Publications

[shigella diagnosis--a transport problem].		1987	2957636
[genetic characteristics and protective properties of neamin-resistant mutant salmonella typhimurium and s. dublin of the nea(r) str(s) and nea(r) str(r) 500 classes].	the genetic analysis of attenuated mutants, class nea(r) str(s), with the use of bacteriophage p 22 has shown that mutation rendering the mutants resistant to neamine is localized in gene nea a. in experiments with the intraperitoneal infection of mice, the appearance of this mutation in s. typhimurium and s. dublin virulent strains has been found to lead to the decrease of virulence in 100% of clones. on the basis of the data obtained in this investigation, region str-spc in s. typhimurium and ...	1987	2955615
comparative in vitro activity of a-56268 (te-031) against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and chlamydia trachomatis.	the in vitro activity of a-56268 (te-031) was determined and compared with that of 13 antibiotics against 401 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and 11 strains of chlamydia trachomatis. a-56268 was very active against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and neisseria gonorrhoeae, and was among the most active of the agents tested against listeria monocytogenes, streptococci and chlamydia trachomatis. it was moderately active against haemophilus spp., vibrio spp., campylobacter je ...	1987	2954818
[a case of severe colitis with positive hemocultures for shigella flexneri].		1987	2954108
[resistance to antibiotics and sulfanilamides of enterobacteria isolated in ulyanovsk province].	the data on resistance to 10 antibiotics and sulfanilamides of 178 coprocultures of enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in the ulyanovsk region are presented. it is indicated that 93.8 per cent of the isolates were resistant to the antibiotics. the majority of the cultures were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and streptomycin and sensitive to gentamicin, polymyxin, trimetoprim, rifampicin and nalidixic acid. 43 combinations of the antibiotic resistance types were revealed. 92.7 per c ...	1986	2949694
[seasonality of sonne dysentery among organized and unorganized groups of children in years with different morbidity levels].	differences in the monthly distribution of morbidity in sonne dysentery among children of preschool age in children's institutions and among those not attending such institutions have been revealed. in years characterized by a high morbidity level, the epidemic process develops simultaneously among all children with some prevalence in its activity being observed from january to august among children not attending children's institutions and from september to december among institutionalized chil ...	1986	2948356
[relationship of the pkmr plasmids detected in shigella circulating in the krasnodar territory to incompatibility groups].	shigella strains showed that in 43.9 per cent of the strains this feature was controlled by conjugative r plasmids. on the whole these were the plasmids allotting the bacterial cell with resistance simultaneously to smtccm (37.1 per cent) and smtc (17.1 per cent). the plasmids with other phenotypes were less frequent: smapcm, 11.4 per cent, tcapcm, 8.6 per cent; smtcapcm, 8.6 per cent; tc, 8.6 per cent; sm, 2.9 per cent; cm, 2.9 per cent and tccm, 2.9 per cent. the incompatibility groups of 19 p ...	1986	2945511
ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial diarrhea: a double blind study.	in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial 50 adult patients with acute diarrhea received either 500 mg ciprofloxacin b.i.d. or a placebo for five days. results were evaluated in 21 patients in the ciprofloxacin group (10 with salmonella spp., 11 with campylobacter jejuni) and 25 patients in the placebo group (16 with salmonella spp., 5 with campylobacter jejuni, 4 with shigella spp.). the duration of fever in patients treated with ciprofloxacin was 1.5 days versus 2.3 days in the p ...	1986	2941290
the comparative in vitro activity of twelve 4-quinolone antimicrobials against enteric pathogens.	the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of twelve 4-quinolone antimicrobials were determined for salmonella typhi (25), salmonella spp. (50), shigella spp. (50), campylobacter jejuni (100), vibrio cholerae (10), vibrio parahaemolyticus (10), yersinia enterocolitica (25), aeromonas hydrophila (25) and plesiomonas shigelloides (10). mics were determined using an agar dilution technique in mueller-hinton agar (oxoid, england) supplemented with 10% lysed horse blood. antibiotic containing plate ...	1985	2941257
[risk factors in the epidemiology of dysentery].	the general tendency of a decrease in the morbidity rates of dysentery induced by shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri (separately) from monday to the end of the week (saturday-sunday) has been revealed, and at the same time the "infection risk" for both kinds of salmonellosis has been found to fall on the last days of the week (friday-sunday).	1986	2940778
in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin compared with other agents against recent hospital isolates.	ciprofloxacin's in vitro activity was tested against 385 hospital isolates originating from three geographically distinct regions. of all strains tested, only three (1 acinetobacter sp. and 2 pseudomonas aeruginosa) were ciprofloxacin resistant. ciprofloxacin was more active against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, acinetobacter sp., proteus sp., shigella sp. than gentamicin, mezlocillin and cefotaxime. it was more active than azlocillin and cefsulodin against p. a ...	1986	2939966
bordetella parapertussis invasion of hela 229 cells and human respiratory epithelial cells in primary culture.	bordetella parapertussis, a respiratory tract pathogen commonly regarded as noninvasive, was found to invade hela 229 cell monolayers. following treatment of the monolayers with gentamicin, numbers of viable b. parapertussis recovered were comparable to those of invasive salmonella and shigella isolates. invasion occurs through a cytochalasin-sensitive process which appears to be distinct from receptor-mediated endocytosis. hyperimmune antisera raised against filaments hemagglutinin, a major adh ...	1989	2925250
antimicrobial properties of methdilazine and its synergism with antibiotics and some chemotherapeutic agents.	the antihistamine methdilazine (md) was found to possess a significantly high antibacterial action when tested against 367 strains of bacteria belonging to both gram-positive and gram-negative genera. different groups of bacteria could be arranged in order of their decreasing sensitivity towards md as follows: s. aureus, v. cholerae, e. coli and shigella. the range of minimum inhibitory concentration (micrograms/ml) varied between 25 and 200 in most cases, although few strains were sensitive eve ...	1988	2905130
clinical, microbiological and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of diarrhoea in korem, ethiopia.	two hundred patients with diarrhoea in a rehabilitation camp in ethiopia were studied in october 1985 to determine the presence of pathogens in the stool and their susceptibility to antibiotics. a total of 42 (21.1%) patients had a positive culture with enterobacteriaceae, the isolation rate was 15.6% for escherichia coli, 3.5% for shigella spp. and 2.01% for salmonella spp. in-vitro antibiotic resistance was frequent among the 42 isolates: 53% of e. coli strains were found to be resistant to am ...	1988	2905012
nalidixic-acid resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in eastern india.		1988	2902361
dysentery due to multiresistant shiga bacillus in rural iran.		1988	2902359
diagnosis and management of dysentery by community health workers.	to develop guidelines for community health workers in the treatment of patients with diarrhoea, diarrhoea prevalence was actively surveyed for a year in a remote rural community of 915,000 persons, and the enteric pathogens and clinical features associated with diarrhoeal illness were determined in a sample of 300 patients. bloody diarrhoea accounted for 39% of all diarrhoea episodes and 62% of diarrhoea-associated deaths. 51 (50%) of 101 patients with a history of bloody diarrhoea had shigella ...	1988	2900931
in vitro susceptibility of diarrhoea producing gram negative enteric bacteria to sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, sulfapyridine and four quinolones. brief report.	the in vitro susceptibility of diarrhoea producing gram negative enteric bacteria to sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, sulfapyridine and four quinolones was investigated using an agar dilution method. all strains were resistant to 1600 micrograms/ml of sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid. mic range of sulfapyridine for y. enterocolitica was 3.1-25 micrograms/ml (median:6.2) and for salmonella 25-100 micrograms/ml (median: 100) campylobacter jejuni/coli were less susceptible to sulfapyrid ...	1988	2899438
shigella diarrhoea and treatment.		1988	2898650
comparison of teknaf enteric agar and macconkey/salmonella-shigella agar in evaluation of shigella infection.		1988	2896983
clinical impact of drug resistance.		1988	2896697
travelers' diarrhea in west africa and mexico: fecal transport systems and liquid bismuth subsalicylate for self-therapy.	the goals of this study were threefold: to compare the etiology of travelers' diarrhea in west africa and mexico, to evaluate two fecal transport systems for the recovery of enteropathogens, and to verify the efficacy of liquid bismuth subsalicylate (bss) in different locations and under different entrance criteria for disease severity. the study populations consisted of 133 european tourists in west africa and 112 american students in mexico who had suffered from travelers' diarrhea. in 60% and ...	1988	2896219
bacterial diarrhoea and treatment.		1988	2893218
outbreak of shigella sonnei dysentery on a long stay psychogeriatric ward.	a ward outbreak of diarrhoea associated with shigella sonnei on a long stay psychogeriatric ward is described. nine patients and three staff had positive stool cultures for s. sonnei. the source of infection of the index case was not discovered. environmental factors at ward level which predispose long stay hospitals to such outbreaks are discussed.	1987	2888815
plasmid-mediated resistance to nalidixic acid in shigella dysenteriae type 1.	in an epidemic of shigellosis in southern bangladesh the causal organism, shigella dysenteriae type 1, was resistant to nalidixic acid as well as to co-trimoxazole (trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole) and ampicillin. the genes coding for resistance to nalidixic acid, but not those coding for resistance to co-trimoxazole or ampicillin, are located on a conjugative 20 megadalton plasmid. this epidemic is of particular importance because of the resistance to nalidixic acid, an antibiotic to which shigel ...	1987	2887725
the papg protein is the alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-beta-d-galactopyranose-binding adhesin of uropathogenic escherichia coli.	uropathogenic escherichia coli adhere to uroepithelial cells by their digalactoside alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-beta-d-galactopyranose [alpha-d-galp-(1----4)-beta-d-galp or gal alpha (1----4)gal]-binding pili, which are composed of repeating identical subunits. the major subunit (papa) of these pili is not required for binding, but the papf and papg gene products are essential for adhesion. transcomplementation analysis between the pap gene cluster and a related gene cluster encoding a dif ...	1987	2886993
differences in adhesiveness among type 1 fimbriate strains of enterobacteriaceae revealed by an in vitro hep2 cell adhesion model.	ten type 1 fimbriate strains of enterobacteriaceae were examined in an in vitro adhesion assay with hep2 epithelial cells. the range of hep2 cell adhesiveness, which was characteristic for each strain, was affected by motility, type 1 fimbriation and production of mannose sensitive haemagglutinin. nevertheless, not all type 1 fimbriate strains adhered well in this model. the findings are discussed with regard to the possibility that different type 1 fimbriate enterobacteria, though all are manno ...	1986	2881915
media for isolating shigella.		1987	2881104
longitudinal study of diarrhoeal disease in a peri-urban community in manaus (amazon-brazil).	a 20-month longitudinal study of diarrhoeal disease was carried out in a poor peri-urban community of manaus (amazon-brazil), and the attack rate of this disease ranged from 0.2 to 4.8 episodes of diarrhoea per person per year. the age group most affected was 0 to 35 months old. a probable aetiological agent was identified in 68 of the 110 faecal samples collected. the most frequent enteropathogens isolated were enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and giardia lamblia. enterotoxigenic escherichia co ...	1986	2878647
the detection of enteropathogens in acute diarrhea in a family cohort population in rural egypt.	in 8 villages of rural northeastern egypt, a 2-year study of the etiologic agents associated with episodes of diarrhea was carried out. stool specimens (3,243) from 3,513 episodes of diarrhea were processed for enteropathogens. the most commonly identified agents in the group with diarrhea were giardia lamblia (44%), heat stable enterotoxin (st)-producing enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) (15%), heat labile toxin (lt)-producing etec (12%), enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) (4%), rotavirus (3 ...	1986	2876656
[enteropathogens in travellers returning from the tropics].	diarrhea is not only the most common health hazard during travel in the tropics but also the most frequent condition which prompts returning travellers to see a physician. the prevalence of bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens in people attending our outpatient department after returning from the tropics has been studied and the laboratory results of stool examinations have been compared with clinical symptoms. of the 173 persons enrolled, 19 (11%) harboured bacterial pathogens and pathogenic ...	1986	2875520
potent antagonism of escherichia coli, bacteroides ovatus, fusobacterium varium, and enterococcus faecalis, alone or in combination, for enteropathogens in anaerobic continuous flow cultures.	interactions between representative strains of four predominant resident bacteria of the human colon, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, bacteroides ovatus, and fusobacterium varium, and strains of seven enteropathogens, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae serogroup non o1, staphylococcus aureus, and clostridium perfringens, were examined in studies with an anaerobic continuous flow culture system and medium resembling th ...	1986	2875188
[effect of histamine and h1-receptor blockaders on bacterial endotoxin-induced thrombocyte aggregation].	histamine and dimedrol exerted in vitro inhibitory effects on endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation. when administered at high concentrations pyrilamine potentiated aggregating influence of endotoxin. the experimental results indicate difference in effects of dimedrol and pyrilamine falling into the same group of h1-blockers in relation to induced platelet aggregation.	1986	2872081
improved medium for isolating shigella.		1986	2868279
a non-radioactive dna probe to identify shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli in stools of children with diarrhoea.	a non-radioactive biotinylated dna probe was constructed to detect shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec). specimens were examined with the biotinylated probe after removing streptavidin-binding glycoproteins with proteinase k. both biotinylated and radioactive probes detected 125 pg of target-cell dna after hybridisation for 24 h and exposure to indicator dyes or x-ray film for 4 h. both probes hybridised with 52 eiec and none of 16 non-eiec examined; they also hybridised with stoo ...	1985	2865570
multiresistant shigella dysenteriae type 1.		1985	2865444
two distinct toxins active on vero cells from escherichia coli o157.		1985	2864594
iga response during accidental infection with shigella flexneri.		1985	2863666
multiresistant shigella infections in bangladesh.		1985	2863461
[etiology of acute infantile gastroenteritis in gabon].	rotaviruses are the main etiology of acute diarrhoeas in gabonese children (11 to 30% according to age). salmonellae (11.4%), shigellae (7.1%) and e. histolytica (7.1%), isolated or associated with enterobacteria, e. coli (3%), giardia and strongyloides stercoralis (1.4%), yersinia enterocolitica (1%) and balantidium coli (0.5%) were also found, without cholera.	1985	2863005
[pathogenesis, clinical aspects and diagnosis of the most important enteric bacterial diseases in animals].	there are adhesive and invasive species among enteropathogenic bacteria for animals. most frequently isolated adhesive bacteria are enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec). salmonella, t. hyodysenteriae, m. paratuberculosis, y. enterocolitica, cl. perfringens and c. jejuni bacteria represent the most important invasive germs. the main clinical finding connected with bacterial enteritis is diarrhoea resp. dysentery. evaluation of feces consistency, time of appearance and accompanying symptoms (e.g. fever, ...	1985	2862716
evidence against putrescine and polyamines as endogenous mediators of fever.	endogenous concentrations of putrescine, spermidine, spermine and related biosynthetic enzymes were not affected by the administration of bacterial endotoxin and the subsequent development of fever in rabbits. in addition, the febrile response to endotoxin was unaffected either by the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine or by putrescine. these data indicate polyamines are not involved in the development of fever.	1985	2862252
infectious diarrhea. pathogenesis and risk factors.	our understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious, especially bacterial, diarrhea has increased dramatically. new etiologic agents, mechanisms, and diseases have become known. for example, escherichia coli serogroup o157 is now known to cause acute hemorrhagic colitis. also, e. coli serogroups that produce shiga toxin are recognized as etiologic agents in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the production of bacterial diarrhea has two major facets, bacterial-mucosal interaction and the induction of ...	1985	2861742
epidemic shiga bacillary dysentery in rangoon, burma, 1984/85.		1985	2861376
chemotaxis by entamoeba histolytica.	a micropore membrane procedure to assay taxis by entamoeba histolytica is described and the results of studies of responses to a variety of soluble substances, bacteria, an rat colon washings using this procedure are reported. trophozoites migrated in blind well chambers through 8-micron pore size polycarbonate membranes but not nitrocellulose membranes up to 12 micron pore size. amoebae were attracted toward fresh axenic culture medium (tyi-s), an enzymatic hydrolysate of casein (trypticase), a ...	1985	2861283
frequency among enterobacteriaceae of the dna sequences encoding type 1 pili.	type 1 pili, characterized by mannose-inhibitable agglutination of fowl or guinea pig erythrocytes, have been found throughout the family enterobacteriaceae. a radiolabeled probe was prepared from a restriction endonuclease-digested fragment of the escherichia coli pil operon and used to detect homologous dna sequences in 236 bacteria representing 11 genera of enterobacteriaceae. only isolates identified as e. coli or shigella spp. exhibited homology. in contrast, mannose-sensitive hemagglutinat ...	1985	2859271
nalidixic-acid-resistant shigella dysenteriae i.		1985	2858035
[bacterial, rotavirus and mixed etiologies of diarrhea in children].		1988	2854908
in vitro activity of azithromycin (cp-62,993), a novel macrolide, against enteric pathogens.	azithromycin (cp-62,993 [9-deoxy-9a-methyl-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin]) is a novel macrolide antimicrobial. in this study the in vitro activity of cp-62,993 has been determined against selected enteropathogens, including clostridium difficile, and compared with that of erythromycin. mics were determined using an agar incorporation technique in mueller-hinton medium, containing saponin-lysed horse blood at a final concentration of 10% v/v, with an inoculum of 10(4) cfu. cp-62,993 was considerably ...	1988	2854515
endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats: morphological and biochemical study.	inflammation induced by systemic injection of endotoxin can be a good model for endogenous uveitis since ocular inflammation is induced without manipulating the eye. we carried out morphological and biochemical studies in lewis rats to evaluate the breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier following injection of endotoxin (1 mg/rat) in footpads. vasodilation was observed as early as 3 hours and became maximum at 18-24 hours after the injection. unlike in the eye, no inflammatory changes were observe ...	1988	2853240
rotaviruses in infants with diarrhea studied by viral rna electrophoresis in ankara, turkey.	incidence of rotavirus in children under 2 years of age, admitted to 2 children's hospitals i n ankara, turkey, from july 1984-june 1985 was measured using viral rna electrophoresis in agarose gels. 375 children were selected at random from over 14,000 diarrhea admissions, and their stool specimens taken on admission were compared to those of 333 children without diarrhea. 61 (16.3%) of the diarrhea cases had detectable rotavirus, compared to 0% in controls. bacteriologic tests for salmonella ...	1987	2851886
human rotavirus infection enhances invasiveness of enterobacteria in ma-104 cells.	to study the interaction between common pathogens causing infectious diarrhea in humans, ma 104 cell cultures were infected with human rotavirus and salmonella typhimurium or shigella flexneri or enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) concomitantly. when ma-104 cells were preinfected with human rotavirus, invasiveness of s. typhimurium was significantly enhanced. the enhancement was evident after 48 h of virus preincubation. at this time virus specific antigens were demonstrated in the cell cult ...	1988	2850823
necropsy findings in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with cultured simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta.	lesions induced in rhesus monkeys by different isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta were studied at necropsy. four groups of monkeys were inoculated with siv/delta isolated from other experimentally infected rhesus monkeys, while one group was inoculated with siv/delta from an asymptomatic mangabey monkey. three rhesus isolates and the mangabey isolate were virulent, killing 75-100% of infected monkeys. one rhesus isolate, which had been extensively passaged in vitro, was attenu ...	1988	2850650
metabolic events mediating early killing of host cells infected by shigella flexneri.	j774, a continuous macrophage cell-line, was infected by m90t, an invasive isolate of shigella flexneri serotype 5 and bs176, its non invasive derivative--which does not harbor the 220 kbase virulence plasmid pwr100. killing of host cells by intracellular m90t, commenced one hour after infection and was completed by 4 hours. intracellular bs176 did not kill cells during the same period. cell protein biosynthesis was totally inhibited by both strains within 2 hours of infection thus indicating th ...	1987	2848171
localization of plasmid loci necessary for the entry of shigella flexneri into hela cells, and characterization of one locus encoding four immunogenic polypeptides.	we have previously cloned a 44 kb fragment from the virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain m90t which is capable of restoring invasiveness to an avirulent, plasmidless mutant. this report presents a genetic and physical analysis of tn5 mutations in recombinant clone phs4108. tn5 mutagenesis allowed identification of at least five regions implicated in the entry phenotype. these regions were located on a 20 kb portion of phs4108. expression of the insertion mutants was studied b ...	1987	2846749
rapid chemiluminescent nucleic acid assays for detection of tem-1 beta-lactamase-mediated penicillin resistance in neisseria gonorrhoeae and other bacteria.	two new assays for the detection of tem-1 beta-lactamase-mediated bacterial penicillin resistance were developed that involve the use of specific nucleic acid hybridization. both techniques are based on a solution-phase hybridization of oligonucleotide probes to the target dna sequence, solid-phase capture of the probe-target complex, and an amplified chemiluminescent labeling method. one configuration of hybridization probes detected the presence of tem-1 in neisseria gonorrhoeae (45 strains), ...	1988	2846631
comparative in vitro activity of the new oral macrolide azithromycin.	the in vitro activity of the new oral macrolide azithromycin was compared with that of erythromycin against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. ninety percent of hemolytic streptococci groups a and b, and streptococcus pneumoniae were inhibited by 0.5 microgram/ml. activity of azithromycin was similar to that of erythromycin; erythromycin-resistant staphylococci and streptococci were not inhibited. azithromycin was more active than erythromycin against haemophilus inf ...	1988	2846300
study of plasmid screening amongst pathogenic bacteria isolated in nigeria.	clinical isolates of neisseria gonorrhoeae, campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, yersinia spp. and salmonella spp. were screened for the presence of plasmids. approximately 80% of these strains harboured plasmids ranging in molecular weight from 1.0 to 45 x 10(6) daltons.	1988	2845756
investigation of human stool samples from the cape verde islands (district santa cruz/santiago).	based on the rate of occurrence of diseases associated with diarrhoea, stool samples were also investigated; parasitologically, using the mifc-enrichment method for intestinal parasites; serologically, using elisa for rotavirus and bacteriologically for shigella and salmonella on the cape verde islands. 90% of the samples came from children aged between 6 and 14 years. entamoeba histolytica, the causal agent of amoebic dysentery was demonstrated in 17.4%, lamblia intestinalis in 28.7% and rotavi ...	1988	2844628
dna probes for shiga-like toxins i and ii and for toxin-converting bacteriophages.	a set of dna probes has been developed to study the genes for shiga-like toxins (slt) and the bacteriophage from which these toxin genes were isolated. under stringent conditions of hybridization (80 to 90% homology), these probes detect strains containing (i) slt i-related genes, (ii) slt ii-related genes, (iii) phage sequences from the slt i-converting phage h19a/933j, and (iv) phage sequences from the slt ii-converting phage 933w. strain characterization by hybridization with the toxin gene p ...	1988	2842369
[prevalence of enteropathogenic agents in the acute diarrheal syndrome in hospitalized and outpatient children].		1987	2841726
plasmid typing of shigella sonnei epidemic strains and molecular relationship of their r-plasmids.	we conducted a surveillance program on epidemic and/or endemic shigella strains in asturias (spain), their frequency and dispersion in our community, and their r-plasmids. we analyzed initial isolates of shigella sonnei from two epidemic outbreaks using antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profile analysis as epidemiological markers. we found that the 2 outbreaks were caused by different s. sonnei strains, which respectively carried one and two r-plasmids together with other plasmids. the ...	1988	2841150
development of an auxotrophic oral live shigella flexneri vaccine.	an oral live attenuated shigella flexneri vaccine candidate strain was constructed by making it auxotrophic and dependent on aromatic metabolites not available in mammalian tissues. an arod gene of escherichia coli k12 strain nk 5131, inactivated by insertion in it of the tn 10 transposon, was transduced using phage p1 into a virulent s. flexneri serotype y strain (sfl 1) isolated from a patient with bacillary dysentery. one of the transductant strains sfl 114 was found to invade hela cells in v ...	1988	2838986
sequence analysis, expression, and conservation of escherichia coli uracil dna glycosylase and its gene (ung).	the complete nucleotide sequence of the escherichia coli ung gene is described. transcription initiation and termination sites were determined by s1 nuclease and rnase mapping. the common prokaryotic -35, -10, and the ribosome binding site sequences are represented by tgttctgta, taagcta, and aggagag at their respective locations. a putative hairpin transcription terminator structure is present at the major transcription terminator sites. the open reading frame of the ung gene codes for a protein ...	1988	2836397
virulence-associated genetic regions comprising 31 kilobases of the 230-kilobase plasmid in shigella flexneri 2a.	by random transposon tn5 insertions, we previously identified six virulence-associated sali fragments, b, d, f, g, h, and p, in the 230-kilobase plasmid pmysh6000 of shigella flexneri 2a. in this study, we analyzed the sites of 134 independent tn5 insertions on four contiguous sali fragments, b, p, h, and d, of pmysh6000 and identified five virulence-associated regions; four were associated with inducing a positive sereny test (ser), invasion into epithelial cells (inv), binding to congo red (pc ...	1988	2836357
[activity of restriction endonuclease sso ii in escherichia coli strains transformed by shigella sonnei 47 plasmids].	the inverse dependence of activity of restriction endonuclease ssoii preparations on the number of low molecular mass plasmids of shigella sonnei transforming escherichia coli recipient cells producing the enzyme has been shown. escherichia coli strain producing efficiently one of two shigella sonnei 47 restriction endonucleases ssoii has been isolated. the producer strain harbours two of the nine shigella sonnei 47 plasmids. one of them p4 codes for ssoii+ phenotype while the other p9 determine ...	1987	2833695
a review of human salmonellosis: iii. magnitude of salmonella infection in the united states.	national surveillance for salmonella infections was established in 1962, following recognition of the importance of salmonella organisms as the cause of potentially preventable infectious disease in the united states. reports of infections due to salmonella have risen progressively to approximately 40,000 per year. in contrast, the parallel reporting system for infections due to shigella shows no such increase. because a passive surveillance system is used, it has been assumed salmonella infecti ...	1988	2832925
flanking and internal regions of chromosomal genes mediating aerobactin iron uptake systems in enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella flexneri.	we have investigated the presence of the aerobactin system and the location of the aerobactin genes in enteroinvasive strains of escherichia coli. also, we cloned the aerobactin region and its flanking sequences from the chromosome of a strain of shigella flexneri and compared the molecular organization of the aerobactin genes in the two genera. of the 11 enteroinvasive e. coli strains studied, 5 possessed the aerobactin genes, which were located on the chromosome in each case. these strains pro ...	1987	2832521
distribution and diversity of hsd genes in escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria.	we screened salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella boydii, and many isolates of escherichia coli for dna sequences homologous to those encoding each of two unrelated type i restriction and modification systems (ecok and ecoa). both k- and a-related hsd genes were identified, but never both in the same strain. s. typhimurium encodes three restriction and modification systems, but its dna hybridized only to the k-specific probe which we know to identify the s ...	1988	2832380
[incidence of rotavirus in the menino jesus pediatric hospital (sp): elisa--a practical and efficient method for its detection].	seventy infants and children with age from 2 months to 4 years old were admitted to "hospital infantil menino jesus", in são paulo, brazil, in the period from march 1983 to june 1984 with acute diarrhea. feces from these patients were analysed in the search of rotavirus and enteropathogenic bacteria (shigella, salmonella and e. coli), for the purpose of defining the role of rotavirus as an agent of acute diarrhea in infants and young children in this country. elisa (enzyme-linked immuno sorbent ...	1986	2831862
prevalence of enteric pathogens in homosexual men with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	we studied 388 homosexual or bisexual men from the baltimore-washington area to define the spectrum of enteric pathogen carriage in a population at high risk for "gay bowel syndrome" in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. seventy-seven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 68 gay men with symptoms of acute diarrhea or proctitis, and 243 gay men without gastrointestinal symptoms and participating in a natural history study of human immunodeficiency virus infection ...	1988	2831107
development and testing of invasion-associated dna probes for detection of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli.	genetic determinants of the invasive phenotype of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec), two common agents of bacillary dysentery, are encoded on large (180- to 210 kilobase), nonconjugative plasmids. several plasmid-encoded antigens have been implicated as important bacterial ligands that mediate the attachment and invasion of colonic epithelial cells by the bacteria. selected invasion plasmid antigen (ipa) genes have recently been cloned from shigella flexneri serotype 5 int ...	1988	2830310
cloning and sequencing of the genes for shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae type 1.	the structural genes for shiga toxin, designated stx a and stx b, were cloned from shigella dysenteriae type 1 3818t, and a nucleotide sequence analysis was performed. both stx a and stx b were present on a single transcriptional unit, with stx a preceding stx b. the molecular weight calculated for the processed a subunit was 32,225, while the molecular weight of the processed b subunit was 7,691. comparison of the nucleotide sequences for shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin i (slt-i) from escheric ...	1988	2830229
[rotavirus infection in the older child and adult].	rotaviruses were detected in 1.3% of more than 10,000 stool samples from children--older than 6 years--and adults. beside rotaviruses the main enteropathogenic agents found were salmonellae (6.3%) and campylobacter jejuni/coli (1.7%). similar as the rotavirus infection of infants, in adults symptoms and signs were nearly the same except that the disease was not so severe. a correlation of the rotavirus infection with certain behaviour or eating habits was not found.	1987	2830184
[mobilization of phase i plasmid in shigella sonnei and stability of its inheritance in rough strains of shigella and escherichia].	the plasmid pss120, determining the synthesis of species specific i phase antigen of shigella sonnei is mobilized for genetic transfer into e. coli k12 recipient cells with the frequency 12-41%. the frequency depends on the type of mobilized plasmid and recipient strain. the i phase antigen is normally expressed in ii phase recipient cells and in e. coli cells. during mobilization pss120 forms cointegrates representing a recombinant of mobilizing and mobilized plasmids dna. the study of pss120 i ...	1987	2828937
application of dna hybridization techniques in the assessment of diarrheal disease among refugees in thailand.	the epidemiology and etiology of acute diarrheal disease were determined in a hmong refugee camp on the thai-laotian border from april 11 to may 14, 1985. dna hybridization techniques were used to detect shigella species, enteroinvasive escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic e. coli. a monoclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect rotavirus, and standard microbiology was used to detect other enteropathogens. the age-specific diarrheal disease rates were 47 episodes per month per ...	1988	2827459
identification of regions on a 230-kilobase plasmid from enteroinvasive escherichia coli that are required for entry into hep-2 cells.	certain strains of escherichia coli can cause an invasive diarrheal disease in humans which clinically resembles shigellosis. these strains share with shigella species the ability to enter and replicate within colonic epithelial cells and the ability to bind congo red dye in vitro when grown at 37 degrees c. like shigellae, they contain a large plasmid essential for virulence. a 230-kilobase (kb) plasmid from enteroinvasive e. coli was genetically marked with a transposon and mobilized into an e ...	1988	2826335
genetic and physical characterization of trimethoprim resistance plasmids from shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri.	analysis of six shigella flexneri and four s. sonnei isolates with trimethoprim (tp) resistance from clinical cases in ontario has shown that, in all isolates, the tp resistance is mediated by gene(s) on conjugative, multiple antibiotic-resistance plasmids. the physical and genetic characterization of these plasmids revealed that there are three different tp resistance plasmids. one group, composed of all six s. flexneri plasmids, consists of plasmids which are about 70 megadaltons (mda) and inh ...	1987	2825949
isolation and characterization of is elements repeated in the bacterial chromosome.	shigella sonnei contains repetitive sequences, including an insertion element is1, which can be isolated as double-stranded dna fragments by dna denaturation and renaturation and by treatment with s1 nuclease. in this paper, we describe a method of cloning the is1 fragments prepared by the s1 nuclease digestion technique into phage m13mp8 rfi dna. several clones contained is1, usually with a few additional bases. we isolated and characterized five other repetitive sequences using this method. on ...	1987	2824781
[molecular and medical aspects of dna modification].		1987	2823497
frequency of is1-mediated molecular events in different members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	the numbers of chromosomal copies of the insertion sequence is1 in strains of salmonella typhimurium (0 to 8 copies), shigella sonnei (56 copies), and shigella flexneri (41 copies) isolated in mexico city, mexico, were similar to those reported for these genera isolated in other countries. of the 11 shigella strains studied, all carried several small plasmids; however, in only one of these strains did a small plasmid contain is1, is1 recombination, cointegrate formation mediated by is1 or by the ...	1987	2822657
use of a rapid latex agglutination test to detect salmonella and shigella antigens from gram-negative enrichment broth.	the wampole bactigen salmonella-shigella is a latex agglutination test for rapid detection of salmonella and shigella from enteric enrichment broths. it is designed to identify those enrichment broths that require subculturing and eliminate further workup of negative broths. the authors compared the results of latex testing of gram-negative enrichment broths with culture results of the same broths. primary culture plates were also inoculated with each specimen. a total of 2,481 rectal and stool ...	1989	2816823
etiology of acute childhood diarrhoea in calcutta.	of the 152 cases of acute diarrhoea, 124 (81.5%) revealed potential pathogens. altogether 27 (21.2%) out of 127 strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter, proteus and acinetobacter produced enterotoxin. single pathogenic bacteria (40 cases 26.3%), parasite (6; 6%), rota virus (6; 6%), toxigenic bacteria (19; 12.5%) and mixed agents (37; 24.24.3%) were recorded in 108 cases (71.0%). another 14 (9.2%) cases exclusively revealed moderate to heavy growth of suspected enteric p ...	1989	2815324
acute diarrhoeal disease in india and indonesia.	acute diarrhoea is still a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity, second only to pneumonia as a killer of children, in india and indonesia. untreated diarrhoea precipitates malnutrition and is often the underlying cause of marasmus and kwashiorkor. shigella and salmonella dysenteries are responsible for about 60% of all cases in indonesia and india. these bacillary agents respond well to trimethoprim. amoebiasis responds well to metronidazole. most cases can be managed in the home, even ...	1989	2814585
in vitro studies of tigemonam: a comparison of the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mic vs mbc).	the in vitro activity of tigemonam, a new oral monobactam, was studied with special attention to minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs). against 250 clinical isolates, it inhibited 100% of escherichia sp., klebsiella sp., serratia sp., citrobacter sp., providencia sp., proteus sp., morganella sp., aeromonas sp., yersinia sp., shigella sp., and haemophilus sp. at 0.5 mg/l or less. with 1 mg/l, 75% of enterobacter sp. were inhibited; however, three ...	1989	2809701
antibacterial activity of tigemonam dicholate (sq 30836) and interaction with beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria.	sq 30836 is an orally absorbed salt of tigemonam, a new monobactam similar to aztreonam in structure and microbiologic properties. when assayed against 400 clinical isolates, tigemonam's activity was similar to that of aztreonam and carumonam. it was highly effective against enterobacteriaceae but showed poor activity against gram-positive organisms. it inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella, shigella, yersinia, proteus, providencia, and morganella strains at 0.5 micrograms/ml or less, an ...	1989	2809698
in-vitro activity of meropenem against clinical isolates obtained in canada.	the in-vitro activity of meropenem, a new parenteral carbapenem, was compared with that of imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, piperacillin, gentamicin and, where appropriate, other antibiotics against recent clinical isolates and characterized beta-lactamase producers. mics were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure and two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu) were used throughout. meropenem inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, indole-posit ...	1989	2808216
purification of shiga toxin and shiga-like toxins i and ii by receptor analog affinity chromatography with immobilized p1 glycoprotein and production of cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies.	shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 60r was purified to homogeneity by a novel one-step receptor analog affinity chromatography method. the method was based on the binding affinity of shiga toxin for a specific disaccharide, gal alpha 1----4gal, which was also present in glycoproteins with p1 blood group seroreactivity produced in hydatid cysts from sheep infected with echinococcus granulosus. having shown that cyst fluid p1 glycoprotein bound shiga toxin on a solid phase, a p1 glycoprotein af ...	1989	2807552
in vivo formation of hybrid toxins comprising shiga toxin and the shiga-like toxins and role of the b subunit in localization and cytotoxic activity.	shiga toxin, shiga-like toxin i (slt-i) and shiga-like toxin ii (slt-ii) are cell-associated cytotoxins that kill both vero cells and hela cells, whereas shiga-like toxin ii variant (slt-iiv) is an extracellular cytotoxin that is more cytotoxic for vero cells than for hela cells. the basis for these differences in cytotoxin localization and host cell specificity were examined in this study. the a and b subunit genes of shiga toxin and the slts were recombined by two methods so that hybrid toxins ...	1989	2807546
experimental studies on membrane permeability defects of drug-resistant bacteria.	multiply antibiotic-, lysozyme-and bacitracin-resistant, representative strains of staphylococci, escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae and klebsiella pneumoniae were compared respectively with their parent cultures in respect of their membrane permeability as judged by fluorescence polarization spectroscopy, using a sensitive fluorescent probe. the cytoplasmic membrane of the drug-resistant mutants was found to be less fluid and permeable, compared to that from the sensitive wild types. the st ...	1989	2807429
in vitro activities of lomefloxacin and temafloxacin against pathogens causing diarrhea.	the in vitro activities of temafloxacin (a63004) and lomefloxacin (sc-47111; ny-198) were compared with those of seven other antibiotics against 146 isolates of bacterial enteric pathogens, including campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. ciprofloxacin was the most active drug against the salmonella, shigella, yersinia, and vibrio spp. tested. lomefloxacin, temafloxacin, and difloxacin were the most active drugs tested against campylobacter spp. (mic for 90% of strains, 0.125 to 0.25 micro ...	1989	2802563
microbial etiology of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in kuwait.	during a period of 15 months 621 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis and 152 control children were investigated for etiologic agents of the disease. putative enteropathogens were identified in 86% of the patients and 10% of the controls. common viral agents associated with gastroenteritis among children included rotaviruses (45%) and enteric adenoviruses (4%). bacterial pathogens infecting children were salmonella serotypes (24%), enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (9%), campylobacter ...	1989	2797954
[features of the formation of antibodies to heterologous antigens in experimental shigella infection in guinea pigs and mice].	experimental shigellous infection in guinea pigs and mice is accompanied by the phenomena of immunomodulation. production of antibodies is stimulated with the primary and secondary immune response to ram erythrocytes or to ni-antigen of typhoid bacteria. simultaneously the suppression of the secondary immune response is observed. the immune-stimulating effect is demonstrated better on the models of shigellous keratoconjunctivitis and cystitis in guinea pigs and shigellous pneumonia in mice. immu ...	1989	2796788
screening of in vitro antibacterial activity of terminalia chebula, eclapta alba and ocimum sanctum.	study of in vitro antibacterial activity of extracts from the plants t. chebula, e. alba and o. sanctum was carried out by the disk diffusion technique. all showed such activity against human pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacteria. the activity against salmonella organisms was shown only by t. chebula; against shigella organisms by t. chebula and e. alha; but not by o. sanctum. the widest spectrum of antibacterial activity was shown by t. chebula. it was also most potent. the antiba ...	1989	2793213
[the ratios and kinds of clinical bacteria isolated in taiwan's large-size hospitals].	the prevalence of clinical bacteria, as isolated from linko chang-gung memorial hospital (2,300 beds) in the period january 1985 to december 1986 and from taipei veterans general hospital (2,300 beds) during the period january 1986 to december 1986, was analyzed with the following findings: (i) the isolation ratio of anaerobic and aerobic or facultative bactria during the period of investigation were 7.8% (5,513/70,799) and 92.2% (65,286/70,799), respectively. (ii) of the total aerobic or facult ...	1989	2791722
in vitro evaluation of lomefloxacin activity in colombia.	as part of the worldwide in vitro program to determine the antimicrobial activity of lomefloxacin, our study tested susceptibility of bacterial isolates from hospitals in medellin, colombia. a total of 504 bacterial isolates were obtained from patients at three different centers. for enterobacteriaceae, 0.5 micrograms/ml inhibited 100% of the indole-positive proteus and salmonella spp.; 1 microgram/ml inhibited 100% of shigella and citrobacter, 2 microgram/ml inhibited 100% of enterobacter spp., ...	1989	2791498
inhibition of enteropathogenic bacteria by human milk whey in vitro.	diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic bacteria is a leading cause of childhood mortality world-wide, particularly in less developed regions. breast-feeding has been advocated to protect infants and children from infectious illnesses. we examined the antibacterial activity of human whey in vitro against multiple strains of the following species of enteropathogenic bacteria, campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei and vibrio cholerae, all is ...	1989	2787902
purification of cross-reacting protein antigen shared by yersinia enterocolitica and other gram-negative bacteria with monoclonal antibody.	a monoclonal antibody against the yersinia enterocolitica 60-kilodalton (kda) antigen, designated cross-reacting protein antigen (crpa), was obtained by cell fusion. the crpa common to gram-negative bacteria was purified from y. enterocolitica by the affinity chromatography with the monoclonal antibody (igg1) thus obtained. the purified crpa showed a single band of 60 kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and reacted with rabbit antisera against y. enterocolitica, vibrio chol ...	1989	2779474
antimicrobial activity of julifloricine isolated from prosopis juliflora.	antimicrobial activity of julifloricine, an alkaloid isolated from prosopis juliflora, was studied in vitro against 40 microorganisms which included 31 bacteria, two candida species, five dermatophytic fungi and two viruses. significant inhibitory effect was noted against gram positive bacteria. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) for staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, s. citreus, streptococcus pyogenes and sarcina lutea was 1 microgram/ml and against s. faecalis, s. pneumoniae, s. la ...	1989	2775330
loss of virulence in shigella strains preserved in culture collections due to molecular alteration of the invasion plasmid.	fifty-two shigella strains long preserved by three japanese culture collections were examined for virulence. all of them were avirulent when judged by the focus-plaque assay and the ability to bind congo red. fifteen strains had a plasmid comparable in size to that responsible for epithelial invasiveness and were positive in hybridization tests with a probe derived from a plasmid cistron, virg. twenty-four strains had a similar plasmid but were negative in hybridization tests. the remaining 13 s ...	1989	2770505