to identify the pan- and core genomes of this set of sequenced strains. a hierarchical clustering of variable genes allowed clear separation of the strains into clusters, including known pathoty ... | 2010 | 20623278 |
| reduced azithromycin susceptibility in shigella sonnei, united states. | to investigate azithromycin susceptibility in shigella sonnei in the united states, we examined the azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of outbreak and routine human s. sonnei isolates. isolate susceptibility clustered at 8 mg/l, but three isolates displayed higher mics (>64 mg/l) to azithromycin. all three isolates contained a plasmid-encoded mpha gene, known to encode a macrolide-2'-phosphotransferase enzyme. transformation of the mpha gene into escherichia coli dh10b allowe ... | 2010 | 20624094 |
| evidence for alternative quaternary structure in a bacterial type iii secretion system chaperone. | type iii secretion systems are a common virulence mechanism in many gram-negative bacterial pathogens. these systems use a nanomachine resembling a molecular needle and syringe to provide an energized conduit for the translocation of effector proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm to the host cell cytoplasm for the benefit of the pathogen. prior to translocation specialized chaperones maintain proper effector protein conformation. the class ii chaperone, invasion plasmid gene (ipg) c, stabilizes ... | 2010 | 20633281 |
| prolonged episodes of acute diarrhea reduce growth and increase risk of persistent diarrhea in children. | prolonged episodes of acute diarrhea (prod; duration 7-13 days) or persistent diarrhea (pd; duration ≥14 days) are important causes of undernutrition, yet the epidemiology and nutritional impact of prod are poorly understood. | 2010 | 20638937 |
| the omptins of yersinia pestis and salmonella enterica cleave the reactive center loop of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. | plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (pai-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) and a key molecule that regulates fibrinolysis by inactivating human plasminogen activators. here we show that two important human pathogens, the plague bacterium yersinia pestis and the enteropathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, inactivate pai-1 by cleaving the r346-m347 bait peptide bond in the reactive center loop. no cleavage of pai-1 was detected with yersinia pseudotuberculosis, an oral/fecal pat ... | 2010 | 20639337 |
| shiga toxin b subunits induce vwf secretion by human endothelial cells and thrombotic microangiopathy in adamts13-deficient mice. | diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (d+hus) is the most common cause of acute renal failure among children. renal damage in d+hus is caused by shiga toxin (stx), which is elaborated by shigella dysenteriae and certain strains of escherichia coli, in north america principally e coli o157:h7. recent studies demonstrate that stx also induces von willebrand factor (vwf) secretion by human endothelial cells and causes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a disease with similarities to d+hus ... | 2010 | 20644116 |
| photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy by liposome-encapsulated water-soluble photosensitizers. | photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy is an alternative method for killing bacterial cells in view of the increasing problem of multi-antibiotic resistance. we examined the effect of three water-soluble photosensitizers (phs): methylene blue (mb), neutral red (nr) and rose bengal (rb) on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. we compared the efficacy of phs in their free form and encapsulated in liposomal formulations against various bacterial strains, and determined conditions for the effe ... | 2010 | 20644595 |
| [structure of the oligosaccharide region (core) of the lipopolysaccharides of shigella flexneri types 2a and 5b]. | the full structure of the lipopolysaccharide core of bacteria shigella flexneri types 2a and 5b, the causative agents of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis), was established by chemical methods, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy. the structure of the o-antigen repeating unit and the configuration and position of the linkage between the o-antigen and the core were determined in the lipopolysaccharide of s. flexneri type 2a. | 2010 | 20644600 |
| antibacterial properties of essential oils and methanol extracts of sweet basil ocimum basilicum occurring in bangladesh. | the antibacterial potential of essential oils and methanol extracts of sweet basil ocimum basilicum l. (lamiaceae) was evaluated for controlling the growth range of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from the leaves and stems were analyzed by gc-ms. fifty-seven compounds representing 94.9 and 96.1% of the total leaf and stem oils, respectively, were identified, of which methyl chavicol (36.7 and 29.9%), gitoxigenin (9.3 and 10.2%), trimethoquinol (10.3 ... | 2010 | 20645791 |
| enteropathogenic escherichia coli, samonella, shigella and yersinia: cellular aspects of host-bacteria interactions in enteric diseases. | abstract: a successful infection of the human intestine by enteropathogenic bacteria depends on the ability of bacteria to attach and colonize the intestinal epithelium and, in some cases, to invade the host cell, survive intracellularly and disseminate from cell to cell. to accomplish these processes bacteria have evolved an arsenal of molecules that are mostly secreted by dedicated type iii secretion systems, and that interact with the host, subverting normal cellular functions. here we overvi ... | 2010 | 20649986 |
| in silico characterization of shikimate kinase of shigella flexneri: a potential drug target. | shigella flexneri is a major pathogen responsible for shigellosis causing massive morbidity among young population and imposes huge socio-economic burden. in this study, shikimate kinase (sk) from s. flexneri was characterized in silico and disordered regions were predicted. motifs and domains were calculated using computational tools. a three dimensional model of shikimate kinase of s.flexneri was constructed using shikimate kinase of e.coli (pdbid: 1kag_a) as template by comparative modeling a ... | 2010 | 20658341 |
| convalescent cultures for control of shigellosis outbreaks. | a shigellosis outbreak in the st louis, missouri metropolitan area. | 2010 | 20661101 |
| prevalence of integrons in shigella sonnei from brazil. | 2010 | 20664608 | |
| synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of novel fluoroquinolone derivatives containing substituted piperidines. | we report herein the synthesis of novel 7-(4-alkoxyimino-3-aminomethyl-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl) fluoroquinolone derivatives. the antibacterial activity of the newly synthesized compounds was evaluated and correlated with their physicochemical properties. results reveal that all of the target compounds have good potency in inhibiting the growth of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis including mrse (mic: 0.125-4 microg/ml). compounds 12, 13 are more potent than or comparable to lev ... | 2010 | 20667731 |
| glycan encapsulated gold nanoparticles selectively inhibit shiga toxins 1 and 2. | shiga toxins (stx) released by escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella dysentriae cause life-threatening conditions that include hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus), kidney failure, and neurological complications. cellular entry is mediated by the b-subunit of the ab(5) toxin, which recognizes cell surface glycolipids present in lipid raft-like structures. we developed gold glyconanoparticles that present a multivalent display similar to the cell surface glycolipids to compete for these toxins. these ... | 2010 | 20669970 |
| control of coliform bacteria detected from diarrhea associated patients by extracts of moringa oleifera. | the aims of this study were to determine the total population of coliform bacteria in the samples collected from diarrhea associated patients from the local area of bangladesh and to examine the antibacterial efficacy of leaf extracts of moringa oleifera (moringaceae) against the isolated coliform bacteria. the coliform bacteria detected in these samples by some microbial-biochemical tests such as escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella sp., enterobacter sp., klebsiella pneumoniae and ... | 2010 | 20677603 |
| impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from europe and rural africa. | gut microbial composition depends on different dietary habits just as health depends on microbial metabolism, but the association of microbiota with different diets in human populations has not yet been shown. in this work, we compared the fecal microbiota of european children (eu) and that of children from a rural african village of burkina faso (bf), where the diet, high in fiber content, is similar to that of early human settlements at the time of the birth of agriculture. by using high-throu ... | 2010 | 20679230 |
| facile glycosylation strategy with two-stage activation of allyl glycosyl donors. application to concise synthesis of shigella flexneri serotype y o-antigen. | a practical, useful glycosylation method employing only allyl glycoside building blocks has been developed. the donor's glycosylation reactivity is turned on via isomerization of its anomeric allyl protecting group into the corresponding prop-1-enyl moiety. subsequent chemoselective activation with nis/tfoh achieves high yields in glycosidic bond construction at room temperature. the efficacy and efficiency of this approach in carbohydrate synthesis is demonstrated in the concise synthesis of th ... | 2010 | 20683518 |
| antimicrobial resistance and molecular analysis of non-typhoidal salmonella isolates from human in tunisia. | during the period from 2006 to 2007, a total of 32 clinical isolates of salmonella enterica were isolated from diarrheagenic stool samples and further examined for their susceptibility to various antibiotics. sixteen of the human isolates were from the capital tunis, 11 were from sousse, four were from nabeul and one was from mahdia, tunisia. the isolates were serotyped and identified at the national centre of enteropathogenic bacteria, pasteur institute, tunis (centre national de salmonella, sh ... | 2010 | 20685046 |
| plasmid-mediated streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole resistance in shigella flexneri 3a. | shigellosis is a major cause of diarrhoea-related morbidity and mortality, especially in children in developing countries such as india. recently, it was estimated that 91 million individuals worldwide contract shigellosis each year. the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant strains of shigella is now an emerging global health problem. during the past two decades, much attention was given to re-evaluation of treatment recommendations. in the present study, we investigated a clinical ... | 2010 | 20685089 |
| antibiotic therapy for shigella dysentery. | shigella dysentery is a relatively common illness and occasionally causes death, worldwide. mild symptoms are self-limiting but in more severe cases, antibiotics are recommended for cure and preventing relapse. the antibiotics recommended are diverse, have regional differences in sensitivity, and have side effects. | 2010 | 20687081 |
| hemolysin e (hlye, clya, shea) and related toxins. | certain strains of escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri produce a pore-forming toxin hemolysin e (hlye), also known as cytolysin a (clya) and silent hemolysin, locus a (shea). hlye lyses erythrocytes and mammalian cells, forming transmembrane pores with a minimum internal diameter of-25 a. we review the current knowledge of hlye structure and function in its solution and pore forms, models for membrane insertion, its potential use in biotechnology applications and its rela ... | 2010 | 20687485 |
| shigellosis update: advancing antibiotic resistance, investment empowered vaccine development, and green bananas. | shigella is the principal cause of clinical dysentery and an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children in impoverished regions. the purpose of this review is to present key findings in the areas of epidemiology, disease control, and treatment of shigellosis. | 2010 | 20689423 |
| etiology of diarrhea in older children, adolescents and adults: a systematic review. | diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in all regions of the world and among all ages, yet little is known about the fraction of diarrhea episodes and deaths due to each pathogen. | 2010 | 20689809 |
| crystal structures of phd-doc, higa, and yeeu establish multiple evolutionary links between microbial growth-regulating toxin-antitoxin systems. | bacterial toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems serve a variety of physiological functions including regulation of cell growth and maintenance of foreign genetic elements. sequence analyses suggest that ta families are linked by complex evolutionary relationships reflecting likely swapping of functional domains between different ta families. our crystal structures of phd-doc from bacteriophage p1, the higa antitoxin from escherichia coli cft073, and yeeu of the yeeuwv systems from e. coli k12 and shigell ... | 2010 | 20696400 |
| pic, an autotransporter protein secreted by different pathogens in the enterobacteriaceae family, is a potent mucus secretagogue. | a hallmark of enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) infection is a formation of biofilm, which comprises a mucus layer with immersed bacteria in the intestines of patients. while studying the mucinolytic activity of pic in an in vivo system, rat ileal loops, we surprisingly found that eaec induced hypersecretion of mucus, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of mucus-containing goblet cells. interestingly, an isogenic pic mutant (eaec δpic) was unable to cause this mucus hypers ... | 2010 | 20696826 |
| diverse pathways for salicin utilization in shigella sonnei and escherichia coli carrying an impaired bgl operon. | utilization of the aryl-β-glucosides salicin or arbutin in most wild-type strains of e. coli is achieved by a single-step mutational activation of the bgl operon. shigella sonnei, a branch of the diverse e. coli strain tree, requires two sequential mutational steps for achieving salicin utilization as the bglb gene, encoding the phospho-β-glucosidase b, harbors an inactivating insertion. we show that in a natural isolate of s. sonnei, transcriptional activation of the gene sso1595, encoding a ph ... | 2010 | 20697693 |
| [mucocutaneous abnormalities in chlamydia trachomatis-induced reactive arthritis]. | reactive arthritis (previously known as reiters syndrome) is an inflammatory arthritis that is a type of spondyloarthropathy. the disease consists of the classical triad of arthritis, urethritis and conjunctivitis, but mucocutaneous abnormalities also frequently appear: balanitis circinata, keratoderma blennorrhagicum, aphthous ulcers in the mouth and nail disorders. these skin lesions are mainly found in reactive arthritis induced by chlamydia trachomatis (ct). reactive arthritis is often trigg ... | 2010 | 20699017 |
| production of glycoprotein vaccines in escherichia coli. | conjugate vaccines in which polysaccharide antigens are covalently linked to carrier proteins belong to the most effective and safest vaccines against bacterial pathogens. state-of-the art production of conjugate vaccines using chemical methods is a laborious, multi-step process. in vivo enzymatic coupling using the general glycosylation pathway of campylobacter jejuni in recombinant escherichia coli has been suggested as a simpler method for producing conjugate vaccines. in this study we descri ... | 2010 | 20701771 |
| comparative in vitro activity of tigecycline and other antimicrobial agents against shigella species from kuwait and the united arab of emirates. | shigella species isolated from stool samples of symptomatic patients of all age groups at the mubarak al kabir hospital and infectious diseases hospital, kuwait and tawam hospital, uae during a 2-year period were investigated for their susceptibility to tigecycline and several other antibiotics by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) using the e test method. a total of 100 and 42 strains were collected from uae and kuwait, respectively. the extent of drug resistance in the sh ... | 2010 | 20701889 |
| foodborne proportion of gastrointestinal illness: estimates from a canadian expert elicitation survey. | the study used a structured expert elicitation survey to derive estimates of the foodborne attributable proportion for nine illnesses caused by enteric pathogens in canada. it was based on a similar study conducted in the united states and focused on campylobacter, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, nontyphoidal salmonella enterica, shigella spp., vibrio spp., yersinia enterocolitica, cryptosporidium parvum, and norwalk-like virus. for each pathogen, experts were asked to provide ... | 2010 | 20704505 |