| two-year survey of etiologic agents of diarrheal disease at san lazaro hospital, manila, republic of the philippines. | the prevalence of bacterial pathogens and rotavirus in 2,908 patients with diarrhea who were admitted to san lazaro hospital in manila in 1983 and 1984 was determined. one or more enteric pathogens were isolated or detected in samples from 1,698 (58.4%) patients. isolation rates for the various enteropathogens were as follows: rotavirus, 30.6%; shigella spp., 11.6%; salmonella spp., 9.2%; enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (1983 only), 7.8%; vibrio cholerae biotype eltor, 3.8%; non-o1 v. cholerae, ... | 1987 | 3038946 |
| [functional macrophage activity in infection with virulent and avirulent strains of the dysentery microbe]. | the effect of s. flexneri virulent and avirulent (vaccine) strains 2a on the cytoplasmic membrane of mouse macrophages has been studied by evaluating the action of these bacteria on the activity of 5-nucleotidase. the dynamics of the activity of 5-nucleotidase after the introduction of both virulent and avirulent strains has a phasic character with alternating rises and falls in the activity of this enzyme in comparison with the control. s. flexneri vaccine strain produces mainly a stimulating e ... | 1987 | 3039764 |
| evaluation with an iuc::tn10 mutant of the role of aerobactin production in the virulence of shigella flexneri. | to evaluate the role of aerobactin production in the virulence of shigella flexneri, a iuc::tn10 insertion mutant was obtained from strain m90t, a serotype 5 isolate. this mutant was tested for its ability to invade and kill hela cells in monolayers, to elicit keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs and to infect ligated segments of rabbit ileal loops. although this mutant did not grow in iron-depleted media, its ability to grow intracellulalry and eventually kill hela cells was unchanged from that ... | 1987 | 3040587 |
| localization of stx, a determinant essential for high-level production of shiga toxin by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, near pyrf and generation of stx transposon mutants. | hfr strains of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 were constructed by transient integration of an rp4 plasmid derivative carrying transposon tn501 into the shigella chromosome through tn501-mediated cointegration. the hfr strains were mated with escherichia coli k-12 recipients carrying various auxotrophic markers, and e. coli recombinants which had received prototrophic shigella genes were selected. some of the e. coli transconjugants produced high levels of a cytotoxin which was neutralized by bo ... | 1987 | 3040592 |
| shigella boydii and shigella sonnei: serotype and drug susceptibility patterns in addis ababa, ethiopia (1974-85). | | 1988 | 3042365 |
| leads from the mmwr. shigella dysenteriae type 1 in tourists to cancun, mexico. | | 1988 | 3043025 |
| the epidemiology of s. sonnei and s. flexneri in pima county, arizona: an exploratory study. | investigation of 189 cases of shigellosis reported to the pima county, arizona health department in 1986 revealed that 23 per cent of cases could be attributed to travel to mexico, and 10 per cent to day care attendees and their household contacts. no source of infection or high-risk activity could be demonstrated for 43 per cent of the cases. households in which s. flexneri occurred were more likely to be characterized by crowded living situations and to have no known source of infection. | 1988 | 3044149 |
| direct cytotoxic action of shiga toxin on human vascular endothelial cells. | to help explain a role of the shiga toxin family in hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans, it has been hypothesized that these toxins cause direct damage to the vascular endothelium. we now report that shiga toxin purified from shigella dysenteriae 1 does indeed have a direct cytotoxic effect on vascular endothelial cells in cultures. human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) in confluent monolayers were reduced 50% by 10(-8) m shiga toxin after a lag period of 48 to 9 ... | 1988 | 3044997 |
| isolation of shiga toxin-resistant vero cells and their use for easy identification of the toxin. | shiga toxin-resistant vero cells were isolated by treatment of the cells with nitrosoguanidine. these mutant cells were not affected by shiga toxin at more than 1 microgram/ml, although the parent vero cells were sensitive to 25 pg of the toxin per ml. immunofluorescence studies showed that all the mutant cells had lost toxin-binding capacity. the cytotoxic activities of various bacterial cultures against the parent and mutant cells were compared. all samples from 10 strains of shigella dysenter ... | 1988 | 3045003 |
| cloning and sequencing of a shiga-like toxin type ii variant from escherichia coli strain responsible for edema disease of swine. | a shiga-like toxin type ii variant (slt-iiv) is produced by strains of escherichia coli responsible for edema disease of swine and is antigenically related to shiga-like toxin type ii (slt-ii) of enterohemorrhagic e. coli. however, slt-iiv is only active against vero cells, whereas slt-ii is active against both vero and hela cells. the structural genes for slt-iiv were cloned from e. coli s1191, and the nucleotide sequence was determined and compared with those of other members of the shiga toxi ... | 1988 | 3045088 |
| congo red binding and salt aggregation as indicators of virulence in shigella species. | smooth strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei which form pigmented colonies (pcr+) on congo red agar were virulent in the sereny test. smooth variants unable to bind congo red (pcr-) were avirulent. measurements of dye uptake from solution showed that s. dysenteriae type 1 bound the most dye, followed in order of uptake by s. flexneri, s. boydii, and s. sonnei. using the salt aggregation test (sat) to determine cell surface hydrophobicity, ... | 1988 | 3045151 |
| clinical and microbiologic features of shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli infections detected by dna hybridization. | to determine the clinical and microbiologic features of shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) infections, we investigated 410 children with diarrhea and 410 control children without diarrhea who were seen at children's hospital, bangkok, thailand, from january to june 1985. shigella spp. were isolated from 96 (23%) and eiec were isolated from 17 (4%) of 410 children with diarrhea and from 12 (3%) and 6 (1%) of 410 control children, respectively. the isolation rates of both pathogen ... | 1988 | 3045152 |
| glycocalyx in virulent and avirulent strains of shigella flexneri. | | 1988 | 3045162 |
| [comparative analysis of the protein composition of the external membrane of a virulent strain of shigella sonnei and of genetically related avirulent bacteria]. | the outer membrane proteins of intact s. sonnei cells of a strain virulent in the keratoconjunctival test contain up to 24 polypeptides; one of them (with a molecular weight of about 70 kd) is absent in similar preparations of avirulent nonpenetrating shigellae in phase i, genetically related to the above strain. study of the composition of the outer membrane proteins of s. sonnei cells in phase ii has revealed that these cells, when compared with smooth bacteria, show qualitative and quantitati ... | 1988 | 3046187 |
| [mechanism of the nonspecific protective action of shigella antigens]. | the mechanism promoting the nonspecific action of antigens obtained from s. flexneri and s. sonnei by a sparing method has been studied. these antigens stimulate the t- and b- systems of immunity, that is followed by activation of myelopoiesis and the humoral protective factors of the body, which seems to underlie the formation of resistance to infection caused by nonspecific microorganisms. | 1988 | 3046195 |
| [effect of heparin on the pulmonary surfactant system in experimental studies]. | experiments were performed in 9 dogs and 20 rats. the effect of heparin (3-4 mg/kg of the body weight) on the lung surfactant was studied under conditions of bacterial endotoxic shock. heparin was found to decrease the surfactant content in lungs by 57.6% in intact animals, while under conditions of endotoxic shock by 92.2% as compared with the initial level. | 1988 | 3047967 |
| [lipid peroxidation in the pathogenetic and clinical aspects of infectious diseases]. | | 1988 | 3047989 |
| reactive arthritis associated with shigella sonnei infection. | several studies have failed to show an association between shigella sonnei dysentery and reactive arthritis. we describe 3 patients who had reactive arthritis and a recent or concurrent s sonnei infection. to our knowledge, this is only the second study to suggest this association. we propose that s sonnei should be considered as a triggering agent for reactive arthritis. | 1988 | 3048277 |
| the primary structure of the operons coding for shigella dysenteriae toxin and temperature phage h30 shiga-like toxin. | nucleotide(nt) sequences were determined for the toxin (sht) operon present in the chromosome of shigella dysenteriae 1 and for the shiga-like toxin (slt) operon found in the lambdoid phage h30 genome. the coding sequences of the sht and slt genes differ in 4 nt with 1 nt change responsible for an amino acid replacement. the deduced amino acid sequence in the a chain of the toxins is highly homologous to that of the a chain of ricin, a plant toxin. sht-coding mrnas were detected by mapping the 5 ... | 1988 | 3049254 |
| parenteral immunization with shigella ribosomal vaccine elicits local iga response and primes for mucosal memory. | the parenteral shigella ribosomal vaccine (srv), which previously was shown to protect guinea pigs and monkeys, has been compared with lypopolysaccharide (lps) for its ability to induce a systemic and a local immune response. injection of srv caused a significant rise of the serum o antibodies of different classes and the appearance of iga o antibodies in tears of guinea pigs and saliva and bile of monkeys. in guinea pigs, the local iga response to parenteral srv was much more intensive than tha ... | 1988 | 3049397 |
| dna probes to identify shiga-like toxin i- and ii-producing enteric bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with diarrhea in thailand. | when shigella species, escherichia coli, and five other bacterial enteric pathogens isolated from children with diarrhea in thailand were tested for hybridization under stringent conditions with probes for shiga-like toxins i and ii, only 30 shigella dysenteriae 1 hybridized with the shiga-like toxin i probe. | 1988 | 3049664 |
| deletion of the shiga toxin gene in a chlorate-resistant derivative of shigella dysenteriae type 1 that retains virulence. | we used a probe specific for detecting the structural-gene sequences of shiga toxin to analyze the genetic nature of toxin synthesis in mutant derivatives of shigella dysenteriae type 1. a chlorate-resistant (chl) mutant (725-78) of s. dysenteriae type 1 strain 3818t, which had retained virulence but had lost production of high levels of cytotoxic activity associated with shiga toxin synthesis, contained a complete deletion of the shiga toxin structural-gene sequences. these structural-gene sequ ... | 1988 | 3049838 |
| a single-base change in gene 10 of bacteriophage t7 permits growth on shigella sonnei. | bacteriophage t7 can extend its host range to include shigella sonnei d2 371-48 by a mutation called ss found in the t7 major capsid protein, the gene 10 product. we show that a single a-to-c transversion at position 23150 in the t7 genome is responsible for the t7 ss mutant phenotype that allows the phage to avoid dna degradation and undergo productive infection. the ss mutation causes an amino acid substitution of proline for glutamine at position 61 of the 344-amino-acid t7 major capsid prote ... | 1988 | 3050148 |
| [characteristics of the clinical picture and differential diagnosis of intestinal proteus infection from sonne dysentery and gastrointestinal salmonellosis]. | | 1988 | 3051659 |
| [differentiation of virulent strains of shigella and entero-invasive escherichia from their avirulent variants using modified indirect immunoenzyme analysis]. | the data obtained in this investigation confirm that the modified indirect enzyme immunoassay (eia) permits the differentiation of virulent bacteria of the genus shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia (group 1), regularly containing virulence plasmids with a molecular weight of 120-140 md, from their avirulent variants which have lost these plasmids (group 2). the ratio of the optic density (od) values of the positive control samples (the od of group 1) to the od values of the negative ones (th ... | 1988 | 3051808 |
| the persistence of shigella flexneri in the united states: increasing role of adult males. | the annual reported isolation rate of shigella flexneri decreased from 1964 to 1973, but has remained constant since then at 1 per 100,000. between 1975 and 1985, the median age of males from whom s. flexneri was isolated rose from 5 to 26 years. during this time, the isolation rate of s. flexneri rose more than five-fold among men, did not change in adult women, and decreased in children. by 1985, 23 per cent of reported s. flexneri isolates came from men aged 20-49. increased male homosexual t ... | 1988 | 3052115 |
| the epidemiology of shigellosis in israel. | analysis of shigella isolates referred for serotyping to the central shigella reference laboratory has revealed a slight predominance of s. sonnei (47%) over s. flexneri (44%) in israel. in female patients, the predominance of s. sonnei isolates was more accentuated (54 v. 37.5% for s. flexneri). on the other hand, an increased incidence of s. flexneri was observed in military personnel (59 v. 32% for s. sonnei), and even more so in the arab population (69 v. 19%). incidence peaked in summer (ju ... | 1988 | 3052334 |
| heat susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens. implications for the prevention of travelers' diarrhea. | the heat susceptibility of four bacterial enteropathogens in foods and water was studied to develop effective recommendations for travelers to regions where diarrheal diseases are important health problems. all enteropathogens tested survived well in foods stored at refrigerator temperature (4 degrees c), room temperature (25 degrees c), and 50 degrees c, which is too hot to touch. tap water had to be heated above 65 degrees c to reliably kill all bacterial enteropathogens. at 13 of the 14 touri ... | 1988 | 3052347 |
| development of dna probes for cytotoxin and enterotoxin genes in enteric bacteria. | dna probes to identify the genes encoding toxins in enteric bacteria have been developed. use of these probes reduces the number of animals required for toxicity testing, as suspect bacteria can be directly tested for the presence of toxin. we have augmented the gene probes available by developing probes against the escherichia coli enterotoxin ltii and shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1. the ltii gene from e. coli 357900 was identified and characterised and a suitable internal probe was ob ... | 1988 | 3053231 |
| antibody response to lipopolysaccharide antigen in shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection. | | 1988 | 3053437 |
| role of shiga toxin in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery, studied by using a tox- mutant of shigella dysenteriae 1. | a tox- mutant of shigella dysenteriae 1, sc501, was genetically engineered by cloning the shiga toxin operon, inserting a cassette into the a subunit gene, and exchanging this in vitro-mutagenized sequence with the wild-type gene. sc501 produced a low amount of residual cytotoxicity which was not neutralized by a rabbit immune serum directed against shiga toxin. invasion of cultured cells demonstrated that shiga toxin had no effect on the rate of intracellular growth of bacteria or on the rapid ... | 1988 | 3053452 |
| extraintestinal manifestations of shigellosis during an epidemic of bacillary dysentery in port blair, andaman & nicobar island (india). | | 1988 | 3053630 |
| shigella flexneri bacteraemia in post partum period. | | 1988 | 3053638 |
| plasmid analysis of shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolates obtained from widely scattered geographical locations. | plasmid profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 343 strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1, obtained from 18 different geographical locations, were analyzed. three plasmids, with molecular sizes of 140, 6, and 2 megadaltons (mda), were present in 94, 98, and 96%, respectively, of the 343 strains isolated during either epidemic or nonepidemic periods from 1965 to 1987. in addition to these plasmids, 83% of the strains harbored a 4-mda plasmid and 25% harbored a 20-mda plasmid. vario ... | 1988 | 3053762 |
| comparison of serum and fecal antibody responses of patients with naturally acquired shigella sonnei infection. | | 1988 | 3053924 |
| therapy for shigellosis. i. randomized, double-blind trial of nalidixic acid in childhood shigellosis. | we compared nalidixic acid, 55 mg/kg/day, with ampicillin, 100 mg/kg/day, both given orally for 5 days, in the treatment of children with dysentery caused by shigellosis. all patients entered into the study had illness of less than 72 hours' duration and no prior allopathic drug therapy. treatment was randomized and administered in double-blind fashion. patients initially treated with ampicillin who were infected with a shigella strain resistant to ampicillin were considered as a separate group ... | 1988 | 3054035 |
| [a case using plasmapheresis in treating infectious toxicosis in young infants]. | | 1988 | 3054796 |
| [a protective factor of ribosomal shigellosis vaccine]. | shigella ribosomal vaccine was shown previously to possess protective properties in the keratoconjunctival test on guinea pigs and to be capable of preventing experimental infection in 90% of challenged monkeys. the presence of the o-specific component (osc) constituting about 0.5% of the ribosomal preparation by serological activity suggested its importance for the protective effect. this was studied in experiments with two o-specific immunosorbents prepared by coupling anti-o rabbit antibodies ... | 1988 | 3055762 |
| [stability of shigella flexneri attenuated strain 2a 77 ade- rif-r after cultivation in a fermenter and lyophilization]. | the method for the cultivation of s. flexneri attenuated strain 2a 77 ade- rifr in a fermenter with the use of casein fermentative broth containing 200-250 mg% of amino nitrogen has been developed. no changes in the properties of the initial strain have been found after its cultivation in a fermenter or after the lyophilization of the cultures grown in a fermenter. after cultivation in casein fermentative broth with 100 mg% of amino nitrogen the presence of s-r dissociation has been established, ... | 1988 | 3055763 |
| determination of phage type, colicin type and plasmid profile in shigella sonnei. | complex typing was carried out of 33 shigella sonnei strains isolated in 1985 and 1986 one to six plasmids were carried by 32 strains typable by phages, whereas plasmid was not demonstrated in a phage-resistant strain. a 1.4 md plasmid was carried by all strains. by determining the plasmid profile the clonal connection between the strains could be demonstrated. strains assumed to be in clonal connection on the basis of phenotypic properties, were divided into subclones. identical plasmid profile ... | 1988 | 3055793 |
| high-level resistance to trimethoprim in shigella sonnei associated with plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductase type i. | by dna hybridization, the gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase type i was found in 58 of 59 highly trimethoprim-resistant clinical isolates of shigella sonnei obtained from 1981 through 1987 in madrid, spain. no strain harbored the type ii gene. in selected strains, the type i gene was demonstrated to be in a plasmid. | 1988 | 3056243 |
| [cytosine dna-methylase of a ssoii-type from shigella sonnei 47 cells]. | shigella sonnei 47 cells were found to contain dna-methylase ssoii which is a modifying component of the system of host specificity of ssoii. the recognition sequence (rs) of methylase ssoii is represented by a five-member palyndromic structure--5'...ccngg...3'--with a degenerated central nucleotide. modification of ssoii affords protection of acceptor dna not only from ssoii type restriction, but also from other restrictases, e. g., eco rii having an analogous rs but with a less degenerated cen ... | 1988 | 3056530 |
| anticytotoxin-neutralizing antibodies in immune globulin preparations: potential use in hemolytic-uremic syndrome. | the pathogenesis of primary (classic) hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) is thought to be related to cytotoxin-producing enteric pathogens such as shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and escherichia coli serotypes o157:h7 and 026:h11. the relevant cytotoxins include shiga toxin and the closely related shiga-like toxins (slts) produced by some e. coli strains. intravenously administered immune globulin (ivig) therapy has been reported to be beneficial in a few children with hus. we therefore examined co ... | 1988 | 3057156 |
| characterization of invasion plasmid antigen genes (ipabcd) from shigella flexneri. | the large invasion plasmid of shigella flexneri m9ot-w was used to generate recombinant plasmids carrying the ipaa, -b, -c, and -d genes, whose products are associated with the entry of the bacteria into colonic epithelial cells. complete dna sequences of ipab, -c, and -d were determined. the proteins predicted (62, 42, and 37 kda, respectively) from the nucleotide sequences lack a signal-peptide sequence. hydrophilic segments of the ipab and ipac proteins were found to overlap known epitopic do ... | 1988 | 3057506 |
| a shigellosis outbreak traced to commercially distributed shredded lettuce. | in the period august 30-october 7, 1986, 347 persons in adjacent west texas counties (ector and midland) contracted culture-confirmed shigella sonnei gastroenteritis. a case-control study showed an increased risk of acquiring shigellosis in ector county with eating at outlets of fast-food restaurant a, and in midland county with eating at restaurant b or c. a second case-control study, of persons who had eaten at ector county outlets of restaurant a, showed an increased risk of acquiring shigell ... | 1988 | 3057879 |
| molecular mechanisms of entry, intracellular multiplication and killing of host cells by shigellae. | | 1988 | 3058390 |
| persistent shigellosis. | shigella usually causes a self-limited infection which untreated lasts on average seven days (range one to 30 days). we report a patient who had persistent symptoms for 10 months caused by shigella flexneri which was finally identified on cultures from a rectal swab. | 1988 | 3058558 |
| affinity chromatography of reca protein and reca nucleoprotein complexes on reca protein-agarose columns. | we have analyzed the nature of reca protein-reca protein interactions using an affinity column prepared by coupling reca protein to an agarose support. when radiolabeled soluble proteins from escherichia coli are applied to this column, only the labeled reca protein from the extract was selectively retained and bound tightly to the affinity column. efficient binding of purified 35s-labeled reca protein required mg2+, and high salt did not interfere with the binding of reca protein to the column. ... | 1988 | 3058701 |
| transferable or mobilisable antibiotic resistance in shigella dysenteriae types 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 isolated in ethiopia during 1974-85. | a total of 199 shigella dysenteriae isolates resistant to one or more antibiotics and belonging to types 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 was examined by one-step broth mating with escherichia coli k12 and, if non-conjugative, additionally by triparental crosses with the conjugative plasmids x and delta. of the s. dysenteriae type 1 (shiga's bacillus) strains, 96% harboured conjugative plasmids. during 1974-79, isolates of shiga's bacillus carried conjugative plasmids coding for acssut (ampicillin, chloramph ... | 1988 | 3058982 |
| genetic determinants of shigella pathogenicity. | | 1988 | 3059992 |
| molecular basis of invasion of eucaryotic cells by shigella. | | 1988 | 3060008 |
| infections due to encapsulated bacteria, salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter. | bacterial infections occur often in hiv-infected patients. defects in both cell-mediated and humoral immunity are associated with an increased frequency of infections due to encapsulated and enteric bacteria. pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and other pathogens may occur early in the course of aids and have typical clinical presentations. bacteremia is extremely common, and patients frequently fail to develop protective elevations in specific antibodies follo ... | 1988 | 3060531 |
| [etiologic structure of bacterial dysentery in the ussr in 1983-1985]. | the etiological structure of dysentery in the ussr in 1983-1985 is characterized. sonne dysentery was found to prevail in the territories with adequate water supply, while dysentery caused by shigella flexneri prevailed at the territories with unsatisfactory water supply. s. dysenteriae and s. boydii were found to play a limited role in the etiology of dysentery. in the presence of global pandemic, an increase in the isolation rate of s. dysenteriae i in the ussr is observed. the data on the bio ... | 1988 | 3061262 |
| a 13c-n.m.r. study of some shigella flexneri o-polysaccharides. | 13c-n.m.r. data for some shigella flexneri o-polysaccharides are reported. it is concluded that the chemical shifts observed for the linear shigella flexneri type y o-polysaccharide are similar to those calculated by adding substituent shifts, obtained from disaccharides with similar stereochemistry around the glycosidic linkage, to the chemical shifts for the monomers. the influence of substitution with alpha-d-glucopyranosyl and/or o-acetyl groups in different positions of this polysaccharide ... | 1988 | 3061647 |
| dna fingerprinting of conjugative plasmids incompatible with r6k (incx). | 14 conjugative plasmids originated from different bacterial hosts and geographical sources were identified as members of the incompatibility group incx with r6k as the reference plasmid. in spite of their close genetic relatedness (transfer and incompatibility properties), their molecular sizes ranged between 39 and 77 kb and dna fingerprinting with endonucleases such as ecori, ecorv, bamhi, bgli, bglii, psti and sali revealed a great variety of fragment patterns. | 1988 | 3062164 |
| [use of antibacterial drugs in shigella sonnei infections in childhood]. | | 1988 | 3062230 |
| [pathogenetic significance of virulence-associated genes in shigella flexneri]. | | 1988 | 3063851 |
| [electron microscopic study of the interaction of virulent and avirulent shigella flexneri strains with the macrophages of murine peritoneal exudate]. | the electron microscopic dynamic study of the interaction of s. flexneri virulent strain 2a and s. flexneri avirulent strain, genetically related to strain 2a and having the same antigenic structure, with peritoneal macrophages of cba mice at an early period showed differences in the cytotoxic action of these strains. even at the early period of the interaction between macrophages and virulent shigellae structural changes were observed in macrophages: ruptures in the membranes of parasitophore p ... | 1988 | 3064506 |
| [scientific bases of epidemiologic surveillance of intestinal infections]. | | 1988 | 3064508 |
| [the world-wide pandemic and drug resistance of the causative agent of grigor'ev-shiga dysentery]. | one of the factors facilitating the global pandemic of grigor'ev-shiga dysentery is considered in detail. all shigella dysenteriae 1 strains, irrespective of the geographical zone of their spread, showed medicinal resistance. as pandemic developed, the spectrum of medicinal resistance constantly increased in all hyperendemic foci. the presence of pronounced relationships between the strains circulating in each of three hyperendemic foci and the strains circulating in different hyperendemic foci ... | 1988 | 3064514 |
| penetrability of ofloxacin into cultured epithelial cells and macrophages. | it is well known that the penetration of drugs into host cells is the minimal requirement to exhibit their efficacy against infections with intracellular bacteria. thus the penetrability of new quinolones including ofloxacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin was evaluated by comparing their intracellular and extracellular activities by the use of cell infection systems in vitro. it was evidenced that the new quinolones tested were penetrable into both epithelial cells and macrophages, however, oflo ... | 1988 | 3066365 |
| serological response to plasmid-encoded antigens in children and adults with shigellosis. | the immunological response to plasmid-encoded antigens of virulent shigella was determined in thai children less than 4 yr of age and in thai adults by immunoblot analysis and elisa. forty-two percent (8/19) of thai children and 4% (1/22) of thai adults with shigellosis developed a greater than or equal to 4-fold rise in igg antibody titer to water-extracted antigens of shigella flexneri m90t by elisa (p = 0.006). two children and one lactating mother with shigellosis developed a 4-fold rise in ... | 1988 | 3066570 |
| [characteristics of the course of acute dysentery in a 5-year-old child complicated 3 times by intestinal invagination]. | | 1988 | 3067205 |
| role of enteroinvasive e. coli in acute invasive diarrhea. | | 1988 | 3068132 |
| antibiotic sensitivity pattern of enteric pathogens. | | 1988 | 3068134 |
| rose spots associated with enteric fever secondary to shigella sonnei. | | 1988 | 3068166 |
| shiga toxin as inhibitor of protein synthesis. | | 1988 | 3068485 |
| selective destruction of vagal sensory neurons using shigella cytotoxin. | | 1988 | 3068486 |
| [modifying methylase ssoi from shigella sonnei 47 cells]. | a simple and fast method for isolation and purification of ssoi methylase from the bacterial strain shigella sonnei 47 has been proposed. the enzyme is a modifying component of host cell specificity system and protects the acceptor dna from hydrolysis by restriction endonucleases ssoi and ecori. the method is based on the hydrophobic chromatography of ammonium sulphate fraction on the phenylsepharose. the enzyme preparation obtained is devoid of specific and nonspecific endonucleases traces and ... | 1988 | 3068540 |
| [epidemiologic aspects of dysentery caused by shigella sonnei in suwałki and suwałki province 1986]. | | 1988 | 3068706 |
| management and prevention of bacterial diarrhea. | the etiology, pathogenesis, transmission and communicability, diagnosis, and management of infectious diarrhea are reviewed. infectious diarrhea is common in both industrialized and unindustrialized areas of the world. better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis and identification of "new" enteric pathogens has resulted in the use of a variety of drugs to relieve symptoms or to effect a clinical cure. both host and microbial virulence factors are key in the acquisition of diarrheal ill ... | 1988 | 3069286 |
| bacterial-induced diarrhoea. | in diverse parts of the world, many bacterial strains have been recognised as the causative agents of diarrhoea. great achievements have been made in perceiving the varied mechanisms which explain their intestinal pathogenicity. these achievements include the elucidation of the 5 mechanisms of disease production by escherichia coli, the mechanisms of action of shigella, salmonella, campylobacter and yersinia, new information about antimicrobial-associated colitis caused by clostridium difficile ... | 1988 | 3069445 |
| genetic relatedness of the basic replicon of the virulence plasmid in shigellae and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. | the regions required for replication (rep) and for stable maintenance (stb) of the 230 kilobase virulence plasmid, pmysh6000, in shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000 were identified on the restriction enzyme sa/l fragments, c and o, respectively. the stable plasmid, pmysh6610, consisting of adjacent fragments c and o was found to belong to the incompatibility group fl. in all strains of shigellae and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) tested, virulence plasmids were found to be highly homologous wit ... | 1988 | 3070262 |
| identity of molecular structure of shiga-like toxin i (vt1) from escherichia coli o157:h7 with that of shiga toxin. | the primary structures of the a and b subunits of shiga toxin and of shiga-like toxin i (vt1), isolated from the culture supernatants of shigella dysenteriae 1 and escherichia coli o157:h7, respectively, were analyzed by edman degradation of intact proteins and peptides in their digests with trypsin or achromobacter protease i and also by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the digests. the results indicated that the a and b subunits of shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin i have the same pri ... | 1988 | 3070268 |
| [the importance of secondary immune deficiencies in the pathogenesis of dysentery]. | some immunity indices were studied in patients with acute dysentery. the number of total and active t-lymphocytes, t mu- and t gamma-cells, t-rabbit, t-staphylococcal, b-total and b-lymphocytes forming rosettes with mouse erythrocytes were determined for assessment of the immune status. changes in the above indices with relation to the severity of the disease were noted. suppression of the t- and b-systems of immunity were noticeable in patients with a severe and lingering course of disease. del ... | 1988 | 3070808 |
| [free-radical oxidation of blood plasma lipids in patients with acute intestinal infections]. | blood plasma free radical lipid oxidation was studied in 98 patients with acute dysentery (ad) and 64 patients with food toxinfection (fti). free radical lipid oxidation was assessed by the intensity of chemiluminescence and the level of lipid peroxides. activation of blood plasma lipid peroxidation was established with relation to a clinical variant of the disease. the effect of indomethacin on the parameters of free radical lipid oxidation was noted in patients with ad and fti. | 1988 | 3070810 |
| a small nonconjugative plasmid encoded for streptomycin-resistant character in shigella dysenteriae. | conjugative transfers of drug-resistant plasmids in shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolated from the epidemic in west bengal were unsuccessful. the plasmids were non-transmissible in spite of having the fertility factor f, genetically labelled with kanamycin-resistant transposon tn903 (pws 7). a small 2.5 kb nonconjugative plasmid encoded for the streptomycin-resistant character. cured plasmid-less strains of s. dysenteriae 1 showed resistance to sulfonamides. | 1988 | 3071516 |
| nucleotide sequence of the invasion plasmid antigen b and c genes (ipab and ipac) of shigella flexneri. | the nucleotide sequence of a 4.8 kilobase (kb) hindiii fragment from pwr100, the virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri 5, was determined and analysed. this fragment encodes polypeptides b (62 kilodalton, kd) and c (43 kd) which have already been described as two of the four immunogenic polypeptides of shigellae. the nucleotide sequence revealed that in addition to the ipab and ipac genes encoding polypeptides b and c, a third complete open reading frame was found within the fragment. the gene, ... | 1988 | 3071655 |
| [dysentery caused by shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. diagnosis by dna/dna hybridization]. | | 1988 | 3071982 |
| chronic shigella infection in an hiv seropositive patient--ontario. | | 1988 | 3072101 |
| outbreak of shigella flexneri in a nursing home--alberta. | | 1988 | 3072103 |
| plasmid mediated drug resistance in shigella flexneri serotypes 1-6 during 1974-85. | | 1988 | 3072296 |
| [effect of the conditions for dynamic homogeneous batch stab cultivation on the reproductive process in shigella sonnei bacteriophages]. | the use of the bacterial population, exponentially multiplying in the newly developed cultivation process, ensures the optimum conditions for the dynamic batch cultivation of s. sonnei bacteriophages. the yield of bacteriophage biomass has been found to depend on the concentration of bacterial cells, the oxygen saturation of the medium and the concentration of glucose and amino acids in the medium. | 1988 | 3072805 |
| [an analysis of distribution of shigella groups for thirty-seven years (1949-1985) in china]. | | 1988 | 3073017 |
| [total nucleotide sequence of plasmid pkym and its replication origin]. | | 1988 | 3073212 |
| [evaluation of selective properties of mac conkey's medium enriched with potassium tellurite for growing shigella and yersinia strains]. | | 1988 | 3073281 |
| shigellemia in an infant with intractable diarrhea. | | 1988 | 3074059 |
| shigella. | shigella strains capable of producing illness possess a 140 megadalton plasmid that determines its property of epithelial cell penetration. in the classic presentation, there is a descending intestinal tract infection beginning with the passage of small numbers of large-volume stools and progressing to the passage of many small-volume stools that contain blood and mucus. shigellae are efficiently transmitted to contacts in person-to-person spread and only 200 viable cells are sufficient to produ ... | 1988 | 3074117 |
| [separation of shigella enterotoxin and immunosuppression factors]. | | 1988 | 3074243 |
| [infantile shigella infections in region ix]. | | 1988 | 3075065 |
| invasiveness testing on different cell lines for shigella and enteroinvasive e. coli strains. | | 1988 | 3075448 |
| effect of fermentation of ghanaian maize dough on the survival and proliferation of 4 strains of shigella flexneri. | fermented and non-fermented ghanaian maize dough was seeded with approximately 10(7) colony forming units of 4 strains of shigella flexneri which had been isolated from patients with dysentery. in the non-fermented maize dough (ph 6.2) the shigellae were detectable in large numbers for up to 24 h after exposure. in the maize dough that had been fermented for 3 d (ph 3.2) 3 strains were detectable in small numbers for up to 6 h after inoculation. thereafter none was isolated. the fourth strain, t ... | 1988 | 3076718 |
| a two-year study of enteric infections associated with diarrhoeal diseases in children in urban somalia. | a hospital-based systematic sample of 1667 children with severe diarrhoeal disease was studied in mogadishu, somalia, throughout 1983 and 1984. one or more enteric pathogens were found in 61% of the patients. rotavirus (25%), enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (11%), shigella spp. (9%), aeromonas hydrophila (9%), giardia lamblia trophozoites (8%), campylobacter jejuni (8%), and vibrio cholerae non-o1 (6%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. age-specific detection rates of enteric pathog ... | 1988 | 3076719 |
| antibiotic resistance among shigella species isolated in tehran, iran. | a study of adult patients with gastroenteritis was carried out over an 18-month period from march 1984 until august 1985, with the aim of detecting shigella species and studying their antibiotic resistance pattern. two thousand four hundred and eighteen stool specimens were examined and 230 isolations of shigella were made, a detection rate of 9.5%. of the 230 isolates, 61.2% were found to be sh. flexneri, and resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline was extreme ... | 1988 | 3077023 |
| [shigellae as an immunosuppressive factor]. | | 1986 | 3077429 |
| plasmid profile as a useful marker of a shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain causing an epidemic of shigellosis. | plasmid profiles of 60 shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolates obtained during an epidemic period (april - october 1983) were compared with that of 74 other shigella species isolated during the same period of time and also with that of 20 s. dysenteriae type 1 isolates obtained before the epidemic period (1969 - 1982). all samples were collected during an epidemic of shigellosis from diarrhoeal patients being treated at the dhaka treatment centre of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease r ... | 1988 | 3077946 |
| aetiologic agents of diarrhoeal diseases in hospitalised children in rawalpindi, pakistan. | the causes of diarrhoea were diagnosed in 250 children and 250 controls, a sample of 3,500 children who reported to the rawalpindi general hospital, pakistan between may 1983 and april 1984. the pathogens identified in children with diarrhoea were enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) (43.2%), enterotoxigenic e. coli (14%), rotavirus (9.6%), shigella spp (3.6%), salmonella spp (3.2%) and giardia lamblia (1.2%). mixed infections were found in 2.4% of patients. the following pathogens were dete ... | 1988 | 3077947 |
| plasmid profile analysis as a tool for characterization of epidemic shigella sonnei strains. | the usefulness of plasmid profile analysis as a marker to determine the strain number of shigella sonnei implicated in an epidemic outbreak and its prevalency in our community was studied. we could define two multirresistant strains and determine that the drug resistance was plasmid mediated in both. one strain carried a tra- plasmid which encoded (sm, sd)r, the other one carried two tra+ plasmids which encoded (ap-cb, sm, sd)r and (sm, km-nm, sd, tp)r respectively. these strains and some coisol ... | 1986 | 3078141 |
| [beef-extract agar with sodium nucleinate as a medium for storage and stabilization of biological properties of shigella]. | | 1986 | 3078175 |
| [frequency of pathogenic enterobacteria in infantile diarrheic processes in the city of recife, pernambuco, brazil]. | 326 samples of diarrheal feces obtained from children whose ages ranged from zero to 5 years, admitted in two rehydration hospitals in the city of recife, pernambuco, were analyzed. feces were placed in cary-blair medium (4 degrees c) for shipment to the laboratory. there was no difference in the rate of bacteria isolation if the samples were analyzed within the period from 3 to 7 days of collection. 19.02% of the analyzed samples were positives for at least one of the searched bacteria, 26 salm ... | 1988 | 3078349 |