Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| enterobacterial 38-kda outer membrane protein is an age-dependent molecular marker of innate immunity and immunoglobulin deficiency as results from its reactivity with igg and iga antibody. | in earlier studies on an animal model we observed protective properties of outer membrane proteins (omps) of shigella, hafnia, and escherichia coli strains. in order to investigate human sera for reactivity with omps we subjected these proteins to immunoblotting with umbilical cord plasma and sera from children and adults. the igg and iga antibodies interacted primarily with a 38-kda protein, in similar way for several enterobacterial strains, but different for pseudomonas aeruginosa. this obser ... | 2006 | 17064276 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of shigella species in asmara, eritrea, northeast africa. | diarrheal diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. of the bacterial causes of dysentery, shigella are the major enteropathogens with outbreak potential and common development of antimicrobial resistance. this study determined the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of different spp. of shigella in asmara, eritrea. | 2006 | 17066201 |
| different additional risk factors for cerebral infarctions associated with the factor v leiden mutation in a family. | several cases with cerebral infarctions associated with the factor v leiden mutation have been reported. however, bearing in mind the large number of asymptomatic individuals with the factor v leiden mutation, additional risk factors for cerebral infarctions should be considered. in this report, two siblings with cerebral infarctions associated with a combination of heterozygous factor v leiden mutation and different additional exogenous and endogenous thrombogenic risk factors are described. re ... | 2006 | 17005112 |
| immunoproteome analysis of soluble and membrane proteins of shigella flexneri 2457t. | to profile the immunogenic proteins of shigella flexneri (s. flexneri) expressed during human infection using a proteomic approach. | 2006 | 17075984 |
| shigella applies molecular mimicry to subvert vinculin and invade host cells. | shigella flexneri, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, injects invasin proteins through a type iii secretion apparatus upon contacting the host cell, which triggers pathogen internalization. the invasin ipaa is essential for s. flexneri pathogenesis and binds to the cytoskeletal protein vinculin to facilitate host cell entry. we report that ipaa harbors two vinculin-binding sites (vbss) within its c-terminal domain that bind to and activate vinculin in a mutually exclusive fashion. only ... | 2006 | 17088427 |
| microbiology. bacterial bushwacking through a microtubule jungle. | 2006 | 17095683 | |
| microtubule-severing activity of shigella is pivotal for intercellular spreading. | some pathogenic bacteria actually invade the cytoplasm of their target host cells. invasive bacteria acquire the propulsive force to move by recruiting actin and inducing its polymerization. here we show that shigella movement within the cytoplasm was severely hindered by microtubules and that the bacteria destroyed surrounding microtubules by secreting vira by means of the type iii secretion system. degradation of microtubules by vira was dependent on its alpha-tubulin-specific cysteine proteas ... | 2006 | 17095701 |
| genetic characterization of multidrug resistance in shigella spp. from japan. | this study characterized the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance of a number of shigella spp. isolated from humans from 2000 to 2004 in hiroshima prefecture, japan. a total of 26 isolates of shigella spp. were included in this study. antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed high levels of resistance, especially to ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. pcr and dna sequencing were used for screening and characterization of antibiotic-resis ... | 2006 | 17108272 |
| general practitioner practices in requesting laboratory tests for patients with gastroenteritis in the netherlands, 2001-2002. | the objective of this study was to estimate the (selective) proportion of patients consulting their gp for an episode of gastroenteritis for whom laboratory tests were requested. in addition adherence of gps to the guidelines for diagnostic test regime was ascertained. | 2006 | 17014713 |
| a new monoterpene glycoside and antibacterial monoterpene glycosides from paeonia suffruticosa. | antibacterial activity-guided fractionation of the chci3-meoh (1:1) extract of paeonia suffruticosa root bark furnished three monoterpene glycosides, 6-o-vanillyoxypaeoniflorin (1), mudanpioside-h (2), and galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin (3). of the isolated compounds, compound 1 is a new compound. all isolated compounds showed broad, but moderate, antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values in the range of 100 to 500 microg/ml against eighteen pathogenic microorganisms of ... | 2006 | 17121173 |
| evaluation of the bd phoenix automated microbiology system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae. | we evaluated the accuracy of the bd phoenix system for the identification (id) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of 251 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae representing 31 species. organisms were inoculated onto the phoenix panel according to the manufacturer's instructions. the results from conventional biochemical tests were used for the reference method for id. agar dilution, performed according to the clsi guidelines, was the reference ast method. essential and categorical ... | 2006 | 17021074 |
| outbreaks of multidrug-resistant shigella sonnei gastroenteritis associated with day care centers--kansas, kentucky, and missouri, 2005. | infection with shigella sonnei that is resistant to antibiotics commonly used in pediatric practice has become more common during the past decade. in 2005, kansas, kentucky, and missouri reported increases in shigellosis cases associated with day care centers caused predominantly by multidrug-resistant (mdr) (i.e., resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [tmp/smx]) strains of s. sonnei. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns for isolates from kansas and missouri were ... | 2006 | 17021592 |
| [prevalence of the bacteria causing diarrea in a rosario hospital, argentina]. | bacterial agents causing diarrea in patients attended in a hospital of rosario, argentina. the frequency of bacterial agents causing diarrhea can vary in patients of different areas, and through the time. in an epidemiological surveillance we studied 304 patients with diarrheal diseases looking for salmonella enterica, shigella spp, campylobacter spp, aeromonas spp, yersinia enterocolitica, and diarrheogenic escherichia coli. c. jejuni was isolated in 30 patients (9,9 %), salmonella in 18 (5,9 % ... | 2006 | 17639815 |
| metal-based antibacterial and antifungal agents: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro biological evaluation of co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii), and zn(ii) complexes with amino acid-derived compounds. | a series of antibacterial and antifungal amino acid-derived compounds and their cobalt(ii), copper(ii), nickel(ii), and zinc(ii) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments, and ir, and electronic spectral measurements. ligands (l(1))-(l(5)) were derived by condensation of beta-diketones with glycine, phenylalanine, valine, and histidine and act as bidentate towards metal ions (cobalt, copper, nickel, and zinc) via the ... | 2006 | 17497020 |
| [rapid simultaneous detection of salmonella and shigella using modified molecular beacons and real-time pcr]. | dual detection of salmonella and shigella using modified molecular beacons and real-time pcr was developed. the established method was applied to rapid diagnosis of salmonella and shigella' food poisoning, and for routine monitoring programs. | 2006 | 17415984 |
| occurrence of enteropathogenic bacteria in children under 5 years with diarrhoea in south tehran. | this study was carried out on 1600 rectal swabs from children under 5 years of age admitted at the health centre in islamshahr, tehran province, islamic republic of iran, during 1998-99. the specimens were examined for various bacterial pathogens. isolation rates were: enteropathogenic escherichia coli 6.8%, shigella spp. 3.4%, salmonella spp. 2.9%, campylobacter spp. 0.9%, yersinia spp. 0.7%. the isolation rate was highest in the summer, except for yersinia spp., which was predominantly isolate ... | 2006 | 17333824 |
| in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity of cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes with furanylmethyl- and thienylmethyl-dithiolenes: [1, 3-dithiole- 2-one and 1,3-dithiole-2-thione]. | some antibacterial and antifungal furanylmethyl-and thienylmethyl dithiolenes and, their co(ii), cu(ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four gram-negative; escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi and shigella flexeneri, and two gram-positive; bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains, and for in-vitro antifungal activity against trichophyton longifusus, candid ... | 2006 | 17252947 |
| [dysentery in poland in 2004]. | the number of notified dysentery cases is the lowest of all years since 1918 when notification started. only 74 cases were notified in the year 2004 (incidence rate 0.19/100,000 population) while 220 cases were registered in 2002 (incidence 0.58/100,000 population). no one death case was notified. the last three death cases were notified in 1999. two dysentery outbreaks (due to s. flexneri 3a): were notified when the outbreaks of food poisoning were examined by regional laboratory of sanitary-ep ... | 2006 | 17249165 |
| chromosomal-gene-mediated inhibition of intestinal and foodborne pathogens by lactobacillus acidophilus aa11. | approximately 63 strains of lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from egyptian home-made cheese and examined for production of antagonism. only eight strains demonstrated inhibitory activity against spoilage microorganisms (i.e. staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus) and pathogens (i.e. e. coli, salmonella sp. and shigella sp.). lactobacillus acidophilus aa11 produced a more antimicrobial activity with a wide range of inhibition. the agent aa11 was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and ret ... | 2006 | 17357571 |
| antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts of combretum molle. | in traditional medical practices of ethiopia the aqueous extracts obtained from the stem bark of combretum molle (r. br. ex. g. don.) engl & diels (combretaceae) have a longstanding reputation for the treatment of liver diseases malaria and tuberculosis. owing to the widespread traditional uses of this plant, the studyinvestigated the antimicrobial activity the bark extract of this plant against gram positive and and gram negative bacteria. | 2006 | 17447394 |
| an extensive repertoire of type iii secretion effectors in escherichia coli o157 and the role of lambdoid phages in their dissemination. | several pathogenic strains of escherichia coli exploit type iii secretion to inject "effector proteins" into human cells, which then subvert eukaryotic cell biology to the bacterium's advantage. we have exploited bioinformatics and experimental approaches to establish that the effector repertoire in the sakai strain of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) o157:h7 is much larger than previously thought. homology searches led to the identification of >60 putative effector genes. thirteen of these were ... | 2006 | 16990433 |
| a new antibacterial compound produced by an indigenous marine bacteria--fermentation, isolation, and biological activity. | the use of microorganisms for biological purpose has become an effective alternative to control pathogens. a marine bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from eal fish of baluchistan coast of pakistan. this strain produced a bactericidal antibiotic against environmental and clinical isolates. in this study, we purified bactericidal antibiotic from the ethyl acetate extract of the cells of p. aeruginosa and analyzed its chemical structure. based on spectrometric analysis, this compound 1 ... | 2006 | 17393659 |
| [pyrazinamidase activity of bacteria from enterobacteriaceae family as characteristic for taxonomy]. | pyrazinamidase activity in 330 strains of bacteria from enterobacteriaceae family (14 genus, 27 species) has been assessed. pyrazinamidase activity detected in species from following genuses: citrobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, kluyvera, morganella, providencia, raourtella, salmonella, shigella, and also in proteus mirabilis, and nonpathogenic serovars of yersinia enterocolitica, y. frederiksenii. pirasinamidase was absent in serratia (s. marcescens, s. liguefaciens), hafnia alvei, p. vulgaris ... | 2006 | 17297889 |
| [time course changes in cytokines content and gas composition in blood of patients with salmonellosis and acute shigellosis]. | to study changes in serum concentrations of interleukines (il) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfa) in the course of acute moderate and severe shigellosis and salmonellosis; to elicit their correlation with disorders of gas and electrolyte blood composition and acid-base balance (abb). | 2006 | 17195521 |
| production, characterization, and application of antibodies against heat-labile type-i toxin for detection of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | strains of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) are responsible for significant rates of morbidity and mortality among children, particularly in developing countries. the majority of clinical and public health laboratories are capable of isolating and identifying salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, and escherichia coli o157:h7 from stool samples, but etec cannot be identified by routine methods. the method most often used to identify etec is polymerase chain reaction for heat-stable and heat ... | 2006 | 17293982 |
| shigella and autophagy. | bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells, and host recognition and elimination of the invading bacteria, determines the fate of bacterial infection. once inside mammalian cells, many pathogenic bacteria enter the host cytosol to escape from the lytic compartment and gain a replicative niche. recent studies indicate that autophagy also recognizes intracellular bacteria. although autophagy is a conserved membrane trafficking pathway in eukaryotic cells that sequesters undesirable or recyclable cytop ... | 2006 | 16874102 |
| interaction between enteric epithelial cells and peyer's patch lymphocytes in response to shigella lipopolysaccharide: effect on nitric oxide and il-6 release. | to investigate the effect of interaction between enteric epithelial cells and lymphocytes of peyer's patch on the release of nitric oxide (no) and il-6 in response to shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps). | 2006 | 16804978 |
| trend and disease burden of bacillary dysentery in china (1991-2000). | we aimed to determine the burden of bacillary dysentery in china, its cross-regional variations, trends in morbidity and mortality, the causative bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance patterns. | 2006 | 16878230 |
| function and distribution of espg2, a type iii secretion system effector of enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | the enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) effector protein espg, like the shigella effector vira, functions through disruption of the host cell microtubule network. reports have differed as to whether the espg homologue, espg2, is also responsible for microtubule disruption. in this study we show that following translocation, espg2 and vira are localised under adherent bacteria and able to restore the microtubule disruption phenotype to an espg/espg2 double epec mutant. the espg/espg2 double ... | 2006 | 16781180 |
| differential killing activity of cetylpyridinium chloride with or without bacto neutralizing buffer quench against firmly adhered salmonella gaminara and shigella sonnei on cut lettuce stored at 4 degrees c. | cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) activity was quenched with bacto neutralizing buffer on inoculated cut iceberg lettuce. this protocol permitted comparison of the numbers of salmonella gaminara- or shigella sonnei-inoculated cells on lettuce that survived 1 min of cpc treatment. cut lettuce was inoculated with about 6 log of salmonella or 9 log of shigella and stored in whirl-pak bags at 4 degrees c for up to 4 days. loosely adhered pathogen cells were washed off before cpc treatment. firmly adher ... | 2006 | 16786847 |
| comparison of antagonistic ability against enteropathogens by g+ and g- anaerobic dominant components of human fecal microbiota. | to confirm if anaerobic g+-components are those responsible for the function of colonization resistance, obligate anaerobic g+- and g- -bacteria from normal dominant microbiota of human feces were isolated from three successive collections and then used in in vitro assays for antagonism against two enteropathogenic bacteria. the production of inhibitory diffusible compounds was determined on supplemented bhi agar and mrs agar media for g- - and g+-bacteria, respectively. salmonella enterica subs ... | 2006 | 16821725 |
| increasing single and multi-antibiotic resistance in shigella species isolated from shigellosis patients in sana'a, yemen. | the epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of shigella species changes over time. updated susceptibility knowledge is necessary for appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. thus, this research aimed to study these changes in 2 time periods with an interval of 10 years. | 2006 | 16883444 |
| a recurring outbreak of shigella sonnei among traditionally observant jewish children in new york city: the risks of daycare and household transmission. | dispersed community outbreaks of shigella sonnei have occurred cyclically among traditionally observant jews in the united states. in february 2000, we investigated a s. sonnei outbreak in one jewish community in new york city. to determine risk factors for introduction of infection into households, we conducted a cohort study of households to compare risk factors for illness among primary subjects within households and age-matched well siblings. isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electr ... | 2006 | 16623986 |
| molecular model of a type iii secretion system needle: implications for host-cell sensing. | type iii secretion systems are essential virulence determinants for many gram-negative bacterial pathogens. the type iii secretion system consists of cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and extracellular domains. the extracellular domain is a hollow needle protruding above the bacterial surface and is held within a basal body that traverses both bacterial membranes. effector proteins are translocated, via this external needle, directly into host cells, where they subvert normal cell functions to aid inf ... | 2006 | 16888041 |
| antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of some sulfonamide-derived chromones. | a series of antibacterial and antifungal sulfonamide (sulfanilamide, sulfaguanidine, sulfamethaxozole, 4-aminoethylbenzene-sulfonamide and 4-amino-6-trifluoromethyl-benzene-1,3-disulfonamide) derived chromones, previously reported as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase, have been screened for in-vitro antibacterial activity against four gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi and shigella flexener) and two gram-positive (bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus) ... | 2006 | 16789431 |
| characterization of shigella strains in iran by plasmid profile analysis and pcr amplification of ipa genes. | to characterize shigella clinical strains, we studied 82 shigella strains recovered from 719 stool samples of patients with bloody diarrhea in shiraz, iran, over the period from april to october 2003. serological assay classified the shigella isolates as follows: 61 (74.39%) shigella sonnei isolates, 16 (19.51%) shigella flexneri isolates, 3 (3.65%) shigella boydii isolates, and 2 (2.43%) shigella dysenteriae isolates. in an antibiogram test, all shigella strains were susceptible to ceftazidime, ... | 2006 | 16891506 |
| myopericarditis in a patient with campylobacter enteritis: a case report and literature review. | myocarditis sometimes occurs as a complication of bacterial infection, including enteric infections caused by salmonella, shigella and yersinia. only a few cases of campylobacter-associated myocarditis are known. we describe a 47-y-old patient with myopericarditis in association with campylobacter spp. enteritis, and review similar cases previously described in the english literature. | 2006 | 16798711 |
| non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against helicobacter pylori. | helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are each associated with gastrointestinal mucosal damage, but the extent and direction of their interactions remain controversial. therefore, the purpose of the present paper was to examine whether specific nsaids inhibit the growth of helicobacter pylori in vitro. | 2006 | 16911681 |
| shigella vulvovaginitis in a prepubertal child. | 2006 | 16912629 | |
| how long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? a systematic review. | inanimate surfaces have often been described as the source for outbreaks of nosocomial infections. the aim of this review is to summarize data on the persistence of different nosocomial pathogens on inanimate surfaces. | 2006 | 16914034 |
| comparison of the concentrations of phenolic compounds in olive oils and other plant oils: correlation with antimicrobial activity. | the antimicrobial activity of different edible vegetable oils was studied. in vitro results revealed that the oils from olive fruits had a strong bactericidal action against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, this effect being higher in general against gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. thus, olive oils showed bactericidal activity not only against harmful bacteria of the intestinal microbiota (clostridium perfringens and escherichia coli) also against beneficial microorganisms such as ... | 2006 | 16819902 |
| construction, detection and microarray analysis on shigella dysenteriae a1 iron, shua single, double mutants. | in this study, we constructed single mutants mts-1, mts-2 of iron and shua gene and double mutant mts of them in shigella dysenteriae a1 strain 51197 by insert and absence. the functional detection of every mutant was performed at the level of culture medium and cell experiment. the gene expression profiles of the mutants and the wild-type strains under iron-enriched and iron-limited conditions were analyzed by the sd51197 whole genomic microarray. the results showed that all the mutants grew ob ... | 2006 | 16856494 |
| structure of yidb protein from shigella flexneri shows a new fold with homeodomain motif. | 2006 | 16927377 | |
| antibacterial cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes of mercaptothiadiazole--derived furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, salicylyl and pyridinyl schiff bases. | a series of co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii) complexes of mercaptothiadiazole-derived furanyl, thienyl, pyrrorlyl, salicylyl and pyridinyl schiff bases were synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four gram-negative, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi and shigella fexneri, and two gram-positive; bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureous bacterial strains. the results of these studies show the metal complexes to be ... | 2006 | 16789433 |
| [etiology of community - acquired acute diarrhea in children]. | of the study was to analyse the etiology of home acute diarrhea in children. | 2006 | 16825723 |
| aetiology of diarrhoea in a birth cohort of children aged 0-2 year(s) in rural mirzapur, bangladesh. | the incidence of aetiology-specific diarrhoea and the pathogenicity of infectious agents in a birth cohort (n=252) in rural bangladesh were determined. stool specimens or rectal swabs were collected from diarrhoeal cases over two years and routinely on a monthly basis. stool samples from children with diarrhoea were compared with stool samples from children without diarrhoea to calculate rates of isolation and pathogenicity of agents. in total, 1750 stool specimens from diarrhoea patients and 56 ... | 2006 | 16796147 |
| actin-based motility of intracellular bacteria, and polarized surface distribution of the bacterial effector molecules. | several intracellular bacterial pathogens, including species of listeria, rickettsia, shigella, mycobacteria, and burkholderia, have evolved mechanisms to exploit the actin polymerization machinery of their hosts to induce actin-based motility, enabling these pathogens to spread between host cells without exposing themselves to the extracellular milieu. efficient cell-to-cell spread requires directional motility, which the bacteria may achieve by concentrating the effector molecules at one pole ... | 2006 | 16826602 |
| [antibacterial action of ether oils of some plants]. | inhibitory effect of clove oil on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae and candida albicans was detected. mint ether oil had the high antibacterial action on s. aureus, however against other microorganisms mint oil had a reliably low effect then clove oil. fennel oil had high antibacterial effect on c. albicans, and bactericidal action on s. typhimurium and s. dysenteriae. | 2006 | 16830599 |
| reciprocal transcriptional and posttranscriptional growth-phase-dependent expression of sfh, a gene that encodes a paralogue of the nucleoid-associated protein h-ns. | the inchi1 self-transmissible plasmid psf-r27 from shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t harbors sfh, a gene that codes for a protein with strong amino acid sequence homology to the global transcription regulator and nucleoid-associated protein h-ns and to its paralogue, stpa. previously, we discovered that the expression of sfh mrna is growth phase dependent such that in cultures growing in lennox broth at 37 degrees c, the transcript is readily detectable in the early stages of exponential growth ... | 2006 | 16936022 |
| agronomic aspects and environmental impact of reusing marginal water in irrigation: a case study from egypt. | egypt produces approximately 2.4 million m3 of secondary treated wastewater (tww) annually, used for irrigation directly or indirectly by blending with agricultural drainage water (bdw). the annual re-use of (bdw) is approximately 4 million m3. the safe and efficient use of marginal water (bdw and tww) is a core objective of this study which has been operating from 1997 to date. after six growing seasons the main results can be summarized as follows: maximizing crop production: tww can be used f ... | 2006 | 16841747 |
| shigella sonnei biotype g carrying class 2 integrons in southern italy: a retrospective typing study by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. | emergence and global dissemination of multiresistant strains of enteric pathogens is a very concerning problem from both epidemiological and public health points of view. shigella sonnei is the serogroup of shigella most frequently responsible for sporadic and epidemic enteritis in developed countries. the dissemination is associated most often to human to human transmission, but foodborne episodes have also been described. in recent years the circulation of multiresistant strains of s. sonnei b ... | 2006 | 16846516 |
| antibacterial activity of the soy isoflavone genistein. | genistein, a radioprotective soy isoflavone and protein kinase inhibitor, blocks the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in mammalian epithelial cells. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct effect of genistein on the survival and growth of the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri and selected opportunistic bacteria in vitro as a prelude to in vivo use for managing postirradiation sepsis. we evaluated the opportunistic bacterial enteropathogens escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, and staphyl ... | 2006 | 16847837 |
| structural and molecular characterization of shigella boydii type 16 o antigen. | shigella is a well-known human pathogen causing dysentery and their typing is solely based on the o antigens. we investigated the chemical structure and gene cluster of shigella boydii type 16 o antigen. as judged by sugar and methylation analyses along with nmr spectroscopy data, the o antigen has an o-acetylated branched pentasaccharide repeating o unit, which consists of two d-mannose residues (d-man), one residue each of d-glucuronic acid (d-glca), n-acetylglucosamine (d-glcnac) and d-galact ... | 2006 | 16859842 |
| effect of lactoferrin on enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec). | we previously demonstrated that lactoferrin inhibits adherence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli to hep-2 cells and decreases invasiveness of shigella flexneri in hela cells by disruption of the type iii secretory system (ttss) of both enteropathogens. to determine whether these effects were specific to the ttss, we assessed the activity of bovine lactoferrin on enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec), enteropathogens whose virulence is not ttss dependent. bovine lactoferrin at a concentration of 1. ... | 2006 | 16936809 |
| modulation of phosphoinositide metabolism by pathogenic bacteria. | phosphoinositide metabolism plays a pivotal role in the regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction, actin remodelling and membrane dynamics. phosphoinositides co-ordinate these processes by recruiting protein effectors to distinct cellular membranes in a time- and organelle-dependent manner. intracellular bacterial pathogens interfere with phosphoinositide metabolism to direct their entry into eukaryotic cells, form replication-permissive vacuoles, modulate apoptosis, or trigger fluid s ... | 2006 | 16939534 |
| frequency of serovars and antimicrobial resistance in shigella spp. from brazil. | a total of 296 shigella spp. were received from state public health laboratories, during the period from 1999 to 2004, by national reference laboratory for cholera and enteric diseases (nrlced)--ioc/fiocruz, rio de janeiro, brazil. the frequency of shigella spp. was: s. flexneri (52.7%), s. sonnei (44.2%), s. boydii (2.3%), and s. dysenteriae (0.6%). the most frequent s. flexneri serovars were 2a and 1b. the highest incidence rates of shigella isolation were observed in the southeast (39%) and n ... | 2006 | 16862316 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pk245, a 98-kilobase plasmid conferring quinolone resistance and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase activity in a clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. | a plasmid containing the qnrs quinolone resistance determinant and the gene encoding the shv-2 beta-lactamase has been discovered from a clinical klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated in taiwan. the complete 98-kb sequence of this plasmid, designated pk245, was determined by using a whole-genome shotgun approach. transfer of pk245 conferred low-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in electroporant escherichia coli epi300. the sequence of the immediate region surrounding qnrs in pk245 is nearly i ... | 2006 | 16940067 |
| mobilizable incq-related plasmid carrying a new quinolone resistance gene, qnrs2, isolated from the bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant. | plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance was previously reported for different bacteria isolated from patients not only in the united states and asia but also in europe. here we describe the isolation, by applying a new selection strategy, of the quinolone resistance plasmid pgnb2 from an activated sludge bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant in germany. the hypersensitive escherichia coli strain kam3 carrying a mutation in the multidrug efflux system genes acrab was transformed with t ... | 2006 | 16940104 |
| diarrhea etiology in a children's hospital emergency department: a prospective cohort study. | we evaluated the frequency of recovery of pathogens from children with diarrhea who presented to a pediatric emergency department and characterized the associated illnesses, to develop guidelines for performing a bacterial enteric culture. | 2006 | 16941358 |
| [ultrastructural changes in shigella flexneri cells during interaction with bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus acidophilus]. | results of electron-microscopic examination of shigella flexneri cells, subjected to influence the bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria are presented. the response of shigellae to bacteriocinogenic lactobacilli was shown both on cellular and population levels. on population level the correlation of various morphological types of shigella cells with increase of involution, lysing and resting forms is revealed. at a cellular level the specific ultrastructural changes of shigell ... | 2006 | 16941871 |
| expression, limited proteolysis and preliminary crystallographic analysis of ipad, a component of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion system. | ipad, the putative needle-tip protein of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion system, has been overexpressed and purified. crystals were grown of the native protein in space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 55.9, b = 100.7, c = 112.0 a, and data were collected to 2.9 a resolution. analysis of the native patterson map revealed a peak at 50% of the origin on the harker section v = 0.5, suggesting twofold non-crystallographic symmetry parallel to the b crystallographic axis. a ... | 2006 | 16946465 |
| developing live shigella vaccines using lambda red recombineering. | live attenuated shigella vaccines have shown promise in inducing protective immune responses in human clinical trials and as carriers of heterologous antigens from other mucosal pathogens. in the past, construction of shigella vaccine strains relied on classical allelic exchange systems to genetically engineer the bacterial genome. these systems require extensive in vitro engineering of long homologous sequences to create recombinant replication-defective plasmids or phage. alternatively, the la ... | 2006 | 16872384 |
| characterization of ferric and ferrous iron transport systems in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae has multiple iron acquisition systems, including tonb-dependent transport of heme and of the catechol siderophore vibriobactin. strains defective in both of these systems grow well in laboratory media and in the infant mouse intestine, indicating the presence of additional iron acquisition systems. previously uncharacterized potential iron transport systems, including a homologue of the ferrous transporter feo and a periplasmic binding protein-dependent atp binding cassette (abc) ... | 2006 | 16952942 |
| ospe2 of shigella sonnei is required for the maintenance of cell architecture of bacterium-infected cells. | the ospe2 product of shigella spp., the expression of which is regulated by the mxie gene, is secreted through a type iii secretion system into host cells. we investigated the function of ospe2 of shigella sonnei by using cultured epithelial cells. cells invaded by an ospe2 deletion mutant altered their morphology into the rounding shape, which was not due to cell death, whereas cells invaded by the wild-type strain kept their cell shape intact. the ospe2 mutation did not affect initial cell ent ... | 2006 | 16622194 |
| pulsenet usa: a five-year update. | pulsenet usa is the molecular surveillance network for foodborne infections in the united states. since its inception in 1996, it has been instrumental in detection, investigation and control of numerous outbreaks caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:[h7] (stec o157), salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, shigella spp., and campylobacter. this paper describes the current status of the network, including the methodologies used and its future possibilities. the currently pr ... | 2006 | 16602975 |
| antimicrobial and toxicological profile of the new biocide akacid plus. | akacid plus is a new member of the polymeric guanidine family of disinfectants. it was especially developed to enhance the antimicrobial activity of this class with significantly less toxicity. the in vitro activity of akacid plus compared with chlorhexidine digluconate and mupirocin was tested against a total of 369 recent clinical isolates. | 2006 | 16751199 |
| standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli: the pulsenet europe feasibility study. | pulsenet usa, the american molecular subtyping network for foodborne infections, has since 1996 been highly successful combating infections caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157, salmonella, listeria, and shigella spp. the pulsenet europe feasibility study was initiated to ascertain the interest of public health and veterinary reference laboratories to establish a similar network, and to determine if it was possible to perform standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ... | 2006 | 16602982 |
| newly identified bacteriophages carrying the stx2g shiga toxin gene isolated from escherichia coli strains in polluted waters. | shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages are the main vehicle involved in horizontal transmission of stx1 and stx2 genes, which has led to the current spread of stx genes among a high number of escherichia coli serotypes and other enterobacteria. several stx gene variants have been described, although some of the variants have never been isolated from inducible bacteriophages. in this study, two stx2g-carrying bacteriophages induced from two different e. coli o2:h25 strains isolated from different ... | 2006 | 16630267 |
| [application of pulse field gel electrophoresis in molecular typing method on dealing with the outbreak of intestinal pathogen]. | to explore and establish fast and sensitive typing diagnostic methods on intestinal pathogen. | 2006 | 16640911 |
| keratitis due to shigella flexneri. | multiresistant shigella flexneri isolates were cultured from the cornea and stool of a girl. genetic analysis showed the isolates were identical. shigella spp. are rare causes of ulcerative keratitis; there have only been 14 published cases since 1943. although prognosis after local treatment is good, shigellosis is a systemic infection, possibly leading to dehydration. | 2006 | 16757643 |
| two frameshift products involved in the transposition of bacterial insertion sequence is629. | is629 is 1,310 bp in length with a pair of 25-bp imperfect inverted repeats at its termini. two partially overlapping open reading frames, orfa and orfb, are present in is629, and two putative translational frameshift signals, ttttg (t4g) and aaaat (a4t), are located near the 3'-end of orfa. with the lacz gene as the reporter, both t4g and a4t motifs are determined to be a -1 frameshift signal. two peptides representing the two transframe products designated orfab' and orfab, are identified by a ... | 2006 | 16731525 |
| synthesis of hexa- to tridecasaccharides related to shigella dysenteriae type 1 for incorporation in experimental vaccines. | hexa- to tridecasaccharides corresponding to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of the gram-negative bacterium shigella dysenteriae type 1 were synthesized in solution phase. the syntheses utilized tetra-, octa-, and dodecasaccharide intermediates that represent one to three contiguous tetrasaccharide repeating units of the o-sp [synlett2003, 743]. these compounds were glycosylated with mono-, di-, and trisaccharide trichloroacetamidates, which were synthesized in this study. the excellent ste ... | 2006 | 16650395 |
| role of shigella flexneri 2a 34 kda outer membrane protein in induction of protective immune response. | emergence of shigella vaccine is in great need in developing countries. in this paper we have shown that 34 kda shigella flexneri 2a outer membrane protein has a role in eliciting immune responses. when injected parentarally this protein gives significant protection against challenge with virulent shigella flexneri 2a. macrophages activated with the 34 kda protein resulted in the dose dependent production of nitric oxide, the highly reactive free radical responsible for killing of invading bacte ... | 2006 | 16765491 |
| molecular characteristics of class 1 and class 2 integrons and their relationships to antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri. | to analyse the gene cassettes and determine the roles of class 1 and class 2 integrons in antibiotic-resistant strains of shigella sonnei (n=31) and shigella flexneri (n=33). | 2006 | 16766536 |
| future needs and directions for shigella vaccines. | 2006 | 16673461 | |
| xylose utilization and short-chain fatty acid production by selected components of the intestinal microflora of a rodent pollinator (aethomys namaquensis). | namaqua rock mice (aethomys namaquensis) consume nectar xylose when visiting protea flowers. whole-animal metabolism studies suggest that the gastrointestinal microflora plays an important role in xylose metabolism in a. namaquensis. we collected caecal contents under anaerobic conditions, cultured caecal microflora both aerobically and anaerobically, and assessed caecal microbial xylose utilization using a (14)c-xylose incubation assay. all four mice sampled hosted culturable caecal micro-organ ... | 2006 | 16676189 |
| biofilm formation in an ice cream plant. | the sites of biofilm formation in an ice cream plant were investigated by sampling both the production line and the environment. experiments were carried out twice within a 20-day period. first, stainless steel coupons were fixed to surfaces adjacent to food contact surfaces, the floor drains and the doormat. they were taken for the analysis of biofilm at three different production stages. then, biofilm forming bacteria were enumerated and also presence of listeria monocytogenes was monitored. b ... | 2006 | 16779628 |
| [functional analysis of icsb protein secreted via the type iii secretion system of shigella]. | 2006 | 16780119 | |
| incidence, etiology, and impact of diarrhea among long-term travelers (us military and similar populations): a systematic review. | to determine regional estimates of pathogen-specific prevalence and incidence, as well as, describe morbidity associated with diarrhea among deployed us military and similar populations, a systematic review was conducted for publications between january 1990 to june 2005. point estimates and confidence intervals of pathogen prevalence and travelers' diarrhea incidence were combined in a random effects model and assessed for heterogeneity. in total, 262 studies were identified for potential inclu ... | 2006 | 16687698 |
| anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies in acute appendicitis detected by elisa. | in acute appendicitis the bowel transmissibility of the intestinal flora increases in relation to inflammation and edema formation. we can therefore observe an immunologic response in patients, which is detectable using different bacteria isolated from the normal intestinal flora. our aim was to measure this immunologic reaction and to detect the relationship between this response and histologic types of acute appendicitis. sera from 47 cases, comprising 38 patients suffering from appendicitis a ... | 2006 | 16689825 |
| plasticity of the p junc promoter of isec11, a new insertion sequence of the is1111 family. | we describe identification and functional characterization of isec11, a new insertion sequence that is widespread in enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), in which it is always present on the virulence plasmid (pinv) and very frequently also present on the chromosome. isec11 is flanked by subterminal 13-bp inverted repeats (irs) and is bounded by 3-bp terminal sequences, and it transposes with target specificity without generating duplication of the target site. isec11 is characterized by an atypical t ... | 2006 | 16788177 |
| polar localization of the autotransporter family of large bacterial virulence proteins. | autotransporters are an extensive family of large secreted virulence-associated proteins of gram-negative bacteria. secretion of such large proteins poses unique challenges to bacteria. we demonstrate that autotransporters from a wide variety of rod-shaped pathogens, including icsa and sepa of shigella flexneri, aida-i of diffusely adherent escherichia coli, and brka of bordetella pertussis, are localized to the bacterial pole. the restriction of autotransporters to the pole is dependent on the ... | 2006 | 16788193 |
| antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens. | to develop in vitro assays for comparing the antagonistic properties and anti-oxidative activity of probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains against various entero- and urinary pathogens. | 2006 | 16696680 |
| cladophora (chlorophyta) spp. harbor human bacterial pathogens in nearshore water of lake michigan. | cladophora glomerata, a macrophytic green alga, is commonly found in the great lakes, and significant accumulations occur along shorelines during the summer months. recently, cladophora has been shown to harbor high densities of the fecal indicator bacteria escherichia coli and enterococci. cladophora may also harbor human pathogens; however, until now, no studies to address this question have been performed. in the present study, we determined whether attached cladophora, obtained from the lake ... | 2006 | 16820442 |
| the caenorhabditis elegans abl-1 tyrosine kinase is required for shigella flexneri pathogenesis. | shigellosis is a diarrheal disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium shigella flexneri. following ingestion of the bacterium, s. flexneri interferes with innate immunity, establishes an infection within the human colon, and initiates an inflammatory response that results in destruction of the tissue lining the gut. examination of host cell factors required for s. flexneri pathogenesis in vivo has proven difficult due to limited host susceptibility. here we report the development of a pathoge ... | 2006 | 16820504 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a large subunit of salmonella typhimurium glutamate synthase (gogat) gene in escherichia coli. | two pathways of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis have been identified in microorganisms. one pathway involves the nadp-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the amination of 2-oxoglutarate to form glutamate. an alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase, which aminates glutamate to form glutamine, and glutamate synthase, which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate. we have cloned th ... | 2006 | 16820760 |
| sex and virulence in escherichia coli: an evolutionary perspective. | pathogenic escherichia coli cause over 160 million cases of dysentery and one million deaths per year, whereas non-pathogenic e. coli constitute part of the normal intestinal flora of healthy mammals and birds. the evolutionary pathways underlying this dichotomy in bacterial lifestyle were investigated by multilocus sequence typing of a global collection of isolates. specific pathogen types [enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, enteropathogenic e. coli, enteroinvasive e. coli, k1 and shigella] have arise ... | 2006 | 16689791 |
| inducing endogenous antimicrobial peptides to battle infections. | 2006 | 16754884 | |
| nutritive value, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of struchium sparganophora leaves. | struchium sparganophora leaf is a green leafy vegetable popularly used in soup preparations in processed and unprocessed forms in nigeria. fresh leaves of s. sparganophora were soaked overnight to remove its bitterness, before determination of the nutrient and antinutrient content, while sun-dried s. sparganophora leaves were extracted with rectified spirit. the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracts were subsequently determined. the result of the study revealed that the fresh ... | 2006 | 16822216 |
| complete genome sequence of shigella flexneri 5b and comparison with shigella flexneri 2a. | shigella bacteria cause dysentery, which remains a significant threat to public health. shigella flexneri is the most common species in both developing and developed countries. five shigella genomes have been sequenced, revealing dynamic and diverse features. to investigate the intra-species diversity of s. flexneri genomes further, we have sequenced the complete genome of s. flexneri 5b strain 8401 (abbreviated sf8401) and compared it with s. flexneri 2a (sf301). | 2006 | 16822325 |
| [aeromonas associated with an acute diarrhea outbreak in são bento do una, pernambuco]. | an acute diarrhea outbreak, with 2170 cases, was described during january to july, 2004, in são bento do una, pernambuco. 582 stools were examined and an enteric pathogen was recovered in 25% (145 patients). aeromonas species were the most frequent (114-19.5%) and the main isolates were aeromonas caviae (57-9.8%), aeromonas veronii biovar sobria (23-3.9%), aeromonas veronii biovar veronii (15-2.6%) and other species (19-3.2%). the other isolated enteropathogens were vibrio cholerae o1-ogawa toxi ... | 2006 | 16699653 |
| molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 causing dysentery outbreaks in central african republic, 2003-2004. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) represents a particular threat in developing countries because of the severity of the infection and its epidemic potential. antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profiling (pp) of sd1 isolates collected during two dysentery outbreaks (2013 and 445 cases of bloody diarrhoea) in central african republic (car) during the period 2003-2004 were reported. eleven sd1 comparison strains (cs) a ... | 2006 | 16701761 |
| structural mimicry for vinculin activation by ipaa, a virulence factor of shigella flexneri. | invasion of epithelial cells by shigella flexneri is characterized by cytoskeletal rearrangements of the host cell membrane, promoting internalization of the bacterium. the bacterial effector ipaa is injected into the epithelial cell by a type iii secretion apparatus and recruits vinculin to regulate actin polymerization at the site of entry. we analysed the complex formed between a carboxy-terminal fragment of ipaa (ipaa(560-633)) and the vinculin d1 domain (vd1), both in crystals and in soluti ... | 2006 | 16826238 |
| comparative genomics reveals what makes an enterobacterial plant pathogen. | the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae contains some of the most devastating human and animal pathogens, including escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and species of yersinia and shigella. these are among the best-studied of any organisms, yet there is much to be learned about the nature and evolution of interactions with their hosts and with the wider environment. comparative and functional genomics have fundamentally improved our understanding of their modes of adaptation to different ecolo ... | 2006 | 16704357 |
| synthesis, a case of isostructural packing, and antimicrobial activity of silver(i)quinoxaline nitrate, silver(i)(2,5-dimethylpyrazine) nitrate and two related silver aminopyridine compounds. | the synthesis and low temperature crystal structures of [ag(quinoxaline)]n(no3)n, 1, [ag(2,5-dimethylpyrazine)(no3)]n, 2 and [ag4(3-aminopyridine)4(no3)4]n 3 are presented. the quinoxaline compound forms a 1d coordination polymer with the characteristic linear 2-coordination figure of silver(i), the n-ag-n angle being 164.2(1) degrees, and only weak silver-nitrate interactions. in addition there is an interaction giving pairs of parallel chains as the main structural theme. the 2,5-dimethylpyraz ... | 2006 | 16718338 |
| a novel functional t cell hybridoma recognizes macrophage cell death induced by bacteria: a possible role for innate lymphocytes in bacterial infection. | we have established a novel tcralphabeta (tcrvbeta6)(+)cd4(-)cd8(-) t cell hybridoma designated b6ho3. when the b6ho3 cells were cocultured with bacterial-infected j774 macrophage-like cells, ifn-gamma production by b6ho3 cells was triggered through direct cell-cell contact with dying j774 cells infected with listeria monocytogenes (lm), shigella flexneri, or salmonella typhimurium that expressed the type iii secretion system, but not with intact j774 cells infected with heat-killed lm, nonhemol ... | 2006 | 16751404 |
| an aflp-based database of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei isolates and its use for the identification of untypable shigella strains. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) can be used to assess the genetic diversity of closely related microbial genomes. in this study, the first of its kind for identification of shigella, the high discriminatory power of aflp has been used to determine the genetic relatedness of 230 isolates of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei strains. an aflp database was generated to demonstrate its utility in the discrimination of closely related strains. based on aflp, s. flexneri strains could ... | 2006 | 16837089 |
| surveillance for bacterial diarrhea and antimicrobial resistance in rural western kenya, 1997-2003. | diarrhea is a major cause of preventable illness in sub-saharan africa. although most cases of bacterial gastroenteritis do not require antimicrobial treatment, antimicrobial use is widespread. we examined the bacterial causes of diarrhea and monitored antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates through clinic-based surveillance in a rural kenyan community. | 2006 | 16838225 |
| iron and pathogenesis of shigella: iron acquisition in the intracellular environment. | shigella species are able to grow in a variety of environments, including intracellularly in host epithelial cells. shigella have a number of different iron transport systems that contribute to their ability to grow in these diverse environments. siderophore iron uptake systems, heme transporters, and ferric and ferrous iron transport systems are present in these bacteria, and the genes encoding some of these systems appear to have spread among the shigella species by horizontal transmission. ir ... | 2006 | 16718602 |
| inactivation of gram-negative bacteria in milk and banana juice by hen egg white and lambda lysozyme under high hydrostatic pressure. | the effect of hen egg white lysozyme (hewl) and bacteriophage lambda lysozyme (lal) in combination with high pressure (hp) treatment on the inactivation of four gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli o157:h7, shigella flexneri, yersinia enterocolitica and salmonella typhimurium), was studied in skim milk (ph 6.8; a(w) 0.997) and in banana juice (ph 3.8; a(w) 0.971). in the absence of lysozymes, s. flexneri was more sensitive to hp in milk than in banana juice, while the opposite was observed f ... | 2006 | 16843561 |