Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [a new serotype of shigella boydii]. | two strains which belong to the same serotype of shigella were isolated from the bloody-pus stool of two patients (in 1986) and is reported in this paper. the results were identical both showing agglutination in low titer with serotype 8 of s. dysenteriae and serotype 4 of s. boydii when the two strains were checked well with all kinds of diagnostic antisera and vice versa, ie the antisera produced by the two strains were also checked well with sera prepared with the representative strains of al ... | 1990 | 2251827 |
| [local immunity in pathology of the iga system (iga subclasses in the saliva of patients with a-paraproteinemia)]. | in 39 patients with a-paraproteinemia, the local immunity status was estimated according to the level of iga subclasses in the saliva and antibody activity of secretory iga to e. coli and s. sonnei. local production of normal iga was undisturbed only in 12 patients with a-paraproteinemia, since in the saliva of those patients, there was a normal correlation of iga subclasses and the level of antimicrobial iga antibodies was the same as in healthy persons. the overwhelming majority of the patient ... | 1990 | 2251665 |
| [bacillary dysentery--1988]. | 1990 | 2251385 | |
| hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with shigellosis: a report of 8 cases. | during an outbreak of dysentery in the northeastern part of thailand, eight cases of hus were admitted to srinagarind hospital from april to september 1987. their ages ranged from 6 months to 6 years (mean age = 2.4 years). all patients had prodromal symptoms of mucous bloody diarrhea. the stool culture was positive for shigella dysentery type i in one case. the treatment included blood transfusion, peritoneal dialysis, exchange transfusion and supportive treatment. one patient died from nosocom ... | 1990 | 2246628 |
| [monotherapy using cefotaxime (claforan) in severe dysentery caused by highly resistant shigella]. | 1990 | 2244065 | |
| multi-drug-resistant shigella infections in fujian province, china. | 1990 | 2243184 | |
| recurrent seizures in children with shigella-associated convulsions. | fifty-five children with shigella-associated convulsions were followed prospectively to investigate their risk of subsequent febrile or nonfebrile seizures. the duration of the follow-up period was between 6.9 and 14.1 years (9.7 +/- 3.1 years). no case of nonfebrile seizures and only 2 cases (3%) of subsequent febrile seizures were observed during this period. we conclude that although febrile and shigella-associated convulsions share many clinical features, the natural history of these two con ... | 1990 | 2241123 |
| the monitoring of foodhandlers in papua new guinea. | in early 1987 guidelines were re-enforced for pre-employment medicals and 6-monthly health checks on foodhandlers in the ok tedi mining project in papua new guinea. the health monitoring program was stepped up as a result of two typhoid cases imported from the highlands and catering subcontractors failing to comply with the necessary pre-placement medicals for foodhandlers. highlanders made up 28% (49/174) of the ok tedi catering department's workforce in 1987. the initial screen of 155 foodhand ... | 1990 | 2238835 |
| behavior of urban based child caretakers in the home treatment of diarrheal diseases. | behaviors of low income urban mothers and child caretakers in the treatment of childhood less than 5 year diarrhea were analysed from a surveillance study conducted between august 1988 and july 1989. help seeking behaviors of mothers and caretakers for 412 episodes of child diarrhea were as follows: investigators 37.1%, drug stores 18.2%, wait and see or self treatment 17.0%, private clinics 12.6%, near by hospital 10.2%, and local health center 4.9%. major treatment practices included ort alone ... | 1990 | 2237599 |
| prevalent serogroups and antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella strains in metro manila, 1982-1988. | from 1982 to 1988, shigella was detected in 4% of stool specimens cultured at the research institute for tropical medicine (ritm), manila. s. flexneri was the most prevalent serogroup with 2a, 1b and 1a as the predominant serotypes. isolation was most frequent during the july to december period. drug resistance was most often observed in s. flexneri with serotype 2a exhibiting resistance to the combination of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and streptomycin. more multiple-drug than sin ... | 1990 | 2237588 |
| epidemiological study of sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes in enterobacteriaceae. | sulfonamide (su) and trimethoprim (tp) resistance are known to caused by the production of drug resistant dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), respectively. sulfonamide and trimethoprim are often used in combination under the name cotrimoxazole. cotrimoxazole resistance in various enteric bacteria isolated at ramathibodi hospital was studied. the rate of resistance from 1984-1989 of many genera was rather constant at 40%-60% except in shigella spp in which the rate ... | 1990 | 2237584 |
| salmonella and shigella carriers among refugees from the middle east and sri lanka in denmark. | one per cent of ten thousand refugees were asymptomatic carriers of salmonella and shigella species found by a differentiated health check programme at a danish red cross arrival centre in denmark 1985 and 1986. six patients with typhoid fever and one with s. parathyphi-a septicaemia all fell ill within the first few weeks after arrival. a child of a chronic s. typhi carrier developed typhoid fever four months after arrival. cases of sporadic and mild diarrhoea occurred due to salmonella and shi ... | 1990 | 2237324 |
| [new aspects of intolerance of the aqueous iodinated x-ray contrast medium, adipiodone--fatal interaction of adipiodone-ultrabil with the immunomodulators corynebacterium parvum (cp) and shigella dysenteriae endotoxin (lps)]. | the authors assume a new type of interaction of the aqueous x-ray contrast substance type adipiodone (ultrabil 50% spofa) with immunomodulators of corynebacterium parvum (cp) and the endotoxin of shigella dysenteriae (lps). the fatal type of interaction developed regularly as a result of the concurrent i.v. administration of the x-ray contrast substance adipiodone with the endotoxin of shigella dys. (lps) to laboratory animals (mice) which had five days previously a single dose of corynebacteriu ... | 1990 | 2237238 |
| quinolone antibiotics in the treatment of salmonella infections. | the 4-fluoroquinolones are a new class of antimicrobial agents that possess broad in vitro antibacterial activity, including efficacy against enteric pathogens such as salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, yersinia, and vibrio species. these drugs are clinically effective against both drug-sensitive and multiresistant strains of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi that cause enteric fever. in salmonella enterocolitis, the quinolones--unlike older antimicrobial agents that may have little im ... | 1990 | 2237130 |
| induction of verotoxin sensitivity in receptor-deficient cell lines using the receptor glycolipid globotriosylceramide. | verotoxin 1 is an escherichia coli-derived subunit toxin that specifically binds to the glycolipid globotriosylceramide and is cytotoxic for cells that contain this plasma membrane glycolipid. glycolipid incorporation experiments have now been performed using human lymphoid cells of the b lineage that lack this receptor, to conclusively demonstrate that globotriosylceramide alone is a functional receptor for this toxin. globotriosylceramide incorporated into the membrane of toxin-resistant cells ... | 1990 | 2236008 |
| plasmid profiles of shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolates from ethiopia with special reference to r-plasmids. | plasmid profiles of 80 shigella dysenteriae type 1 (shiga's bacillus) strains, collected between 1974 and 1985 in ethiopia, were examined. strains with the dominant antibiotic-resistance (r-) type--resistance to ampicillin (a), chloramphenicol (c), streptomycin (s), sulphadiazine (su) and tetracycline (t)--showed two distinct plasmid profiles (pp). six plasmid bands were demonstrated in "ethiopian strains" with pp-1a isolated between 1974 and 1982. in mating experiments with these strains, esche ... | 1990 | 2231675 |
| undetectable anti-bacterial activity of andrographis paniculata (burma) wall. ex ness. | andrographis paniculata (burma) wall. ex ness (ap) is a herbal medicine and has been used for therapy of upper respiratory tract infection (uri) as well as acute diarrhea with reported efficacy of 75-100 per cent. to investigate whether anti-bacterial activity was responsible for the reported therapeutic success of ap, we carried out a number of studies. the first study was a direct assay of anti-bacterial activity of ap suspended in water. the tested pathogens included salmonella, shigella, e.c ... | 1990 | 2230623 |
| [an improved differential medium, ca medium, for differentiating shigella]. | we devised a citrate-acetate (ca) medium for rapidly differentiating shigella. the medium consisted of 3.0 g of sodium citrate, 2.0 g of sodium acetate, 0.2 g of glucose, 1.0 g of dipotassium phosphate, 1.0 g of mono ammonium phosphate, 0.2 g of magnesium sulfate, 5.0 g of sodium chloride, 0.08 g of brom thymol blue, 15.0 g of agar, and 1000 ml of distilled water. an evaluation was made of the ca medium, for the rapid differentiation of 23 shigella strains, 129 escherichia coli strains and 130 i ... | 1990 | 2230374 |
| a large outbreak of antibiotic-resistant shigellosis at a mass gathering. | in july 1987, a large outbreak of shigellosis occurred among attendees at a mass gathering in a national forest, the annual rainbow family gathering. sanitation in the campsite was poor, allowing widespread transmission of disease, probably by food, water, and person-to-person spread. the attack rate may have been greater than 50% among the estimated 12,700 attendees. the outbreak was caused by shigella sonnei, resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; the organis ... | 1990 | 2230262 |
| differentiation of shiga toxin and vero cytotoxin type 1 genes by polymerase chain reaction. | two sets of synthetic oligonucleotide primers were used in a polymerase chain reaction technique to distinguish genes for shiga toxin in shigella dysenteriae 1 and type 1 vero cytotoxin (vt1) in escherichia coli. vt1a and vt1b primers directed at a common 130-base-pair (bp) fragment of the stx and slti genes detected template nucleic acid in both shiga toxin-positive s. dysenteriae 1 and vt1-producing e. coli strains. vt1c and vt1d primers, targeting a 140-bp fragment of the promoter region of t ... | 1990 | 2230244 |
| antimicrobial resistance of shigella isolates in the usa: the importance of international travelers. | a nationwide sample of shigella isolates was collected and tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents to assess the prevalence and epidemiologic correlates of antimicrobial resistance in shigella. of the isolates, 32% were resistant to ampicillin, 7% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 0.4% to nalidixic acid. fifty (20%) of 252 isolates were associated with foreign travel. the best predictor of clinically important resistance was a history of foreign travel: 20% of isolates from foreign ... | 1990 | 2230237 |
| fatal dysentery in rural bangladesh. | the purpose of this study was to find out the actual circumstances which lead to dysentery-related deaths in the rural bangladesh. the community health workers of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh have been collecting records of all deaths at the rural area of matlab through a surveillance system since 1963. a review of existing data on dysentery-related deaths from this area during 1976-1981 suggests that deaths in children followed a recurring seasonal patter ... | 1990 | 2229985 |
| comparison of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated oligonucleotide dna probe with the sereny test for identification of shigella strains. | we compared an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated oligonucleotide dna probe with the sereny test to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the probe in detecting virulent shigella strains. the probe hybridized with all 52 sereny-test-positive strains (sensitivity, 100%) and 4 of 21 sereny-test-negative strains (specificity, 81%). the probe did not hybridize with any of the sereny-test-negative s. dysenteriae type 1 strains. this nonradioactive, synthetic probe provides a simple, rapid way to ... | 1990 | 2229395 |
| [a thermostable toxin-producing e. coli and infantile diarrhea]. | an e. coli strain producing only a thermostable toxin (st) and belonging to serogroup 0153 (etec 0153; st) was isolated from the stools of 9 infants with diarrhea, 4 of them premature, during the last half of august, 1988. all the 4 prematures passed frequent fluid stools. in 5 of the 9 infants, other pathogens were found in addition to the etec strain, including rotavirus, plesiomonas and shigella sonnei. until recently, etec strains like that described were considered rare all over the world. ... | 1990 | 2227649 |
| [cloning of shigella flexneri 2a genes coding for restriction- modification system sfl2ai]. | the sfl2ai system of restriction-modification (rm) was revealed in the cells of shigella flexneri encoded by pkmr114 plasmid belonging to the incn incompatibility group. the genes for sfl2ai rm system were cloned. the system was ascribed to the enzymes of the ecorii specificity, as shown by in vivo and in vitro experiments. restriction analysis of these genes' region and antigenic properties of the sfl2ai endonuclease pointed to significant differences between this and ecorii rm systems. | 1990 | 2227395 |
| [detection of protease specifically splitting actin in revertants of shigella flexneri l-forms]. | proteolytic activity of cell extracts from revertants of shigella flexneri l-forms as well as biochemical properties of these strains and their sensitivity to antibiotics were studied. the protease found earlier in cells of strain e. coli a2 was shown to be synthesized by one of 8 revertants under study. this protease split actin and did not split some other proteins, its activity was inhibited by inhibitors of metalloproteases. strain 5a2c which produced the protease was similar to the strain e ... | 1990 | 2224099 |
| hemolysin as a marker for serratia. | all serratia marcescens strains (total of 33) of different sources were hemolytic including clinical strains previously classified as being nonhemolytic. dna fragments of the two hemolysin genes hybridized with the chromosomal dna of s. marcescens, s. liquefaciens, s. kiliensis, s. grimesii, s. proteamaculans, s. plymutica, s. rubridaea which were also hemolytic. the restriction pattern of the hemolysin locus differed in each strain. s. ficaria and s. marinorubra expressed a different hemolysin ... | 1990 | 2222120 |
| [the article by iu. p. solodovnikov the etiological structure of bacterial dysentery in the ussr]. | 1990 | 2220214 | |
| immunolabelling of shiga toxin in macrophages infected with shigella dysenteriae 1. | immunolabelling of shiga toxin in macrophages infected with a non-invasive shigella dysenteriae 1 isolate showed that bacteria remained alive for 3 h after ingestion within the phagocytic vacuole and synthesized shiga toxin. the normal process of toxin secretion was, however, impaired by the phagosomal environment and toxin molecules accumulated within the bacterial cytoplasm. | 1990 | 2218059 |
| periparturitional shigellosis. | a case is reported in which shigella sonnei induced both maternal disease (chorioamnionitis) and neonatal disease (pneumonia) in the immediate periparturitional period. the role of shigella sonnei as a periparturitional pathogen is discussed. | 1990 | 2215779 |
| plants used in guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 1. screening of 84 plants against enterobacteria. | gastrointestinal disorders are important causes of morbidity in developing countries. natural healing is the traditional way of treating these diseases in guatemala. ethnobotanical surveys and literature reviews showed that 385 plants from 95 families are used in guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. the activity of 84 of the most commonly used plants was screened in vitro against five enterobacteria pathogenic to man (enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidi ... | 1990 | 2214824 |
| comparative study of the prevalence and clinical profiles of diarrheas due to aeromonas and other enteric pathogens. | the prevalence of aeromonas spp. and other enteric pathogens in stool specimens from diarrheic and non-diarrheic patients was studied over a 12 month period (january to december, 1986). except for the absence of fever, all the clinical features in aeromonas diarrhea were comparable to those associated with other diarrheagenic agents. these features included abdominal pain (30%), vomiting (24.5%), fever (31.5%), dehydration (9.5%) and hematochezia (19.5%). aeromonas spp. were more frequently isol ... | 1990 | 2212640 |
| autoantibodies to the hla-b27 sequence cross-react with the hypothetical peptide from the arthritis-associated shigella plasmid. | we previously reported elevated serum antibody levels to a peptide representing the hla-b27 polymorphic region (b27 peptide) in hla-b27(+) ankylosing spondylitis (as) patients. a plasmid (phs-2) isolated from arthritogenic shigella flexneri strains had been shown to encode an amino acid sequence homologous to hla-b27. rabbit antibody to this sequence (phs-2 peptide) strongly cross-reacted with b27 peptide and, to a much lesser extent, with klebsiella nitrogenase peptide. serum antibody levels to ... | 1990 | 2212008 |
| mutational analysis of the virg protein, a transcriptional activator of agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence genes. | the virg protein of agrobacterium tumefaciens is required in conjunction with the vira protein for transcriptional activation of the virulence (vir) genes in response to plant phenolic compounds. these proteins are members of a family of two component regulatory systems. vir genes are activated via a cascade of phosphorylation reactions involving a specific aspartic acid residue of the virg protein. we have conducted a mutational analysis of the virg protein. by mutating conserved and nonconserv ... | 1990 | 2211523 |
| infection with bacterial enteropathogens in swedish travellers to south-east asia--a prospective study. | infection with potential bacterial enteropathogens was studied prospectively in 94 swedish travellers. three faecal samples were collected, regardless of diarrhoeal symptoms, after each of three 1-week stays in singapore, hong kong and japan. the specimens were analyzed for salmonella, shigella, yersinia, campylobacter and different enterotoxin-producing bacteria. a potential enteropathogen was identified in 30% (28/94) of the participants, i.e. in 26% of the healthy and in 39% of the travellers ... | 1990 | 2209737 |
| cell surface proteins from shigella dysenteriae type 1. | a simple extraction procedure was used for preparing cell surface proteins (csps) from shigella dysenteriae type 1. the preparations obtained using either buffer or water extractions were free from lipopolysaccharide (lps), as well as cytoplasmic and periplasmic proteins. by sds-page, about 25 polypeptides were detected, and western-blot analysis recognised 15 polypeptide antigens. when analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, using anti-shigella dysenteriae type 1 rabbit sera, 18 antigenic ba ... | 1990 | 2206198 |
| an investigation of culture media for the isolation of shigellae. | in this study we have investigated the efficiency of presently available culture media for the isolation of shigellae. xld was found to be the medium of choice, combined with both less and more selective culture media (e.g. macconkey, and hektoen or dca). by using these media in combination it was found that not only were shigellae isolated more often and efficiently, but fewer problems were encountered in isolating other enterobacteriaceae. | 1990 | 2205773 |
| [detection of two shiga-like toxins from escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates by the polymerase chain reaction method]. | fourteen isolates of e. coli o157:h7 and five isolates of s. dysenteriae type-1 were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the structural genes (slt-i or slt-ii), encoding shiga-like toxins (slts). the two primer pairs (v1; 5'agttaatgtggtggcgaa and v2; 5'gactgcgtcagtgaggtt for slt-i, v3; 5'ttcggtatcctattcccg and v4; 5'tctctggtcattgtatta for slt-ii) used were of the same positions representing the dna sequence covering 471bp of the slt-i or slt-ii. a 5-microliter portion of boiled bacte ... | 1990 | 2205737 |
| [a case of shigellosis due to shigella dysenteriae 1 which was thought to be infected in domestic area]. | a 43-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain on january 10, 1989. on laboratory examination s. dysenteriae 1 was isolated from his stool, therefore he was diagnosed as shigellosis. after the administration of ofloxacin was started, s. dysenteriae 1 was immediately eradicated. but his diarrhea persisted until the 19th day from the onset of the illness and his abdominal pain persisted until the 21st day. he had never been overseas and he had never ea ... | 1990 | 2205674 |
| [biochemical characteristics, growth on selective media, antimicrobial susceptibility, and diarrheagenic toxin production of enteroinvasive escherichia coli]. | a total of 70 strains of enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) belonging to 8 different o serogroups including o28ac o29, o121, o124, o136, o143, o144, and o164, was studied for their biochemical characteristics, growth on selective isolation agar, antimicrobial susceptibility, and diarrheagenic toxin production. among the biochemical characteristics examined, all eiec strains gave negative lysine decarboxylation and all but one belonging to o124 serogroup, were non-motile, regardless of their ... | 1990 | 2205673 |
| recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of the hemolytic uremic syndromes. | one of the requirements for an agent to cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is its ability to injure endothelial cells. shiga-like toxin (slt) can do this. slt is produced by escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae serotype 1; both have been implicated as causes of typical hus. endothelial cells have receptors (gb3) for slt and the toxin can inhibit eukaryotic protein synthesis, thereby causing cell death. glomerular endothelial cell injury or death results in a decreased glomerular filtrati ... | 1990 | 2205273 |
| n-terminal amino acid sequence of the novel type iiib trimethoprim-resistant plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductase from shigella sonnei. | the type iiib dihydrofolate reductase, a novel plasmid-encoded enzyme recently identified in shigella sonnei, has been shown to have some similar biochemical properties to the type iiia dihydrofolate reductase which was first identified in new zealand in 1979. however, the type iiib enzyme has a ki for trimethoprim of 0.4 microm, and a pi of 5.35 (as compared to 19 nm and 6.1 for the type iiia); both these results suggest that it is a different enzyme from the prototype type iiia. the type iiib ... | 1990 | 2204677 |
| [epidemiological role of food products in spreading shigella infections in present-day conditions]. | 1990 | 2204589 | |
| new approach to develop a vaccine design against shigellosis. | 1990 | 2204244 | |
| studies in volunteers to evaluate candidate shigella vaccines: further experience with a bivalent salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei vaccine and protection conferred by previous shigella sonnei disease. | a bivalent vaccine consisting of salmonella typhi strain ty21a containing the 120 mda plasmid of shigella sonnei and expressing both s. typhi and s. sonnei lipopolysaccharides (lps) on its surface was previously shown to protect significantly against s. sonnei disease in experimental challenge studies. however, protective efficacy could not be reconfirmed in volunteers with five subsequent lots of vaccine. one vaccine lot which resembled the initial protective lots of vaccine in biochemical and ... | 1990 | 2204243 |
| carboxy-terminal peptides from the b subunit of shiga toxin induce a local and parenteral protective effect. | two synthetic peptides corresponding to overlapping sequences from the c-terminus of the b chain of shiga toxin were prepared and characterized. these peptides consisted of residues 54-67 and 57-67 in the protein sequence. this region coincides with the major peak of surface area residues, as predicted from a computer-derived plot. for the purpose of immunization, the peptides were either conjugated with a protein or a synthetic carrier, or were polymerized. polyclonal antibodies against these p ... | 1990 | 2203962 |
| [pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of norfloxacin in the pediatric field]. | norfloxacin (nflx) tablets with a potency of 50 mg/tablet or 100 mg/tablet were administered at doses of 1 to 4 tablets (1.5 to 6.1 mg/kg) orally 30 minutes before meals to 12 children with ages ranging from 8 years 9 months to 12 years 5 months, and serum/urinary nflx levels and urinary recovery rates were determined. the drug sensitivity tests for nflx and 10 other drugs were conducted against 128 strains of shigella sonnei (10(6) cfu/ml) which had been isolated from pediatric patients with ba ... | 1990 | 2202843 |
| childhood shigellosis: clinical and bacteriological study. | ninety-three children with shigellosis were hospitalized in a regional hospital in kuwait during the year 1988. s. flexneri was the most common isolate (54%) followed by s. sonnei (39%) and s. boydii (7%). in addition to the gastrointestinal manifestations, 14 patients (15%) developed generalized convulsions. the benign and self-limiting nature of the convulsions associated with shigellosis means that neither diagnostic procedure nor drug therapy are usually necessary. the disease was self-limit ... | 1990 | 2202839 |
| characterization of enterobacteria by esterase specific-activity profiles. | the spectrum of specific activities and the electrophoretic mobilities of esterases produced by 550 strains of enterobacteriaceae belonging to 36 species and subclassified into six groups (group 1, escherichia coli, shigella and escherichia hermanii; group 2, genus salmonella and genus citrobacter; group 3, genus klebsiella and genus enterobacter; group 4, genus serratia and serratia fonticola; group 5, genus proteus, genus providencia and genus morganella; and group 6, genus yersinia) were anal ... | 1990 | 2202780 |
| haemolytic uraemic syndrome with shigella. | a 49-year-old male developed bloody diarrhoea whilst on a visit to india. sigmoidoscopy and rectal biopsy showed acute colitis. shigella dysentery type i was isolated from stool culture. cytotoxin production by the organism was demonstrated. the patient developed acute renal failure, thrombocytopaenia and microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. he required mechanical ventilation, haemodialysis, blood transfusion and antibiotic therapy and achieved a complete recovery. this is an unusual case of hae ... | 1990 | 2202698 |
| therapy for shigellosis. ii. randomized, double-blind comparison of ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. | ciprofloxacin, 500 mg every 12 h, was compared with ampicillin, 500 mg every 6 h, both given for 5 days, in the treatment of 121 adult males hospitalized with severe shigellosis. treatment was randomized and double-blinded. at the completion of treatment, there was resolution or marked improvement in symptoms in 57 (95%) of 60 ciprofloxacin-treated patients, 23 (88%) of 26 ampicillin-treated patients infected with an ampicillin-susceptible strain of shigella, and 15 (43%) of 35 ampicillin-treate ... | 1990 | 2201742 |
| from the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases. summary of the 25th united states-japan joint conference on cholera and related diarrheal diseases. | 1990 | 2201739 | |
| [morphological changes caused by the dermonecrosis factor of the causative agents of cholera and various other intestinal infections]. | intra- or subepithelial focal purulent inflammation with necrosis of exudating leucocytes during 1-2 days is developed in consequence of intradermal injection of the living cholera vibrios, cultured on membrane agar, or their supernatants. sometimes coagulative necrosis of cover epithelium arises without preliminary purulent inflammation stage from the very beginning. intradermal injection of living cholera vibrios leads to the development of coagulative necrotic foci in derma too. the vascular ... | 1990 | 2201411 |
| [modern views on the pathogenesis of dysentery: the role of invasion and the toxic action of shigella]. | 1990 | 2201151 | |
| [the formulation of epidemiological hypotheses by using the methods of multivariate statistical analysis]. | the work demonstrates the main approaches to the use of the methods of multidimensional analysis for the creation of a hypothesis on the mechanism of the epidemiological process of dysentery in organized groups. the main risk factors have been established, and their role in the formation of annual, all-the-year-round and seasonal dysentery morbidity has been quantitatively evaluated. the results of analysis show the existence of diverse variants of the alimentary route of the transmission of inf ... | 1990 | 2201148 |
| plasmid profiles of antibiotic-resistant shigella dysenteriae types 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 isolated in ethiopia during 1976-85. | plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis was carried out on 37 drug-resistant strains of shigella dysenteriae types 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7. these strains were collected between 1976 and 1985 in addis ababa, ethiopia. the plasmid profile of s. dysenteriae type 2 strains with r-type cssut did not show middle-sized plasmids likely to code for cssut resistance. all strains contained a large plasmid of about 120 megadaltons (mda), and a cryptic plasmid of about 2.2 mda. the plasmid profiles ... | 1990 | 2200703 |
| plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of shigella isolates from nigeria. | in an epidemiological survey, plasmid profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 100 shigella isolates in lagos, nigeria was done. all the isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. the commonest antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was resistance to ampicillin, colistin sulphate, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline. all but 4 of 100 isolates screened contained one or more plasmids. plasmid profile analysis distinguished more strains than did ... | 1990 | 2200702 |
| molecular epidemiology of shigella infection in central australia. | shigellosis is endemic in central australia and the infections are predominantly due to shigella flexneri 6, shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei. plasmid profiles of isolates collected from 1985-9, suggested that infections caused by shigella flexneri 6 were predominantly due to a single clone, whereas those caused by shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei were due to several genetically diverse strains, although strains with identical plasmid profiles were found in widely separated geogr ... | 1990 | 2200701 |
| epidemiology of shigellosis in teknaf, a coastal area of bangladesh: a 10-year survey. | the epidemiological data on shigellosis in teknaf, a coastal area of bangladesh, were reviewed for a 10-year period (1975-84). certain similarities and differences were observed in the epidemiology of the disease in teknaf when compared with urban dhaka and rural matlab. similarities included: round-the-year infection with two peaks, one in the monsoon period and the other in the winter period; high male to female attendance ratio at the treatment centre; the predominance of infection in the und ... | 1990 | 2200700 |
| molecular characterization of trimethoprim resistance in shigella sonnei in sicily. | during the 3-year period 1985-7, all strains of shigella sonnei isolated in catania, sicily, showed a high level of resistance to trimethoprim (tp) which was invariably associated with resistance to other antibiotics. plasmid analysis showed 18 different electropherotypes: 35 of 37 strains harboured a plasmid of 70 megadaltons (mda), and 29 of 37 strains a plasmid of 130 mda. restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of purified 70 mda plasmid dna from different strains demonstrated that these pla ... | 1990 | 2200699 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of invasive shigella flexneri in food. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify a 760-base-pair (bp) fragment with the 220-kbp invasive plasmids of enteroinvasive escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei as templates. this pcr product was easily detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. a 210-bp acci-psti fragment lying within the amplified region was used as a probe in southern hybridization blots and showed that the pcr-generated product was derived from the invas ... | 1990 | 2200336 |
| production of shiga-like toxin among escherichia coli strains and other bacteria isolated from diarrhea in são paulo, brazil. | an elevated level of shiga-like toxin i (slt-i) production was found in 1 of 466 escherichia coli strains studied. among the 34 sonic lysates obtained from classical enteropathogenic e. coli, 5 produced slt-i. the aeromonas, citrobacter, edwardsiella, enterobacter, klebsiella, proteus, providencia, pseudomonas, salmonella, serratia, shigella, yersinia, and vibrio strains also studied were not slt producers, except for a shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain. although slt-i-producing e. coli strains ... | 1990 | 2199511 |
| acute gastroenteritis due to double infection with enteropathogenic escherichia coli or salmonella and another bacterial pathogen. | two enteric bacterial pathogens were concomitantly isolated from the feces of 18 infants less than 6 months of age admitted to the assaf harofeh medical center over a 7-year period. in all but two patients stool cultures grew enteropathogenic escherichia coli, six of serogroup 0119. the other organisms cultured were shigella, salmonella, campylobacter jejuni and aeromonas hydrophila. the usual clinical presentation was diarrhea, dehydration and vomiting of acute onset, and low grade fever. patie ... | 1990 | 2199408 |
| novel dihydrofolate reductases isolated from epidemic strains of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant shigella sonnei. | two strains of trimethoprim-resistant shigella sonnei bearing r plasmids pbh600 and pbh700 each elaborated a dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and were moderately resistant to trimethoprim (minimum inhibitory concentrations, 128 and 256 micrograms/ml, respectively). neither plasmid hybridized to probes for dhfr types i, ii, or iii. the trimethoprim resistance genes from the r plasmids resided on a 1600-base pair (bp) psti fragment of pbh600 and an 1800-bp psti fragment of pbh700. isoelectric focusi ... | 1990 | 2197340 |
| randomised double blind trial of single dose doxycycline for treating cholera in adults. | to compare the efficacy of a single dose of doxycycline (200 or 300 mg) with the standard multiple doses of tetracycline in patients with cholera. | 1990 | 2196962 |
| [the importance of shigella boydii in shigellosis morbidity in the ussr]. | the etiological role of s. boydii in shigella infections registered at different territories of the ussr in 1986-1987 was analyzed. as established by this analysis, s. boydii infection occurred mainly at the territories with unsatisfactory water supply of the population; from these territories the infection spread to ther territories of the ussr. the dominating serovars causing s. boydii dysentery, as well as shigella infections, at different territories of the ussr was shown to be identical, wh ... | 1990 | 2195811 |
| [in vitro antibacterial activity of ru 51746 (sodium salt of cefpodoxime). results of a multicenter study]. | cefpodoxime proxetil, a new oral cephalosporin, is the prodrug ester of cefpodoxime. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of ru 51746 (sodium salt of cefpodoxime: cpd) were evaluated by agar dilution for 1 696 bacterial strains isolated in 5 hospitals. for enterobacteriaceae, mic 50 and 90% were respectively (micrograms/ml): (1) naturally non bêtalactamase producing species: e. coli, shigella and salmonella 0.25-0.5; p. mirabilis 0.06-0.12. (ii) chromosomal penicillinase producing species: kl ... | 1990 | 2195445 |
| comparative study of attachment to and invasion of epithelial cell lines by shigella dysenteriae. | henle 407 and hela cells were compared as hosts for shigella dysenteriae at a low multiplicity of infection. efficiency of attachment and invasion without centrifugation, as well as selectivity for pathogenic over nonpathogenic s. dysenteriae without congo red, were much greater for henle 407 cells than for hela cells. | 1990 | 2194970 |
| aetiology of diarrhoea in pre-term neonates at kenyatta national hospital nursery, nairobi, kenya. | the aetiology of two outbreaks of diarrhoea in pre-term neonates (march-august; september, 1987), at kenyatta national hospital was studied. the first outbreak involved 98 neonates and enteropathogenic e. coli of different serotypes were the most commonly isolated agents (54%), with serotype 086a:k61 dominating. these were followed by salmonella (16%) also of different groups, and then rotavirus (6%). two campylobacter and two shigella were isolated from four individual neonates. mixed infection ... | 1990 | 2194778 |
| [thymus involution and recovery in mice after the administration of lipopolysaccharide]. | the single injection of 50 micrograms lps induces polyclonal immune response in the spleen of (cba x c57b1/6) f1 mice. it is accompanied by the thymic involution and depletion of blasts and mitoses, as showed morphometric analysis. vinblastin does not induce: accumulation of the mitoses during the first and second days after lps injection. the regeneration of the thymus begins already from the second day with increasing of blast cells, reaching a maximum at the 3rd day. the mitosis wave retards ... | 1990 | 2194581 |
| [inhibition of enteropathogens by clostridium butyricum miyairi 588]. | the inhibitory effect of clostridium butyricum miyairi 588 against various enteropathogens was investigated in mixed cultures. it was observed that c. butyricum m588 inhibited the growth of vibrio cholerae o1, v. cholerae non-o1, aeromonas hydrophila, and shigella flexneri. considering that the interaction between c. butyricum and shigella is especially important because of their proliferation site in the lower intestine, further examinations were carried out on shigella in particular. results w ... | 1990 | 2193065 |
| the pathology of shigella flexneri infection in rhesus monkeys: an endoscopic and histopathological study of colonic lesions. | twenty-two rhesus monkeys were orally fed 1 x 10(11) live virulent shigella flexneri of either serotypes 1b, 2a, 4a or y. on the basis of colonoscopic findings they were classified into: group a - normal endoscopic picture (10 monkeys), and group b - pathological endoscopic picture (12 monkeys). pathological findings, distributed over the entire colon, were seen as either red patches (+/- erosions) or diffuse lesions, i.e. fragile red mucosa, mucosal bleeding and broad edemas. histopathological ... | 1990 | 2191692 |
| laboratory criteria in the diagnostics of intestinal infections of staphylococcal etiology in children. | faecal samples were investigated from 948 children hospitalized with the diagnose of acute intestinal infection. the authors studied the isolation and properties of a broad spectrum of microorganisms from children's faeces: salmonella, shigella, e. coli, s. aureus, rotaviruses, klebsiella, morganella, proteus. as a result, laboratory criteria were formulated of diagnosing in children intestinal infection of staphylococcal etiology. | 1990 | 2191037 |
| [antibiotic resistance of strains of shigella dysenteriae and flexneri isolated in tananarive and on the east coast of madagascar]. | from november 1988 to march 1989, stools from 804 malagasy children were examined, thirty-seven strains of shigella were isolated, from which 5 s. dysenteriae serotype 1 (= shiga bacillus) strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulphonamide and even to trimethoprim. resistance to trimethoprim has appeared only recently in madagascar. | 1990 | 2190702 |
| differential protein expression by shigella flexneri in intracellular and extracellular environments. | shigellae were intrinsically radiolabeled with [35s]methionine either extracellularly or while multiplying within infected hela cell monolayers. a complex pattern of suppression and induction of proteins was observed. proteins of approximately 97, 62, 58, 50, 25, and 18 kilodaltons (kda) were induced in shigella flexneri isolated from infected monolayers. proteins of 100, 85, 70, 64, and 55 kda were suppressed under the same conditions but were seen in cells labeled in the tissue culture medium ... | 1990 | 2190215 |
| synthesis and 2d-n.m.r. analysis of a pentasaccharide glycoside of the biological repeating units of shigella flexneri variant y polysaccharide and the preparation of a synthetic antigen. | 1990 | 2189552 | |
| detection of shigella in feces using dna amplification. | a rapid diagnostic method employing a polymerase chain reaction procedure (pcr) was used to identify shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. this procedure amplified a region of the invasive-associated locus (ial) from a crude dna extract of feces. a synthetic 21-base oligonucleotide corresponding to the ial gene sequence was shown to specifically hybridize only with enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) strains and shigella species. upon pcr amplification, a 320-base pair fragment was generated i ... | 1990 | 2189008 |
| increase of trimethoprim resistance among shigella species, 1975-1988: analysis of resistance mechanisms. | trimethoprim (tmp) resistance among shigella species isolated from finnish travelers increased from 3.0% in 1975-1982 to 42.0%-43.8% in 1987-1988. of the 317 tmp-resistant shigella isolates identified during 1975-1988, 175 (55%) collected in 1985-1987 and in 1988 were tested further. almost all (98%) were highly resistant to tmp, suggesting a plasmid-mediated origin. the type i dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene was detected in 85% of the isolates studied. twenty-three percent of the type i dhf ... | 1990 | 2189006 |
| [membrane component of shigella flexneri and their relationship to bacteria antigenicity and virulence]. | our previous works have shown that membrane proteins of s. flexneri can elicit protection against the bacteria in vivo. in this study, we further, using human convalescent sera (hcs) from adult patients infected with s. flexneri, investigated the relationship between membrane components of s. flexneri and their antigenicities and virulences. it was shown in immunoblotting that 5 virulent strains of s. flexneri and avirulent strain t32 derived from s. flexneri 2a by istrati in romania and used as ... | 1990 | 2188429 |
| inhibition of the growth of enteropathogenic bacilli by bacteriocins produced by micro-organisms from the sediment of wells. | the bacterial flora of the sediment of 20 wells of water for human consumption in the rural area of the vii region in chile was examined. fourteen strains of bacteria, from different wells, produced bacteriocins which inhibited the growth of salmonella typhi, salm. typhimurium, shigella sonnei and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. about 50% of these strains contained plasmids of different molecular weight and a large number of these codified for bacteriocins. the results suggest what is required ... | 1990 | 2187848 |
| demonstration of cross-reactivity between bacterial antigens and class i human leukocyte antigens by using monoclonal antibodies to shigella flexneri. | bacterial envelope proteins which share immunodeterminants with the human leukocyte antigen (hla) class i histocompatibility antigen hla-b27 may invoke spondyloarthritic disease through the process of molecular mimicry in patients expressing this phenotype. monoclonal antibodies generated by the immunization of balb/c mice with envelope proteins of shigella flexneri type 2a were tested for reactivity against cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines of defined hla phenotype. as measured by flow microfl ... | 1990 | 2187807 |
| microbiological agents associated with childhood diarrhoea in the dry zone of sri lanka. | between march and july, 1987, faecal specimens from 371 diarrhoeal children reporting to four hospitals in the district of kurunegala, sri lanka and from 121 controls with other diseases were investigated for enteric pathogens. all specimens were tested for shigella spp, salmonella spp and enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec). in addition, parasitic pathogens, heat labile enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec lt), campylobacter and rotavirus were sought among subsamples of the cases and con ... | 1990 | 2187225 |
| results of screening for verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli in faeces in belgium. | during an 18-month period all stools submitted to a microbiology laboratory in belgium for culture were screened for verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) serotype o157. in the stool samples from 3940 patients, eight (0.2%) vtec o157 strains were isolated, seven of which were o157:h7. additional screening for other serotypes of vtec in 332 selected stool samples yielded four more strains (serotypes o2:k1:h6, o111:h-, o117:k1:h7 and o"c70/86":h-). the 0.3% isolation rate for all vtec wa ... | 1990 | 2186912 |
| protection of adult rabbits and monkeys from lethal shigellosis by oral immunization with a thymine-requiring and temperature-sensitive mutant of shigella flexneri y. | as an approach to the development of attenuated strains, thymine-requiring (thy-) and temperature-sensitive (ts-) single and double mutants of shigella flexneri y have been isolated by u.v. mutagenesis and selection. the mutants retained the 140 mda plasmid, were sereny-negative and avirulent in 'conditioned' rabbits and in monkeys. rabbits and monkeys immunized orally with two doses of the mutants were solidly protected against disease and lethality when challenged with the homologous virulent ... | 1990 | 2186582 |
| characterization of the genetic determinants of ssoii-restriction endonuclease and modification methyltransferase. | the genes encoding ssoi and ssoii restriction endonuclease (enase) and methyltransferase (mtase) are located on the small plasmids p6 and p4, respectively, of shigella sonnei strain 47. functions provided by plasmids p5, p7 and p9, which include colicinogenicity and immunity to colicin e1, resistance to streptomycin (sm), and conjugative dna transfer, respectively, have also been identified. the genes of the ssoii restriction-modification (r-m) system have been cloned into escherichia coli expre ... | 1990 | 2185134 |
| a common mechanism of transcriptional activation by the three positive regulators, virg, phob, and ompr. | virg, phob, and ompr are positive regulators of the virulence, phosphate, and osmolarity regulons, respectively. their target genes are attended with one or more significant blocks of similar 6-bp sequences in their regulatory regions. the distance between the block(s) and transcriptional start site varies with the target genes, but the blocks are located in a similar manner phase-specific to the promoter sequences. on the basis of these facts, we offer a novel model of transcriptional activatio ... | 1990 | 2185030 |
| dna supercoiling and environmental regulation of virulence gene expression in shigella flexneri. | bacterial pathogens undergo profound physiological changes when they infect their hosts, requiring coordinated regulation of gene expression in response to the stresses encountered during infection. a number of environmental stresses (such as osmotic shock and anaerobiosis) have been shown to induce changes in dna supercoiling that can directly affect the transcription of a specific subset of bacterial genes, at least some of which (the outer-membrane porins and type 1 fimbriae) play a part in b ... | 1990 | 2184366 |
| nucleotide sequence of invasion plasmid antigen gene ipaa from shigella flexneri 5. | 1990 | 2183200 | |
| polysaccharide-protein conjugates: a new generation of vaccines. | 1990 | 2182727 | |
| rapid and specific detection of verotoxin genes in escherichia coli by the polymerase chain reaction. | a set of four synthetic oligonucleotide probes derived from sequences of the vt1 (shiga-like toxin i [slt-i]) and vt2 (slt-ii) genes were used in a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification procedure to detect these genes in some enteric pathogens. a total of 40 verotoxin-producing escherichia coli strains and 43 isolates of other recognized enteric pathogens were studied. pcr amplification products identifying the vt1 and vt2 gene sequences were observed only in nucleic acid extracted from ... | 1990 | 2182671 |
| trimethoprim resistance gene in shigella dysenteriae 1 isolates obtained from widely scattered locations of asia. | trimethoprim-resistance genes of shigella dysenteriae 1 strains, isolated from a different location of six different countries of asia over a 5-year period were characterized by using three different dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene probes. the trimethoprim-resistant (tmpr) strains hybridized only with the type i dhfr gene probe by colony hybridization. none of the strains hybridized with types ii and iii dhfr gene probes. southern blot experiments using plasmid dna extracted from these resis ... | 1990 | 2182327 |
| molecular epidemiology of shigella sonnei in pima county, arizona: evidence for a mexico-related plasmid. | in 1984, the incidence of shigellosis was 32.4 per 100,000 population in pima county, arizona. to investigate sources, shigella isolates and epidemiologic data were collected for 79 cases of infection with shigella sonnei, the most common species. since s. sonnei has a single serotype, plasmid isolation was attempted to refine the epidemiologic analysis. there were seven plasmid patterns containing 17, 13, 4, 22, 9, 2, and 3 isolates. twelve of 17 isolates associated with recent travel to mexico ... | 1990 | 2181036 |
| public health and research perspectives on the microbial contamination of foods. | scientific advances in methodology and epidemiology have resulted in a renewed awareness of foodborne disease, and increased contact among nations of the world has stimulated rapid global distribution of foods as well as foodborne pathogens. new food vehicles are being identified for old, familiar pathogens, and new pathogens are being discovered. current research in food microbiology has spurred development of rapid and specific methods to identify these pathogens and to assess their virulence. ... | 1990 | 2180884 |
| shigella sonnei sepsis after splenectomy and portacaval shunt. | 1990 | 2180708 | |
| live shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei i vaccine candidate strains with two attenuating markers. ii. preliminary results of vaccination of adult volunteers and children aged 2-17 years. | shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei i vaccine candidate strains were tested for tolerance in 14 adults as well as for tolerance and immunogenicity in children aged 2-17 years. for fresh culture material, the limit for side effects fading within 36 h such as meteorism, loose stools, tenesmus and slight temperature, and tolerated by volunteers was 3 x 10(9) colony-forming units (c.f.u.). excretion of vaccine strain germs for 2-3 days was observed only at doses of 10(10) c.f.u. and greater (2- ... | 1990 | 2180231 |
| live shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei i vaccine candidate strains with two attenuating markers. i. construction of vaccine candidate strains with retained invasiveness but reduced intracellular multiplication. | live shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei phase i vaccine candidate strains with two virulence-reducing markers were constructed through stepwise incorporation of weakly attenuating purine auxotrophy with subsequent rifampicin-resistance (rna polymerase) mutation to yield optimal attenuation. these vaccine candidate strains showed an unaltered plasmid profile; did not cause keratoconjunctivitis in the sereny test, while being excreted for a short but still marked period and providing partial ... | 1990 | 2180230 |
| empiric antimicrobial therapy of domestically acquired acute diarrhea in urban adults. | from june 1985 to september 1987, 202 adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded study comparing ciprofloxacin (500 mg) with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (160 mg/800 mg) or placebo for adults with acute diarrhea. all patients were treated on the day of presentation and received medication on a twice-daily schedule (every 12 hours) for 5 days. bacterial isolates from these patients included 35 campylobacter, 18 shigella, and 15 salmonella. treatment at the time of presentation with ... | 1990 | 2178582 |
| [neutralization of toxic action of endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria by unithiol and magnesium sulphate]. | the experiments were carried out on mice of cba strain. the animals received lysate of s. typhimurium in the dose of ld50. the injection of lysate was followed by an increase in the level of malonic dialdehyde (mda) suggesting the lipid peroxidation (lpo) activation in the liver. at the same time the concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) in the liver and the lungs was decreasing, which was indicative of the decrease in the activity of prostaglandins. the injections of unithiol p ... | 1990 | 2176553 |
| [shiga and shiga-like toxins]. | 1990 | 2173117 | |
| [changes in antigenic properties of lipopolysaccharides of shigella sonnei phase i having lost the virulence due to transposon integration into the invasiveness plasmid pss120]. | a nonvirulent strain of shigella sonnei phase i has been obtained by integration of the transposon tn5 into the invasiveness plasmid pss120 in the virulent strain and designated nr18. the presence of the plasmid pss120 in both strains results in the similar morphology and bacterial ability to agglutinate in the presence of antiserum to shigella sonnei phase i antigen. the lipopolysaccharide preparations from the virulent and nonvirulent strains give the similar reactions with the antiserum in th ... | 1990 | 2172809 |