| eca, the enterobacterial common antigen. | enterobacterial common antigen (eca) is a family-specific surface antigen shared by all members of the enterobacteriaceae and is restricted to this family. it is found in freshly isolated wild-type strains as well as in laboratory strains like escherichia coli k-12. the family specificity of eca can be used for taxonomic and diagnostic purposes. eca is located in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane. it is a glycophospholipid built up by an aminosugar heteropolymer linked to an l-glycerophosp ... | 1988 | 3078744 |
| [shigella serotypes and drug resistance patterns of strains isolated in etimesgut, turkey, in 1987]. | drug resistance patterns of shigella strains were investigated in a prospective manner in etimesgut district during a period of 1 year. thirty strains shigella were isolated, belonged to three subgroups with preponderance of sh. flexneri (70%), followed by sh. sonnei (27%) and sh. boydii (3%). the resistance was highest with streptomycin (80%), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) (53%) and ampicillin (43%). only three strains (10%) were sensitive to all eight antibiotics tested. ... | 1988 | 3078794 |
| genetics of virulence of shigella species. | the virulent phenotype of shigella is genetically controlled in the diverse form. both chromosomal and extrachromosomal genetic loci that are required for the expression of the virulent phenotype have been identified. advances in the genetics and the molecular biology of shigella virulence are discussed. | 1988 | 3079171 |
| molecular genetic approaches to the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery. | bacillary dysentery is an invasive infectious disease of the human colon. at least three genetic loci on the chromosome and a huge plasmid have been implicated in its pathogenesis. results obtained from molecular genetic studies, mainly of the genes, virg, virf and kcpa are discussed. | 1988 | 3079174 |
| effect of guinea pig or monkey colonic mucus on shigella aggregation and invasion of hela cells by shigella flexneri 1b and 2a. | the effects of guinea pig and rhesus monkey colonic mucus preparations on shigella aggregation and invasion of hela cell monolayers by shigella flexneri serotype 1b, 2a, and 5 strains were investigated. guinea pig mucus caused agglutination of s. flexneri serotype 1b but not of s. flexneri serotype 2a or 5. guinea pig mucus also inhibited hela cell invasion by s. flexneri serotypes 1b and 2a. monkey mucus neither agglutinated any shigella strain nor inhibited hela cell invasion. | 1986 | 3081449 |
| in vitro activity of ro 23-6240, a new fluorinated 4-quinolone. | the in vitro activity of ro 23-6240 (am833), 6,8-difluoro-1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7(4-methyl-1-piper azinyl) quinolone-3-carboxylic acid, was compared with those of norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. ro 23-6240 inhibited the majority of enterobacteriaceae isolates at a concentration of less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml. it was especially active against shigella sp., salmonella sp., escherichia coli, and yersinia enterocolitica, with an mic for 90% of the strain ... | 1986 | 3085584 |
| natural and recombinant interferons inhibit epithelial cell invasion by shigella spp. | the effect of natural and recombinant interferons (ifns) on the abilities of shigella flexneri, s. sonnei, and salmonella typhimurium to invade different human and murine cells was examined. pretreatment of cell monolayers with natural and recombinant ifns reduced the number of shigella-infected cells in a dose-dependent manner. establishment of an anti-invasive cellular state was time dependent, requiring 10 h for 50% inhibition of bacterial invasion. the inhibitory effect of ifn was species sp ... | 1986 | 3086234 |
| in-vitro activity of pefloxacin compared to other antibiotics. | pefloxacin is a new quinolone carboxylic acid with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. a comparison was made of the in-vitro activity of pefloxacin and that of nine other antibiotics (ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin and norfloxacin). the mic90 of pefloxacin against 500 strains of enterobacteriaceae ranged from 0.25 mg/l (escherichia coli, indole + proteus spp., enterobacter cloacae, salmonella spp. and shigella spp.) to 1 mg ... | 1986 | 3086279 |
| cost-benefit of mass prophylaxis with immune serum globulin to control waterborne hepatitis a: a case study. | following a point-source epidemic of more than 8,000 cases of shigella sonnei, which was caused by a sewage-contaminated water supply, immune serum globulin (isg) was administered to 11,306 children, aged 5 to 9 years, and to 1,338 pregnant women to prevent a possible outbreak of hepatitis a. a cost-benefit analysis showed that the estimated cost of preventing one possible case of hepatitis in a child was $362.50, and in a pregnant women $11,514. the benefit:cost ratios were 0.45 and 0.28, respe ... | 1986 | 3091532 |
| antibodies to enterobacteriaceae in ankylosing spondylitis. | serological studies on ankylosing spondylitis (as; n = 82) show that although statistically more as patients than controls (n = 24) may possess elevated serum titres to enterobacteria such as salmonella, shigella and yersinia, this does not necessarily imply enterobacterial involvement in as, as other groups without enteritis or arthropathies that frequent health care facilities (n = 72) may also display this phenomenon, presumably due to increased exposure. moreover, an inventory of all detecta ... | 1986 | 3092349 |
| quality control testing of anti-sera with glutaraldehyde-treated antigens. | glutaraldehyde-treated bacterial cells were used as the quality control organisms in agglutination and fluorescent antibody tests for group a streptococcus; salmonella groups a, b, and d; shigella groups b, c, and d; and neisseria gonorrhoeae. the antigen preparations were serologically reactive over a period of five months. | 1986 | 3092634 |
| chloroalanyl antibiotic peptides: antagonism of their antimicrobial effects by l-alanine and l-alanyl peptides in gram-negative bacteria. | a large number of structurally diverse di- and tripeptides containing the alanine racemase inactivator beta-chloro-l-alanine (beta-cl-lala) have been synthesized, and their antibacterial properties in vitro have been evaluated. the dipeptides 1, 3-6, and 8-17 and the tripeptide 20 are all broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with considerable potency against both gram-positive and gram-negative species, but none of these peptides improves dramatically on the antibiotic efficacy of the previously ... | 1986 | 3093682 |
| [in vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin (nflx) against enteritis-causing bacteria]. | | 1986 | 3095460 |
| [transmission of vibrio cholerae. possible role of the camel]. | choleraic vibrio uses the moving means that man discovers to his own use. camels (passive and active vehicles of large quantity of crude water) were experimentally infected with a vibrio (tox. +) and an aeromonas (tox. +). suckling young camels eliminate them for 6 days and grown-up camels for 25 days. this experience, associated with the discovery of vibrio non 01 and shigella in the caravan camel dungs, lead them to become a potential vector of spreading from one oasis to another. | 1986 | 3096512 |
| ability of inhibitors of glycosylation and protein synthesis to sensitize cells to abrin, ricin, shigella toxin, and pseudomonas toxin. | a number of compounds that interfere with glycoprotein synthesis and transport have been tested for their ability to sensitize cells to cancerostatic protein toxins. tunicamycin, swainsonine, cycloheximide, and puromycin sensitized vero cells and hela cells to abrin and ricin, as we have found previously with monensin (k. sandvig and s. olsnes, j. biol. chem., 257: 7504-7513, 1982). cycloheximide, but not swainsonine, sensitized vero cells to pseudomonas exotoxin a and shigella toxin. the abilit ... | 1986 | 3096563 |
| multiply resistant shigellosis in a day-care center--texas. | | 1986 | 3097494 |
| characterization and diagnostic application of a lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharide-protein conjugate. | shigella sonnei phase ii core oligosaccharide (osphii) was linked covalently with protein (bovine serum albumin or tetanus toxoid) to obtain a conjugate (osphii-protein) of good immunogenicity in rabbits. anti-osphii-protein conjugate sera contained high levels of immunoglobulin g antibodies against the complete core region of sh. sonnei lipopolysaccharide. the antigenic relationships between lipopolysaccharides of r1, r3 and r4 core types using anti-osphii-protein sera were studied. these antis ... | 1986 | 3098854 |
| effect of measles-virus infection and interferon treatment on invasiveness of shigella flexneri in hep2-cell cultures. | the influence of measles-virus infection on the invasiveness of shigella flexneri in hep2-cell cultures was studied. bacterial invasiveness was significantly enhanced in cell cultures incubated with virus before bacterial inoculation. this effect was a function of time after introduction of virus to the cell cultures and of the concentration of virus. the increase in bacterial invasiveness was observed before production of infectious virus particles and before a cytopathic effect was evident. a ... | 1986 | 3098977 |
| characterization of purified shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1. | shiga toxin was purified from the culture supernatant of shigella dysenteriae 1 by ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-cellulose column chromatography and repeated chromatofocusing column chromatography. about 1.6 mg of purified shiga toxin was obtained from 15 liters of culture with a yield of about 27%. the molecular weight of purified shiga toxin was estimated to be 62,000. the toxin consisted of a and b subunits with molecular weights of about 30,000 and 5,000-6,000, respectively. the isoel ... | 1986 | 3100915 |
| etiological and clinical characteristics of diarrhea in young adults, with special reference to shigella gastroenteritis. | | 1986 | 3100995 |
| [transfer of r plasmids between shigella and e. coli strains in the intestine of patients with acute shigellosis]. | | 1986 | 3103883 |
| characterization of self-transmissible plasmids determining lactose fermentation and multiple antibiotic resistance in clinical strains of klebsiella pneumoniae. | the lactose fermentation (lac+) and antibiotic resistance (r+) phenotypes were conjugally transferred from klebsiella pneumoniae strains (k166, k182, k186, k218, and k220) to salmonella typhi, s. typhimurium, shigella flexneri, and vibrio cholerae. the genes for lactose fermentation and antibiotic resistance were located on the plasmids. further analysis of plasmid dna from these isolates indicated the presence of multiple plasmids (mr ranged less than 2.7 to 70 x 10(6)). the lac+r+ plasmids p16 ... | 1987 | 3107002 |
| multistate outbreak of shigella sonnei gastroenteritis--united states. | | 1987 | 3110572 |
| shigellosis--north carolina. | | 1987 | 3110573 |
| colicin js of shigella sonnei: classification of type colicin "7". | colicinotype 7 of shigella sonnei, introduced by abbott and graham, is one of those most frequently found in epidemiological screenings. it is represented by the production of a single colicin (acidic protein of m. w. 46 kd) endowed with some striking features. it is unstable at ph 8.0 and at the temperature of 70 degrees c. its inhibitive activity is specific for the species shigella sonnei, most strains of which seem to be sensitive. it is the only colicin known so far inactive towards escheri ... | 1987 | 3111132 |
| [improved method of lipopolysaccharide isolation from gram-negative bacteria]. | a modification of the traditional method for lipoplysaccharide isolation from the cells of grammnegative bacteria was elaborated on the basis of extraction by the hot water solution of phenol (the method of westfahl). to make the method simpler and to raise the yield of the product it was proposed to use the water-phenol extract without its division for plases. the nucleic acids are eliminated by precipitation from dialyzed extract at ph 3,2-3,4 achieved by addition of acetic acid. the comparati ... | 1987 | 3112564 |
| nationwide dissemination of multiply resistant shigella sonnei following a common-source outbreak. | | 1987 | 3114612 |
| efficacy of a polyvalent protein-polysaccharide dysentery oral vaccine. | | 1987 | 3115716 |
| [comparative in vitro activity of 10 new 4-quinolones against enteropathogenic bacteria]. | the susceptibility has been determined of 169 shigella spp., 93 salmonella spp., 68 yersinia enterocolitica, 34 vibrio cholerae 0:1, and 34 campylobacter jejuni, isolated in central africa and in belgium, to ten fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, enoxacin, amifloxacin, ci-934, a-56619, a-56620 and ro 23-6240. all quinolones were active against the strains tested, showing an mic90 between 0.004 mg/l and 2 mg/l for strains susceptible to nalidixic acid and an mic9 ... | 1987 | 3116489 |
| [effect of verapamil, cromoglycate and dimedrol on the survivability of mice in endotoxic shock]. | the trial has been performed on blocking the potentiation of the lethal action of sh. sonnei endotoxin isolated using the agents possessing antiaggregation and antimediator properties--verapamil, cromoglycate and diphenhydramine. it was shown that ld50 of endotoxin increased 2-2.5-fold, provided there were 3 drug injection 1, 4 and 9 hours after endotoxin administration. the survival of mice at 100% level of mortality was also increased 2-2.5-fold. with endotoxin administered together with the f ... | 1987 | 3118985 |
| effects of iron and temperature on shiga-like toxin i production by escherichia coli. | iron is known to depress shiga toxin production by shigella dysenteriae 1, and temperature has been shown to regulate several genes required for shigella invasiveness. in this study, the influence of iron and temperature on regulation of a highly related toxin, shiga-like toxin i (slt-i) of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, was examined in strains lysogenic for the toxin-converting coliphage 933j and in strains carrying the cloned slt-i genes on a high-copy-number plasmid vector. for compariso ... | 1988 | 3121508 |
| polymicrobial septicemia due to shigella flexneri and pseudomonas aeruginosa: first report. | an invasion of the bloodstream by members of the genus shigella is extremely rare. when it does occur, the etiologic agent is usually a single organism. a report of the first case of shigella bacteremia that was complicated by pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis is reported. | 1987 | 3123706 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1 in tourists to cancun, mexico. | | 1988 | 3135475 |
| shigella sonnei bacteremia in an elderly diabetic patient. | a case of shigella sonnei bacteremia in a 65-year-old patient suffering from diabetes mellitus is discussed. the isolated strain had plasmid-mediated serum resistance and excreted aerobactin. the presence of diabetes mellitus as an underlying disease and the production by the shigella sonnei isolate of factors related to bacterial invasion may have contributed to the bacteremic episode. | 1988 | 3137043 |
| pathogenesis, genetics of virulence, and immunity in shigellosis. | | 1988 | 3138359 |
| further serological investigations in humans and domestic animals on the cape verde islands (q-fever, brucellosis, listeriosis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, yersiniosis, toxoplasmosis and chlamydia of plt-group). | 439 sera of domestic animals and various number (150-500) of human sera of the cape verde islands were examined for antibodies against coxiella burnetti, brucella abortus, b.melitensis, listeria monocytogenes, shigella dysenteriae, s.flexneri, s. boydii, s.sonnei, campylobacter jejuni, c.fetus ssp. intestinalis, yersinia enterocolitica, toxoplasma gondii and chlamydia of the plt-group. it could be shown, that on the cape verde islands there is to be counted with numerous zoonoses due to various ... | 1988 | 3139491 |
| [dysenteric arthritis--a case-related observation]. | | 1988 | 3140351 |
| expression of four virulence antigens of shigella flexneri is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by the 30 kilodalton virf protein. | on the virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri the virg region required for cell-to-cell spread of the bacterium encodes a 130 kilodalton (kd) antigen and region-2 essential for the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells encodes 57, 43 and 39 kd antigens. the expression of these four antigens is positively regulated by the 30 kd protein encoded by virf, whose nucleotide sequence had been determined and which was previously found to be essential for virulence. an approximately 3.8 kilobase (kb) rn ... | 1988 | 3141742 |
| toxins. | | 1988 | 3142045 |
| risk factors for persistent diarrhoea. | with a systematically sampled population of children aged under 5 attending this centre for diarrhoeal disease research during 1983-5 a retrospective analysis of persistent diarrhoea (defined as greater than 14 days' duration) was performed to identify the possible risk factors for this syndrome. of the 4155 children included in the analysis, 410 (10%) gave a history of persistent diarrhoea. a comparison with children with acute diarrhoea matched for age showed that 11 factors were correlated wi ... | 1988 | 3142603 |
| plasmid dna survey of clinically isolated shigella strains in shanghai area. | | 1988 | 3145835 |
| comparison of the invasion strategies used by salmonella cholerae-suis, shigella flexneri and yersinia enterocolitica to enter cultured animal cells: endosome acidification is not required for bacterial invasion or intracellular replication. | strains of escherichia, salmonella, shigella and yersinia actively enter eukaryotic cells. several techniques were used to compare and contrast the invasion mechanisms of salmonella cholerae-suis, yersinia enterocolitica and shigella flexneri. three animal cell lines (cho, hep-2 and mdck) were examined for susceptibility to bacterial entry by these strains. levels of intracellular bacteria varied widely between cell lines, but cho cells were the most susceptible to bacterial invasion, hep-2 inva ... | 1988 | 3147700 |
| purification and some properties of shiga-like toxin from escherichia coli o157:h7 that is immunologically identical to shiga toxin. | a cytotoxin to vero cells (shiga-like toxin), which was neutralized by antibody against purified shiga toxin produced by shigella dysenteriae 1, was purified from escherichia coli o157:h7, isolated from a patient with hemorrhagic colitis. the purification procedure consisted of ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-cellulose column chromatography, chromatofocusing column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. about 200 micrograms of purified shiga-like toxin was obtained from ... | 1987 | 3148810 |
| critical control points for foods prepared in households whose members had either alleged typhoid fever or diarrhea. | hazard analysis of food preparation practices were conducted in four households and eleven others were visited to survey both food preparation practices and environmental conditions. households selected had members who were suffering from either diarrhea of unknown etiology or alleged typhoid fever. hazard analyses and sanitary surveys included gathering data on time-temperature exposures of foods, collecting samples of food and drinking water, sampling sewage or drains, and obtaining stool spec ... | 1988 | 3152803 |
| asymptomatic bacteriuria with shigella sonnei. | | 1987 | 3153293 |
| microbiological methods and plasmid pattern analysis in epidemiological control of shigella sonnei infections. | shigella sonnei plays an important aetiological role in bacillary dysentery. advances in methodology for the study of intraspecies differentiation are proving to be valuable in the epidemiological analysis of infections caused by this agent. | 1986 | 3153579 |
| shiga toxin. | | 1986 | 3153582 |
| [a new serotype of shigella flexneri in czechoslovakia?]. | | 1985 | 3155665 |
| in-vitro activity of pefloxacin compared to enoxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin and new beta-lactams. | the in-vitro activity of pefloxacin was compared with that of norfloxacin, enoxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and, where appropriate, other beta-lactams against a total of 363 recent clinical isolates. an agar dilution procedure was used to determine mics and two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu) were used throughout. pefloxacin inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, indole-positive proteus spp., enterobacter spp., shigella ... | 1985 | 3156112 |
| synthesis of aerobactin and a 76,000-dalton iron-regulated outer membrane protein by escherichia coli k-12-shigella flexneri hybrids and by enteroinvasive strains of escherichia coli. | one of the chromosomal segments associated with the virulence of shigella flexneri and transferred to escherichia coli k-12 by conjugation has been shown to code for the production of aerobactin and for the synthesis of an iron-regulated 76,000-dalton (76k) outer membrane protein. analysis of various e. coli k-12-s. flexneri transconjugants showed that the genes involved with the synthesis of aerobactin and with the production of the 76k protein were linked to the mtl region of the s. flexneri c ... | 1985 | 3159680 |
| [characteristics of r plasmids expressed by dysenteric bacteria]. | one hundred and eighty-six clinical strains of enterobacteriaceae isolated in the krasnodar region and krasnodar in 1982 from patients with acute intestinal diseases were studied. 137 strains of shigella were investigated in detail. it was shown that s. flexneri, s. sonnei, s. boydii and s. dysenteriae accounted for 77, 15, 5 and 2 per cent, respectively. 78.1 per cent of the wild shigella strains were resistant to antibiotics and in 43.9 per cent of the strains this property was controlled by c ... | 1985 | 3161452 |
| in vitro activity of lomefloxacin (sc-47111; ny-198), a difluoroquinolone 3-carboxylic acid, compared with those of other quinolones. | lomefloxacin (sc-47111; ny-198) is a new difluoroquinolone agent. it inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., proteus mirabilis, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, serratia marcescens, salmonella spp., shigella spp., aeromonas spp., yersinia spp., haemophilus influenzae, and neisseria gonorrhoeae at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. lomefloxacin inhibited 90% of pseudomonas aeruginosa at 4 micrograms/ml. lomefloxacin was equal in activity ... | 1988 | 3164987 |
| control of diarrhoeal diseases. | during its early years, who was primarily concerned with epidemic control, standardization and quality control of vaccines, and administration of the international sanitary regulations. among the acute enteric infections, cholera received the greatest attention because of its propensity for rapid epidemic spread. when the seventh pandemic of cholera began in 1961, who responded with a greatly expanded programme of activities which included cooperation with countries in training and control effor ... | 1988 | 3176516 |
| multiply-resistant salmonella and shigella isolates. | emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance of salmonella species are of serious concern in several parts of the world where enteric fever and other forms of salmonellosis are endemic. a retrospective review of clinical microbiology culture logbooks at our institution identified 16 isolates of multiply-resistant salmonella (15) and shigella (1) species during the period from october 1985 to february 1987. all organisms were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxa ... | 1988 | 3179078 |
| the role of inflammation in the development of epiretinal membranes. | single or multiple (3) injections of "shigella" endotoxin were administered into the rabbit vitreous body to investigate the development of epiretinal membranes following intraocular inflammation. the evaluation included clinical assessment of the resulting traction retinal detachments, together with histological, autoradiographic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. traction retinal detachments were found beneath fibroglial epiretinal membranes (being more extensive in eyes which h ... | 1988 | 3180837 |
| the microbial causes of diarrhoea in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | diarrhoea is common in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). we sought the cause of diarrhoea in all hiv antibody-positive patients with diarrhoea who presented at st stephen's hospital, london over a period of 15 months. altogether, 441 specimens from 179 patients were examined. infective causes were found in 86 (48%) patients. protozoa were the most common infecting organisms (30% patients). of these, cryptosporidium sp. was the most frequent (9.5% patients), followed ... | 1988 | 3183401 |
| rarely occurring shigella serovars. | in addition to the predominant shigella sonnei, also rarely occurring shigella serovars have been found in czechoslovakia: 4 serovars of subgroup a (s. dysenteriae 3, 4, 7 and 12) and 11 serovars of subgroup c (s. boydii 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 lactose-positive, 10, 13, 14 aerogenic, mannitol-negative, 15, 16 and the provisional serovar e 16553). first isolations of these serovars were mostly connected with cases imported from abroad. some serovars were isolated repeatedly. newly recognized serovars of s. ... | 1988 | 3195258 |
| [increase in the sensitivity of shigella to antibiotics]. | passages of 10 shigella strains for 10 times in meat-peptone broth supplemented with sodium nucleinate provided an increase in sensitivity of the cultures to levomycetin for a period of 264 hours. in three strains of s. sonnei, s. flexneri and s. newcastle the authors observed an increase in sensitivity to tetracycline, benzylpenicillin and streptomycin. some nitrous bases included in sodium nucleinate were also able to increase antibiotic sensitivity in shigella. | 1988 | 3214209 |
| isolation of enterobacteria from diarrhoeic west african dwarf goats. | an investigation was undertaken to determine enterobacteriaceae from faecal swabs of west african dwarf goats suffering from diarrhoea in the nsukka area of anambra state, nigeria. in one academic year a total of 37 enteric bacteria were successfully recovered aseptically from 35 faecal swabs from caprine species. the predominant enterobacteria pathogens isolated from diarrhoeic goats and their relative percentage frequency of isolation were: 27 escherichia (73%), 7 proteus (19%) and 3 shigella ... | 1988 | 3216800 |
| [which are the most frequently occurring enteropathogenic bacteria in clinical practice?]. | diarrhea is an increasingly frequent clinical finding in swiss medical practice. one reason is the volume of tourism in countries with different climatic and social circumstances. to obtain an overview of the enteropathogenic bacteria spectrum as a cause of diarrhea, we analyzed 11,163 stool specimens from a representative group of patients throughout switzerland. enteropathogenic bacteria were found in 15.2% of all specimens; 50% were campylobacter jejuni/coli, 35% salmonella spp., 8% aeromonas ... | 1988 | 3217775 |
| prescribing for diarrheal diseases. | a medical audit was conducted to evaluate prescriptions for diarrhea in the ward and clinic of the pediatric gastroenterology unit of the postgraduate institute of medical education and research, chandigarh, india. the sample consisted of 54 prescriptions from the ward and 105 from the clinic, written by consultants, senior and junior residents. organisms isolated were shigella, salmonella, e. coli, acid fast bacilli, giardia and rotavirus. nonspecific diarrhea included lactose intolerance as ... | 1988 | 3220563 |
| mecillinam: a potential anti-shigella agent. | | 1988 | 3220576 |
| survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination. | the susceptibility of coliform bacteria and bacterial pathogens to free chlorine residuals was determined before and after incubation with amoebae and ciliate protozoa. viability of bacteria was quantified to determine their resistance to free chlorine residuals when ingested by laboratory strains of acanthamoeba castellanii and tetrahymena pyriformis. cocultures of bacteria and protozoa were incubated to facilitate ingestion of the bacteria and then were chlorinated, neutralized, and sonicated ... | 1988 | 3223766 |
| [the mechanism of action of shiga toxin]. | | 1988 | 3229307 |
| susceptibility of epidemic strains of shigella to ofloxacin and other antimicrobials. | | 1988 | 3229803 |
| evaluation of a latex agglutination test for the detection of salmonella and shigella spp. by using broth enrichment. | we evaluated the bactigen salmonella-shigella latex agglutination slide test (wampole laboratories, div. carter-wallace, inc., cranbury, n.j.) for detection of salmonella and shigella spp. in enrichment broth cultures (gram-negative broth incubated for 24 h) as part of the routine testing of stool samples. a total of 1,128 stool samples were screened by using this test. of 29 samples culture positive for salmonella spp., 25 were positive with the salmonella test (sensitivity, 86.2%; specificity, ... | 1988 | 3230129 |
| shiga toxin: production and purification. | | 1988 | 3231098 |
| [coproculture of the animals at the zoological park of tananarive with isolation of bacteria of the genera shigella, kluyvera, pseudomonas, xanthomonas]. | | 1988 | 3242428 |
| molecular characterization of virulence plasmid in shigella species. | | 1988 | 3244165 |
| [biological properties of bacteria in the genus shigella]. | | 1988 | 3245360 |
| differences among shigella spp. in susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of human serum. | clinical isolates of shigella spp. were examined for their susceptibility to human serum. the susceptibility of the strains to immune and nonimmune human serum was dependent upon the size of the bacterial inoculum and the concentration of serum. there were differences among shigella spp. in susceptibility to human serum: s. sonnei strains were the least susceptible, strains of s. boydii and s. flexneri serotype 6 were intermediate, and those of s. flexneri other than serotype 6 and s. dysenteria ... | 1988 | 3246597 |
| epidemiological and clinical characteristics of shigellosis in rural bangladesh. | | 1988 | 3251937 |
| [a new rapid antibiotic susceptibility test for enteric bacteria using a color change method]. | the rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests that have been developed so far cannot be used in daily work, because of their many difficulties and disadvantages. we have developed a new antibiotic susceptibility test for enteric bacteria which gives the result in 4 hours, easy to perform and inexpensive. this method depends upon the mechanism which detects the acid formed by the bacteria, by the change of the color of the ph indicator in the medium. the susceptibility of 110 different isolates of en ... | 1988 | 3252116 |
| acute diarrhoeal disease in nigeria: detection of enteropathogens in a rural sub-saharan population. | a retrospective study was carried out to obtain epidemiological data concerning the relative risk of shigella, salmonella, campylobacter jejuni and vibrio cholerae infection in several rural population groups. faecal samples (rectal swab specimens) were cultured from 914 selected children with acute diarrhoeal disease and from a matched control group of 984 non-diarrhoeal children. shigella were more frequently isolated than the other enteropathogens from both the diarrhoeal (12.7%) and control ... | 1988 | 3252601 |
| phagocytic and bactericidal properties of macrophages of mice immunized with outer membrane proteins (omp) of shigella. | macrophages obtained from peritoneal exudates of mice immunized with the single doses (1 and 5 micrograms) of omp were shown to have stronger phagocytic as well as bactericidal properties in relation to shigella flexneri bacilli than nonactivated macrophages. macrophages from the animals immunized with 10, 20 and 30 micrograms omp doses showed phagocytic and bactericidal properties similar to those of nonactivated macrophages while the immunization with the dose 50 micrograms resulted in their s ... | 1988 | 3254119 |
| absence of antienterobacteriaceae and anti-hla-b27 antibodies in mitogen stimulated cultures of lymphocytes from patients with reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. | lymphocytes from hla-b27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis or reiter's syndrome and from matched controls were cultured with pokeweed mitogen and heat-killed s. aureus bacteria under conditions designed to maximize immunoglobulin production. despite the secretion of microgram quantities of immunoglobulin, which were not significantly different in patients and controls, only negligible amounts of igm, igg and iga antibodies to campylobacter, shigella and yersinia were detectable. in a ... | 1988 | 3258921 |
| in vitro activity of an oral iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, r-3746. | the in vitro activity of r-3746, an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a ch2och3 moiety at position 3, was compared with those of other antibiotics. r-3746 inhibited the majority of hemolytic streptococci (groups a, b, c, f, and g) and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than 0.06 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the activity of amoxicillin, 2- to 8-fold more active than cefixime, and 16- to 64-fold more active than cefaclor and cephalexin. ninety percent of beta-lactamase-produci ... | 1988 | 3260766 |
| immunizing the children of the world: progress and prospects. | the expanded program on immunization was initiated by the world health organization in 1974. in 1984, the world bank, the un development program, the un children's fund, the world health organization, and the rockefeller foundation formed the task force for child survival, which, along with private and voluntary groups mobilizes support for the immunization program. with collaboration from the us centers for disease control, the world health organization has produced training materials for use ... | 1988 | 3264762 |
| can the case-control method be used to assess the impact of water supply and sanitation on diarrhoea? a study in the philippines. | this study had 2 objectives: 1) to determine whether a case-control approach is an effective measure for assessing the effect of improved sanitation on bacterial diarrhea, and 2) to assess the effects of environmental sanitation on diarrheal disease in cebu. the study took place during the warm, rainy months (july-september) of 1985. the study population consisted of 281 children under 2 who were treated at 1 of 16 clinics for diarrhea due to escherichia coli, salmonella, shigella, and vibrio ... | 1988 | 3264764 |
| effect of recent antibacterial agents against bacteria causing diarrhoea. | the susceptibility of 424 bacterial isolates causing diarrhoea were tested by agar dilution technique on mueller-hinton agar against amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. the bacterial species included were aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda, pleisomonas shigelloides, salmonella spp., shigella spp., vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus. the most active compounds were the fluorinated 4-quinolones ... | 1988 | 3266900 |
| enteropathogenicity of plesiomonas shigelloides by oral inoculation in adult conditioned rabbits. | to study presumptive diarrhoeagenic and invasive properties of plesiomonas shigelloides, adult conditioned rabbits (n = 75) were fed 10(10) cfu of 3 isolates (2 from diarrhoea patients and one from river water) of the organism, and one isolate of shigella sonnei (from a dysentery patient as positive control) or brain-heart infusion broth (as negative control). each rabbit received in succession i.v. cimetidine (50 mg/kg body weight), two 15 ml oral doses of 5% nahco3 at 15 and 30 minutes respect ... | 1988 | 3270456 |
| circulation flow of enteropathogenic bacteria in institutionalized children. i. an epidemiologic study. | the circulation flow and maintenance of enteropathogenic bacteria were studied from may 1982 to april 1983 in a population of institutionalized children and adult staff contacts in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. subjects were assigned to three groups: a and b, included, respectively, 105 and 46 children with diarrhea who were admitted in the institution in different periods, and group c with 82 adult contacts. faecal cultures were positive in 35.2%, 39.1% and 19.7% of subjects of groups a, ... | 1988 | 3271943 |
| shigellosis associated with recreational water contact in los angeles county. | an outbreak of shigellosis associated with swimming at a human-made lake during the labor day weekend occurred in los angeles county in 1985. sixty-eight persons had onset of diarrheal illness within 1 week following exposure at the recreational site. thirty-three of these cases were culture-confirmed as shigellosis (29 shigella sonnei, 4 shigella boydii). fifteen persons were hospitalized. illness was highly associated with water contact, specifically swallowing water while swimming (p less tha ... | 1988 | 3275140 |
| site of action of a vero toxin (vt2) from escherichia coli o157:h7 and of shiga toxin on eukaryotic ribosomes. rna n-glycosidase activity of the toxins. | the site of action of a vero toxin (vt2 or shiga-like toxin ii) from enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1 on eukaryotic ribosomes was studied. treatment of eukaryotic ribosomes with either toxin caused the release of a fragment of 400 nucleotides from 28s ribosomal rna when the isolated ribosomal rna was treated with aniline. release of this fragment with aniline treatment was accompanied by inhibition of protein synthesis and of elongation-factor-1-depe ... | 1988 | 3276522 |
| shigella bacteremia. | | 1988 | 3277577 |
| a basic replicon of virulence-associated plasmids of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli is homologous with a basic replicon in plasmids of incf groups. | shigella species and enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains carry a large (120- to 140-megadalton) plasmid called pinv, which contains genes essential for the invasiveness of these pathogens. hybridization with specific probes derived from the repfic and repfib replicons of the incf1 ent plasmid p307 showed that pinvs present in 35 clinical isolates are homologous with repfic but not repfib, regardless of the serogroup of the shigella or e. coli strain. repfic of p307, in turn, is very similar ... | 1988 | 3278983 |
| combined parenteral and oral immunization results in an enhanced mucosal immunoglobulin a response to shigella flexneri. | achieving a vigorous secretory immunoglobulin a (iga) response in intestinal secretions usually requires multiple doses of antigen given orally, while systemic immunity is more easily attained by parenteral immunization. this study examines the role of combined parenteral and oral immunizations to enhance the early mucosal immune response to an enteropathogen. we have used a chronically isolated intestinal-loop model in rabbits as a probe to monitor kinetically the initial (primary) local immune ... | 1988 | 3278985 |
| [elimination of various virulence plasmids by antibiotics]. | the pathogenicity of some enterobacteria is due to a plasmid encoding for outer membrane proteins or for toxins. the elimination of the plasmid gives a non-virulent strain. we have tried to eliminate plasmids encoding for the thermostable toxin of escherichia coli (plasmid pcsltl) or for the enteroinvasive property of shigella (plasmids pwr24, phw401, pwr110), of salmonella (plasmid psd6) and of yersinia (plasmids pyl4 and p4). the loss of plasmid was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis of ... | 1988 | 3279385 |
| tigemonam, an oral monobactam. | tigemonam is an orally administered monobactam. at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml it inhibited the majority of strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter diversus, proteus spp., providencia spp., aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella spp., shigella spp., serratia marcescens, and yersinia enterocolitica. at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml it inhibited haemophilus spp., neisseria spp., and branhamella catarrhalis. it did not inhibit pseudomonas spp. ... | 1988 | 3279906 |
| fatal shigellosis in a chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) in the jos zoo, nigeria. | shigellosis due to shigella dysenteriae was diagnosed in an adult male captive chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) which died suddenly after a brief recovery from illness lasting at least 3 wk. confirmatory diagnosis was based on postmortem examination and cultural isolation of shigella dysenteriae from the intestine, liver, lung, spleen and heart blood. | 1988 | 3280840 |
| quality of commercially produced shigella serogrouping and serotyping antisera. | shigella grouping antisera from five manufacturers and typing antisera from two were purchased and evaluated with homologous and heterologous shigella strains in the slide agglutination test. only 31 of 73 (42%) antisera were satisfactory. in many instances, the antisera gave negative, as opposed to weak, reactions when they should have given strong positive reactions. four reagents cross-reacted with shigella strains. of the 19 polyvalent grouping antisera to subgroups shigella dysenteriae sero ... | 1988 | 3281972 |
| identification of a chromosomal gene controlling temperature-regulated expression of shigella virulence. | genes required for the full expression of shigella virulence are on both the chromosome and a large virulence-associated plasmid. expression of one or more virulence (vir) genes is temperature-regulated, wild-type strains being virulent (invasive) when grown at 37 degrees c but phenotypically avirulent (noninvasive) at 30 degrees c. a vir::lac operon fusion located on the virulence plasmid, which brings the lac genes under control of a temperature-regulated vir gene promoter, was used to select ... | 1988 | 3282241 |
| reaction of anti-hla-b monoclonal antibodies with envelope proteins of shigella species. evidence for molecular mimicry in the spondyloarthropathies. | immunologic cross-reactivity between enteric bacteria and the hla-b27 protein may play a role in the etiology of reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis. the reactivity of two anti-b27 mab (b27m1 and b27m2) with envelope proteins of shigella flexneri isolated from reiter's syndrome patients was studied by western blot analysis. proteins with an apparent mr of approximately 36 and 23 kda reacted with both mab in ascites. mab against related hla class i ag b7 and b40 did not react with the 23 kda ... | 1988 | 3283236 |
| pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea: evidence for a developmentally regulated glycolipid receptor for shigella toxin involved in the fluid secretory response of rabbit small intestine. | shigella toxin reproduces the major manifestations of shigellosis in ligated intestinal loops from adult rabbits and binds to a microvillus membrane (mvm) glycolipid receptor, globotriaosylceramide (gb3). because neonatal human shigellosis is uncommon, we used the animal model for obtaining mvms from rabbits of different ages to determine the presence of toxin receptors and gb3 and to measure the fluid secretory response to toxin in ligated ileal loops. a single class of mvm receptors for 125i-l ... | 1988 | 3283253 |
| serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide and natural immunity to shigellosis in an israeli military population. | | 1988 | 3283258 |
| association of pathogens with the intestinal mucosa and the design of vaccines. | | 1988 | 3283533 |
| [isotypic characteristics of serum and secretory o antibodies and local immunological memory in the parenteral immunization of guinea pigs with a ribosomal shigella vaccine]. | guinea pigs were immunized subcutaneously with ribosomal vaccine prepared from s. sonnei and their systemic and local humoral response was studied by means of elisa techniques with the use of monospecific antisera to guinea pig iga and igg. injection of the ribosomal vaccine leads to a significant rise in the levels of iga o-antibodies in tears, igg and iga o-antibodies in the serum. the presence of iga o-antibodies in tears was seemingly the result of their local synthesis rather than the seepa ... | 1988 | 3284254 |
| [use of the reaction of macrophage disappearance from peritoneal exudate for characterizing cellular immunity in salmonella immunization]. | the test of macrophage disappearance from peritoneal exudate quite effectively shows the state of cell-mediated immunity in guinea pigs immunized with both live and killed s. typhimurium culture. the macrophages of the animals immunized with killed s. typhimurium culture react to the protein extract of these bacteria more actively than the macrophages of the animals immunized with killed s. sonnei cultures, which indicates the specificity of this test. | 1988 | 3284256 |
| clinical experience during a large shigella sonnei outbreak: when the "hoofbeats" were really "zebras". | | 1988 | 3285311 |
| a new simplified assay for evaluation of motile activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. | we studied the adaptation of a filtration instrument to an assay for cell migration experiments. the commercially available nuclepore filter holders were modified so that isolated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) were allowed to penetrate a porous filter membrane and to enter a compartment under the membrane. the total number of pmns which had passed the pores during an hour of incubation could be counted. in this way we carried out experiments using shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide a ... | 1988 | 3286487 |