Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens. | to develop in vitro assays for comparing the antagonistic properties and anti-oxidative activity of probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains against various entero- and urinary pathogens. | 2006 | 16696680 |
| epidemiology and genetic characterization of shigella flexneri strains isolated from three paediatric populations in egypt (2000-2004). | ninety-seven isolates of shigella flexneri from children seeking medical care from three sites in egypt were characterized. overall, 46.4% of children (median age 17 months) were febrile or reported blood in their stools, 25.8% were dehydrated and 16.5% were admitted to hospital. serotypes 2a (37.1%), 1b (18.6%), 1c (17.5%), and 6 (15.5%) comprised over 88.7% of the total isolates. we observed marked resistance to ampicillin (87.6%), tetracycline (84.5%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.9%) ... | 2006 | 16690004 |
| anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies in acute appendicitis detected by elisa. | in acute appendicitis the bowel transmissibility of the intestinal flora increases in relation to inflammation and edema formation. we can therefore observe an immunologic response in patients, which is detectable using different bacteria isolated from the normal intestinal flora. our aim was to measure this immunologic reaction and to detect the relationship between this response and histologic types of acute appendicitis. sera from 47 cases, comprising 38 patients suffering from appendicitis a ... | 2006 | 16689825 |
| sex and virulence in escherichia coli: an evolutionary perspective. | pathogenic escherichia coli cause over 160 million cases of dysentery and one million deaths per year, whereas non-pathogenic e. coli constitute part of the normal intestinal flora of healthy mammals and birds. the evolutionary pathways underlying this dichotomy in bacterial lifestyle were investigated by multilocus sequence typing of a global collection of isolates. specific pathogen types [enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, enteropathogenic e. coli, enteroinvasive e. coli, k1 and shigella] have arise ... | 2006 | 16689791 |
| [antibiotic resistance, plasmid profile and ribotyping in cuban shigella sonnei strains]. | 2006 | 16688295 | |
| incidence, etiology, and impact of diarrhea among long-term travelers (us military and similar populations): a systematic review. | to determine regional estimates of pathogen-specific prevalence and incidence, as well as, describe morbidity associated with diarrhea among deployed us military and similar populations, a systematic review was conducted for publications between january 1990 to june 2005. point estimates and confidence intervals of pathogen prevalence and travelers' diarrhea incidence were combined in a random effects model and assessed for heterogeneity. in total, 262 studies were identified for potential inclu ... | 2006 | 16687698 |
| the emerging strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 in bangladesh are clonal. | a total of 113 strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 isolated from patients attending the dhaka diarrhoea treatment centre of icddr,b: centre for health and population research during the period 1999-2004 were studied. serotype of the isolates was confirmed using commercially available antisera. except for arabinose fermentation, all the strains had similar biochemical reactions. more than 60% of the strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics; only 6% (n=7) of the strains were resistan ... | 2006 | 16684401 |
| the effects of alpha-lactalbumin and glycomacropeptide on the association of caco-2 cells by enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri. | two milk components, alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) and glycomacropeptide (gmp) may inhibit intestinal infection/intoxification. (3)[h] thymidine-labeled enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), salmonella typhimurium (atcc 6994) or shigella flexneri (atcc 9199) were introduced to caco-2 cultures and their association with caco-2 cells was assessed. undigested, pepsin-digested and pepsin- and pancreatin-digested alpha-lactalbumin and glycomacropeptide inhibited association. thus, milk supplemente ... | 2006 | 16684117 |
| antimicrobial activity of znii, cdii, and hgii complexes of 1,2-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols and 1,4-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols. | 1,2-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl/no2)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols (l1-l4), 1,4-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols (l5-l7) and their complexes with zncl2, cdcl2 and hgcl2 were synthesized and antibacterial activity of the compounds was tested toward staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis and antifungal activity against candida albicans. hgii complexes have ... | 2005 | 16681142 |
| antimicrobial activity of 1,2-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]- 1,2-ethanediols, 1,4-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]- 1,2,3,4-butanetetraols and their feiii, cuii, and agi complexes. | 1,2-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl/no2)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols (l1-l4), 1,4-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols (l5-l7) and their complexes with fecl3, cucl2, and agno3 were synthesized; antibacterial activity of the compounds was determined toward staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis, and antifungal activity against candida albicans. the a ... | 2005 | 16681141 |
| xylose utilization and short-chain fatty acid production by selected components of the intestinal microflora of a rodent pollinator (aethomys namaquensis). | namaqua rock mice (aethomys namaquensis) consume nectar xylose when visiting protea flowers. whole-animal metabolism studies suggest that the gastrointestinal microflora plays an important role in xylose metabolism in a. namaquensis. we collected caecal contents under anaerobic conditions, cultured caecal microflora both aerobically and anaerobically, and assessed caecal microbial xylose utilization using a (14)c-xylose incubation assay. all four mice sampled hosted culturable caecal micro-organ ... | 2006 | 16676189 |
| future needs and directions for shigella vaccines. | 2006 | 16673461 | |
| direct visualization of red fluorescent lipoproteins indicates conservation of the membrane sorting rules in the family enterobacteriaceae. | chimeras created by fusing the monomeric red fluorescent protein (rfp) to a bacterial lipoprotein signal peptide (liporfps) were visualized in the cell envelope by epifluorescence microscopy. plasmolysis of the bacteria separated the inner and outer membranes, allowing the specific subcellular localization of liporfps to be determined in situ. when equipped with the canonical inner membrane lipoprotein retention signal cdsr, liporfp was located in the inner membrane in escherichia coli, whereas ... | 2006 | 16672606 |
| future directions for research on enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccines for developing countries. | 2006 | 16671213 | |
| synthesis of hexa- to tridecasaccharides related to shigella dysenteriae type 1 for incorporation in experimental vaccines. | hexa- to tridecasaccharides corresponding to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of the gram-negative bacterium shigella dysenteriae type 1 were synthesized in solution phase. the syntheses utilized tetra-, octa-, and dodecasaccharide intermediates that represent one to three contiguous tetrasaccharide repeating units of the o-sp [synlett2003, 743]. these compounds were glycosylated with mono-, di-, and trisaccharide trichloroacetamidates, which were synthesized in this study. the excellent ste ... | 2006 | 16650395 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among gastroenteritis-causing pathogens recovered in europe and latin america and salmonella isolates recovered from bloodstream infections in north america and latin america: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2003). | gastroenteritis-causing pathogens are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. complicating the clinical diarrhoea syndrome is the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the responsible bacterial pathogens. the reported increases in fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella, shigella and campylobacter have been extremely worrisome considering the primary role of ciprofloxacin as a treatment. in this study, 1479 bacterial isolates from gastroenteritis infections were col ... | 2006 | 16647842 |
| fast, easy and efficient: site-specific insertion of transgenes into enterobacterial chromosomes using tn7 without need for selection of the insertion event. | inserting transgenes into bacterial chromosomes is generally quite involved, requiring a selection for cells carrying the insertion, usually for drug-resistance, or multiple cumbersome manipulations, or both. several approaches use phage lambda red recombination, which allows for the possibility of mutagenesis of the transgene during a pcr step. | 2006 | 16646962 |
| [application of pulse field gel electrophoresis in molecular typing method on dealing with the outbreak of intestinal pathogen]. | to explore and establish fast and sensitive typing diagnostic methods on intestinal pathogen. | 2006 | 16640911 |
| [the development of irritable bowel syndrome after shigella infection: 3 year follow-up study]. | bacterial gastroenteritis seems to be a risk factor of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). the incidence of post-infectious ibs (pi-ibs) was reported to be in the range of 7-31%, but few studies have reported long term follow-up results. so, we investigated the clinical course and prognosis of pi-ibs three years after shigella infection. | 2006 | 16632982 |
| newly identified bacteriophages carrying the stx2g shiga toxin gene isolated from escherichia coli strains in polluted waters. | shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages are the main vehicle involved in horizontal transmission of stx1 and stx2 genes, which has led to the current spread of stx genes among a high number of escherichia coli serotypes and other enterobacteria. several stx gene variants have been described, although some of the variants have never been isolated from inducible bacteriophages. in this study, two stx2g-carrying bacteriophages induced from two different e. coli o2:h25 strains isolated from different ... | 2006 | 16630267 |
| a recurring outbreak of shigella sonnei among traditionally observant jewish children in new york city: the risks of daycare and household transmission. | dispersed community outbreaks of shigella sonnei have occurred cyclically among traditionally observant jews in the united states. in february 2000, we investigated a s. sonnei outbreak in one jewish community in new york city. to determine risk factors for introduction of infection into households, we conducted a cohort study of households to compare risk factors for illness among primary subjects within households and age-matched well siblings. isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electr ... | 2006 | 16623986 |
| mucosal adjuvant properties of the shigella invasin complex. | the shigella invasin complex (invaplex) is an effective mucosal vaccine capable of protecting against shigella challenge in animal models. the major antigenic constituents of invaplex are the ipa proteins and lipopolysaccharide. the cell-binding capacity of the ipa proteins prompted the investigation into the adjuvanticity of invaplex. using ovalbumin (ova) as a model antigen, intranasal immunization with ova combined with invaplex was found to enhance anti-ova serum immunoglobulin g (igg) and i ... | 2006 | 16622224 |
| ospe2 of shigella sonnei is required for the maintenance of cell architecture of bacterium-infected cells. | the ospe2 product of shigella spp., the expression of which is regulated by the mxie gene, is secreted through a type iii secretion system into host cells. we investigated the function of ospe2 of shigella sonnei by using cultured epithelial cells. cells invaded by an ospe2 deletion mutant altered their morphology into the rounding shape, which was not due to cell death, whereas cells invaded by the wild-type strain kept their cell shape intact. the ospe2 mutation did not affect initial cell ent ... | 2006 | 16622194 |
| antienterobacterial activity of hemidesmus indicus r. br. root extract. | the antienterobacterial activity of the chloroform and methanol extracts of hemidesmus indicus root was demonstrated using a variety of methods and different enterobacterial strains. although the constituents were similar in the chloroform extract (chi) and the fatty substance separated (me1) from the methanol extract (mhi), me1 was found to be more effective than chi as evident from the disc diffusion method. me1 was found to be more active than mhi, followed by chi. this may be due to the inef ... | 2006 | 16619372 |
| archaeology and evolution of transfer rna genes in the escherichia coli genome. | transfer rna genes tend to be presented in multiple copies in the genomes of most organisms, from bacteria to eukaryotes. the evolution and genomic structure of trna genes has been a somewhat neglected area of molecular evolution. escherichia coli, the first phylogenetic species for which more than two different strains have been sequenced, provides an invaluable framework to study the evolution of trna genes. in this work, a detailed analysis of the trna structure of the genomes of escherichia ... | 2006 | 16618964 |
| synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial and anticonvulsant activities of some new 3-[2- (5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl/4-carbethoxymethylthiazol-2-yl) imino-4-thiazolidinon-5-ylidene]-5-substituted/nonsubstituted 1h-indole-2-ones and investigation of their structure-activity relationships. | in the present study, 20 new compounds having 3-[2-(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) imino-4-thiazolidinon-5-ylidene]-5-substituted/nonsubstituted 1h-indole-2-one (i-xii) and 3-[2-(4-carbethoxymethylthiazol-2-yl)imino-4-thiazoldinon-5-ylidenel-5-substituted/nonsubstituted ih-indole-2-one (xiii-xx) systems were synthesized. the structures were confirmed by spectral methods (uv, ir, 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, 13c-dept (135), electron impact mass spectrometry) and elemental analysis. all compounds were tested fo ... | 2006 | 16618017 |
| preliminary foodnet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 states, united states, 2005. | foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the united states. the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) of cdc's emerging infections program collects data from 10 u.s. states regarding diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food. foodnet quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active, population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed illness. this report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2005 ... | 2006 | 16617286 |
| homology modeling and molecular dynamics study of chorismate synthase from shigella flexneri. | shigellosis is a major public health problem in many developing countries. antibiotic therapy can reduce the severity of the dysentery and prevent potentially lethal complication. however, owing to the increased resistance to most of the widely used and inexpensive antibiotics, there is an urgent need for new antibacterial agents, particularly those that act on novel targets. chorismate synthase (cs) is a key enzyme in the shikimic acid pathway, which is essential for the synthesis of aromatic a ... | 2006 | 16616535 |
| identification of dominant bacteria in feces and colonic mucosa from healthy spanish adults by culturing and by 16s rdna sequence analysis. | the aim of this work was to examine by culturing the changes in the total and indicator populations of the feces of two individuals over 1 year and to identify the dominant microbial components of a single sample of feces from each donor. populations and dominant bacteria from a sample of colonic mucosa from a further individual were also assessed. the culture results were then compared to those obtained with the same samples by 16s rdna cloning and sequencing. high interindividual variation in ... | 2006 | 16614998 |
| etiology of diarrheal infections in children of porto velho (rondonia, western amazon region, brazil). | in the present study, 470 children less than 72 months of age and presenting acute diarrhea were examined to identify associated enteropathogenic agents. viruses were the pathogens most frequently found in stools of infants with diarrhea, including 111 cases of rotavirus (23.6% of the total diarrhea cases) and 30 cases of adenovirus (6.3%). the second group was diarrheogenic escherichia coli (86 cases, 18.2%), followed by salmonella sp (44 cases, 9.3%) and shigella sp (24 cases, 5.1%). using the ... | 2006 | 16612474 |
| human campylobacter-associated enteritis on the caribbean island of barbados. | a longitudinal study of the incidence of campylobacter enteritis in barbados was undertaken from january 2000 to august 2003. diarrheal stools received by the central public health laboratory were cultured for campylobacter. the number of reported campylobacter cases exceeded those of shigella but were less than those of salmonella, and increased steadily with each year. isolates from stools were mainly c. jejuni (63.6%) and c. coli (31.8%). the highest isolation rate was found in children 1-4 y ... | 2006 | 16606996 |
| patients with gastrointestinal complains due to enteric parasites, with reference to entamoeba histolytica/dispar as dected by elisa e. histolytica adhesion in stool. | a total of 210 patients with gastrointestinal troubles, of both sex and a mean age of 32 +/- 6.1 years, selected from the outpatient's clinics of al-azhar university hospitals. 115 (54.76%) had dysentery, 95 (45.23%) did not have dysentery, 15 (14%) suffered flatulence, 20 (9.52%) had epi-gastric pain, 19 (9.05%) had vague abdominal pain, 5 vomiting (5.2%) and 10 (4.9%) had fever. two symptoms were in 29 (13.81%) patients and three symptoms in 12 (5.71%). of the 210 patients, 20 (9.9%) had helmi ... | 2006 | 16605100 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of substituted flavones, 4-thioflavones and 4-iminoflavones. | synthesis of flavones, 4-thioflavones and 4-iminoflavones was carried out with the substitution of variable halogens, methyl, methoxy and nitro groups in the a, b and ab rings of the respective compounds and we also report here their antibacterial activity. most of the synthesized compounds were found to be active against escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, shigella flexnari, salmonella aureus, salmonella typhi and pseudomonas aeruginosa. activity of 4-thioflavones and 4-iminoflavones was found ... | 2006 | 16603364 |
| enteric infections and the vaccines to counter them: future directions. | while it is well-recognized that diarrheal diseases remain the second most frequent cause of mortality among children <60 months of age in the developing world, there is nevertheless a need to obtain more precise mortality and hospitalization burden data in populations living in the world's least developed areas. there is also a glaring need to obtain robust etiology data in relation to the different diarrheal disease clinical syndromes, including serotypes of shigella and antigenic types of ete ... | 2006 | 16603279 |
| standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli: the pulsenet europe feasibility study. | pulsenet usa, the american molecular subtyping network for foodborne infections, has since 1996 been highly successful combating infections caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157, salmonella, listeria, and shigella spp. the pulsenet europe feasibility study was initiated to ascertain the interest of public health and veterinary reference laboratories to establish a similar network, and to determine if it was possible to perform standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ... | 2006 | 16602982 |
| standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and shigella for pulsenet. | standardized rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) protocols for the subtyping of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella serotypes, and shigella species are described. these protocols are used by laboratories in pulsenet, a network of state and local health departments, and other public health laboratories that perform real-time pfge subtyping of these bacterial foodborne pathogens for surveillance and outbreak investigations. development and standardization of these protocols consisted of ... | 2006 | 16602980 |
| pulsenet usa: a five-year update. | pulsenet usa is the molecular surveillance network for foodborne infections in the united states. since its inception in 1996, it has been instrumental in detection, investigation and control of numerous outbreaks caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:[h7] (stec o157), salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, shigella spp., and campylobacter. this paper describes the current status of the network, including the methodologies used and its future possibilities. the currently pr ... | 2006 | 16602975 |
| investigating bacillary dysentery: the role of laboratory, technique and people. | 2006 | 16600682 | |
| the action of photosensitizers and serum in a bactericidal process. ii. the effects of dyes: hypericin, eosin y and saphranine o. | the aim of the present work was to recognize the reasons for differences in the photodynamic action of dyes against various bacterial strains. it is expected that a better understanding of this problem may help in design of new photosensitizers. the sensitivity of 6 various bacterial strains to the photodynamic action of 5 photosensitizers was determined. the hydrophobicity of cell surface and susceptibility of bacteria to the natural defense mechanism of human serum, were estimated. the differe ... | 2005 | 16599305 |
| prevalence of shigella species and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in eastern nepal. | the study was conducted to determine the prevalence of shigella species and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in eastern nepal. stool samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory of b.p. koirala institute of health sciences, nepal, during august 2000-july 2004, were cultured for shigella species and were confirmed by biochemical and serological tests. of 53 shigella species isolated, shigella dysenteriae type 1 was the most predominant isolate (73.7%), followed by s. flexneri (23%) and s ... | 2005 | 16599104 |
| characteristics of a high frequency of recombination (hfr) strain of salmonella typhosa compatible with salmonella, shigella, and escherichia species. | 1959 | 16590568 | |
| rifaximin, a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic, prevents shigellosis after experimental challenge. | this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the nonabsorbed oral antibiotic rifaximin to prevent shigellosis in volunteers challenged with shigella flexneri. | 2006 | 16586388 |
| rectal bleeding in infancy: clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination. | rectal bleeding is an alarming symptom and requires additional investigation. in infants it has been explained mainly by hypersensitivity. in addition to dietary antigens, intraluminal microbial agents challenge the immature gut mucosa. although controlled in the mature gut, these antigens may induce inflammation in the developing gastrointestinal tract. the objectives of this study were to evaluate prospectively the clinical course of rectal bleeding and evaluate the impact of cow's milk allerg ... | 2006 | 16585287 |
| [purification and properties of citrobacter freundii phytase]. | phytase (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.3.26) catalyses the stepwise hydrolysis of phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate). phytases are of great commercial importance due to their usage as supplement of food and animal feed, which can cater to nutrition demands and alleviate environmental problems, has been approved by many countries. although acid phytases have been extensively studied, information regarding the phytases from citrobacter is limited. in t ... | 2006 | 16579482 |
| some factors affecting the toxicity of cultures of shigella dysenteriae. | 1942 | 16578056 | |
| isolation & antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella from patients with acute gastroenteritis in western nepal. | shigellae play an important role as a causative organism of acute gastroenteritis, which is a global health problem with significant morbidity and mortality in especially in developing countries. this study was carried out to determine the isolation and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of shigella in patients with acute gastroenteritis in western nepal. | 2006 | 16575113 |
| in vitro antibacterial, antifungal & cytotoxic activity of some isonicotinoylhydrazide schiff's bases and their cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes. | isonicotinoylhydrazide schiff's bases formed by the reaction of substituted and unsubstituted furyl-2-carboxaldehyde and thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde with isoniazid and, their co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, bacillus cereus, corynebac ... | 2006 | 16570512 |
| prolonged outbreak of giardiasis with two modes of transmission. | large outbreaks of giardiasis caused by person-to-person transmission, or a combination of transmission routes, have not previously been reported. a large, prolonged giardiasis outbreak affected families belonging to a country club in a suburb of boston, massachusetts, during june-december 2003. we conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the source of this outbreak. giardiasis-compatible illness was experienced by 149 (25%) respondents to a questionnaire, and was laboratory confirmed ... | 2006 | 16569269 |
| [modulation of molecular signaling mechanisms in excitable cells by toxins and bacterial substances]. | the mechanisms of bacterial substances (protein a, peptidoglican staphylococcus aureus), bacterium toxins (st. aureus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, shigella dysenteriae, clostridium botulinum, clostridium tetani, vibrio choleral), transfer factor of immune reactivity to staphylococcus aureus upon the key link (acetylcholine-, atp-, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate-, ryanodin-sensitive receptors, g-proteins, ca2+, k(+)-transporting systems, second messengers) in the chain of signal conduction of excit ... | 2005 | 16566125 |
| carbohydrates as future anti-adhesion drugs for infectious diseases. | adhesion of pathogenic organisms to host tissues is the prerequisite for the initiation of the majority of infectious diseases. in many systems, it is mediated by lectins present on the surface of the infectious organism that bind to complementary carbohydrates on the surface of the host tissues. lectin-deficient mutants often lack the ability to initiate infection. the bacterial lectins are typically in the form of elongated submicroscopic multi-subunit protein appendages, known as fimbriae (or ... | 2006 | 16564136 |
| genomic divergence of escherichia coli strains: evidence for horizontal transfer and variation in mutation rates. | this report describes the sequencing in the escherichia coli b genome of 36 randomly chosen regions that are present in most or all of the fully sequenced e. coli genomes. the phylogenetic relationships among e. coli strains were examined, and evidence for the horizontal gene transfer and variation in mutation rates was determined. the overall phylogenetic tree indicated that e. coli b and k-12 are the most closely related strains, with e. coli o157:h7 being more distantly related, shigella flex ... | 2005 | 16562379 |
| immunological tolerance to microbial antigens i. absence of specific antibody-containing cells in lymphoid tissue of mice injected at birth with shigella soluble antigen. | friedman, herman (albert einstein medical center, philadelphia, pa.). immunological tolerance to microbial antigens. i. absence of specific antibody-containing cells in lymphoid tissue of mice injected at birth with shigella soluble antigen. j. bacteriol. 92:390-397. 1966.-injection of a relatively large concentration of shigella soluble antigen (ssa) into newborn mice results in specific immunological tolerance (paralysis) characterized by inability of the animals to form normal levels of anti- ... | 1966 | 16562126 |
| protection of monkeys against experimental shigellosis with attenuated vaccines. | formal, samuel b. (walter reed army institute of research, washington, d.c.), e. h. labrec, amos palmer, and stanley falkow. protection of monkeys against experimental shigellosis with attenuated vaccines. j. bacteriol. 90:63-68. 1965.-two shigella flexneri 2a strains of reduced virulence were used as oral vaccines to protect monkeys against experimental challenge. one strain, a spontaneous mutant, had lost its ability to cause disease and was unable to penetrate the intestinal epithelium and re ... | 1965 | 16562044 |
| epithelial cell penetration as an essential step in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery. | labrec, eugene h., herman schneider, thomas j. magnani, and samuel b. formal. epithelial cell penetration as an essential step in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery. j. bacteriol. 88:1503-1518. 1964.-a parent strain of shigella flexneri 2a and a colonial mutant derived from it were studied in three animal models. both strains were equally virulent for mice when living cells suspended in hog gastric mucin were injected by the intraperitoneal route. feeding the parent strain to starved guinea ... | 1964 | 16562000 |
| the relationship of shigella dispar to certain coliform bacteria. | 1949 | 16561811 | |
| study on toxins and antigens of shigella dysenteriae ii. : active protection of rabbits with whole organisms and fractions of shigella dysenteriae. | 1949 | 16561797 | |
| shigella nomenclature. | 1949 | 16561743 | |
| study on toxins and antigens of shigella dysenteriae i. : toxicity and antigenicity of whole organisms and various fractions of shigella dysenteriae. | 1949 | 16561742 | |
| shigella tieté. | 1948 | 16561515 | |
| description of strain c27: a motile organism with the major antigen of shigella sonnei phase i. | 1947 | 16561346 | |
| the action of pasteurella pestis bacteriophage on strains of pasteurella, salmonella, and shigella. | 1947 | 16561327 | |
| shigella types encountered in the mediterranean area. | 1947 | 16561261 | |
| urea decomposition as a means of differentiating proteus and paracolon cultures from each other and from salmonella and shigella types. | 1946 | 16561200 | |
| the serological relationship between erwinia tracheiphila and species of shigella. | 1946 | 16561192 | |
| hydrogen sulfide formation by shigella alkalescens. | 1946 | 16561144 | |
| additional shigella paradysenteriae serotype. | 1946 | 16561096 | |
| the mannitol negative shigella group. | 1946 | 16561085 | |
| antigenic complex of shigella paradysenteriae, boyd type p274. | 1946 | 16561065 | |
| two paracolon cultures related antigenically to shigella paradysenteriae. | 1946 | 16561052 | |
| biochemical variants of shigella alkalescens types i and ii. | 1945 | 16560978 | |
| the increase of bacteriophage in vivo during experimental infections with shigella paradysenteriae, flexner, in mice. | 1945 | 16560915 | |
| sucrose fermentation by shigella alkalescens. | 1944 | 16560859 | |
| species differentiation within the genus shigella by test for reduction of trimethylamine oxide. | 1944 | 16560808 | |
| the formation of trimethylamine from choline as a characteristic of shigella alkalescens. | 1944 | 16560779 | |
| an arabinose-fermenting bacterium of the lactose-negative, mannitol-negative shigella group. | 1944 | 16560761 | |
| a primary division of the genus shigella based on the trimethylamine test. | 1943 | 16560673 | |
| further studies on the eijkman reactions of shigella cultures. | 1943 | 16560672 | |
| factors limiting bacterial growth: v. fractional sedimentation of shigella. | 1939 | 16560265 | |
| the cultural and antigenic properties of shigella sonnei. | 1939 | 16560207 | |
| the specificity of the agglutinin reaction for shigella dysenteriae: ii. agglutinin absorption relationships between shigella dysenteriae and escherichia coli. | 1939 | 16560187 | |
| fermentative variability of shigella paradysenteriae, sonne. | 1936 | 16559888 | |
| studies in microbic dissociation: ii. changes in the biological characters of shigella paradysenteriae during dissociation and partial reversion. | 1935 | 16559812 | |
| studies on rough and smooth variants of shigella equirulis (b. nephritidis-equi). | 1932 | 16559587 | |
| identification of two widely separated loci conferring nicotinic acid dependence on wild-type shigella flexneri 2a. | two widely separated loci causing the nicotinic acid dependence of wild-type shigella flexneri 2a were identified by intergeneric mating procedures and found to be closely linked to the gal and fuc chromosomal determinants. | 1971 | 16558004 |
| a chromosomal locus which controls the ability of shigella flexneri to evoke keratoconjunctivitis. | the primary step in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery is the penetration of intestinal epithelial cells by shigellae. lacking this capacity, shigella flexneri becomes avirulent. by means of intergeneric conjugation between various escherichia coli k-12 hfr strains and s. flexneri 2a virulent recipients and by reciprocal transduction analysis with phage p1 vir, we established a locus on the genome of s. flexneri 2a which is necessary for the ability of this strain to penetrate epithelial ce ... | 1971 | 16557949 |
| correlation between pathogenicity of shigella and intraperitoneal survival in mice. | phagocytosis of virulent and avirulent strains of shigella and escherichia coli in the mouse peritoneum was studied. a direct correlation between bacterial virulence and resistance to phagocytosis by peritoneal phagocytes was demonstrated. virulent strains were less readily cleared and were able to multiply to a limited extent within the peritoneal cavity. an epimerase-deficient, rough mutant of s. flexneri 2a was highly susceptible to phagocytosis. restoration of the cell wall structure in thes ... | 1970 | 16557879 |
| inhibition of shigella flexneri by the normal intestinal flora iii. interactions with bacteroides fragilis strains in vitro. | five strains of bacteroides fragilis isolated from human feces were assayed for their inhibitory activities against shigella flexneri in vitro. inhibition was not detected when shigella and the bacteroides strains were simultaneously inoculated into a defined liquid medium containing glucose. inhibition was apparent only when shigella was inoculated into established bacteroides cultures. in exponential-phase cultures, the shigella growth rate was diminished and logarithmic growth was prematurely ... | 1970 | 16557847 |
| bdellovibrio bacteriovorus parasitism in shigella species. | bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was capable of parasitizing shigella boydii, s. flexneri, and s. sonnei. the bdellovibrio was able to produce plaques on lawns consisting of heat-killed or ultraviolet-irradiated s. boydii. | 1970 | 16557841 |
| modifying effect of colicin on experimental shigella keratoconjunctivitis. | the ability of colicinogenic bacteria and colicin to inhibit shigella sonnei during the course of infection was studied. infection of the guinea pig conjunctivae was used as the experimental model. in s. sonnei-infected guinea pig conjunctivae which were treated with a colicinogenic strain of escherichia coli or with colicin, the number of s. sonnei cells was lower than in animals infected with s. sonnei but not treated. the decrease in the number of pathogenic organisms was associated with abse ... | 1970 | 16557793 |
| infection of cultured mouse macrophages with shigella flexneri. | virulent, avirulent, and attenuated hybrid strains of shigella flexneri 2a are equally susceptible to phagocytosis by cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. the virulent strain is highly lethal for the macrophages, whereas the avirulent is not and is killed. the attenuated hybrid strain is intermediate in its lethality. comparable results were obtained by using virulent and avirulent s. flexneri 1b, 3, and 5. destruction of macrophages occurs shortly after infection, suggesting virulent strains ... | 1970 | 16557758 |
| genetic transfer of shigella flexneri antigens to escherichia coli k-12. | the genes controlling synthesis of shigella flexneri group- and type-specific antigens were transferred to escherichia coli k-12 recipients by conjugation with an s. flexneri hfr. after mating e. coli with an hfr strain of s. flexneri 2a and selecting for his(+) recombinants, a high proportion of the e. coli hybrids agglutinated in s. flexneri grouping serum. none of these hybrids expressed s. flexneri type-specific antigen ii. when an e. coli his(+) hybrid possessing the s. flexneri group antig ... | 1970 | 16557729 |
| antibody response to bacterial antigens: characteristics of antibody response to somatic antigens of salmonella typhimurium. | the character of the antibody response in the rabbit to salmonella typhimurium somatic (o) antigen was similar to the response to each of several serotypes of shigella flexneri o antigens, namely a predominance of production of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody. lipopolysaccharide protein (lpsp) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) fractions of salmonella o antigen differed significantly in both quantitative and qualitative aspects of their immunogenicity. lpsp elicited high levels of agglutinins and also ... | 1970 | 16557720 |
| construction of a multivalent vaccine strain of shigella flexneri and evaluation of serotype-specific immunity. | shigella flexneri causes more fatalities by shigellosis than any other shigella species. there are 13 different serotypes of s. flexneri and their distribution varies between endemic geographical regions. the immune response against s. flexneri is serotype-specific, so current immunization strategies have required the administration of multiple vaccine strains to provide protection against multiple serotypes. in this study, we report the construction of a multivalent s. flexneri vaccine strain, ... | 2006 | 16553820 |
| exoproducts of the escherichia coli strain h22 inhibiting some enteric pathogens both in vitro and in vivo. | the antagonistic activity of the escherichia coli strain h22 against enteric bacteria was studied both in vitro and in vivo. | 2006 | 16553738 |
| immunocapture uppcr combined with dgge for rapid detection of shigella species. | to develop an immunocapture universal primer pcr (iuppcr) combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and evaluate it as a method permitting rapid detection of shigella species and their serotypes. | 2006 | 16553735 |
| shia abrogates the innate t-cell response to shigella flexneri infection. | shigella spp. are the causative agent of bacillary dysentery. infection results in acute colonic injury due to the host inflammatory response. the mediators of the damage, infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn), also resolve the infection. shigella flexneri's virulence effectors are encoded on its large virulence plasmid and on pathogenicity islands in the chromosome. the shi-2 pathogenicity island encodes the virulence factor shia, which down-regulates shigella-induced inflammation. in ... | 2006 | 16552062 |
| development of a hybrid shiga holotoxoid vaccine to elicit heterologous protection against shiga toxins types 1 and 2. | the hemolytic uremic syndrome is a life-threatening sequela that occurs after infection with shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) or shigella dysenteriae type 1, and stx is responsible for initiating this syndrome. an stec isolate can express stx1, stx2, or both, but antisera to stx1 and stx2 are not cross-neutralizing. to produce a single vaccine candidate against both toxins, we created a genetic toxoid that contained the enzymatically-inactivated stxa2 subunit and the native st ... | 2006 | 16551486 |
| multiple promoters control expression of the yersinia enterocolitica phage-shock-protein a (pspa) operon. | the widely conserved phage-shock-protein a (pspa) operon encodes an extracytoplasmic stress response system that is essential for virulence in yersinia enterocolitica, and has been linked to other important phenotypes in escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri. regulation of pspa operon expression is mediated through a promoter upstream of pspa that depends on sigma factor rpon (sigma(54)) and the enhancer binding protein pspf. pspa, pspb and pspc, encoded within the pspa ope ... | 2006 | 16549664 |
| dendritic cells in the recognition of intestinal microbiota. | mucosal dendritic cells (dcs) constantly survey the luminal microenvironment which contains commensal microbiota and potentially harmful organisms regulating pathogen recognition and adaptive as well as innate defense activation. distinct mechanisms are beginning to emerge by which intestinal antigen sampling and handling is achieved ensuring specificity and contributing to redundancy in pathogen detection. distinct dc subsets are associated with these mechanisms and regulate specific innate or ... | 2006 | 16548882 |
| altering the length of the lipopolysaccharide o antigen has an impact on the interaction of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium with macrophages and complement. | a panel of isogenic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains that vary only in the length of the o antigen was constructed through complementation of a wzz double mutant (displaying unregulated o-antigen length) with one of two homologous (wzzst and wzzfepe) or three heterologous (wzzo139 of vibrio cholerae and wzzsf and wzzphs-2 of shigella flexneri) wzz genes. each gene was functional in the s. enterica serovar typhimurium host and specified production of o-antigen polymers with lengths ... | 2006 | 16547065 |