Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [intergeneric antigenic relation of hafnia and shigella (s. flexneri and s. boydii) bacteria]. | the o-antigenic relationships between hafnia and shigellae (s. flexneri and s. boydii) have been studied. for the first time the presence of antigenic relationship between hafnia o19, o4, o9, o33, o5, o16, o12, o7, o29, o28, o10, o32, o24, o25, o18, o1, o13, o3, o22, o30, o37, o14, o11, o25, o23, o21, o28, o16, o24, o8, o26, o27 and s. flexneri la, lb, 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 6, 5a, 5b, as well as between hafnia o10, o21, o35, o36, o9, o28, o8, o30 and s. boydii 1, 3, 6, 14, 2, 5, 2, 12 have been reveal ... | 1986 | 2431565 |
| lack of correlation between hla-b27 like antigenic epitopes on shigella flexneri and the occurrence of reactive arthritis. | 1986 | 2430745 | |
| [somatic antigens of shigella and escherichia coli. determination of the structure of o-specific polysaccharide from shigella boydii type 12 and its serological properties compared with the o-specific polysaccharide from escherichia coli]. | the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of the somatic antigen (lipopolysaccharide) of shigella boydii, type 12, was established by 1h- and 13c-nmr, methylation analysis and partial acid hydrolysis methods. the polysaccharide consists of pentasaccharide repeating units of the following structure: (formula; see text) the amount of o-acetyl groups was far less than stoichiometric, only about 2 for 3-4 repeating units. nevertheless, the results of serological studies revealed 3-o-acetyl-alph ... | 1986 | 2430583 |
| [synthesis of a repeating unit and the dimer of the repeating unit of the major chain of shigella flexneri o-antigen polysaccharide]. | methyl glycoside of the tetrasaccharide glcnac(beta 1-2)rha(alpha 1-2)rha(alpha 1-3)rha, which represents a repeating unit of the basic chain of shigella flexneri o-antigenic polysaccharides, was synthesized using acylated monosaccharide synthons. a dimer of the repeating unit, octasaccharide [glcnac(beta 1-2)rha(alpha 1-2) rha(alpha 1-3)rha(alpha 1-3)]2-ome was obtained by trclo4-catalyzed condensation of two tetrasaccharide blocks. | 1986 | 2430581 |
| [genetic analysis of shigella plasmid involved in pathogenicity]. | 1986 | 2430118 | |
| colonization, virulence, and mucosal interaction of an enteropathogenic escherichia coli (strain rdec-1) expressing shigella somatic antigen in the rabbit intestine. | the group factor 3,4 somatic antigen was transferred by recombination from a donor strain of shigella flexneri type 2a to the escherichia coli o15 rabbit pathogen strain rdec-1. a hybrid clone (7482-1-1) that expressed only the s. flexneri 3,4 somatic antigen and a second clone (7482-1-7) from the same mating mixture that expressed only the o15 somatic antigen were compared for virulence in rabbits. the 7482-1-1 strain produced diarrhea in 10% of rabbits versus 84% for the 7482-1-7 strain (p les ... | 1986 | 2430026 |
| hla-b27m1m2 and high immune responsiveness to shigella flexneri in post-dysenteric arthritis. | the heterogeneous hla-b27 antigen is closely associated with post-infectious or reactive arthritis (rea) and is comprised of two serologically defined variants: b27m1+m2+ and b27m1+m2-. an outbreak of dysentery (n = 120) caused by a shigella flexneri 2a strain, which possessed cell envelope antigens with epitopes resembling b27m2, resulted in five b27m1+m2+ patients with rea. the remaining seven b27m1+m2+, one b27m1+m2- and all but three b27-negative patients remained free of joint symptoms; the ... | 1986 | 2428743 |
| [nbt-test stimulation of neutrophilic granulocytes by bacterial preparations in healthy persons]. | 1986 | 2425131 | |
| shigella flexneri o-antigen epitopes: chemical and immunochemical analyses reveal that epitopes of type iii and group 6 antigens are identical. | in the present investigation we studied the nature of a shigella flexneri o antigen, the type iii antigen. no structural entity has yet been attributed to this antigen. phenol-water-extracted lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from all s. flexneri serotypes possessing either group 6 antigen or both type iii antigen and group 6 antigen were subjected to de-o-acetylation by weak alkali treatment. two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of serotype 3a native lps and de-o-acetylated lps were comp ... | 1986 | 2424840 |
| monoclonal antibodies specific for shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharides: clones binding to type i and type iii:6,7,8 antigens, group 6 antigen, and a core epitope. | monoclonal antibodies against the shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide (lps) were generated in two fusions by using the myeloma cell line sp2/0 as a fusion partner with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with s. flexneri serotypes 1b and 3a bacteria. the antibodies were characterized by immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), hemagglutination, and coagglutination. four different types of monoclonal antibodies were isolated: antibodies specific for the core antigen of the ... | 1986 | 2424839 |
| [effect of levamisole immunocorrective therapy on the dynamics of infectious o-antigenemia and the clinical manifestations in dysentery patients]. | the immunocorrecting agent levamisole decreases the duration of infectious o-antigenemia, determined in the o-aggregate hemagglutination test and in the enzyme immunoassay, essentially accelerates the progress of convalescence and considerably decreases the possibility of the prolonged relapsing course of the disease in comparison with common methods of treatment. | 1986 | 2422855 |
| anti-hla-b27 antibodies in sera from patients with gram-negative bacterial infections. | several forms of seronegative polyarthritis are strongly associated with hla-b27, and a number of microorganisms have been implicated in the etiology of these diseases. to explain the association between hla-b27 and arthritis initiated by infection with these organisms, it has been proposed that there is immunologic cross-reactivity between the b27 molecule and 1 or more microbial antigens, and that this cross-reactivity leads to tolerance to such infection and/or to the production of anti-hla-b ... | 1986 | 2421739 |
| [comparative characteristics of antigenic conversion induced by shigella flexneri and escherichia coli 0129 phages]. | the interaction of s. flexneri converting phages pe5, p90 and fv with e. coli antigenic variant o129, e. coli o129 converting phage vb with the above antigenic variant and with s. flexneri y-variant was studied. phage pe5 and phage vb were found to induce the conversion of o-antigen in e. coli antigenic variant 0129 and in s. flexneri y-variant with the detection of antigens v and 7,8. phages p90 and fv induced no conversion of o-antigen. changes in the antigenic properties of convertants were c ... | 1985 | 2416154 |
| [effect of vitamins of the b group on the accumulation of complex antigens of dysentery bacteria in the process of deep cultivation]. | 1985 | 2416151 | |
| [specific antigens of the causative agents and their antibodies in the circulating immune complexes in acute dysentery]. | the level of circulating immune complexes has been determined in 53 patients in the dynamics of the disease. for the first time circulating immune complexes have been found to contain shigella sonnei k-antigen and shigella flexneri o-antigen, as well as iga, igg and igm to shigella. shigella antigens can be detected from the first week of the disease, and their occurrence does not depend on the level of circulating complexes in patients blood serum. | 1985 | 2414952 |
| [experimental study of the sensitivity of the enzyme-labeled antibody reaction and the coagglutination reaction for detection of shigella and salmonella antigens in urine]. | 1985 | 2414531 | |
| [serodiagnosis of dysentery using shigella diagnostic agents (synthetic colored and erythrocytic)]. | 1985 | 2414530 | |
| genetic determinants of virulence in shigella and dysenteric strains of escherichia coli: their involvement in the pathogenesis of dysentery. | 1985 | 2414072 | |
| [immune response and immune tolerance to the o-antigen of shigella flexneri vi]. | the method for the determination of the number of cells synthetizing antibodies to s. flexneri vi o-antigen in the spleen of mice has been developed. primary immune response to this antigen has been studied with the use of the new method. immune response to the optimum immunogenic dose of o-antigen has a manifest variable character. the intensity of primary immune response has been shown to rise with the increase of the dose of o-antigen from 0.004 to 50 micrograms. the preliminary injection of ... | 1985 | 2413664 |
| [use of immunoenzyme analysis for evaluating the specificity of the antibody recognition of the antigenic determinants of streptococcus group a]. | investigations carried out with the use of a celia system have revealed that antibodies in the sera of patients with primary erysipelas and antibodies in rabbit antiserum to the ribosomes of group a streptococcus specifically bind with adsorbed streptococcal ribosomes, recognizing the antigenic determinants of streptococcal ribosomes, which differ from those of individual gram-negative prokaryotes (escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, salmonella minnesota). the modified celia sy ... | 1985 | 2413662 |
| inactivation by polymyxin b of the endotoxin-mediated interferon production in the rabbit. | polymyxin b (pb) completely or at least significantly inhibited the capacity of shigella dysenteriae 1 cells and the lipopolysaccharide (lps) and lipid a (la) subunits of several bacterial endotoxins to induce interferon (ifn) in rabbits. animals injected with lps inactivated by pb to the point of not inducing detectable ifn levels did not develop hyporesponsiveness to secondary ifn induction by a homologous inducer. it was concluded that pb inhibits the ifn-inducing capacity of endotoxin and it ... | 1985 | 2413651 |
| 'o'-antigens are essential virulence factors of shigella sonnei and shigella dysenteriae 1. | a novel transposon mutagenesis system has been developed for shigella. we have used it to isolate specific mutants of shigella sonnei and shigella dysenteriae 1 that fail to produce lipopolysaccharide 'o' side chains. the virulence of the mutants was evaluated in the sereny test and in a hela cell invasion assay. all ho'-minus mutants failed to provoke a positive sereny reaction but retained the ability to invade hela cells. this demonstrates that 'o' side chains are virulence factors of s. sonn ... | 1985 | 2413650 |
| [membrane activity of a cell-free filtrate of shigella flexneri 2a]. | in the course of metabolism in shigella flexneri 2a strain there was noted secretion of a membrane-tropic factor into media. this factor increased the conductivity of bilayer lipid membranes causing formation of ionic channels in them. minimal conductivity of the channels was about 25 ps in 0.5 m nacl; at ph 7-8 the channels exhibited cation-anion selectivity. the calculated number of cation transfer (t+) was elevated with an increase in the channel amplitude, approaching 0.86. since the conduct ... | 1985 | 2413620 |
| [synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of o-specific polysaccharides of shigella flexneri. iii. synthesis of the tetrasaccharide glc alpha 1-3rha alpha 1-2(glc alpha 1-3)rha alpha 1-ome and the pentasaccharide glcnac beta 1-2(glc alpha 1-3)rha alpha 1-2(glc alpha 1-3)rha alpha 1-ome]. | two synthetic schemes to prepare the title branched tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide are described. these oligosaccharides represent fragments of the o-antigenic polysaccharides of shigella flexneri serotype 5b. | 1985 | 2412567 |
| [method for the statistical processing of the results of an immunoenzyme analysis]. | a method for the statistical processing of data having different distribution functions is proposed. this method consists in the use of integral distribution functions. the description of the method based on the use of soviet serial table-top microcomputers, model elektronika mk-56, with specially developed programs (primary statistical data processing and single-factor regression analysis) is presented. the possibilities of this method are illustrated, by way of example, by processing the resul ... | 1985 | 2412370 |
| axonally transported shigella cytotoxin is neuronotoxic. | shigella dysenteriae strains produce an exotoxin (sdt) which inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible cells and is neurotoxic in some species. intraneural microinjection of highly purified sdt into the cervical vagus nerves of rats, mice, guinea pigs and rabbits produced cytopathic changes within 24 hours in vagal sensory but not motor neurons. these changes consisted of an initial loss of nissl substance followed by progressive cell degeneration and resulted in permanent neuronal loss. indirec ... | 1985 | 2411880 |
| experiences with serology of plesiomonas shigelloides. 1. o-antigenic structure. | with a set of 30 o-antisera, o-antigens were identified in 80% of 158 plesiomonas shigelloides strains. only strains of one serovar (018) regularly contained capsular antigen that caused their inagglutinability in the live state. two groups of serovars displayed some o-antigenic relationship: 03 and 029; 08, 011 and 012. each serovar in either group possessed a specific o-antigen and "group-common" minor antigens, which were designated i, ii and iii. serovar 017 possessed o-antigen identical wit ... | 1985 | 2410492 |
| use of non-carbonated soft drinks to provide safe drinking water. | non-carbonated, low-calorie soft drink concentrates (cordials), when diluted according to manufacturers' instructions, had significant antibacterial effects in vitro. bacteria affected include vibrio cholerae, aeromonas hydrophila, shigella sonnei, salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli. with vibrios, bacterial counts were reduced from 10(6)/ml to undetectable numbers in less than 10 min. escherichia coli in an initial concentration of 10(6)/ml became undetectable after incubation for 1 h w ... | 1985 | 2409896 |
| vertical transmission of enteric pathogens at birth. | to determine how frequently mothers infect their infants with enteric pathogens at birth, stools were collected from 75 thai mothers immediately before delivery and from their infants 24-48 h later. enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) were isolated from 25 of the 75 mothers just prior to delivery (32%), enteroviruses from six (8%), enterotoxigenic e. coli from five (7%), and shigella, salmonella and vibrio parahaemolyticus each from one (1%). epec serotype 0128:k67 was isolated from one mot ... | 1985 | 2409892 |
| a heat-modifiable outer membrane protein carries an antigen specific for the species yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. | the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria are considered to be of importance in host-bacteria interaction, in protective immunity, and occasionally in subclassification within a species. in this study, the outer membranes of several strains of yersinia enterocolitica and y. pseudotuberculosis were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). it was found that the appearance of the major proteins depended on the temperature at which they were solubilized i ... | 1985 | 2409152 |
| [theoretical conformation analysis of tetrasaccharide-repeated links of the shigella flexneri o-antigenic polysaccharide]. | theoretical conformational analysis of four tetrasaccharide repeating units of the shigella flexneri serogroup y polysaccharide has been carried out. interdependency of conformational states of neighbouring disaccharide units in the oligosaccharides has been investigated and conformational distribution of tetrasaccharides in solution calculated. taking into account the entropy of oligosaccharide chains is shown to lead to significant correction of the results. | 1985 | 2408628 |
| the colon in shigellosis: serial colonoscopic appearances in shigella dysenteriae i. | twenty-five patients (16 males and 9 females; mean age 24.7 +/- 8.4 years) with acute colitis caused by shigella dysenteriae i were studied, a total of 115 colonoscopic examinations being performed. twenty-two patients had weekly colonoscopic examinations until the last procedure revealed normal colonic mucosa. six abnormal colonoscopic appearances were documented, namely mucosal edema, ulcers, friability, punctate spots, erythematous areas and luminal exudate. mucosal edema was the dominant fin ... | 1990 | 2407526 |
| epidemiology of travelers' diarrhea and relative importance of various pathogens. | each year 12 million persons travel from an industrialized country to a developing country in the tropics or subtropics. these travelers experience a high rate of diarrhea caused by a wide variety of enteric pathogens acquired by ingestion of contaminated food or water. one or more pathogens can be found in the stool of a majority of ill individuals. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli generally are the most frequently identified pathogens, having been found in a median of 42% of travelers' diarrhe ... | 1990 | 2406860 |
| diarrhea in developed and developing countries: magnitude, special settings, and etiologies. | diarrheal diseases are major causes of morbidity, with attack rates ranging from two to 12 or more illnesses per person per year in developed and developing countries. in addition, diarrheal illnesses account for an estimated 12,600 deaths each day in children in asia, africa, and latin america. the causes of diarrhea include a wide array of viruses, bacteria, and parasites, many of which have been recognized only in the last decade or two. while enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and rotaviruses ... | 1990 | 2406855 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of bismuth subsalicylate and other bismuth salts. | this report demonstrates that bismuth subsalicylate (bss) effectively inhibits growth of a number of bacterial strains known to cause diarrhea, including escherichia coli, salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter. other bismuth salts and sodium salicylate, a hydrolysis product of bss in the gut, also were examined and were shown to have various degrees of activity. growth of the organisms was monitored in vitro by inoculating culture fluid that contained one of the compounds to be tested and dete ... | 1990 | 2406851 |
| aetiological studies of diarrhoeal diseases in infants and young children in iran. | the aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases was investigated among 715 patients admitted to four children's hospitals in tehran, during february 1986 to march 1987, and also among 443 patients attending the central out-patient clinic in sanandaj, state of kordestan, during october 1986. enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) were the most common pathogens found in both areas. almost 26.7% of the patients in tehran and 20.1% of the patients in sanandaj were infected with epec. enterotoxigenic e. coli ... | 1990 | 2406458 |
| the use of hygiene, cohorting, and antimicrobial therapy to control an outbreak of shigellosis. | shigellae are easily transmitted in day-care centers to children and adult staff by contamination of diaper-changing surfaces and fomites or directly from person to person. appropriate antimicrobial therapy may shorten the duration of diarrhea caused by shigellae and eliminate the organism from the feces. current recommendations of the american academy of pediatrics and the american public health association are that infected children be isolated until three and two, respectively, consecutive st ... | 1990 | 2405639 |
| acute glomerulonephritis due to shigella flexneri dysentery with demonstration of a virulence protein of shigella in circulating immune complexes. | 1990 | 2405072 | |
| functional analysis of the shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin type ii variant binding subunits by using site-directed mutagenesis. | the b subunit of shiga toxin and the shiga-like toxins (slts) mediates receptor binding, cytotoxic specificity, and extracellular localization of the holotoxin. while the functional receptor for shiga toxin, slt type i (slt-i), and slt-ii is the glycolipid designated gb3, slt-ii variant (slt-iiv) may use a different glycolipid receptor. to identify the domains responsible for receptor binding, localization in escherichia coli, and recognition by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, oligonucleotid ... | 1990 | 2404947 |
| contribution of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities to shigella flexneri pathogenesis. | a shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain deficient in the production of the iron-containing superoxide dismutase fesod (sodb) and a catalase-negative (katfg) s. flexneri serotype 5 strain were isolated. both strains were examined for increased sensitivity to oxygen stress by using assays involving killing by mouse peritoneal macrophages and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes as well as infection of rabbit ileal loops. the sodb mutant was extremely sensitive to killing by phagocytes when compared wi ... | 1990 | 2404874 |
| doxycycline prophylaxis for shigellosis. | the efficacy of oral doxycycline, 100 mg/d for 14 days, in reducing the incidence of shigellosis in newcomers to an area hyperendemic for the disease was examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. of 107 entrants, 100 completed the study; 50 received the drug and 50 received a placebo. diarrheal disease and associated symptoms were monitored for 8 weeks. starting on the 3rd day of the trial, an outbreak was observed, and shigella flexneri type 2a was isolated from 6 subjects. eight of ... | 1990 | 2404480 |
| trimethoprim resistance; epidemiology and molecular aspects. | 1990 | 2404123 | |
| phosphorylation of the virg protein of agrobacterium tumefaciens by the autophosphorylated vira protein: essential role in biological activity of virg. | agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence genes are induced by plant signals through the vira-virg two-component regulatory system. the vira protein is a membrane-spanning sensor molecule that possesses an autophosphorylating activity, and the virg protein is a sequence-specific dna-binding protein. in this report, we demonstrate that the virg protein is phosphorylated by the vira protein and that the phosphate is directly transferred from the phosphorylated vira molecule (phosphohistidine) to the vir ... | 1990 | 2394678 |
| a method for detecting shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin-i in pure and mixed culture. | shiga toxin and shiga-like toxins (slts, syn. verotoxins) are currently detected by tissue culture assays that are expensive, time-consuming and require specialised facilities and experienced personnel. we have developed a rapid method to detect shiga toxin and slt-i (verotoxin 1) based on their binding to globotriosyl ceramide (gb3). bound toxin was then detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with monoclonal antibodies. the direct detection of cytotoxins from pure culture plat ... | 1990 | 2391709 |
| studies on transformation in shigella. | transformation of pbr322 dna into shigella occurred at a low frequency. the efficiency of transformation was highest in s. dysenteriae 1 and lowest in s. flexneri. treatment of cells with cacl2 for a prolonged period (24h) increased the efficiency of transformation in all strains, except in s. flexneri, where transformation efficiency could not be improved by a variety of manipulations. transformation efficiency did not increase in any of the strains when transformation was carried out with plas ... | 1990 | 2390745 |
| microscopic examination of stools and a latex slide agglutination test for the rapid identification of bacterial enteric infections in khmer children. | eighty-five stools collected from 50 children with diarrhea at an evacuation site on the thai-kampuchean border were (1) examined microscopically for fecal leukocytes, (2) tested after 24 hr enrichment in brain/heart infusion broth by a latex slide agglutination test for detection of salmonella and shigella, and (3) examined with microbiological techniques to identify bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens. if the 65 specimens in which one or no pathogens are considered, 6 or more fecal leuko ... | 1990 | 2383976 |
| role of bacterial and host factors in the pathogenesis of shigella septicemia. | to determine the role of bacterial and host factors in the pathogenesis of shigellemia, blood and fecal shigella isolates were compared for serum resistance and siderophore production, and shigellemic patients were examined for decreased serum bactericidal activity or increased serum transferrin saturation compared to control patients with non-bacteremic shigellosis. the majority of both blood (36/38) and fecal (36/48) shigella isolates were sensitive to normal serum (greater than 2 log kill/60 ... | 1990 | 2373088 |
| [comparative study of the antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against enterobacteria producing beta lactamases]. | cefpodoxime proxetil (ru 51 807) is the oral prodrug of cefpodoxime (ru 51 763), a third generation cephalosporin. the antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime was compared with the activities of amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid (aug), cefaclor (ccl), cefuroxime (cxm) and cefotaxime (ctx), against species of enterobacteriaceae showing a resistance pattern against ampicillin (amp), ticarcillin (tic), cefalothin (cft) and cefotaxime (ctx) respectively. for strains amp and tic r, cft an ... | 1990 | 2367149 |
| [aeromonas species as cause of diarrhea and infections outside the gastrointestinal tract in the netherlands]. | in a national survey in the period may 1986-december 1987, aeromonas was isolated from 277 out of 16,857 (1.6%) samples of watery, bloody or mucous stool, from patients with diarrhoea. there was a clear seasonal pattern (less than 1% in winter, up to 3% in summer). a. caviae was isolated most frequently (49%), followed by a. sobria (35%) and a. hydrophila (15%). some non-identifiable strains were isolated as well. aeromonas were isolated in particular from faeces of patients aged over 70 years ( ... | 1990 | 2366898 |
| childhood carriers of salmonella and shigella species in the rural area of ile-ife, nigeria. | four hundred and eight apparently healthy school children from rural primary schools in ile-ife were examined for the prevalence of salmonella and shigella species, which were found respectively in 2% and 3.2% of these children. the prevalence of the organisms decreased as the age of the children increased. salmonella species were found only in specimens from boys while shigella species occurred in both sexes and were more prevalent among females. no specimen contained both organisms. only one o ... | 1990 | 2364932 |
| observation on distribution of shigella species in lagos: a report for the period 1985-1988. | 1990 | 2361548 | |
| salmonella, shigella and sugar. | 1990 | 2354349 | |
| epidemiologic surveillance of enteric diseases in alaska--value of case investigation. | patients infected by salmonella, shigella, giardia, campylobacter, yersinia, and hepatitis a virus were interviewed during a 15-month period to evaluate the benefit of intensive follow-up, to assess the proportion of cases who had contact with children less than four years of age, and to determine risk factors. of 746 reported infections, we interviewed 345 patients (46%) and identified 199 other ill people. follow-up of sporadic, passively reported cases required considerable resources, but no ... | 1990 | 2353745 |
| epidemiology of bacterial pathogens associated with infectious diarrhea in djibouti. | during a survey examining the causes of diarrhea in the east african country of djibouti, 140 bacterial pathogens were recovered from 209 diarrheal and 100 control stools. the following pathogens were isolated at comparable frequencies from both diarrheal and control stools: enteroadherent escherichia coli (eaec) (10.6 versus 13%), enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) (11 versus 10%), enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) (7.7 versus 12%), salmonella spp. (2.9 versus 3%), and campylobacter jejuni-c. coli (3 ... | 1990 | 2351738 |
| laboratory observations on plesiomonas shigelloides strains isolated from children with diarrhea in peru. | eleven strains of plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from 10 peruvian children with diarrhea were examined. all the strains were resistant to two or more antibiotics, most commonly ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin. the strains were all negative in the sereny and cell culture assays used to test for enteroinvasiveness. one strain showed cytotoxic activity on vero cells. the strains showed no antigenic relationship with shigella organisms. both bioassays and enzyme- ... | 1990 | 2351731 |
| [cryptosporidiosis in children]. | during january through june 1988, oocysts of cryptosporidium were identified in fecal samples of 83 (7.7%) of 1073 children who presented with acute gastroenteritis. other intestinal pathogens were less common: salmonella 4.2%, e. coli 1.9%, shigella 2.6% and campylobacter jejuni 5.0%. cryptosporidiosis (c) was more common under the age of 5 years than over (8.4% vs 1.8%, respectively, p less than 0.01). in 6 (7.2%) children with c, another stool pathogen was found. frequent signs of c were diar ... | 1990 | 2347532 |
| therapeutic value of gramurin (oxolinic acid) in shigella infections and shigella-negative dysentery syndrome. | a total of 10 shigella-positive and 10 shigella-negative dysentery syndrome patients were treated with daily 2-g gramurin doses for 3 days. favourable clinical results could be obtained in response to the therapy. the complaints of the patients ceased within 48 hours. bacterial negativity was recorded on days 3, 4, and 5 after cessation of therapy in shigella flexneri-positive cases (5 cases), while in case of shigella sonnei positivity bacterium negativity could be obtained within the abovement ... | 1990 | 2345905 |
| occurrence of aeromonas species and plesiomonas shigelloides in patients with and without diarrhoea in lagos, nigeria. | the prevalence of aeromonas spp. and plesiomonas shigelloides was determined in patients attending the enteric laboratory of the department of medical microbiology and parasitology, lagos university teaching hospital, nigeria. during the 12-month study (october 1986-september 1987), aeromonas spp. were isolated from 53 (2.26%) of 2350 patients with diarrhoea and only 2 (0.4%) of 500 patients without diarrhoea (p less than 0.01). similarly, p. shigelloides was isolated from 16 (0.68%) patients wi ... | 1990 | 2342086 |
| in vitro activities of tosufloxacin, temafloxacin, and a-56620 against pathogens of diarrhea. | tosufloxacin (a-60969 hcl), a new quinolone with broad activity against gram-positive and anaerobic organisms, was compared in vitro with other quinolones against bacterial pathogens of diarrhea. tosufloxacin was the most active agent against salmonella spp., shigella spp., campylobacter spp., aeromonas hydrophila, and vibrio spp. temafloxacin (a-62254) also demonstrated good activity against these organisms. | 1990 | 2327784 |
| factors influencing the duration of acute diarrheal disease in infancy. | the majority of episodes of acute infectious diarrhea in infancy are of relatively short duration. prolongation of the diarrhea presents problems in management, deterioration of the infant's nutritional status, and an increased mortality. as part of a prospective study of the etiology of acute infectious diarrhea, some factors associated with the probability (more or less) of having self-limiting disease have been identified. the well-nourished infant over 6 months of age is more likely to have ... | 1990 | 2324877 |
| the association of shiga toxin and other cytotoxins with the neurologic manifestations of shigellosis. | the neurologic symptoms in human shigellosis have often been attributed to shiga toxin, although its exact role has not been determined. by use of a [3h] thymidine-labeled hela cell assay, cytotoxic activity was demonstrated in stool but not cerebrospinal fluid or serum from five patients with shigellosis presenting with seizures or encephalopathy. bacterial isolates produced 16.0-88.2 cd50 (50% cytotoxic dose) of cytotoxin/mg of protein. the toxin activity in stool and the cytotoxic activity of ... | 1990 | 2324546 |
| death in shigellosis: incidence and risk factors in hospitalized patients. | the total number of admissions and deaths of patients with shigellosis were ascertained at the dhaka treatment centre of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, 1974-1988, and the characteristics of 67 patients who died were compared with those of 134 discharged alive. of 9780 shigella-infected inpatients, 889 (9.1%) died; 32.3% of deaths occurred in children less than 1 year of age. fatality rates were highest (10.3%) in shigella sonnei-infected patients and lowest ... | 1990 | 2313128 |
| virg, an agrobacterium tumefaciens transcriptional activator, initiates translation at a uug codon and is a sequence-specific dna-binding protein. | the agrobacterium tumefaciens ti plasmid virg locus, in conjunction with vira and acetosyringone, activates transcription of the virulence (vir) genes. insertional and deoxyoligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis studies showed that both octopine and nopaline ti plasmid virg genes initiate translation at a uug codon. virg protein initiated at this uug codon was found to be 241 amino acid residues in length and had an apparent molecular mass of 27.1 kilodaltons. a salmonella typhimurium trp-virg tra ... | 1990 | 2307647 |
| detection of coliform bacteria in water by polymerase chain reaction and gene probes. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and gene probe detection of regions of two genes, lacz and lamb, were tested for their abilities to detect coliform bacteria. amplification of a segment of the coding region of escherichia coli lacz by using a pcr primer annealing temperature of 50 degrees c detected e. coli and other coliform bacteria (including shigella spp.) but not salmonella spp. and noncoliform bacteria. amplification of a region of e. coli lamb by using a primer annealing temp ... | 1990 | 2306085 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of bismuth subsalicylate. | this study was undertaken to determine the in vitro activity of bismuth subsalicylate (bss) and sodium salicylate (ss) against various groups of pathogenic bacteria. bss had the greatest activity against clostridium difficile, which had a minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of the strains (mic90) of 128 micrograms/ml. the bacteroides fragilis group also had a relatively low mic90 of 512 micrograms/ml. bss had the least activity against pseudomonas (mic90, 6,144 micrograms/ml). ss was as act ... | 1990 | 2305178 |
| in vitro activity of norfloxacin and other antibacterial agents against gastro-intestinal pathogens isolated in sweden. | the in vitro activity of norfloxacin was compared to that of ampicillin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim in combination with sulfamethoxazole (1/20), and erythromycin, against 272 clinical isolates of gastro-intestinal pathogens. norfloxacin was the most active compound of those tested with mics in the range 0.004-2 mg/l. concentrations inhibiting 90% of the strains (mic 90) were 0.008 mg/l for vibrio cholerae, 0.016 mg/l for aeromonas hydrophila, 0.032 mg/l for vibrio cholerae non 01 ... | 1990 | 2302351 |
| inappropriate testing for diarrheal diseases in the hospital. | to assess the degree to which routine stool cultures, ova and parasite examinations, and clostridium difficile toxin assays may be inappropriately ordered on hospitalized patients, we conducted a retrospective study to determine the relative yield of these tests on specimens collected from outpatients and inpatients as a function of time after admission. during a 3-year period, only 1 of 191 positive stool cultures and none of the 90 ova and parasite examinations with positive results were from ... | 1990 | 2299766 |
| evolution of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and application to the fine-tuned phylogenetic positioning of enteric bacteria. | a comprehensive phylogenetic tree for virtually the entire assemblage of enteric bacteria is presented. character states of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis are used as criteria, and the results are compared with partial trees based upon sequencing of 16s rrna, 5s rrna, and tryptophan leader peptide. three major clusters are apparent. enterocluster 1 possesses a gene fusion (trpg-trpd) encoding anthranilate synthase: anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase of tryptop ... | 1990 | 2298692 |
| production of specific monoclonal antibodies to salmonella typhi flagellin and possible application to immunodiagnosis of typhoid fever. | four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to salmonella typhi flagellin were produced. these mabs did not react with eight other enterobacterial strains tested: salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella paratyphi a, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, yersinia enterocolitica, and campylobacter jejuni. all four mabs cross-reacted with salmonella muenchen flagellin indicating specificity for d antigenic flagellar epitope. one mab (c4) was selected to develop a dou ... | 1990 | 2295860 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin ii using p1 glycoprotein from hydatid cysts. | shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains and shiga-like toxins (slt) i and ii from escherichia coli bind to terminal alpha-d-galp-(1----4)-d-galp containing glycolipids. hydatid cyst fluid isolated from sheep infected with echinococcus granulosus contains a glycoprotein (p1gp) with a terminal alpha-d-galp-(1----4)-d-galp disaccharide. preparations of p1gp were shown to interact directly with shiga toxin and to inhibit the binding and cytotoxicity of shiga toxin to hela cells. a sandw ... | 1990 | 2295845 |
| treatment of typhoid fever and infectious diarrhoea with ciprofloxacin. | ciprofloxacin and other related fluorinated 4-quinolones have microbiological and pharmacokinetic properties that suggest they could be useful agents in the management of typhoid fever and bacterial gastroenteritis. initial studies confirm that this is the case. against fully sensitive salmonella typhi ciprofloxacin is clinically as effective as chloramphenicol or co-trimoxazole. it is also effective treatment for antibiotic-resistant strains which cause epidemic and endemic infection throughout ... | 1990 | 2292545 |
| human salmonella and shigella infections in moroni, the capital of great comoro island (1987-1988). | over a period of two years 98 cultures of salmonella and 17 cultures of shigella were isolated at the el maarouf hospital, moroni, capital of the comoros. almost half of the isolates were from children under 5 years. salmonella belonged to a limited range of serotypes, s. typhi dominating in adults and s. enteritidis in children, often with bacteraemia. antibiotic resistance was virtually absent in salmonella and without clinical significance in shigella. the high isolation rate of s. enteritidi ... | 1990 | 2291695 |
| association of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | a 35 year-old hiv-positive male intravenous drug abuser developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) during the course of recto-sigmoiditis secondary to shigella flexneri. complete remission was achieved by aggressive treatment of a combination of plasma exchange, fresh frozen plasma infusion, continuous prostacyclin perfusion, p.o. administered aspirin-dipyridamol and intravenous injections of vincristine. during acute microangiopathy, an acquired type ii von willebrand disease was diagn ... | 1990 | 2290713 |
| [the differential diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis]. | differential diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis (106 patients), acute flexner's dysentery (105 patients) and nonspecific ulcerative colitis (31 patients) based on the clinical data and rectoromanoscopic findings is described. rapidly and gradually progressing in the first 7 days intestinal amebiasis is characterized by a gradual onset, normal t0 with mounting general weakness, celiectasia, diarrhea with hyaloid mucus, focal catarrh-hemorrhagic changes and appearance of individual oval transversal ... | 1990 | 2290391 |
| new vaccines against bacterial enteric infections. | during the last 10 years, rapid progress in basic research and biotechnology related to enteric infection has now begun to have a substantial impact on vaccine development against these infections. two new typhoid vaccines, one for oral administration and the other for injection, which have much fewer and milder side effects than previous whole-cell parenteral vaccines, have become available. an oral cholera vaccine has been developed which, without any adverse reactions at all, confers long-las ... | 1990 | 2287897 |
| [convulsions in childhood shigella gastroenteritis. an evaluation of risk factors]. | fifty-five patients with the diagnosis of shigella gastroenteritis were studied, 29 (52.7%) of whom had convulsions. various symptoms and signs were compared between patients with and without convulsions to define risk factors for the development of seizures. to have a younger age and high body temperature were important predisposing factors. hyponatremia and type of shigella organism were not contributing factors in the development of seizures. | 1990 | 2287293 |
| [the epidemiological characteristics of shigellosis]. | 1990 | 2286252 | |
| [the characteristics of the proliferative processes in the epithelium of the sigmoid intestine in acute bacillary dysentery]. | proliferative processes were studied using radioautography with 3h-thymidine at the height of the disease and in the early convalescence of the bacterial dysentery. the mucous membrane of the sigmoid colon of healthy persons undergoing rectoromanoscopy due to the epidemic reasons served as control. no pathologic changes were found in these healthy persons; the labeled nuclei index (lni) was 5.75 +/- 0.4%, the label intensity (li) characterizing the rate of dna synthesis was 14.9 +/- 0.8. during ... | 1990 | 2285363 |
| identification of a new enteroinvasive escherichia coli strain. | we isolated an enteroinvasive escherichia coli strain which did not react with antisera raised against all known e. coli serogroups, shigella groups a, b, c and d or provisional shigella serotypes. we propose the provisional designation of escherichia coli mg for this strain, until the identification of its o antigen is established. | 1990 | 2284505 |
| [current views on the pathomorphology and pathogenesis of dysentery]. | according to the literature and the authors' data in patients who died of dysentery shigellae are found seldom because of postmortem shedding of superficial colonic epithelium infected by them. shigella adhesion and invasion into the colonocytes are regularly found in the colon biopsies. as shown recently in experiments, shigella outer membrane proteins forming "contact haemolysin" ("virulence plasmid" product) are responsible for their invasion. in the small intestine this cytotoxin is destroye ... | 1990 | 2281980 |
| multiplex pcr amplification and immobilized capture probes for detection of bacterial pathogens and indicators in water. | detection of pathogens (legionella species) and indicator bacteria (coliform bacteria) was achieved by multiplex (simultaneous) pcr amplification of diagnostic gene sequences and by hybridization to immobilized poly-dt-tailed capture probes using a dot- or slot-blot approach. complex manipulations of primer concentrations and staggered additions of primers were required in order to achieve equal amplification of multiple genes. multiplex pcr amplification of two different legionella genes, one s ... | 1990 | 2280781 |
| in vitro activity of hre 664, a penem antibiotic. | hre 664, a new penem antibiotic, inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, salmonella, shigella, providencia, aeromonas, and morganella at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml but was considerably less active than cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and imipenem. it did not inhibit pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic greater than 128 micrograms/ml). hre 664 inhibited enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens at 1-8 micrograms/m ... | 1990 | 2279381 |
| [dynamic of use of chemotherapeutic preparations: quantity, nomenclature, main trends and the problems in medical practice]. | data on the amounts, nomenclature and trends in the dynamics of the use of chemotherapeutic drugs in medicine and agriculture in the rsfsr in 1971-1983 were examined. it was shown that the amounts of their use for these purposes permanently increased. the levels of the use of antibacterial drugs in agriculture markedly exceeded (1.5 to 9 times in different years) those in medicine. on the whole tetracyclines, penicillins and nitrofurans were the drugs most widely used in both medicine and agricu ... | 1990 | 2278494 |
| [treatment of salmonellosis and shigellosis with the new quinolones]. | sixty patients with enterocolitis (36 men, 24 females), mean age thirty seven (12 to 84) have been treated with new quinolones. two groups have been constituted. first group included patients without bacteremia despite enterocolitis. among them, 9 patients suffered from shigellosis (8 s. flexneri, 1 s. sonnei). twenty-two patients had a minor salmonellosis (13 s. typhimurium, 4 s. enteritidis, 1 s. blockley, 1 s. virchow, 1 s. london, 1 s. baildon, 1 s. c2 group). patients in the second group un ... | 1990 | 2277722 |
| protective milk o antibodies induced in guinea pigs by parenteral shigella ribosomal vaccine. | igg and iga o antibodies were studied in milk and sera of guinea pigs subcutaneously immunized at various stages of pregnancy with shigella ribosomal vaccines (srv) from shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri. both vaccines induced o antibodies in milk, the level of iga antibodies being significantly higher than that of igg antibodies. the immune milk provided a clear-cut protection against experimental shigella-induced keratoconjunctivitis. these results are consistent with the previously shown ... | 1990 | 2276843 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of shigella isolated from patients from 1974-1985]. | antibiotic sensitivity of 3524 shigella cultures isolated from patients in 1974-1982 and 414 cultures isolated in 1983-1985 was assayed with standard paper disks. the isolates of 1974-1982 were mostly responsive to ampicillin, carbenicillin, kanamycin, gentamicin, monomycin, neomycin and chloramphenicol. certain differences in the level of the antibiotic resistance were observed in the shigella isolates belonging to diverse species. polyresistant cultures of shigella amounted to 96.5% and ranged ... | 1990 | 2275584 |
| dna sequence analysis of the reca genes from proteus vulgaris, erwinia carotovora, shigella flexneri and escherichia coli b/r. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the reca genes from escherichia coli b/r, shigella flexneri, erwinia carotovora and proteus vulgaris were determined. the dna sequence of the coding region of the e. coli b/r gene contained a single nucleotide change compared with the e. coli k12 gene sequence whereas the s. flexneri gene differed at 7 residues. in both cases, the predicted proteins were identical in primary structure to the e. coli k12 reca protein. the dna sequences of the reca genes from e ... | 1990 | 2274037 |
| usda expands early warning system for harmful food bacteria. | 1990 | 2272871 | |
| community outbreaks of shigellosis--united states. | 1990 | 2272104 | |
| shigellosis in new brunswick. | 1990 | 2272103 | |
| toxic dilatation of the colon in shigellosis. | 1990 | 2271862 | |
| survey of enteropathogenic agents in children with and without diarrhoea in ghana. | a survey was carried out over 1 year in a rural area of ghana on the isolation, detection and/or identification of enteric pathogens from children under 5 years of age with and without diarrhoea. the isolation and detection rate of shigella flexneri, shigella dysenteriae, giardia lamblia and rotavirus were higher in children with diarrhoea than in controls. yersinia enterocolitica, vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus were not isolated during the period of this survey. the incidence of ot ... | 1990 | 2270006 |
| construction of an auxotrophic shigella flexneri strain for use as a live vaccine. | a virulent shigella flexneri serotype y strain, sfl1, was made auxotrophic for aromatic metabolites, including p-aminobenzoic acid, which is not available in mammalian tissues, by transduction of a tn10-inactivated arod gene from escherichia coli k-12 nk5131. one transductant, sfl114, selected for further studies, had the same biochemical and serological characteristics as the parent strain and the o-antigen patterns of the two strains were identical in sds-page and western blot experiments. sfl ... | 1990 | 2266855 |
| [bacteriology and epidemiology of shigellas isolated at the army hospital in djibouti]. | in a space of 26 months 108 shigellas were isolated from 104 patients with sporadic and benign diseases. 90% of the subjects were young french. both s. dysenteriae and s. boydii make up 21% of the strains studied. 13% of the germs are multiresistance. multiresistance can enhance development of serious sickness if a virulent strain comes in. | 1990 | 2263188 |
| examination of faeces for bacterial pathogens. | 1990 | 2262578 | |
| pivampicillin/pivmecillinam in the treatment of shigella carriers. | 24 patients (4-65 years old; median age 29 years) excreting shigella bacteria greater than 8 weeks were treated with the combination pivampicillin (0.25 g)/pivmecillinam (0.20 g), 2 tablets 3 times a day for 14 days. 23/24 patients (96%) were culture negative after treatment. the one patient that did not respond to treatment carried a strain with intermediate sensitivity to mecillinam and resistance to ampicillin. it is concluded that pivampicillin/pivmecillinam is effective for patients excreti ... | 1990 | 2259872 |
| [evaluation of recovery methods of shigella species from fresh marine fish and shellfishes]. | recovery experiments of shigella strains from fresh marine fish and shellfishes, including fresh sea urchin, which have been artificially contaminated with the strains, were performed using the improved shigella broth-enrichment method and the culture method reported by mehlman et al. all of the 43 shigella stock cultures strains tested were recovered easily by the enrichment method from sea urchin individuals inoculated with a small number of viable cells of each strain. that is, a total of 24 ... | 1990 | 2258650 |
| associated factors of protracted diarrhea. | the associated factors in 80 children (less than 2 yrs) with protracted diarrhea (greater than 21 days duration) and weight loss were: secondary carbohydrate intolerance (36): enteric pathogens (non typhoidal salmonella (11), enteropathogenic e. coli 'epec' (6), giardia (4), and shigella (3); cow's milk protein intolerance (3), gluten intolerance (3); miscellaneous (5); and undiagnosed enteropathy (9). three of the epec showed localised pattern of adherence in vitro with hep-2 cells. most patien ... | 1990 | 2253991 |
| acute encephalopathy from shigellosis with localized brain edema. | 1990 | 2253435 | |
| [the molecular heterogeneity of shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic data]. | the molecular heterogeneity of s. sonnei lipopolysaccharide (lps), reflecting the size of lateral o-specific polysaccharide chains, has been established by the method of electrophoresis in acrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea. the dominating components fall into three types, viz. those with 0-3, 10-16 and 35-40 repeating structures, the remaining components being minor ones. the electrophoretic profile of s. sonnei lps considerably differs from the profiles of escher ... | 1990 | 2251881 |