| shigella and gonococcal vulvovaginitis in prepubertal central african girls. | | 1992 | 1408494 |
| novobiocin, brilliant green, glycerol, lactose agar: a new medium for the isolation of salmonella strains. | we describe a medium, novobiocin, brilliant green, glycerol, lactose (nbgl) agar, for the routine isolation of salmonella strains from stool samples. the nbgl agar principle involved the use of the antisaprophytic effect of brilliant green and novobiocin. glycerol and lactose were added in order to distinguish between citrobacter and salmonella. nbgl was used in parallel with salmonella-shigella (ss) and hektoen (h) agar for culturing 2,853 stool samples, of which 184 were confirmed to be salmon ... | 1992 | 1410796 |
| treatment of shigellosis: iii. comparison of one- or two-dose ciprofloxacin with standard 5-day therapy. a randomized, blinded trial. | to determine whether a single dose, or 2 doses, of ciprofloxacin are as effective as 5-day, 10-dose therapy for the treatment of shigellosis in adult men who are moderately to severely ill. | 1992 | 1416574 |
| in vitro activity of mc-352, a new 16-membered macrolide. | the in vitro activity of mc-352, 3,4'-dideoxy-5-o-mycaminosyltylonolide, was compared with those of erythromycin, clarithromycin, and rokitamycin. the mc-352 mic90 (mic for 90% of isolates) for erythromycin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis was less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, similar to those of the other agents. the mc-352 mic50 for erythromycin-resistant s. aureus was 2 micrograms/ml, similar to that of rokitamycin. the mc-352 mic90 (0.12 micrograms/ml) for ... | 1992 | 1416853 |
| epidemiology of persistent diarrhea and etiologic agents in mirzapur, bangladesh. | to determine the epidemiology and etiologic agents of persistent diarrhea we carried out an intensive diarrhea surveillance on children less than six years old in rural bangladesh. from march 1987 to february 1989 we examined 363 children through diarrhea recall interviews and analyzed stool samples of all diarrhea cases for potential pathogens. results showed that children had an average of two episodes per year and the incidence rate of diarrheal episodes defined as acute (< 14 d) and persiste ... | 1992 | 1421936 |
| decreased food intake in children with severe dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. | factors that affect food intake in acute shigellosis were studied in 82 children aged 24-59 months. children were offered an energy-dense milk-cereal-oil-based diet every 2 h. food intake was compared between children with shigella dysenteriae 1 infection and those infected with other shigella spp (predominantly s. flexneri). mean energy intake in the first 48 h was 435 kj/kg.d in children infected with s. dysenteriae 1 and 536 kj/kg.d in children infected with other shigella spp (p < 0.001). fe ... | 1992 | 1425537 |
| regulation of the slt-1a toxin operon by a ferric uptake regulatory protein in toxinogenic strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | the regulation of shiga toxin expression in a clinical isolate of s. dysenteriae 1 by the fe-fur (iron-ferric uptake regulatory protein) repressor complex was investigated. the presence of an endogenous fur repressor protein capable of binding to either a fur binding consensus sequence or the regulatory region of slt-1a was determined in toxinogenic strains of s. dysenteriae. plasmid constructs bearing fur binding sites fused to readily assayable reporter genes were used. plasmid psc27.1 contain ... | 1992 | 1430967 |
| efficacy of norfloxacin for shigellosis: a double-blind randomised clinical trial. | in a double-blind, randomised, clinical trial on 122 adults with acute shigella dysentery, 60 patients were treated with norfloxacin and 62 with nalidixic acid. of these, 32 patients in the norfloxacin group and 28 patients in the nalidixic acid group had shigella in their stool. patients of the two treatment groups were clinically comparable on admission. no significant differences in clinical responses were observed in the two groups among the shigella-positive cases, shigella-negative cases a ... | 1992 | 1430968 |
| [shigella dysenteriae strains having a provisional serovar isolated from imported diarrheal cases in tokyo]. | two bacterial strains (me448 and me474) isolated from stool cultures of imported cases in tokyo in 1987 had typical biochemical characteristics of shigella dysenteriae. the results of antigenic analyses showed that they were serologically identical to each other, but did not belong to any of the established shigella serovars. these strains were positive for serény test in guinea pig eye and cell-invasion test in hela cells. the strains also had virulence-plasmid encoding outer membrane proteins, ... | 1992 | 1431369 |
| impact of zinc supplementation on intestinal permeability in bangladeshi children with acute diarrhoea and persistent diarrhoea syndrome. | zinc has been shown to enhance intestinal mucosal repair in patients suffering from acrodermatitis enteropathica; but the impact on mucosal integrity during acute (ad) or persistent (pd) diarrhoea is unknown. one hundred eleven children with ad and 190 with pd aged between 3 and 24 months received, randomly and blind to the investigators, either an elemental zinc supplement of 5 mg/kg body wt/day or placebo in multivitamin syrup for 2 weeks while intestinal permeability and, biochemical and anth ... | 1992 | 1432467 |
| an international foodborne outbreak of shigellosis associated with a commercial airline. | to determine the source of an international outbreak of shigellosis associated with consumption of food served by a minnesota-based airline. | 1992 | 1433760 |
| effect of ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and transferrin on the growth of some bacterial strains in vitro. | the ability of some bacterial strains to obtain iron from ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (edda) or iron-free transferrin, and accordingly grow in their presence, was studied. growth of staphylococcus aureus and yersinia pseudotuberculosis was inhibited by edda or by iron-free transferrin. growth of streptococcus faecalis, however, was inhibited by iron-free transferrin, but not by edda. the other bacterial strains, i.e.; escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and shigella dysent ... | 1992 | 1435350 |
| [bacteriological examination of paper money]. | bacteriological survey of one hundred twenty currency notes was done. aerobic spore-forming bacilli (91%), staphylococcus epidermidis (63.3%), staphylococcus aureus (4.2%), enterococcus (24.1%), alpha-hem. streptococcus (4.1%), streptococcus pneumoniae (1.7%), corynebacterium (7.5%), lactobacilli (10.8%), klebsiella pneumoniae (31.7%), enterobacter (19.2%), e. coli (17.5%), proteus (1.7%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.8%), shigella flexneri (0.8%) were isolated from paper money samples. currency no ... | 1992 | 1435365 |
| [the characteristics of cryptosporidiosis prevalence in nizhni novgorod province]. | a total of 4070 patients with acute intestinal diseases were tested for cryptosporidiosis in 1989, 1806 of these without diarrhea (controls), 286 of them working at slaughter houses, milk-packing plants and dairy plants, 192 subjects with a history of contacts with cryptosporidiosis patients in the focus of the disease, and 7 animals. cryptosporidiosis was responsible for 3.2% of acute intestinal conditions in children; cryptosporidia oocysts were not detected in adults or healthy subjects. the ... | 1992 | 1435583 |
| microbial flora in gut of culex quinquefasciatus breeding in cess pits. | the number and types of microorganisms in the gut of culex quinquefasciatus larvae varied considerably from one site of collection to another. larval gut, in general, contained enormous number of bacteria, a few fungi and negligible number of actinomycetes which belonged to 15 bacterial, 6 fungal and 4 actinomycete genera, respectively. bacillus sp., staphylococcus sp. and pseudomonas sp. among bacteria, aspergillus among fungi and streptomyces sp. among actinomycetes were frequently encountered ... | 1992 | 1439987 |
| genotypic and phenotypic characterization of an arod deletion-attenuated escherichia coli k12-shigella flexneri hybrid vaccine expressing s. flexneri 2a somatic antigen. | the construction and characterization of ecsf2a-2, an arod-deleted escherichia coli-shigella hybrid vaccine carrying chromosomal and plasmid genes from shigella flexneri and expressing s. flexneri 2a somatic antigen in association with e. coli k12 core are described. expression of hybrid lipopolysaccharide and deletion of arod resulted in the attenuation of phenotypic characteristics associated with pathogenicity. the addition of an arod deletion results in a requirement for an aromatic precurso ... | 1992 | 1441732 |
| [lipopolysaccharide changes in smooth-type avirulent shigella in comparison with initial virulent strains]. | the comparative study of the lipopolysaccharides (lps) of virulent and avirulent strains of s. sonnei, phase i (smooth colonies), has been made. electrophoresis of lps and subsequent densitometry of electrophoregrams have revealed the increase of the fraction of long 0-chains with a considerable number of recurring elements in 2 out of 3 lps preparations obtained from avirulent shigellae. in mice immunized with these lps preparations a considerably greater number of antibody-producing cells can ... | 1992 | 1441805 |
| activities of newer fluoroquinolones against shigella sonnei. | the activities of six fluoroquinolones were determined for 117 separate strains of shigella sonnei. the order of increasing activity (mics for 90% of strains tested) was enoxacin (0.25 micrograms/ml), temafloxacin (0.032 micrograms/ml), sparfloxacin (0.016 micrograms/ml), ci-960 (0.008 micrograms/ml), ciprofloxacin (0.008 micrograms/ml), and pd-131628-2 (0.008 micrograms/ml). these data, along with results of killing and mutational rate studies, showed that all six fluoroquinolones were highly i ... | 1992 | 1444317 |
| beta-lactamases in shigella. | the occurrence of resistance and production of beta-lactamases was investigated in 60 shigella strains. ampicillin resistance was found in 28 (47%) of the isolates, the resistance being more frequent in sh. flexneri than in sh. sonnei. all strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, mecillinam, and ciprofloxacin. the beta-lactamases produced by shigella were similar to tem-1, oxa-1, or the low-level chromosomally mediated cephalosporinase produced by escherichia coli. the beta-lactamases produced by ... | 1992 | 1445702 |
| inhibition of shigella sonnei by lactobacillus casei and lact. acidophilus. | the protective effect of feeding milk fermented with a mixture of lactobacillus casei and lact. acidophilus against shigella sonnei was studied. there was a 100% survival rate in mice fed for 8 d with fermented milk and then dosed orally with sh. sonnei. the survival rate in control mice was approximately 60% after 21 d. colonization of the liver and spleen with sh. sonnei was markedly inhibited by pretreatment with fermented milk. differences in cell counts of 2-3 log units between treated and ... | 1992 | 1447056 |
| cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding a 21-kilodalton outer membrane protein from bordetella avium and expression of the gene in salmonella typhimurium. | three gene libraries of bordetella avium 197 dna were prepared in escherichia coli le392 by using the cosmid vectors pcp13 and pya2329, a derivative of pcp13 specifying spectinomycin resistance. the cosmid libraries were screened with convalescent-phase anti-b. avium turkey sera and polyclonal rabbit antisera against b. avium 197 outer membrane proteins. one e. coli recombinant clone produced a 56-kda protein which reacted with convalescent-phase serum from a turkey infected with b. avium 197. i ... | 1992 | 1447140 |
| concentration of milk secretory immunoglobulin a against shigella virulence plasmid-associated antigens as a predictor of symptom status in shigella-infected breast-fed infants. | we conducted a prospective, community-based study of healthy breast-fed mexican infants to determine the protective effects of anti-shigella secretory iga antibodies in milk. milk samples were collected monthly, and stool culture specimens were obtained weekly and at the time of episodes of diarrhea. nineteen breast-fed infants were found to have shigella flexneri, shigella boydii, or shigella sonnei in stool samples. ages of the 10 infants with symptomatic infection and the nine with asymptomat ... | 1992 | 1447644 |
| [bacteremia caused by shigella flexneri]. | | 1992 | 1450269 |
| study of bacterial pathogens causing diarrhoeal disease in bombay with special reference to their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. | diarrhoeal disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, especially among children. in a study of 720 faecal samples from acute diarrhoeal patients various bacterial pathogens were isolated. an account is given of their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. many of the e. coli, salmonella and shigella strains were found to be multidrug resistant. this resistance was transferable and plasmid mediated. a few of the e. coli strains isolated from healthy controls also s ... | 1992 | 1452230 |
| shigellosis in children: a prospective hospital based study. | from 1985 to 1988, fecal samples of 950 hospitalized children suffering from diarrhea or dysentery were screened for shigella species using standard methods. shigella species were isolated as sole pathogen from 192 (20.2%) cases and s. flexneri type 2 was the predominant serotype. shigella infection was prevalent throughout the year with high isolation rate during the summer and early monsoon months. shigella strains isolated during the period were resistant to most of the commonly used drugs fo ... | 1992 | 1452309 |
| pathogenesis of providencia alcalifaciens-induced diarrhea. | providencia alcalifaciens is a member of the family enterobacteriaceae. there are reports that p. alcalifaciens can cause diarrhea, but the mechanism(s) by which it causes diarrhea is known. we studied p. alcalifaciens isolated from a child and two adults with diarrhea for enteropathogenicity. the three isolates did not exhibit any characteristic adherence to cultured hep-2 cell monolayers, and they did not produce enterotoxins, cytotoxins, or keratoconjunctivitis in the sereny test. two isolate ... | 1992 | 1452332 |
| detection of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri in feces by immunomagnetic isolation and polymerase chain reaction. | a combination of immunomagnetic separation (ims) and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure was used for direct isolation and identification of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri from feces. immunomagnetic particles were coated with monoclonal antibody masfb, which is specific for a common epitope of the o polysaccharides of s. dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri. bacteria bound to the beads were boiled in water, and target dna was amplified with a primer pair specific for a g ... | 1992 | 1452650 |
| prevalence of bacterial agents of diarrhoeal disease at the national university hospital, singapore and their resistance to antimicrobial agents. | over a 50-month period, 4,508 stool specimens from patients with diarrhoea were bacteriologically examined at the national university hospital, singapore. salmonella serotypes other than the typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli were the most common finding, being isolated in 10.8% of cases. campylobacter jejuni was unexpectedly infrequent (1.9%); aeromonas hydrophila was found in 1.8%. no other aerobic pathogen occurred in more than 1% of cases. clostridium difficile was sought only when requested, a ... | 1992 | 1455527 |
| [the immunocorrective therapy of patients with acute dysentery]. | | 1992 | 1455821 |
| [the excretion of shigella antigens in persons recovering from dysentery]. | shigella antigens can be detected in the excreta of convalescents after dysentery for a long time. most frequently these antigens occur in feces, less frequently in urine and rarely in saliva. according to indirect data, s. flexneri 1-6 antigens can be detected in excreta for a longer period after convalescence than s. sonnei antigens. when antigen indication is used for the diagnosis of dysentery and epidemiological analysis is carried out, one should bear in mind the length of the agent persis ... | 1992 | 1455962 |
| [the etiological structure of shigellosis in the former ussr--an indicator of the activity of the main routes of infection transmission]. | the data on the etiological structure of shigella infections in the ussr in 1988-1989 are presented. the study showed the dominating role of s. flexneri with s. sonnei also retaining great importance in shigella infections. the process of the liquidation of s. dysenteriae and s. boydii infections began in some large cities. the domination of dysentery caused by s. flexneri and a high typhoid rate, particularly in central asia, were due to poor water supply of the population. the spread of dysent ... | 1992 | 1455964 |
| [an increase in the immunogenicity of bacterial antigens under the influence of one of the derivatives of muramyl dipeptide]. | as revealed in animal experiments, glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (gmdp), the synthetic analog of muramyl dipeptide, when introduced intraperitoneally in a single injection or orally, exhibits adjuvant activity with respect to citrobacter 0-antigens, shigella flexneri and enhances the protective properties of dysentery and pertussis vaccines. the stimulating properties of gmdp depend on its dose, the route of its administration, the time elapsed after its administration, its ratio to the concomit ... | 1992 | 1455969 |
| [the clinical assessment of the immune status of patients with acute flexner shigellosis]. | a total of 192 patients with flexner's dysentery 1 have been examined. as a result, sharply pronounced unbalance of cell-mediated and humoral immunity factors has developed in the acute period of dysentery, reaching its maximal manifestations in severe course of the disease. in case of a tendency to a prolonged course of dysentery at the period of convalescence, essential shifts in immunological characteristics persist and the infective agent is repeatedly isolated. | 1992 | 1455972 |
| purification and partial characterization of two azoreductases from shigella dysenteriae type 1. | two azoreductases (i and ii) were purified to homogeneity from extracts of shigella dysenteriae (type 1). azoreductase i was a dimer of identical subunits of m(r) 28,000, whereas azoreductase ii was a monomer of 11,000 m(r). both were flavoproteins, each containing 1 mol of fmn per mol enzyme. both nadh and nadph functioned as electron donors for the azoreductases. azoreductase i used ponceau sx, tartrazine, amaranth and orange ii as substrates. azoreductase ii utilized all the dyes except amara ... | 1992 | 1459414 |
| loose stools in the early neonatal period. | during a two-year period, the various factors associated with loose stools in the early neonatal period were studied among hospital born babies. low birth weight babies had a lower incidence of non-infective loose stools when compared to neonates with a birth weight of more than 2500 g (p < 0.001). newborns delivered by cesarean section (p < 0.001) and those born to women with more than two children (p < 0.02) had a greater frequency of loose stools. initiation of supplementary feeding and admin ... | 1992 | 1459697 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefodizime, a third generation cephalosporin. | cefodizime is one of the new broad-spectrum cephalosporins. it is an aminothiazolyl iminomethoxy cephalosporin which is metabolically stable and has a prolonged serum half life. cefodizime was primarily active against gram-negative bacilli and at the concentration of 0.5 mg/l, it inhibited 90 per cent of enterobacteriaceae. p. mirabilis was the most susceptible species tested (mic90 of 0.02 mg/l). e.coli, k.pneumoniae, salmonella spp., shigella spp. and m. morganii were also very sensitive to ce ... | 1992 | 1460409 |
| serum antibodies to verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) strains in patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | serological evidence of infection with verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) was sought in 28 patients suffering from haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) and 25 age- and sex-matched controls. elisa was used to detect anti-lipopolysaccharide (lps) antibodies to e. coli strains o157, o111, o26 and nctc 10418, a non-vtec strain, and shigella dysenteriae o1. sera from 19 of the hus patients but from none of the 25 controls had significant antibody levels to the verotoxin-producing bacteria. sera ... | 1992 | 1460654 |
| protection from shigella sonnei infection by immunisation of rabbits with plesiomonas shigelloides (svc 01). | plesiomonas shigelloides, an organism commonly found in water, is only rarely associated with diarrhoea in man. p. shigelloides serotype o:17 (svc o1), which is antigenically similar to shigella sonnei, was found to be neither virulent nor toxic for rabbits. rabbits immunised by feeding with p. shigelloides (svc o1) were completely protected against an oral challenge with 10(10) cells of s. sonnei but non-immunised rabbits were not. p. shigelloides (svc o1) may be a useful vaccine strain for shi ... | 1992 | 1460657 |
| [diagnosis of acute diarrheal infections]. | | 1992 | 1460834 |
| [bacterial pathogens in diarrhea: demonstration of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli using the polymerase chain reaction]. | in 23% of 576 diarrhea patients we were able to demonstrate putative bacterial pathogens. not included in this number is clostridium difficile which was found in 8 of 48 (8.3%) specimens analyzed. in addition to salmonella (8.2%), campylobacter (6.0%), aeromonas (2.7%), shigella (1.9%) and yersinia (0.8%) we identified verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) in 10 patients (1.9%). vtec were found as frequently as shigella (occurring exclusively in patients returning from the tropics) and we ... | 1992 | 1465595 |
| [the effect of a ribosomal shigella sonnei vaccine on cellular immune reactions]. | the influence of s. sonnei ribosomal vaccine on hematopoiesis, t- and b-cell-mediated immune reactions has been studied in the course of the development of experimental vaccinal process. the vaccine stimulated hematopoiesis, that was characterized by a dose-dependent increase in colony-forming units in the spleen (cfus), a rise in cfus in the blood and bone marrow and an increase in the pool of proliferating stem cells in bone marrow, shortly after injection. a pronounced immunostimulating effec ... | 1992 | 1466169 |
| [the theoretical and practical interpretations of the basic manifestations of the epidemic process in shigellosis]. | | 1992 | 1466177 |
| [the characteristics of the colonization resistance of the intestines in conventional animals with a history of clinical death]. | after modeling the terminal state caused by the acute loss of blood in rats their intestinal microflora was studied, as was their resistance to colonization. decreased resistance to colonization was registered early after resuscitation (up to 3 days), which was confirmed by the translocation of bacteria into internal organs, decreased number of lactobacilli in the contents of the small intestine and elevated level of enterobacteria in the intestine. disturbances in resistance to colonization was ... | 1992 | 1466180 |
| [new hybrid proteins--potential immunosuppressive agents]. | | 1992 | 1468359 |
| high level resistance to trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole and other antimicrobial agents among clinical isolates of shigella species in ontario, canada--an update. | a total of 598 isolates of shigella species (24 s. dysenteriae, 254 s. flexneri, 30 s. boydii, 290 s. sonnei) submitted to the ontario public health laboratories in 1990 were tested for their susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents by the agar dilution method. overall 79.6% of isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents and 52.0% were resistant to four or more. trimethoprim resistance ranged from 26.7% among isolates of s. boydii to 39.4% among s. flexneri strains. the majority ... | 1992 | 1468530 |
| synthetic approaches to vaccines for infectious and autoimmune diseases. | the development is outlined of some synthetic vaccines against infectious diseases, in particular cholera, shigella and influenza. in the last case, use of the synthetic adjuvant mdp in combination with a haemagglutinin peptide has led to a synthetic vaccine with built-in adjuvanticity. the production of vaccines both by chemical synthesis and genetic engineering is described. the successful use of the synthetic amino acid copolymer cop-1 as an immunomodulatory vaccine to suppress the onset of a ... | 1992 | 1471429 |
| determinants of pathogenicity in xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria are related to proteins involved in secretion in bacterial pathogens of animals. | one of the model systems investigated for studying plant bacterial pathogenesis is xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria, the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of pepper and tomato. genes necessary for both basic pathogenicity and the induction of the hypersensitive response in resistant plants (hrp genes) were previously isolated from x. c. pv. vesicatoria and characterized genetically. as a first step toward functional analysis, part of the hrp gene cluster, making up several loci, was se ... | 1992 | 1472717 |
| serological diagnosis of infection by shigella dysenteriae-1 in patients with bacillary dysentery. | a total of 192 samples of serum from 113 sri lankan patients with clinical dysentery was examined for antibodies of the igm class to the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of shigella dysenteriae-1 and escherichia coli o157:h7. by means of elisa and immunoblotting, 59 patients were found to have serum antibodies to the lps of s. dysenteriae-1 only. four samples from one patient were found to contain serum antibodies to the lpss of both s. dysenteriae-1 and e. coli o157:h7. antibodies to the lps of s. dy ... | 1992 | 1474263 |
| [bacillary dysentery--1990]. | | 1992 | 1475396 |
| hla-b27/microbial mimicry: an in vivo analysis. | the association between three major spondyloarthritic diseases, ankylosing spondylitis, reiter's syndrome, and reactive arthritis, and the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class 1 antigen hla-b27 is well documented. the hypothesis of cross-reactivity between hla-b27 and the antecedent infection-causing gram-negative pathogens such as salmonella, shigella and yersinia has been suggested by in vitro studies employing monoclonal antibodies. we have examined the possibility of such cross-react ... | 1992 | 1478690 |
| [multiyear observations of the dynamic epidemic process in sonne dysentery in a small district of vladimir province]. | on the basis of the epidemiological analysis of morbidity data for several years the many-sided dynamic characterization of the epidemic process of sonne dysentery in a small district is presented. as revealed by this analysis, the epidemic process developed in the presence of residual activity of the water factor; this activity was mediated by transmission of this infection through milk products contaminated in the course of their manufacture and distribution. the possibility of appearance of a ... | 1992 | 1481603 |
| [chemical and serological study of lipopolysaccharide isolated from shigella flexneri 88-893 possessing a new type-antigen]. | the o-specific polysaccharide chain which represents a new type-antigen in lipopolysaccharide (lps) of shigella flexneri 88-893 was investigated. the o-polysaccharide chain was found to be composed of repeating units comprising rhamnose, n-acetylglucosamine and glucose (3:1:2). in the passive hemolysis test, group-6 antiserum of s. flexneri exhibited a high hemolytic titer (50% hemolysis titer: 7,900) against sheep red blood cells (srbc) sensitized with intact 893 lps, but virtually no hemolytic ... | 1992 | 1484404 |
| the mode of action of cfad of escherichia coli and virf of shigella flexneri and other members of the arac family of positive regulators. | | 1992 | 1484494 |
| novobiocin-brilliant green-glycerol-lactose-agar: further routine evaluation on 5554 human stools and 982 veterinary samples. | in order to provide a wider evaluation of "novobiocin-brilliant green-glycerol-lactose" (nbgl) agar, dishes of this medium were added to standard media: hektoen (h), salmonella-shigella agar (ss), at all plating steps for 5554 stool cultures of human medical routine (280 isolates) and 982 samples of veterinary routine (133 isolates). nbgl expectedly missed lactose-glycerol positive strains of the serotype senftenberg (n = 4), h2s negative strains (n = 1), and strains of the typhi serotype (n = 7 ... | 1992 | 1484738 |
| isolation of yersinia enterocolitica from foods. | many selective enrichment and plating media for the isolation of yersinia enterocolitica from foods are described. however, at present no single isolation procedure is available for the recovery of all pathogenic strains of yersinia enterocolitica. cold enrichment in phosphate-buffered saline plus 1% sorbitol and 0.15% bile salts (pbssb) and two-step enrichment with tryptone soy broth (tsb) and bile oxalate sorbose (bos) broth are very efficient methods for the recovery of a wide spectrum of ser ... | 1992 | 1486026 |
| bacterial agents protect against autoimmune disease. i. mice pre-exposed to bordetella pertussis or mycobacterium tuberculosis are highly refractory to induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | infectious agents have often been implicated in the etiology of autoimmune diseases. here we show that bacteria may also play a role in resistance to autoimmune diseases. sjl/j and (sjl/j x balb/c)f1 mice are genetically susceptible to induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), a murine model for human demyelinating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. we studied the effect of several bacteria on the development of eae and found that exposure of sjl/j or (sjl/j x ba ... | 1992 | 1489483 |
| in vitro studies on the growth of shigella sonnei by lactobacillus casei and lact. acidophilus. | the inhibitory effect of lactobacilli on growth of shigella sonnei was studied. the effect was not due to ph alone, as addition of hydrochloric, lactic or acetic acids to culture media did not inhibit the normal growth of the shigellas. the degree of inhibition was measured by disc assay and showed that the inhibitory substance(s) can be extracellular and diffusible, varying the degrees of inhibition depending on the media tested. when broth was inoculated with mixed cultures of lactobacillus an ... | 1992 | 1490909 |
| icsb: a shigella flexneri virulence gene necessary for the lysis of protrusions during intercellular spread. | shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery by invading epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa. we have characterized the icsb gene which is located on the virulence plasmid pwr100. after inactivation of icsb, the mutant strain remained invasive, but formed abnormally small plaques on hela cell monolayers, colonized only the peripheral cells of caco-2 islets, and was unable to provoke a keratoconjunctivitis in guinea-pigs. examination of infected hela cells showed that the icsb mutant was able ... | 1992 | 1495389 |
| [territorial differences in the nature of the etiological structure of shigellosis--a pattern or chance?]. | | 1992 | 1496882 |
| gut mucosal lymphocyte subpopulations in the host-defence of shigella infected guinea-pigs. | lymphocyte subpopulations from the gut mucosa were studied in shigella-susceptible guinea-pigs to evaluate their role in mucosal immune responses to such organisms. four weeks after infection, isolated lymphocytes were characterised by an immunofluorescent technique. the increase in the t cell intra-epithelial population was less (48%) in comparison to that in normal uninfected animals (74%). on the other hand, ig bearing b cells in the lamina propria showed an increased incidence and more than ... | 1992 | 1500085 |
| presence of specific immunoglobulin a-secreting cells in peripheral blood after natural infection with shigella sonnei. | the appearance of antigen-specific immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody-secreting cells (ascs) following natural infection with shigella sonnei during a common-source outbreak caused by this organism was evaluated in a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elispot). a mean iga asc value of 2,131.6/10(6) cells against homologous s. sonnei lipopolysaccharide (lps) was detected in blood samples obtained from patients with bacteriologically proven s. sonnei shigellosis 5 and 10 days after the onset ... | 1992 | 1500527 |
| evaluation of two colored latex kits, the wellcolex colour salmonella test and the wellcolex colour shigella test, for serological grouping of salmonella and shigella species. | two colored latex kits (the wellcolex colour salmonella test [wct-salmonella] and the wellcolex colour shigella test [wct-shigella]; division diagnostics, laboratories wellcome s.a., paris, france), which allow identification of the most frequently encountered salmonella serogroups and shigella species, respectively, were evaluated. wct-salmonella and wct-shigella yielded sensitivities of 98.4 and 98%, respectively, and a specificity of 100% when they were tested on pure cultures received at a r ... | 1992 | 1500531 |
| antigenic homology of endotoxin with a coliform mastitis vaccine strain, escherichia coli o111:b4 (j5). | this study examined recognition of heterologous gram-negative endotoxin by antibodies recognizing common lipopolysaccharide core antigens. gram-negative endotoxins from 11 heterologous bacterial strains were tested for recognition by antibodies against common lipopolysaccharide core antigens. serum was harvested from a calf immunized with the rc mutant, escherichia coli o111:b4 (j5), and affinity purified against endotoxin derived from an ra mutant, salmonella typhimurium, producing an antibody ... | 1992 | 1500577 |
| conjugal transferability of multiple antibiotic resistance in three genera of enterobacteriaceae in nigeria. | ninety-eight enteric bacteria were isolated from stool samples of 3,000 diarrhoeal patients during 1988-1989 in ibadan, nigeria. the isolates were: 20 salmonella, 28 shigella and 50 escherichia coli. s. typhi and s. flexneri were most prevalent while serotypes 055, 026 and 0128 were most common among the e. coli. eight resistance patterns to ampicillin (ap), streptomycin (sm), tetracycline (tc) and chloramphenicol (cm), the four commonly used drugs in this environment were observed in the isolat ... | 1992 | 1500645 |
| molecular and cellular biology of shigella flexneri invasiveness: from cell assay systems to shigellosis. | | 1992 | 1505204 |
| the large virulence plasmid of shigella. | | 1992 | 1505205 |
| stool electrolytes in acute dehydrating gastroenteritis. | stool electrolytes were studied in 100 cases of gastroenteritis. the duration of illness was 24-48 hours in 32% and 72-96 hours in 28% of the cases. on stool culture, 43% children had no growth, 23% had enteropathogenic e. coli and 10% had cholera and rotavirus each. the stool sodium loss was more in cholera and shigella cases, diarrhea of shorter duration and in children between 24-30 months of age. potassium loss in the stool was more in shiegella cases, diarrhea of short duration and in child ... | 1992 | 1506098 |
| the relative importance of shigella in the aetiology of childhood gastroenteritis in saudi arabia. | the role of shigella infection in childhood gastroenteritis was studied over a 2-year period. shigella species were found in the faecal specimens of 70 (1%) of 7369 children with gastroenteritis, but in only 1 (0.1%) of 1130 controls. s. flexneri was the commonest isolate (51%), followed by s. sonnei (37%). most shigella species were isolated during the winter. the prevalence of shigellosis was highest for children 1-5 years of age but equal for both sexes. fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and ... | 1992 | 1509239 |
| [etiological structure of dysentery in the republic of armenia]. | in this work materials on the etiological structure of shigella infections at different territories of armenia are presented. four shigella species have been found to circulate in armenia. the dominating etiological agent is s. flexneri with s. sonnei also playing an important role. the serological picture of s. flexneri is characterized by the prevalence of subserovar 2a. | 1992 | 1509848 |
| [the correspondence theory and etiological structure of shigella infections]. | | 1992 | 1509850 |
| [management of patients with traveler's diarrhea]. | traveler's diarrhea starts 5 to 15 days after arrival with 3 or more watery bowel movements daily in 4 to more than 50% of travelers depending on geographical regions. enterotoxin producing strains of e. coli are isolated in 20 to 50% of patients, followed by shigella, salmonella, campylobacter and vibrio spp. rarely giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica and cryptosporidia are causative organisms. the cornerstone of treatment is oral rehydration. the efficacy of anti-diarrhetics is not convinci ... | 1992 | 1509861 |
| bacterial enteric infections and vaccine development. | there is a great need for effective vaccines against the major bacterial enteropathogens. bacterial enteric infections resulting in diarrhea, dysentery, or enteric fever constitute a huge public health problem, with more than a billion episodes of disease and several million deaths annually in developing countries. diarrhea caused by a bacterial enteric infection is also the commonest illness experienced by international travellers. studies of pathogenesis have established the importance of spec ... | 1992 | 1512046 |
| survival of bacterial enteric pathogens in traditional fermented foods. | the survival of strains of bacterial enteric pathogens was investigated in two traditional fermented foods (mahewu and sour porridge) and in unfermented porridge. the foods were inoculated with cell suspensions of salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, aeromonas species and pathogenic escherichia coli which had a final concentration of 10(6)-10(7) cfu/ml of food. none of the strains of aeromonas and campylobacter were detected in mahewu and sour porridge 20 min after inoculation. the salmonellas w ... | 1992 | 1512176 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from animal and food sources. | animals and their by-products have been implicated as important sources of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) associated with disease in humans. vtec comprise a wide range of serotypes and produce a variety of closely related verocytotoxins (vt). a pair of oligonucleotide primers, targeting conserved sequences found in vt1, vt2 and vte genes, was used to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure to detect all types of vtec. supernatants of boiled broth cultures of vtec (223 stra ... | 1992 | 1513344 |
| [sensitivity of shigella to antibiotics]. | three hundred and twenty two shigella cultures isolated from dysentery patients within 1986-1989 were tested with the use of standard paper disks for their sensitivity to levomycetin, streptomycin, tetracycline, monomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, methicillin and doxycycline. the number of the cultures belonging to shigella sonnei amounted to 85.1 per cent of the total number of the strains studied. 91.9, 89.5, 87.3, 87.3, 80.1 and 80.1 ... | 1992 | 1514848 |
| community-based evaluation of the effect of breast-feeding on the risk of microbiologically confirmed or clinically presumptive shigellosis in bangladeshi children. | to assess the association between breast-feeding and the risk of microbiologically confirmed or clinically presumptive shigellosis, the authors performed a case-control analysis of bangladeshi children younger than 3 years of age who were followed up for 1 month after exposure to shigella in their residential neighborhoods. two hundred sixty-nine cases with culture-confirmed shigellosis (n = 119) or clinically presumptive shigellosis (culture-negative dysentery, n = 150) were compared with 819 c ... | 1992 | 1518697 |
| single-dose ciprofloxacin for shigellosis in adults. | | 1992 | 1522320 |
| titres of class-specific antibodies against shigella and salmonella lipopolysaccharide antigens in colostrum and breast milk of costa rican, swedish and vietnamese mothers. | enzyme immunoassays (eia) were used to estimate titres of class-specific antibodies against purified and chemically defined phenol-water-extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens of salmonella serogroup b (bo), shigella dysenteriae type i, plesiomonas shigelloides (the same o-antigen as shigella sonnei) and shigella flexneri y. titres in colostrum and breast milk of swedish, vietnamese and costa rican mothers from various socioeconomic conditions were compared. the antibodies were mainly of th ... | 1992 | 1522329 |
| ceftibuten and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli disease. | in a prospective randomized study at two clinical sites, ceftibuten was compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), both given orally for a period of 5 days, for the treatment of dysentery. twenty-two children were found to have bacillary dysentery caused by shigella and/or enteroinvasive escherichia coli. all organisms isolated were susceptible to ceftibuten; 6 of 20 shigella strains and 4 of 5 enteroinvasive e. coli were resistant to tmp-smx. the diarrhea persisted for a mean (+/- s ... | 1992 | 1523076 |
| efficacy of bovine milk immunoglobulin concentrate in preventing illness after shigella flexneri challenge. | the protective efficacy of oral bovine immunoglobulin concentrates derived from colostrum against challenge with shigella flexneri was studied in healthy adult volunteers in a randomized, double-blind fashion. volunteers were given a product consisting of hyperimmune immunoglobulin concentrate with a high titer of anti-s. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (lps) with sodium bicarbonate or a control preparation with sodium bicarbonate three times a day for seven days. on the third day of treatment, v ... | 1992 | 1524140 |
| solid phase enzyme immunoassays for the quantification of serum amyloid p (sap) and complement component 3 (c3) proteins in acute-phase mouse sera. | simple, reliable and sensitive enzyme immunoassays have been developed for the quantification of the mouse acute-phase sap and c3 proteins. the elisa systems were validated using sera from mice injected with s. dysenteriae endotoxin, and detected 500 pg protein/ml. the assays use 96-well microtitre plates permitting rapid processing of a large number of samples. | 1992 | 1526624 |
| in vitro activity of cefodizime. | cefodizime is a bactericidal cephem with the typical broad spectrum activity of an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: its mic90 is 0.125 mg/l for streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and other streptococci; and 0.05 mg/l for haemophilus spp., neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and moraxella catarrhalis; while beta-lactamase positive strains of m. catarrhalis require 1 mg/l. less than 1 mg/l is needed for escherichia coli, ... | 1992 | 1526673 |
| enteropathogens associated with acute and persistent diarrhea in bangladeshi children less than 5 years of age. | a longitudinal study of diarrhea was carried out from may 1988 to april 1989 by household surveillance of 705 children less than 5 years old in rural bangladesh. stool samples were examined for enteric pathogens at the beginning of each diarrheal episode. for persistent episodes, stool examination was repeated on days 15-17 of the illness. for each case of persistent diarrhea, stool samples from age-matched acute diarrheal and healthy controls were examined. compared with healthy controls, cases ... | 1992 | 1527413 |
| transferrins and heme-compounds as iron sources for pathogenic bacteria. | the low concentration of free iron in body fluids creates bacteriostatic conditions for many microorganisms and is therefore an important defense factor of the body against invading bacteria. pathogenic bacteria have developed several mechanisms for acquiring iron from the host. siderophore-mediated iron uptake involves the synthesis of low molecular weight iron chelators called siderophores which compete with the host iron-binding glycoproteins lactoferrin (lf) and transferrin (tf) for iron. ot ... | 1992 | 1532495 |
| [a 2-year study of the incidence of campylobacteriasis in the district of liptovský mikulás]. | the authors investigated the incidence of campylobacteriosis in the population of the district during 1989-1990. during the above period by cultivation 723 cases of the disease were confirmed, i.e. the incidence in 1989 was 319, the number of cases 428, in 1990 the corresponding figures were 220 and 295. the incidence of campylobacteriosis is significantly higher than that of other investigated bacterial diseases. the authors did not find a significant difference in the incidence of campylobacte ... | 1992 | 1534519 |
| [evaluation of the wellcolex agglutination test for group identification of salmonellae and shigellae]. | color agglutination test wellcolex for rapid group identification of salmonella and shigella species was evaluated. the test revealed high specificity and gave information on presence of salmonella and shigella species in biological material in 24 hours. the test is suitable for standard diagnostic laboratories. | 1992 | 1534522 |
| are intestinal bacteria involved in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis? review article. | observations in bowel-related joint diseases give support to this hypothesis. in crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the bowel wall inflammation is complicated in about 20% of the patients by joint inflammation. bowel infection by salmonella, shigella and yersinia can provoke joint inflammation and supports an etiological link between bowel bacteria and arthritis. the arthropathic properties of the most abundant group of intestinal bacteria, i.e. the obligate anaerobic bacteria, were studied ... | 1992 | 1536716 |
| modification of the methodology of stool culture for salmonella detection. | a total of 4,284 h2s-positive colonies isolated on salmonella-shigella agar and 4,350 isolated on hektoen agar were flooded with 5 microliters of a reagent (mucap test; biolife italiana s.r.l., milan, italy) and observed after 3 to 5 min for the development of fluorescence produced in the presence of the c8 esterase enzyme. all of the 794 colonies isolated on salmonella-shigella agar and the 752 isolated on hektoen agar and identified as positive for salmonella spp. with conventional biochemical ... | 1992 | 1537931 |
| movement along actin filaments of the perijunctional area and de novo polymerization of cellular actin are required for shigella flexneri colonization of epithelial caco-2 cell monolayers. | shigella flexneri invades eucaryotic cells and grows in the cytoplasm. lysis of the phagosomal membrane is a prerequisite for both intracellular multiplication and movement of the bacteria that gain direct access to the host cell actin. in hela cells, bacteria generate their own movement essentially by inducing actin polymerization. polymerization of actin enables them to move rapidly and randomly in the cytoplasm and to spread from one cell to another through protrusions of the host cell membra ... | 1992 | 1541518 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional regulation of a positive regulatory gene of shigella dysenteriae. | a 1,937 bp psti-hindiii fragment containing the ipar locus was cloned from the large invasion plasmid of shigella dysenteriae cg097, and its nucleotide sequence was completely determined. the ipar protein (35 kda, calculated from the dna sequence) was synthesized in escherichia coli chi 1411 minicells containing the 1,937-bp psti-hindiii fragment. to determine the regulatory role of ipar for ipa genes, we applied genetic complementation experiments using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) a ... | 1992 | 1541532 |
| shigella-specific iga in saliva of children with bacillary dysentery. | to study the secretory immune response after shigella infection, the anti-lipopolysaccharide and anti-shiga-toxin response in saliva, obtained from children with confirmed shigellosis and healthy children, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by western blot. children with infection showed high titers compared to healthy controls. after shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection a significant change in titer could be observed in a large number of cases, in contrast to shigella fle ... | 1992 | 1547024 |
| drug resistance and plasmid profile of shigellae in taiwan. | one hundred and twenty-eight shigella strains isolated from newborn and infant human faecal specimens at kaohsiung medical college hospital in taiwan were serogrouped, serotyped and examined for drug-resistance patterns and for the presence of plasmids. forty-seven per cent of the isolates were found to belong to the shigella sonnei serogroup, 41% to the s. flexneri group, 9% to the s. boydii group and 3% to the s. dysenteriae group. the serotype with the greatest number of strains was s. sonnei ... | 1992 | 1547844 |
| shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: combined cytotoxic effects of shiga toxin and lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) on human vascular endothelial cells in vitro. | this study explores the in vitro relationship between shiga toxin-producing shigella spp. and escherichia coli and the development of vascular complications in humans following bacillary dysentery. we propose that lipopolysaccharide (lps; endotoxin) may combine with shiga toxin to facilitate vascular damage characteristic of hemolytic uremic syndrome. we have examined the direct cytotoxic effects of shiga toxin and lps on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) in culture. shiga toxin alo ... | 1992 | 1548077 |
| bacteriophage lytic patterns for identification of salmonellae, shigellae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter cloacae. | a series of bacteriophages specific for escherichia coli (e-1, e-2, e-3, and e-4), citrobacter freundii (phi i, phi ii, and phi iii), enterobacter cloacae (ent), and shigella spp. (sh) have been isolated from hospital sewage. these bacteriophages, in combination with felix salmonella phage o-i, were used as a diagnostic phage typing set which included seven phage preparations: o-i, c (phi i and phi iii), sh, e (e-1 and e-2), ce (phi ii and e-3), e-4, and ent. after 20,280 cultures of 27 species ... | 1992 | 1551974 |
| natural immunity to shigellosis in two groups with different previous risks of exposure to shigella is only partly expressed by serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide. | | 1992 | 1552217 |
| [molecular and cellular bases of the virulence of shigella flexneri]. | shigella flexneri, a gram negative bacillus, causes bacillary dysentery, an ulcerative disease of the human colon, by invading intestinal epithelial cells. entry into epithelial cells occurs via an induced phagocytic process which involves the actino-myosin complex. the host-cell receptor and the transmembrane signal which initiate reorganization of the cytoskeleton are under study. binding to integrins has recently been demonstrated in related models such as the entry of yersinia pseudotubercul ... | 1992 | 1554236 |
| auxotrophic live oral shigella flexneri vaccine protects monkeys against challenge with s. flexneri of different serotypes. | the aromatic-dependent live shigella flexneri y strain sfl114, attenuated by a tn10-inactivated arod gene, was given as an oral vaccine to 14 macaca fascicularis monkeys. a significant clinical attenuation of sfl114 was seen (p = 0.0058) as all vaccinated monkeys tolerated 2 x 10(10)-1 x 10(11) bacteria of sfl114, whereas four out of seven monkeys orally given 1 x 10(11) of the virulent parent strain sfl1 developed shigellosis. the average excretion time for sfl114 and sfl1 were 2 and 18 days, r ... | 1992 | 1557932 |
| a one-year study of enteric campylobacter infections in singapore. | a total of 7344 inpatients with diarrhoea were investigated for campylobacter infections in singapore over one year. campylobacter species were recovered from 1.2% of diarrhoeal stools; 70.3% of the 91 campylobacters were from children under 5 years of age. further identification of these isolates showed that 89% were campylobacter jejuni and 10.9% were c. coli, and a high level of resistance to erythromycin was observed among them. concomitant isolation of salmonella species or shigella species ... | 1992 | 1560479 |
| shigellosis in thai children: epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features. | two hundred thirty cases of shigellosis in children managed at chulalongkorn hospital from 1984 to 1988 were reviewed. the most common presentation included diarrhea, most frequently with mucus and blood, and fever. there were no deaths. the most common species was shigella flexneri (83.5%) which showed increasing resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | 1992 | 1565537 |
| childhood shigellosis in saudi arabia. | in this study 234 children with shigellosis were evaluated during a 6-year period. the ages ranged from 2 days to 13 years (mean, 3.4 years). sixty percent of the children were in the 1- to 4-year age group. one hundred four children were hospitalized and 130 were outpatients. most cases of shigellosis presented during the months of april-may and september-november. shigella flexneri accounted for 44% and shigella sonnei for 43% of the isolates. susceptibility testing showed that 54% were resist ... | 1992 | 1565538 |