| endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats: morphological and biochemical study. | inflammation induced by systemic injection of endotoxin can be a good model for endogenous uveitis since ocular inflammation is induced without manipulating the eye. we carried out morphological and biochemical studies in lewis rats to evaluate the breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier following injection of endotoxin (1 mg/rat) in footpads. vasodilation was observed as early as 3 hours and became maximum at 18-24 hours after the injection. unlike in the eye, no inflammatory changes were observe ... | 1988 | 2853240 |
| in vitro activity of azithromycin (cp-62,993), a novel macrolide, against enteric pathogens. | azithromycin (cp-62,993 [9-deoxy-9a-methyl-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin]) is a novel macrolide antimicrobial. in this study the in vitro activity of cp-62,993 has been determined against selected enteropathogens, including clostridium difficile, and compared with that of erythromycin. mics were determined using an agar incorporation technique in mueller-hinton medium, containing saponin-lysed horse blood at a final concentration of 10% v/v, with an inoculum of 10(4) cfu. cp-62,993 was considerably ... | 1988 | 2854515 |
| [bacterial, rotavirus and mixed etiologies of diarrhea in children]. | | 1988 | 2854908 |
| nalidixic-acid-resistant shigella dysenteriae i. | | 1985 | 2858035 |
| frequency among enterobacteriaceae of the dna sequences encoding type 1 pili. | type 1 pili, characterized by mannose-inhibitable agglutination of fowl or guinea pig erythrocytes, have been found throughout the family enterobacteriaceae. a radiolabeled probe was prepared from a restriction endonuclease-digested fragment of the escherichia coli pil operon and used to detect homologous dna sequences in 236 bacteria representing 11 genera of enterobacteriaceae. only isolates identified as e. coli or shigella spp. exhibited homology. in contrast, mannose-sensitive hemagglutinat ... | 1985 | 2859271 |
| chemotaxis by entamoeba histolytica. | a micropore membrane procedure to assay taxis by entamoeba histolytica is described and the results of studies of responses to a variety of soluble substances, bacteria, an rat colon washings using this procedure are reported. trophozoites migrated in blind well chambers through 8-micron pore size polycarbonate membranes but not nitrocellulose membranes up to 12 micron pore size. amoebae were attracted toward fresh axenic culture medium (tyi-s), an enzymatic hydrolysate of casein (trypticase), a ... | 1985 | 2861283 |
| epidemic shiga bacillary dysentery in rangoon, burma, 1984/85. | | 1985 | 2861376 |
| infectious diarrhea. pathogenesis and risk factors. | our understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious, especially bacterial, diarrhea has increased dramatically. new etiologic agents, mechanisms, and diseases have become known. for example, escherichia coli serogroup o157 is now known to cause acute hemorrhagic colitis. also, e. coli serogroups that produce shiga toxin are recognized as etiologic agents in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the production of bacterial diarrhea has two major facets, bacterial-mucosal interaction and the induction of ... | 1985 | 2861742 |
| evidence against putrescine and polyamines as endogenous mediators of fever. | endogenous concentrations of putrescine, spermidine, spermine and related biosynthetic enzymes were not affected by the administration of bacterial endotoxin and the subsequent development of fever in rabbits. in addition, the febrile response to endotoxin was unaffected either by the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine or by putrescine. these data indicate polyamines are not involved in the development of fever. | 1985 | 2862252 |
| [pathogenesis, clinical aspects and diagnosis of the most important enteric bacterial diseases in animals]. | there are adhesive and invasive species among enteropathogenic bacteria for animals. most frequently isolated adhesive bacteria are enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec). salmonella, t. hyodysenteriae, m. paratuberculosis, y. enterocolitica, cl. perfringens and c. jejuni bacteria represent the most important invasive germs. the main clinical finding connected with bacterial enteritis is diarrhoea resp. dysentery. evaluation of feces consistency, time of appearance and accompanying symptoms (e.g. fever, ... | 1985 | 2862716 |
| [etiology of acute infantile gastroenteritis in gabon]. | rotaviruses are the main etiology of acute diarrhoeas in gabonese children (11 to 30% according to age). salmonellae (11.4%), shigellae (7.1%) and e. histolytica (7.1%), isolated or associated with enterobacteria, e. coli (3%), giardia and strongyloides stercoralis (1.4%), yersinia enterocolitica (1%) and balantidium coli (0.5%) were also found, without cholera. | 1985 | 2863005 |
| multiresistant shigella infections in bangladesh. | | 1985 | 2863461 |
| iga response during accidental infection with shigella flexneri. | | 1985 | 2863666 |
| two distinct toxins active on vero cells from escherichia coli o157. | | 1985 | 2864594 |
| multiresistant shigella dysenteriae type 1. | | 1985 | 2865444 |
| a non-radioactive dna probe to identify shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli in stools of children with diarrhoea. | a non-radioactive biotinylated dna probe was constructed to detect shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec). specimens were examined with the biotinylated probe after removing streptavidin-binding glycoproteins with proteinase k. both biotinylated and radioactive probes detected 125 pg of target-cell dna after hybridisation for 24 h and exposure to indicator dyes or x-ray film for 4 h. both probes hybridised with 52 eiec and none of 16 non-eiec examined; they also hybridised with stoo ... | 1985 | 2865570 |
| improved medium for isolating shigella. | | 1986 | 2868279 |
| [effect of histamine and h1-receptor blockaders on bacterial endotoxin-induced thrombocyte aggregation]. | histamine and dimedrol exerted in vitro inhibitory effects on endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation. when administered at high concentrations pyrilamine potentiated aggregating influence of endotoxin. the experimental results indicate difference in effects of dimedrol and pyrilamine falling into the same group of h1-blockers in relation to induced platelet aggregation. | 1986 | 2872081 |
| potent antagonism of escherichia coli, bacteroides ovatus, fusobacterium varium, and enterococcus faecalis, alone or in combination, for enteropathogens in anaerobic continuous flow cultures. | interactions between representative strains of four predominant resident bacteria of the human colon, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, bacteroides ovatus, and fusobacterium varium, and strains of seven enteropathogens, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae serogroup non o1, staphylococcus aureus, and clostridium perfringens, were examined in studies with an anaerobic continuous flow culture system and medium resembling th ... | 1986 | 2875188 |
| [enteropathogens in travellers returning from the tropics]. | diarrhea is not only the most common health hazard during travel in the tropics but also the most frequent condition which prompts returning travellers to see a physician. the prevalence of bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens in people attending our outpatient department after returning from the tropics has been studied and the laboratory results of stool examinations have been compared with clinical symptoms. of the 173 persons enrolled, 19 (11%) harboured bacterial pathogens and pathogenic ... | 1986 | 2875520 |
| the detection of enteropathogens in acute diarrhea in a family cohort population in rural egypt. | in 8 villages of rural northeastern egypt, a 2-year study of the etiologic agents associated with episodes of diarrhea was carried out. stool specimens (3,243) from 3,513 episodes of diarrhea were processed for enteropathogens. the most commonly identified agents in the group with diarrhea were giardia lamblia (44%), heat stable enterotoxin (st)-producing enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) (15%), heat labile toxin (lt)-producing etec (12%), enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) (4%), rotavirus (3 ... | 1986 | 2876656 |
| longitudinal study of diarrhoeal disease in a peri-urban community in manaus (amazon-brazil). | a 20-month longitudinal study of diarrhoeal disease was carried out in a poor peri-urban community of manaus (amazon-brazil), and the attack rate of this disease ranged from 0.2 to 4.8 episodes of diarrhoea per person per year. the age group most affected was 0 to 35 months old. a probable aetiological agent was identified in 68 of the 110 faecal samples collected. the most frequent enteropathogens isolated were enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and giardia lamblia. enterotoxigenic escherichia co ... | 1986 | 2878647 |
| media for isolating shigella. | | 1987 | 2881104 |
| differences in adhesiveness among type 1 fimbriate strains of enterobacteriaceae revealed by an in vitro hep2 cell adhesion model. | ten type 1 fimbriate strains of enterobacteriaceae were examined in an in vitro adhesion assay with hep2 epithelial cells. the range of hep2 cell adhesiveness, which was characteristic for each strain, was affected by motility, type 1 fimbriation and production of mannose sensitive haemagglutinin. nevertheless, not all type 1 fimbriate strains adhered well in this model. the findings are discussed with regard to the possibility that different type 1 fimbriate enterobacteria, though all are manno ... | 1986 | 2881915 |
| the papg protein is the alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-beta-d-galactopyranose-binding adhesin of uropathogenic escherichia coli. | uropathogenic escherichia coli adhere to uroepithelial cells by their digalactoside alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-beta-d-galactopyranose [alpha-d-galp-(1----4)-beta-d-galp or gal alpha (1----4)gal]-binding pili, which are composed of repeating identical subunits. the major subunit (papa) of these pili is not required for binding, but the papf and papg gene products are essential for adhesion. transcomplementation analysis between the pap gene cluster and a related gene cluster encoding a dif ... | 1987 | 2886993 |
| plasmid-mediated resistance to nalidixic acid in shigella dysenteriae type 1. | in an epidemic of shigellosis in southern bangladesh the causal organism, shigella dysenteriae type 1, was resistant to nalidixic acid as well as to co-trimoxazole (trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole) and ampicillin. the genes coding for resistance to nalidixic acid, but not those coding for resistance to co-trimoxazole or ampicillin, are located on a conjugative 20 megadalton plasmid. this epidemic is of particular importance because of the resistance to nalidixic acid, an antibiotic to which shigel ... | 1987 | 2887725 |
| outbreak of shigella sonnei dysentery on a long stay psychogeriatric ward. | a ward outbreak of diarrhoea associated with shigella sonnei on a long stay psychogeriatric ward is described. nine patients and three staff had positive stool cultures for s. sonnei. the source of infection of the index case was not discovered. environmental factors at ward level which predispose long stay hospitals to such outbreaks are discussed. | 1987 | 2888815 |
| bacterial diarrhoea and treatment. | | 1988 | 2893218 |
| travelers' diarrhea in west africa and mexico: fecal transport systems and liquid bismuth subsalicylate for self-therapy. | the goals of this study were threefold: to compare the etiology of travelers' diarrhea in west africa and mexico, to evaluate two fecal transport systems for the recovery of enteropathogens, and to verify the efficacy of liquid bismuth subsalicylate (bss) in different locations and under different entrance criteria for disease severity. the study populations consisted of 133 european tourists in west africa and 112 american students in mexico who had suffered from travelers' diarrhea. in 60% and ... | 1988 | 2896219 |
| clinical impact of drug resistance. | | 1988 | 2896697 |
| comparison of teknaf enteric agar and macconkey/salmonella-shigella agar in evaluation of shigella infection. | | 1988 | 2896983 |
| shigella diarrhoea and treatment. | | 1988 | 2898650 |
| in vitro susceptibility of diarrhoea producing gram negative enteric bacteria to sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, sulfapyridine and four quinolones. brief report. | the in vitro susceptibility of diarrhoea producing gram negative enteric bacteria to sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, sulfapyridine and four quinolones was investigated using an agar dilution method. all strains were resistant to 1600 micrograms/ml of sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid. mic range of sulfapyridine for y. enterocolitica was 3.1-25 micrograms/ml (median:6.2) and for salmonella 25-100 micrograms/ml (median: 100) campylobacter jejuni/coli were less susceptible to sulfapyrid ... | 1988 | 2899438 |
| diagnosis and management of dysentery by community health workers. | to develop guidelines for community health workers in the treatment of patients with diarrhoea, diarrhoea prevalence was actively surveyed for a year in a remote rural community of 915,000 persons, and the enteric pathogens and clinical features associated with diarrhoeal illness were determined in a sample of 300 patients. bloody diarrhoea accounted for 39% of all diarrhoea episodes and 62% of diarrhoea-associated deaths. 51 (50%) of 101 patients with a history of bloody diarrhoea had shigella ... | 1988 | 2900931 |
| dysentery due to multiresistant shiga bacillus in rural iran. | | 1988 | 2902359 |
| nalidixic-acid resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in eastern india. | | 1988 | 2902361 |
| clinical, microbiological and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of diarrhoea in korem, ethiopia. | two hundred patients with diarrhoea in a rehabilitation camp in ethiopia were studied in october 1985 to determine the presence of pathogens in the stool and their susceptibility to antibiotics. a total of 42 (21.1%) patients had a positive culture with enterobacteriaceae, the isolation rate was 15.6% for escherichia coli, 3.5% for shigella spp. and 2.01% for salmonella spp. in-vitro antibiotic resistance was frequent among the 42 isolates: 53% of e. coli strains were found to be resistant to am ... | 1988 | 2905012 |
| antimicrobial properties of methdilazine and its synergism with antibiotics and some chemotherapeutic agents. | the antihistamine methdilazine (md) was found to possess a significantly high antibacterial action when tested against 367 strains of bacteria belonging to both gram-positive and gram-negative genera. different groups of bacteria could be arranged in order of their decreasing sensitivity towards md as follows: s. aureus, v. cholerae, e. coli and shigella. the range of minimum inhibitory concentration (micrograms/ml) varied between 25 and 200 in most cases, although few strains were sensitive eve ... | 1988 | 2905130 |
| bordetella parapertussis invasion of hela 229 cells and human respiratory epithelial cells in primary culture. | bordetella parapertussis, a respiratory tract pathogen commonly regarded as noninvasive, was found to invade hela 229 cell monolayers. following treatment of the monolayers with gentamicin, numbers of viable b. parapertussis recovered were comparable to those of invasive salmonella and shigella isolates. invasion occurs through a cytochalasin-sensitive process which appears to be distinct from receptor-mediated endocytosis. hyperimmune antisera raised against filaments hemagglutinin, a major adh ... | 1989 | 2925250 |
| in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin compared with other agents against recent hospital isolates. | ciprofloxacin's in vitro activity was tested against 385 hospital isolates originating from three geographically distinct regions. of all strains tested, only three (1 acinetobacter sp. and 2 pseudomonas aeruginosa) were ciprofloxacin resistant. ciprofloxacin was more active against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, acinetobacter sp., proteus sp., shigella sp. than gentamicin, mezlocillin and cefotaxime. it was more active than azlocillin and cefsulodin against p. a ... | 1986 | 2939966 |
| [risk factors in the epidemiology of dysentery]. | the general tendency of a decrease in the morbidity rates of dysentery induced by shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri (separately) from monday to the end of the week (saturday-sunday) has been revealed, and at the same time the "infection risk" for both kinds of salmonellosis has been found to fall on the last days of the week (friday-sunday). | 1986 | 2940778 |
| the comparative in vitro activity of twelve 4-quinolone antimicrobials against enteric pathogens. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of twelve 4-quinolone antimicrobials were determined for salmonella typhi (25), salmonella spp. (50), shigella spp. (50), campylobacter jejuni (100), vibrio cholerae (10), vibrio parahaemolyticus (10), yersinia enterocolitica (25), aeromonas hydrophila (25) and plesiomonas shigelloides (10). mics were determined using an agar dilution technique in mueller-hinton agar (oxoid, england) supplemented with 10% lysed horse blood. antibiotic containing plate ... | 1985 | 2941257 |
| ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial diarrhea: a double blind study. | in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial 50 adult patients with acute diarrhea received either 500 mg ciprofloxacin b.i.d. or a placebo for five days. results were evaluated in 21 patients in the ciprofloxacin group (10 with salmonella spp., 11 with campylobacter jejuni) and 25 patients in the placebo group (16 with salmonella spp., 5 with campylobacter jejuni, 4 with shigella spp.). the duration of fever in patients treated with ciprofloxacin was 1.5 days versus 2.3 days in the p ... | 1986 | 2941290 |
| [relationship of the pkmr plasmids detected in shigella circulating in the krasnodar territory to incompatibility groups]. | shigella strains showed that in 43.9 per cent of the strains this feature was controlled by conjugative r plasmids. on the whole these were the plasmids allotting the bacterial cell with resistance simultaneously to smtccm (37.1 per cent) and smtc (17.1 per cent). the plasmids with other phenotypes were less frequent: smapcm, 11.4 per cent, tcapcm, 8.6 per cent; smtcapcm, 8.6 per cent; tc, 8.6 per cent; sm, 2.9 per cent; cm, 2.9 per cent and tccm, 2.9 per cent. the incompatibility groups of 19 p ... | 1986 | 2945511 |
| [seasonality of sonne dysentery among organized and unorganized groups of children in years with different morbidity levels]. | differences in the monthly distribution of morbidity in sonne dysentery among children of preschool age in children's institutions and among those not attending such institutions have been revealed. in years characterized by a high morbidity level, the epidemic process develops simultaneously among all children with some prevalence in its activity being observed from january to august among children not attending children's institutions and from september to december among institutionalized chil ... | 1986 | 2948356 |
| [resistance to antibiotics and sulfanilamides of enterobacteria isolated in ulyanovsk province]. | the data on resistance to 10 antibiotics and sulfanilamides of 178 coprocultures of enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in the ulyanovsk region are presented. it is indicated that 93.8 per cent of the isolates were resistant to the antibiotics. the majority of the cultures were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and streptomycin and sensitive to gentamicin, polymyxin, trimetoprim, rifampicin and nalidixic acid. 43 combinations of the antibiotic resistance types were revealed. 92.7 per c ... | 1986 | 2949694 |
| [a case of severe colitis with positive hemocultures for shigella flexneri]. | | 1987 | 2954108 |
| comparative in vitro activity of a-56268 (te-031) against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and chlamydia trachomatis. | the in vitro activity of a-56268 (te-031) was determined and compared with that of 13 antibiotics against 401 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and 11 strains of chlamydia trachomatis. a-56268 was very active against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and neisseria gonorrhoeae, and was among the most active of the agents tested against listeria monocytogenes, streptococci and chlamydia trachomatis. it was moderately active against haemophilus spp., vibrio spp., campylobacter je ... | 1987 | 2954818 |
| [genetic characteristics and protective properties of neamin-resistant mutant salmonella typhimurium and s. dublin of the nea(r) str(s) and nea(r) str(r) 500 classes]. | the genetic analysis of attenuated mutants, class nea(r) str(s), with the use of bacteriophage p 22 has shown that mutation rendering the mutants resistant to neamine is localized in gene nea a. in experiments with the intraperitoneal infection of mice, the appearance of this mutation in s. typhimurium and s. dublin virulent strains has been found to lead to the decrease of virulence in 100% of clones. on the basis of the data obtained in this investigation, region str-spc in s. typhimurium and ... | 1987 | 2955615 |
| [shigella diagnosis--a transport problem]. | | 1987 | 2957636 |
| sequence of amino acids in lamb responsible for spontaneous ejection of bacteriophage lambda dna. | the dna sequence of the promoter-distal half of lamb from shigella sonnei 3070 has been determined and compared with the known sequence for the escherichia coli k12 gene. the only predicted amino acid changes in this region of lamb, the receptor protein for bacteriophage lambda, lie between positions 381 and 390, where seven of the ten amino acids are altered. evidence is presented that indicates that this region is responsible for the ability of the s. sonnei receptor, but not the e. coli recep ... | 1987 | 2958635 |
| an outbreak of dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae type 1 in rangoon, burma. | | 1987 | 2963061 |
| [neonatal shigellosis. a rare cause of rectal bleeding]. | | 1988 | 2965351 |
| [enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni in acute diarrheic syndrome in chilean infants]. | | 1988 | 2965884 |
| epidemiological aspects of plasmid profiles in shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated from burma & india. | | 1987 | 2967798 |
| intestinal bacterial flora and host defense mechanisms. | the protective mechanisms of intestinal bacterial flora against exogenous infections will be discussed in this paper. experimental data on protective function of escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis and bacteroides distasonis comprising intestinal flora against oral infection of shigella flexneri which causes localized infection are presented. furthermore, the present investigation deals with non-specific defense mechanism which indicate that protective activity of intestinal flora against pa ... | 1986 | 2968005 |
| further differentiation of enterobacteriaceae by means of siderophore-pattern analysis. | by means of a combination of 5 siderophore bioassays using several indicator strains, genera, species and subspecies of enterobacteriaceae can be further differentiated. enterobactin, aerobactin and other siderophores produced can be detected. each strain shows specific pattern which we called siderophore-pattern. it is easy to separate morganella, proteus, providencia, yersinia strains from the genera salmonella, shigella, escherichia coli, enterobacter, citrobacter, klebsiella, serratia. enter ... | 1988 | 2970195 |
| [a library of genes of plasmid pss120 of shigella sonnei]. | the gene library of s. sonnei plasmid pss120 was constructed with the use of plasmid psl5 as vector. the complete restriction of the vector dna and the partial restriction of the dna of plasmid pss120 were carried out by means of the enzyme ecori. the restricted dna was ligated and packed in vitro into the capsid of phage lambda. the titer of negative colonies obtained after packing was 0.8 x 10(3) clones per 1 microgram of s. sonnei dna. the total number of detected clones was 250. on the basis ... | 1988 | 2973196 |
| genetics and regulation of enterobactin genes in shigella flexneri. | although shigella flexneri possesses the genes for two siderophore systems, enterobactin and aerobactin, the enterobactin system is only rarely utilized. to investigate the regulation of enterobactin expression in s. flexneri, all of the genes specifically required for synthesis and transport of enterobactin were cloned from both an expressing (ent+) and a nonexpressing (ent-) strain. notable differences between the cloned genes included endonuclease restriction site changes and the presence of ... | 1988 | 2973458 |
| [clinical characteristics of dysentery today]. | | 1988 | 2973539 |
| aerobactin production as a virulence factor: a reevaluation. | iron starvation is one of the major barriers that virulent bacteria must overcome in order to proliferate in the host. virtually all microorganisms possess high affinity iron (iii) transport systems mediated by low molecular weight iron specific chelators called siderophores, the synthesis of which is activated under iron-limiting conditions. siderophore aerobactin is frequently produced by enterobacteria which cause various types of infections in humans and animals. the status of aerobactin pro ... | 1988 | 2973985 |
| [use of the antibody neutralization reaction in evaluating the sanitary and hygienic condition of environmental objects in children's preschool institutions]. | | 1988 | 2976016 |
| hypersensitivity to shigella outer membrane proteins in mice. | mice sensitized with living sh. flexneri 3a or with outer membrane proteins (omp) derived from these bacteria showed arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) when injected in the footpad with omp. the delayed reactivity to omp was transferable to normal mice by spleen cells obtained from donor animals which were previously sensitized with living bacteria. | 1987 | 2977277 |
| [the possibility of using the demonstration of shigella antigens in the study of the epidemic process in dysentery]. | the detection of shigella antigens in feces in accordance with the results of the passive hemagglutination test is more effective than the bacteriological method for finding out persons infected with shigella, especially in the absence of pronounced clinical manifestations of dysentery, and can be used in the study of the mechanism of the epidemic process. the examination of two groups, each consisting of permanent and temporary members, has revealed that the use of this method for detection of ... | 1988 | 2977464 |
| [the results of a seroepidemiologic study of newcastle dysentery]. | differences in the monthly distribution in the number of seropositive individuals among children and adults in years with different intensity of the epidemic process have been revealed. immunity in cases of dysentery caused by s. newcastle reflects the yearly and seasonal activation of the epidemic process in this shigella infection both in children and adults, the seroconversion characteristics observed in the year of a high morbidity level being a more objective criterion indicating the beginn ... | 1988 | 2977465 |
| analysis of mobilization elements in plasmids from shigella flexneri. | the mobilization properties of three plasmids were examined after cotransfer from shigella flexneri to escherichia coli. the largest plasmid, pcn1, was shown to be a conjugative r factor that could promote its own transfer and allow cotransfer of a 4.1-kilobase plasmid, pcn3; mobilization of the third plasmid, pcn2 (6.3 kilobases), required the presence of both pcn1 and pcn3. sequences from pcn2 and pcn3 homologous to the bom (basis of mobilization) sites of cole1 and pbr322 were localized by an ... | 1985 | 2982788 |
| [restriction endonucleases from shigella sonnei 47]. | two restrictases ssoi and ssoii, belonging to the enzymes of restriction of the class ii, were isolated from a strain of dysenteric bacteria. the structure of the site sensitive to ssoi and ssoii was studied after fragmentation of testor dna as well as by means of direct determination of nucleotide sequence. ssoi was shown to be an isoschizomer of the ecori restrictase from e. coli. restrictase ssoii proved to be a new enzyme, which hydrolyzed the sequence 5' ...ccngg.. 3' and was distinct from ... | 1985 | 2988201 |
| mercuric reductase structural genes from plasmid r100 and transposon tn501: functional domains of the enzyme. | the nucleotide sequence for the 2240 bp of plasmid r100 following the merc gene of the mercuric resistance operon has been determined and compared with the homologous sequence of transposon tn501. the sequences following merc and preceding the next structural gene mera are unrelated between r100 and tn501 and differ in length, with 72 bp in tn501 and 509 bp in r100. the r100 sequence has a potential open reading frame (orf) for a 140 amino acid polypeptide with a reasonable translational start s ... | 1985 | 2989109 |
| cloning of plasmid dna sequences involved in invasion of hela cells by shigella flexneri. | a large plasmid is found in virulent isolates of shigella sp. and encodes functions essential for invasion of mammalian cells. to identify plasmid sequences necessary for invasion, we isolated a series of tn5 insertions in pwr100, the virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri serotype 5. these insertions demonstrated that three separate ecori fragments of pwr100 were required for invasion of hela cells. however, the corresponding native ecori fragments, when cloned into pbr325, did not restore viru ... | 1985 | 2989179 |
| prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea. speculations on the next 10 years. | the next decade should explode with exciting schemes and novel agents for the prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea. the development of oral, nonabsorbed antibiotics will continue, but new antidiarrheal drugs, such as gastrointestinal hormone analogues and alpha-adrenergic agonists, will be added to our therapeutic armamentarium. improved oral rehydration solutions, such as glycine in electrolyte solution, promise to revolutionize the management of diarrhea by diminishing diarrheal sto ... | 1985 | 2990207 |
| uv inactivation of pathogenic and indicator microorganisms. | survival was measured as a function of the dose of germicidal uv light for the bacteria escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, shigella sonnei, streptococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, and bacillus subtilis spores, the enteric viruses poliovirus type 1 and simian rotavirus sa11, the cysts of the protozoan acanthamoeba castellanii, as well as for total coliforms and standard plate count microorganisms from secondary effluent. the doses of uv light necessary for a 99.9% inactivation of the cult ... | 1985 | 2990336 |
| asymptomatic rotavirus infections in day care centers. | rotaviruses and other enteropathogenic agents were detected in 288 (42.1%) of 684 children in day care centers of instituto politecnico nacional in mexico city. the same agents were also found in 114 (37.7%) of 302 adults directly involved in the care of the children. the study was carried out from july to december 1982 and from july 1983 to february 1984. rotaviruses were the main enteropathogenic agents found and were detected in 169 (29.9%) of 564 children without diarrhea and in 34 (28.3%) o ... | 1985 | 2991328 |
| a site-specific endonuclease from pseudomonas aeruginosa. | paei, a new restriction endonuclease from pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain was isolated and characterized. it recognizes and cleaves the sequence 5'-gcatg reduced c-3' generating dna fragments with 3'-tetranucleotide sticky ends. dnas of pbr322, sv40 and bacteriophage lambda have one, two and six paei recognition sites, respectively. seventy-two strains of pseudomonas, clostridium, escherichia coli, shigella, proteus and saccharomyces were screened for the presence of site-specific endonuc ... | 1985 | 2993850 |
| cloning of shiga-like toxin structural genes from a toxin converting phage of escherichia coli. | the genes controlling high-level production of shiga-like toxin (slt) in escherichia coli were cloned from the slt converting phage 933j. this phage was isolated from a strain of e. coli that caused a foodborne outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis. the genes that convert normal e. coli to organisms producing high levels of toxin were cloned into the plasmid pbr328 and expressed in e. coli hb101. dna restriction mapping, subcloning, examination of the cloned gene products by minicell analysis, neutral ... | 1985 | 2994228 |
| treatment of infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the microorganisms that regularly infect patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have become well recognized. most take advantage of defects in t-lymphocyte function, but others, such as streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae, take advantage of b-cell defects. still others, such as staphylococcus aureus and shigella species, occur or persist for reasons that are unclear. infections with organisms associated with hospitalization and medical procedures are also see ... | 1985 | 2996410 |
| a prospective etiological and clinical study on gastroenteritis in italian children. | stool cultures of 188 children hospitalized for gastroenteritis in a two-year period (1981-1982) yielded salmonella in 25.5%, campylobacter in 16.0%, and y. enterocolitica in 3.7% of cases. rotavirus was identified in 22.3% of cases. out of 82 lactose-positive microorganisms isolated from as many cases, three (one e. coli and two klebsiella) produced heat-labile enterotoxin and two e. coli strains a "cytotoxic" toxin (in an hep-2 in vitro model); two other e. coli strains possessed adhesive prop ... | 1985 | 3000404 |
| [epidemiology, etiology and laboratory diagnosis of infectious diarrhea diseases in the tropics]. | diarrhoeal diseases belong to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in tropical countries, especially in infants and small children. about one billion episodes are estimated for this group of age with 4.6 million fatalities. many causes are discussed to explain the high incidence: bottle feeding of infants, protein malnutrition, unsafe drinking water and unsafe disposal of excrements and sewage, unsufficient consciousness of personal and domestic hygiene, lack of knowledge on the origin ... | 1985 | 3000920 |
| molecular alteration of the 140-megadalton plasmid associated with loss of virulence and congo red binding activity in shigella flexneri. | a plasmid of about 140 megadaltons has been associated with the invasiveness of shigella flexneri. upon subculturing in liquid media of fully virulent isolates of shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000, which contains only a 230-kilobase-pair (kbp) plasmid in addition to 3.3- and 4.2-kbp cryptic plasmids characteristic to all s. flexneri strains, loss of invasiveness, loss of congo red binding activity (pcr), and complete loss of, or a deletion, or even a single-site is insertion in the plasmid occurred s ... | 1986 | 3002985 |
| occurrence of small hsd plasmids in salmonella typhi, shigella boydii, and escherichia coli. | the natural occurrence of small hsd (host specificity for dna) plasmids was demonstrated in restriction endonuclease-producing strains of salmonella typhi, shigella boydii, and escherichia coli. the five hsd plasmids isolated were between 5.0 and 12.2 kilobases long. the copy number of all the hsd plasmids was high (more than 10 copies per cell). introduction of these small plasmids into e. coli strain 0 drastically lowered the efficiency of plating of the lambda.0 phages (the efficiency of plat ... | 1986 | 3003023 |
| pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea: evidence for an n-linked glycoprotein shigella toxin receptor and receptor modulation by beta-galactosidase. | pathogenic mechanisms in infectious diseases often involve specific receptor-ligand interactions of cells and soluble molecules. to further elucidate structure-function relations for shigella toxin receptors, we studied binding of purified 125i-labeled toxin and biologic response under various conditions in an experimental model using hela cells. response to toxin was reversibly inhibited by treatment of cells with trypsin or tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycoprotein synthesis that also signific ... | 1986 | 3003205 |
| fluctuation of specific iga antibodies in human milk. | the concentration of secretory iga and the levels of iga specific antibodies against escherichia coli labile-toxin, shigella flexneri 6, and rotaviruses were determined in milk samples obtained serially from women during the first 16 weeks postpartum. the mean concentration of secretory iga followed the expected pattern; the levels of specific antibodies fluctuated in an unpredictable manner and independently of milk secretory iga content, becoming undetectable in many instances. under some circ ... | 1985 | 3004100 |
| preliminary report on the in vitro antibacterial activity of bryophyllum pinnatum leaf juice. | the juice from the leaves of bryophyllum pinnatum s. kurtz (crassulaceae) was tested for antibacterial activity. the extract at 5% v/v was bactericidal to a wide spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria such as bacillus subtilis, staphyllococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes; streptococcus faecalis; escherichia coli; proteus spp; klebsiella spp; shigella spp; salmonella spp; serratia marcescens; and pseudomonas aeruginosa including the clinical isolates of these organisms possessing ... | 1985 | 3004181 |
| [similar organization of beta,beta'-subunit rna-polymerase genes and adjacent ribosomal protein genes in enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas putida]. | the genes coding for the rna-polymerase beta,beta'-subunits and adjacent ribosomal protein genes in escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis and pseudomonas putida are compared by the southern hybridization procedure. in all the species studied close clustering of the genes rplkajl and rpobc is demonstrated. preliminary physical maps for these genes in s. typhimurium, s. flexneri, s. marcescens and p. mirabilis are proposed. rifampicin i ... | 1986 | 3005845 |
| enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhea in hospitalized infants. | thirty-five infants of low socioeconomic status who were living in urban santiago were hospitalized for acute diarrhea were prospectively evaluated for the presence of enteropathogens associated with the episode. some degree of malnutrition was evident in 20 infants (57.1%); 15 of these (75%) were under 6 months of age. mean duration of the hospital stay was 11.8 days for well-nourished patients and 15.7 days for the malnourished patients. one or more enteropathogens were found in 60% of the cas ... | 1986 | 3007718 |
| cloning and expression of the genes specifying shiga-like toxin production in escherichia coli h19. | some strains of escherichia coli produce a protein which is cytotoxic for vero cell and hela cell monolayers. this toxin is very similar to the toxin of shigella dysenteriae 1 and has been named verotoxin or e. coli shiga-like toxin. it has been shown that toxin conversion is due to a group of bacteriophages, one of which has been designated h-19b. in this study we report hybridization experiments showing that part of the h-19b genome is homologous to phage lambda. we have cloned a 1.7-kilobase ... | 1986 | 3009393 |
| bacterial contamination of the small intestine of infants with enteropathogenic escherichia coli and other enteric infections: a factor in the aetiology of persistent diarrhoea? | the duodenal microflora was studied during the first week of diarrhoea in 40 infants with acute infectious diarrhoea of different aetiologies and compared with that in a convalescent group and a group in whom diarrhoea of known aetiology had persisted for more than 14 days after an acute onset. in the acute phase 16 of the 40 infants had more than 10(4) colony forming bacteria/ml, predominantly upper respiratory commensals. in over half of the infants infected with enteropathogenic escherichia c ... | 1986 | 3011183 |
| [a study on etiology and epidemiology of 1446 patients with diarrhea]. | | 1986 | 3013529 |
| pathogens that cause travelers' diarrhea in latin america and africa. | with the advent of rapid and convenient means of transportation, millions of persons travel each year from industrialized to developing countries in the tropics and subtropics. these travelers are at risk for a variety of infectious diseases that are endemic in these areas; the most frequently occurring of these is diarrhea. studies of groups of travelers to latin america and africa have found that approximately one-half develop diarrhea during their stay abroad. etiologic investigations of thes ... | 1986 | 3014633 |
| identification of shigella sonnei form i plasmid genes necessary for cell invasion and their conservation among shigella species and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. | a series of tn1 insertions in pss120, the 120-megadalton form i plasmid of shigella sonnei, were constructed by a tn1-mediated conduction system previously described (h. watanabe and a. nakamura, infect. immun. 48:260-262, 1985, and screened for cell invasion in a tissue culture assay. the analysis of tn1 insertion sites of seven noninvasive mutants suggested that four separate hindiii fragments were necessary for cell invasion. hindiii fragments including tn1 of mutant plasmids were cloned into ... | 1986 | 3015801 |
| persistent protein losing enteropathy in post measles diarrhoea. | faecal alpha 1 antitrypsin was measured in two groups of children with diarrhoea aged 6 months to 6 years during the acute and recovery stages of the illness. group 1 comprised 19 children with a history of measles in the two weeks preceding admission to hospital. in this group there were six cases of shigella species, six enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, and five rotavirus, and two did not yield an aetiologic agent. group 2 comprised 15 children with diarrhoea only. in this group there were fi ... | 1986 | 3017238 |
| studies on enterotoxin of shigella dysenteriae type 1. ii. systemic effects in rabbits of shigella dysenteriae 1 enterotoxin. | the enterotoxin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 is an acid and heat-labile protein. it induces a gut dilatory response and increases the levels of blood glucose, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum acid phosphatase in rabbits. | 1986 | 3019069 |
| isolation, characterization, and mapping of tn5 insertions into the 140-megadalton invasion plasmid defective in the mouse sereny test in shigella flexneri 2a. | using shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000, we isolated 304 independent tn5 insertion mutants in the 230-kilobase invasion plasmid, pmysh6000. the site of each tn5 insertion was assigned to 23 sali fragments on the previously made sali cleavage map of pmysh6000. among the 304 insertions, 150 were negative in expression of four phenotypes examined (mouse sereny test [ser], invasion into epithelial cells [inv], congo red binding [pcr], and inhibition of bacterial growth [igr] ): 12 were ser- inv+ pcr+ igr ... | 1986 | 3019891 |
| production of restriction endonucleases using multicopy hsd plasmids occurring naturally in pathogenic escherichia coli and shigella boydii. | a convenient procedure has been devised for detection of restriction endonucleases in the escherichia coli-shigella group. with this procedure, two restriction endonucleases, designated sbo 13 and eco t22, were found and later were identified as isoschizomers of nrui and avaiii, respectively. these endonucleases were shown to be produced from small multicopy plasmids. they were isolated from nonpathogenic e. coli into which the plasmids had been introduced by transformation, and purified from co ... | 1986 | 3021586 |
| dna sequence and product analysis of the virf locus responsible for congo red binding and cell invasion in shigella flexneri 2a. | the dna sequence of virf, a locus associated with virulence and the ability to bind congo red in shigella flexneri 2a that is located on a 140-megadalton (230-kilobase) plasmid, was determined and analyzed. it was rich in a and t. the direction of transcription of virf was determined by using a chloramphenicol resistance cartridge. an open reading frame readable in this direction was found. three proteins, 30, 27, and 21 kilodaltons, all corresponding to those predicted from the above sequence, ... | 1986 | 3021627 |
| characterization of shigella flexneri sequences encoding congo red binding (crb): conservation of multiple crb sequences and role of is1 in loss of the crb+ phenotype. | the ability to bind congo red (crb+) is associated with virulence of shigella flexneri and is encoded by a large, 220-kilobase plasmid. we cloned fragments of this plasmid to isolate the sequences encoding congo red binding, to determine the degree of conservation of these sequences among s. flexneri strains, and to study the molecular basis for loss of the crb+ phenotype. at least two separate bamhi fragments cloned into plasmid vectors encode congo red binding in e. coli or s. flexneri. one cr ... | 1986 | 3021630 |
| location of plasmid-mediated citrate utilization determinant in r27 and incidence in other h incompatibility group plasmids. | citrate utilization (cit+) is encoded by a specific subgroup of incompatibility hi plasmids, viz., inchi1 plasmids. only one inchi1 plasmid, prg1271, which originated in a mexican typhoid outbreak in 1972, did not specify cit+. all other cit+ plasmids hybridized to a cit+ probe, a 2-kilobase bglii fragment derived from the cit+ transposon tn3411. the position of the cit+ determinant was mapped to a 13.5-kilobase apai fragment within the prototype inchi1 plasmid r27. no other functions have been ... | 1986 | 3024564 |
| [separation of modification methylation and restriction enzymes from shigella sonnei 47]. | two systems for dna host specificity have been demonstrated for shigella sonnei cells, ssoi and ssoii. the aim of the present work was to separate the modificating methylases and restriction endonucleases from shigella sonnei and to study the modificating functions of methylases mssoi and mssoii. the possibilities to separate the methylation and restriction enzymes by column chromatography on affine, ionoexchange and hydrophobic sorbents were analyzed. the scheme for separation of methylases and ... | 1985 | 3025703 |
| virulence of iron transport mutants of shigella flexneri and utilization of host iron compounds. | mutants of shigella flexneri defective in aerobactin-mediated iron transport were assayed for virulence in several model systems. a tn5 insertion mutant was invasive in hela cells, lethal in the chicken embryo, and produced keratoconjunctivitis in the guinea pig, indicating little or no loss of ability to invade and multiply intracellularly. although the mutant failed to grow in low-iron medium in vitro, growth equivalent to that of the wild type was observed in hela cell lysates. thus, there ap ... | 1987 | 3028962 |
| [gastrointestinal infections in children. a strategy for searching pathogenic agents]. | from a bacteriological and virological study of 2056 stool samples obtained from 1595 children we have attempted to derive epidemiological arguments leading to an algorithm of coprodiagnosis. we believe that rotavirus should be systematically searched for at any age, as it is the most frequent pathogen encountered (27% of children with positive detection). if the test is positive, no other test needs to be performed in patients staying less than 4 days in hospital. if the test is negative, or if ... | 1987 | 3029746 |
| in-vitro anti-microbial susceptibility of clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria to ten antibiotics including phosphomycin. | the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of ten antibiotics was determined for various bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical specimens in a lagos hospital. the in-vitro activity of penicillin and tetracycline was not very impressive and a similarity was noticed in the resistance patterns of these two antibiotics, while the activity in vitro of the relatively more toxic aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol was high for gram-negative rods. ceftazidime demonstrated the highest activity in vit ... | 1987 | 3037870 |