Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| a genome rearrangement has orphaned the escherichia coli k-12 acpt phosphopantetheinyl transferase from its cognate escherichia coli o157:h7 substrates. | phosphopantetheinyl transferases (pptases) are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of a 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety from coa to a conserved serine residue of a carrier protein. these carrier proteins use the 4'-phosphopantetheine thiol to shuttle intermediates between the active sites of biosynthetic enzymes involved in fatty acid, non-ribosomal peptide and polyketide synthesis. three pptases have been previously been identified in escherichia coli k-12 and other e. coli strains by homology sear ... | 2006 | 16824108 |
| [etiology of community - acquired acute diarrhea in children]. | of the study was to analyse the etiology of home acute diarrhea in children. | 2006 | 16825723 |
| structural mimicry for vinculin activation by ipaa, a virulence factor of shigella flexneri. | invasion of epithelial cells by shigella flexneri is characterized by cytoskeletal rearrangements of the host cell membrane, promoting internalization of the bacterium. the bacterial effector ipaa is injected into the epithelial cell by a type iii secretion apparatus and recruits vinculin to regulate actin polymerization at the site of entry. we analysed the complex formed between a carboxy-terminal fragment of ipaa (ipaa(560-633)) and the vinculin d1 domain (vd1), both in crystals and in soluti ... | 2006 | 16826238 |
| actin-based motility of intracellular bacteria, and polarized surface distribution of the bacterial effector molecules. | several intracellular bacterial pathogens, including species of listeria, rickettsia, shigella, mycobacteria, and burkholderia, have evolved mechanisms to exploit the actin polymerization machinery of their hosts to induce actin-based motility, enabling these pathogens to spread between host cells without exposing themselves to the extracellular milieu. efficient cell-to-cell spread requires directional motility, which the bacteria may achieve by concentrating the effector molecules at one pole ... | 2006 | 16826602 |
| [antibacterial action of ether oils of some plants]. | inhibitory effect of clove oil on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae and candida albicans was detected. mint ether oil had the high antibacterial action on s. aureus, however against other microorganisms mint oil had a reliably low effect then clove oil. fennel oil had high antibacterial effect on c. albicans, and bactericidal action on s. typhimurium and s. dysenteriae. | 2006 | 16830599 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli and shigella in acidic fruit and vegetable juices by peroxidase systems. | to study the bactericidal properties of the lactoperoxidase (lper)-thiocyanate and soybean peroxidase (sbp)-thiocyanate systems at low ph, their efficiency for inactivation of escherichia coli and shigella in acidic fruit and vegetable juices, their effect on colour stability of the juices and interaction with ascorbic acid. | 2006 | 16834612 |
| an aflp-based database of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei isolates and its use for the identification of untypable shigella strains. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) can be used to assess the genetic diversity of closely related microbial genomes. in this study, the first of its kind for identification of shigella, the high discriminatory power of aflp has been used to determine the genetic relatedness of 230 isolates of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei strains. an aflp database was generated to demonstrate its utility in the discrimination of closely related strains. based on aflp, s. flexneri strains could ... | 2006 | 16837089 |
| surveillance for bacterial diarrhea and antimicrobial resistance in rural western kenya, 1997-2003. | diarrhea is a major cause of preventable illness in sub-saharan africa. although most cases of bacterial gastroenteritis do not require antimicrobial treatment, antimicrobial use is widespread. we examined the bacterial causes of diarrhea and monitored antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates through clinic-based surveillance in a rural kenyan community. | 2006 | 16838225 |
| agronomic aspects and environmental impact of reusing marginal water in irrigation: a case study from egypt. | egypt produces approximately 2.4 million m3 of secondary treated wastewater (tww) annually, used for irrigation directly or indirectly by blending with agricultural drainage water (bdw). the annual re-use of (bdw) is approximately 4 million m3. the safe and efficient use of marginal water (bdw and tww) is a core objective of this study which has been operating from 1997 to date. after six growing seasons the main results can be summarized as follows: maximizing crop production: tww can be used f ... | 2006 | 16841747 |
| inactivation of gram-negative bacteria in milk and banana juice by hen egg white and lambda lysozyme under high hydrostatic pressure. | the effect of hen egg white lysozyme (hewl) and bacteriophage lambda lysozyme (lal) in combination with high pressure (hp) treatment on the inactivation of four gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli o157:h7, shigella flexneri, yersinia enterocolitica and salmonella typhimurium), was studied in skim milk (ph 6.8; a(w) 0.997) and in banana juice (ph 3.8; a(w) 0.971). in the absence of lysozymes, s. flexneri was more sensitive to hp in milk than in banana juice, while the opposite was observed f ... | 2006 | 16843561 |
| studies on pongamia pinnata (l.) pierre leaves: understanding the mechanism(s) of action in infectious diarrhea. | while data are available on the effect of medicinal plants on intestinal motility and their antibacterial action, there is a paucity of information on their mode of action on various aspects of diarrheal pathogenicity, namely colonization to intestinal epithelial cells and production/action of enterotoxins. crude decoction of dried leaves of pongamia pinnata was evaluated for its antimicrobial (antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral) effect; and its effect on production and action of ente ... | 2006 | 16845722 |
| shigella sonnei biotype g carrying class 2 integrons in southern italy: a retrospective typing study by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. | emergence and global dissemination of multiresistant strains of enteric pathogens is a very concerning problem from both epidemiological and public health points of view. shigella sonnei is the serogroup of shigella most frequently responsible for sporadic and epidemic enteritis in developed countries. the dissemination is associated most often to human to human transmission, but foodborne episodes have also been described. in recent years the circulation of multiresistant strains of s. sonnei b ... | 2006 | 16846516 |
| antibacterial activity of the soy isoflavone genistein. | genistein, a radioprotective soy isoflavone and protein kinase inhibitor, blocks the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in mammalian epithelial cells. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct effect of genistein on the survival and growth of the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri and selected opportunistic bacteria in vitro as a prelude to in vivo use for managing postirradiation sepsis. we evaluated the opportunistic bacterial enteropathogens escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, and staphyl ... | 2006 | 16847837 |
| construction, detection and microarray analysis on shigella dysenteriae a1 iron, shua single, double mutants. | in this study, we constructed single mutants mts-1, mts-2 of iron and shua gene and double mutant mts of them in shigella dysenteriae a1 strain 51197 by insert and absence. the functional detection of every mutant was performed at the level of culture medium and cell experiment. the gene expression profiles of the mutants and the wild-type strains under iron-enriched and iron-limited conditions were analyzed by the sd51197 whole genomic microarray. the results showed that all the mutants grew ob ... | 2006 | 16856494 |
| enhancement of mice susceptibility to infection with listeria monocytogenes by the treatment of morphine. | the effect of morphine on the susceptibility of balb/c mice to diarrheagenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enteritidis, yersinia enterocolitica, was examined via the intraperitoneal inoculation. morphine treatment increased the susceptibility to s. enteritidis and l. monocytogenes, resulting in bacteremia and central nervous system (cns) invasion (for l. monocytogenes), while the infection with other bacteria did not show the systemic dissemination in th ... | 2006 | 16858145 |
| structural and molecular characterization of shigella boydii type 16 o antigen. | shigella is a well-known human pathogen causing dysentery and their typing is solely based on the o antigens. we investigated the chemical structure and gene cluster of shigella boydii type 16 o antigen. as judged by sugar and methylation analyses along with nmr spectroscopy data, the o antigen has an o-acetylated branched pentasaccharide repeating o unit, which consists of two d-mannose residues (d-man), one residue each of d-glucuronic acid (d-glca), n-acetylglucosamine (d-glcnac) and d-galact ... | 2006 | 16859842 |
| ipad localizes to the tip of the type iii secretion system needle of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, the causative agent of shigellosis, is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that initiates infection by invading cells within the colonic epithelium. contact with host cell surfaces induces a rapid burst of protein secretion via the shigella type iii secretion system (ttss). the first proteins secreted are ipad, ipab, and ipac, with ipab and ipac being inserted into the host cell membrane to form a pore for translocating late effectors into the target cell cytoplasm. the resulti ... | 2006 | 16861624 |
| role and regulation of the shigella flexneri sit and mnth systems. | shigella flexneri possesses at least two putative high-affinity manganese acquisition systems, sitabcd and mnth. mutations in the genes encoding the components of both of these systems were constructed in s. flexneri. the sita mnth mutant showed reduced growth, relative to the wild type, in luria broth (l broth) containing the divalent metal chelator ethylene diamino-o-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and the addition of either iron or manganese restored growth to the level of the wild-type strain. ... | 2006 | 16861654 |
| frequency of serovars and antimicrobial resistance in shigella spp. from brazil. | a total of 296 shigella spp. were received from state public health laboratories, during the period from 1999 to 2004, by national reference laboratory for cholera and enteric diseases (nrlced)--ioc/fiocruz, rio de janeiro, brazil. the frequency of shigella spp. was: s. flexneri (52.7%), s. sonnei (44.2%), s. boydii (2.3%), and s. dysenteriae (0.6%). the most frequent s. flexneri serovars were 2a and 1b. the highest incidence rates of shigella isolation were observed in the southeast (39%) and n ... | 2006 | 16862316 |
| spectroscopic and calorimetric analyses of invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad) from shigella flexneri reveal the presence of two structural domains. | shigella flexneri is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes severe gastroenteritis in humans. invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad) is an essential participant in shigella invasion of intestinal cells, but no detailed structural information is available to help understand the proposed role of ipad in invasion or its interaction with other invasion proteins. therefore, the secondary and tertiary structure and thermal stability of ipad as well as selected ipad deletion mutants were investiga ... | 2006 | 16866368 |
| simple enzymatic in situ generation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and its use in a cascade reaction for the production of carbohydrates: increased efficiency by phosphate cycling. | a new enzymatic method for the generation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (dhap) using the acid phosphatase from shigella flexneri (phon-sf) and the cheap phosphate donor pyrophosphate (ppi) is described. the utility of this method was demonstrated in an aldolase-catalyzed condensation carried out in one pot in which dhap was generated and coupled to propionaldehyde to give a yield of 53% of the isolated dephosphorylated end product. | 2006 | 16872211 |
| developing live shigella vaccines using lambda red recombineering. | live attenuated shigella vaccines have shown promise in inducing protective immune responses in human clinical trials and as carriers of heterologous antigens from other mucosal pathogens. in the past, construction of shigella vaccine strains relied on classical allelic exchange systems to genetically engineer the bacterial genome. these systems require extensive in vitro engineering of long homologous sequences to create recombinant replication-defective plasmids or phage. alternatively, the la ... | 2006 | 16872384 |
| shigella and autophagy. | bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells, and host recognition and elimination of the invading bacteria, determines the fate of bacterial infection. once inside mammalian cells, many pathogenic bacteria enter the host cytosol to escape from the lytic compartment and gain a replicative niche. recent studies indicate that autophagy also recognizes intracellular bacteria. although autophagy is a conserved membrane trafficking pathway in eukaryotic cells that sequesters undesirable or recyclable cytop ... | 2006 | 16874102 |
| in vitro efficacy of bioactive extracts of 15 medicinal plants against esbetal-producing multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria. | alcoholic crude extracts and some fractions from 15 traditionally used indian medicinal plants were investigated for their ability to inhibit the growth of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbetal)-producing multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria. the test bacteria eschrichia coli and shigella were resistant to 16-23 antibiotics with intermediate or resistance to beta-lactams (minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) value range 16-1024 microg/ml). the crude plant extracts demonstrated zone of inh ... | 2007 | 16875811 |
| trend and disease burden of bacillary dysentery in china (1991-2000). | we aimed to determine the burden of bacillary dysentery in china, its cross-regional variations, trends in morbidity and mortality, the causative bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance patterns. | 2006 | 16878230 |
| a bayesian approach to acute infectious diarrhea in adults. | acute infectious diarrhea is a yearly occurrence for most americans, and is associated with 1 million hospitalizations and about 6000 deaths in the united states annually. up to 80% of acute infectious diarrhea is caused by noroviruses, which produce a clinically mild illness with a predictable short course and good outcome that make laboratory testing and antimicrobial treatment unnecessary. most diarrhea-causing bacteria and protozoa can cause a clinical illness "like norovirus"; when they do ... | 2006 | 16880065 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of bipd, a virulence factor from burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, possesses a protein-secretion apparatus that is similar to those found in salmonella and shigella. a major function of these secretion systems is to secrete virulence-associated proteins into target cells of the host organism. the bipd gene of b. pseudomallei encodes a secreted virulence factor that is similar in sequence and most likely functionally analogous to ipad from shigella and sipd from salmonella. thus, the bipd protein is ... | 2006 | 16880550 |
| [concentration limitations of pathogenic microorganisms in reclaimed water]. | using the technique of microbial risk assessment, concentration limitations of pathogenic microorganisms for various reclaimed water uses are studied. the concentration limitations are: escherichia coli 70 mpn/l, salmonella 0.5 cfu/l, shigella 0.1 cfu/100l, hepatitis a virus 0.001 pfu/100l, rotavirus 1.2 x 10(-3) pfu/100l, poliovirus 0.07 pfu/100l, coxsackie 0.04 pfu/100l, echovirus 0.05 pfu/100l, cryptosporidium 0.1 oocysts/100 l, giardia lamblia 0.03 cysts/100 l. | 2006 | 16881318 |
| increasing single and multi-antibiotic resistance in shigella species isolated from shigellosis patients in sana'a, yemen. | the epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of shigella species changes over time. updated susceptibility knowledge is necessary for appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. thus, this research aimed to study these changes in 2 time periods with an interval of 10 years. | 2006 | 16883444 |
| honey consumption in the state of são paulo: a risk to human health? | infantile botulism was recognized in 1976 as a paralyzing disease caused by the ingestion of viable spores that would germinate and colonize the intestinal tract of infants, with local production and absorption of clostridium botulinum toxin. the possible origins of botulinic spores are dust and honey, which has been identified as a dietary risk factor for infantile botulism. the objectives of the present study were to investigate 100 honey samples obtained in the state of são paulo (brazil) in ... | 2003 | 16887716 |
| molecular model of a type iii secretion system needle: implications for host-cell sensing. | type iii secretion systems are essential virulence determinants for many gram-negative bacterial pathogens. the type iii secretion system consists of cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and extracellular domains. the extracellular domain is a hollow needle protruding above the bacterial surface and is held within a basal body that traverses both bacterial membranes. effector proteins are translocated, via this external needle, directly into host cells, where they subvert normal cell functions to aid inf ... | 2006 | 16888041 |
| comprehensive proteomic analysis of shigella flexneri 2a membrane proteins. | shigella flexneri is the causative agent of most shigellosis cases in developing countries. we used different proteolytic enzymes to selectively shave the protruding proteins on the surface of purified bacterial membrane sheets or vesicles, and recovered peptides were subsequently identified using 2-d lc-ms/ms. as a result, a total of 666 proteins were unambiguously assigned, including 159 integral membrane proteins, 35 outer membrane proteins and 114 proteins previously annotated as hypothetica ... | 2006 | 16889407 |
| characterization of shigella strains in iran by plasmid profile analysis and pcr amplification of ipa genes. | to characterize shigella clinical strains, we studied 82 shigella strains recovered from 719 stool samples of patients with bloody diarrhea in shiraz, iran, over the period from april to october 2003. serological assay classified the shigella isolates as follows: 61 (74.39%) shigella sonnei isolates, 16 (19.51%) shigella flexneri isolates, 3 (3.65%) shigella boydii isolates, and 2 (2.43%) shigella dysenteriae isolates. in an antibiogram test, all shigella strains were susceptible to ceftazidime, ... | 2006 | 16891506 |
| phylogenetic analysis of enteric species of the family enterobacteriaceae using the oric-locus. | phylogenetic analysis of 38 enteric species belonging to the enterobacteraceae family was carried out using the non-coding locus oric, the chromosomal replication origin. the oric loci were amplified with conserved oligonucleotides and the pcr fragments were sequenced directly. the results establish a phylogenetic tree for the classification of different species of the genera escherichia, shigella, salmonella, enterobacter, citrobacter, klebsiella, raoultella, kluyvera, cedecea and buttiauxella. ... | 2007 | 16904857 |
| non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against helicobacter pylori. | helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are each associated with gastrointestinal mucosal damage, but the extent and direction of their interactions remain controversial. therefore, the purpose of the present paper was to examine whether specific nsaids inhibit the growth of helicobacter pylori in vitro. | 2006 | 16911681 |
| shigella vulvovaginitis in a prepubertal child. | 2006 | 16912629 | |
| how long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? a systematic review. | inanimate surfaces have often been described as the source for outbreaks of nosocomial infections. the aim of this review is to summarize data on the persistence of different nosocomial pathogens on inanimate surfaces. | 2006 | 16914034 |
| detection of typical and atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) in iranian children with and without diarrhoea. | the present study was performed to investigate the contribution of typical and atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) as a cause of infectious diarrhoea among children less than 10 years old in iran. during the summer months, 247 specimens from children with diarrhoea and 1108 from asymptomatic children were analysed for the presence of epec and other bacterial pathogens. potential enteric pathogens were identified in 140 cases of children with diarrhoea (56.7%). epec was the most fre ... | 2006 | 16914644 |
| antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of shigella sonnei isolated from patients with diarrhoea between 1999 and 2003 in bangladesh. | shigella sonnei is a significant cause of diarrhoeal infection in both developing and industrialized countries. from 1999 to 2003, 445 strains of shigella sonnei were isolated from patients admitted to the diarrhoea treatment centre of the international center for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh. more than 60% of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, 89% to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and 9.5% to ampicillin. in addition, 4% of strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics (am ... | 2006 | 16914657 |
| structural organization of the needle complex of the type iii secretion apparatus of shigella flexneri. | the secretion apparatus known as the needle complex (nc) from the bacterium shigella flexneri was studied by single particle electron microscopy. the isolated intact nc appears in projection to be composed of a basal body consisting of seven rings and a protruding needle appendage. a comparison of averaged projections of the intact nc and its fragments revealed the organization of the nc into several major subcomplexes. one of these lacks an inner membrane ring of the basal body but still presen ... | 2007 | 16920362 |
| structural characterization of enterobactin hydrolase iroe. | the proliferation of many pathogenic bacteria is limited by the scarcity of soluble iron in their environment. many of these bacteria scavenge iron by synthesizing and exporting small molecule siderophores that chelate iron. iron-bound siderophores are subsequently imported for metabolic processing. three related serine hydrolases have been characterized biochemically in this pathway: fes, irod, and iroe. here, we report the crystal structure of iroe from uropathogenic escherichia coli cft073. t ... | 2006 | 16922493 |
| fishmeal extract bile salt lactose agar--a differential medium for enteric bacteria. | fishmeal extract bile salt lactose agar (febla), a new differential medium for enteric bacteria was developed and evaluated for its ability to grow and differentiate lactose fermenters (lf) from non-lactose fermenters (nlf) in comparison with macconkeys agar. performance of febla was at par with the latter. on febla medium, the contrast between lf and nlf colonies was pronounced and klebsiella pneumoniae produced more mucoid colonies than on macconkeys agar (hi media). unlike macconkeys agar, a ... | 2006 | 16924840 |
| carriage of bacteria by proboscises, legs, and feces of two species of flies in street food vending sites in ouagadougou, burkina faso. | flies are widely recognized as potential reservoirs and vectors of bacteria. in the present study, an attempt was made to assess meat-poultry and local fruit juice processing and vending sites for their hygienic status and the presence of houseflies, musca domestica, and blow flies, lucilia caesar, for bacterial carriage. the hygienic status results revealed the presence of waste and sewage nearby which provided food and harborage for flies. on the two sites, the m. domestica population was domi ... | 2006 | 16924933 |
| cholesterol is required to trigger caspase-1 activation and macrophage apoptosis after phagosomal escape of shigella. | pro-inflammatory macrophage apoptosis is pivotal in the aetiology of bacillary dysentery, an acute inflammatory diarrhoea caused by shigella spp. s. flexneri triggers its uptake by macrophages, escapes the phagosome and kills the host cell by a cytotoxic pathway, which activates and requires caspase-1 [interleukin (il)-1beta-converting enzyme] and releases mature il-1beta. the bacterial type iii-secreted translocator/effector protein ipab triggers cell death and directly binds to caspase-1. here ... | 2007 | 16925787 |
| structure of yidb protein from shigella flexneri shows a new fold with homeodomain motif. | 2006 | 16927377 | |
| use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for comparison of similar but distinguishable isolates of shigella sonnei collected in ireland and italy. | comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns (generated with xbai and blni) of shigella sonnei isolates from ireland and italy suggests that two possibly distantly related lineages are present in both countries. smaller, more closely related groups, including isolates from ireland and italy, were also noted. these groups raise the possibility that the dissemination of clonal groups of s. sonnei may have occurred in recent years. | 2006 | 16928969 |
| verotoxin-1 induction of apoptosis in gb3-expressing human glioma cell lines. | the aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity and mechanism of apoptosis induction of verotoxin-1 (vt-1) in human glioma cell lines. vt-1 is a member of the shiga-toxin family expressed by some serotypes of escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae. shiga-toxins have been shown to induce apoptosis by binding to its membrane receptor gb3. the human glioma cell lines sf-767, u-343 mg, and u-251 mg were studied together with bt4c, a rat glioma cell line. cells were first screened for gb3 ex ... | 2006 | 16929170 |
| structural and genetic characterization of shigella boydii type 17 o antigen and confirmation of two new genes involved in the synthesis of glucolactilic acid. | shigella strains are human pathogens and normally identified based on their o antigens. the chemical structure and gene cluster of shigella boydii type 17 o antigen were studied. as judged by sugar and methylation analyses along with nmr spectroscopy data, the o antigen of s. boydii type 17 has a linear trisaccharide o unit, which consists of two residues of n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac) and a 4-o-[(r)-1-carboxyethyl]-d-glucose (glucolactilic acid). the o antigen gene cluster of s. boydii type ... | 2006 | 16930547 |
| [sequence of escherichia coli o11 o-antigen gene cluster and identification of molecular markers specific to o11]. | escherichia coli o11 belongs to shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), which can cause food-borne disease, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) in humans. because of its character of specificity, the o-antigen gene cluster provides the best material for the selection of molecular markers which can be used for rapid genotyping of bacterial strain. in this study, the e.coli o11 o-antigen gene cluster was amplified by long-range pcr and was sequenced using shotgun-sequen ... | 2006 | 16933598 |
| study of hand hygiene and enteroparasite infestation among food handlers working in a medical college of north india. | the present study was conducted to assess: 1) prevalence of enteroparasite infestation among food handlers working in food service establishments located in the campus of a medical college, 2) presence of enteric organisms on their hands and nails and their hand washing practices. a total of 151 food handlers were interviewed regarding their socio-demographic and professional characteristics. their hand washing practices were also observed. stool examination for enteroparasites and stool culture ... | 2006 | 16933748 |
| reciprocal transcriptional and posttranscriptional growth-phase-dependent expression of sfh, a gene that encodes a paralogue of the nucleoid-associated protein h-ns. | the inchi1 self-transmissible plasmid psf-r27 from shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t harbors sfh, a gene that codes for a protein with strong amino acid sequence homology to the global transcription regulator and nucleoid-associated protein h-ns and to its paralogue, stpa. previously, we discovered that the expression of sfh mrna is growth phase dependent such that in cultures growing in lennox broth at 37 degrees c, the transcript is readily detectable in the early stages of exponential growth ... | 2006 | 16936022 |
| enterotoxigenic escherichia coli causing cholerogenic syndrome during an interepidemic period of cholera in north india. | a study was undertaken to look for heat-labile enterotoxin producing escherichia coli (lt-etec) in patients with acute watery diarrhea resembling cholera in chandigarh in north india. two periods were selected, an interepidemic (2001) and an epidemic (2002) period. heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) was detected using reverse passive latex agglutination test. lt-etec strains were serotyped and antimicrobial susceptibility was studied. lt-etec was detected in 16 of 21 stool samples during 2001. other o ... | 2006 | 16936343 |
| shigellosis in kobe city, japan, after school excursion to malaysia and singapore. | 2006 | 16936352 | |
| shigella sonnei outbreak among japanese travelers returning from hawaii. | 2006 | 16936358 | |
| current status of anti-diarrheal and anti-secretory drugs in the management of acute childhood diarrhea. | each year 1.8 million children die due to diarrheal diseases. indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics. moreover the recent outbreaks of shigella and cholera have revealed multi-drug resistance strains. there is a need for review of recommended antibiotics for shigellosis. from recent data it emerges that fluoroquinolones should be the first line of therapy and cephalosporins to be used as the second line. among the anti-cholera antibio ... | 2006 | 16936364 |
| effect of lactoferrin on enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec). | we previously demonstrated that lactoferrin inhibits adherence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli to hep-2 cells and decreases invasiveness of shigella flexneri in hela cells by disruption of the type iii secretory system (ttss) of both enteropathogens. to determine whether these effects were specific to the ttss, we assessed the activity of bovine lactoferrin on enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec), enteropathogens whose virulence is not ttss dependent. bovine lactoferrin at a concentration of 1. ... | 2006 | 16936809 |
| modulation of phosphoinositide metabolism by pathogenic bacteria. | phosphoinositide metabolism plays a pivotal role in the regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction, actin remodelling and membrane dynamics. phosphoinositides co-ordinate these processes by recruiting protein effectors to distinct cellular membranes in a time- and organelle-dependent manner. intracellular bacterial pathogens interfere with phosphoinositide metabolism to direct their entry into eukaryotic cells, form replication-permissive vacuoles, modulate apoptosis, or trigger fluid s ... | 2006 | 16939534 |
| the use of comparative genomic hybridization to characterize genome dynamics and diversity among the serotypes of shigella. | compelling evidence indicates that shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery, as well as enteroinvasive escherichia coli, are derived from multiple origins of escherichia coli and form a single pathovar. to further understand the genome diversity and virulence evolution of shigella, comparative genomic hybridization microarray analysis was employed to compare the gene content of e. coli k-12 with those of 43 shigella strains from all lineages. | 2006 | 16939645 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pk245, a 98-kilobase plasmid conferring quinolone resistance and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase activity in a clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. | a plasmid containing the qnrs quinolone resistance determinant and the gene encoding the shv-2 beta-lactamase has been discovered from a clinical klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated in taiwan. the complete 98-kb sequence of this plasmid, designated pk245, was determined by using a whole-genome shotgun approach. transfer of pk245 conferred low-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in electroporant escherichia coli epi300. the sequence of the immediate region surrounding qnrs in pk245 is nearly i ... | 2006 | 16940067 |
| mobilizable incq-related plasmid carrying a new quinolone resistance gene, qnrs2, isolated from the bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant. | plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance was previously reported for different bacteria isolated from patients not only in the united states and asia but also in europe. here we describe the isolation, by applying a new selection strategy, of the quinolone resistance plasmid pgnb2 from an activated sludge bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant in germany. the hypersensitive escherichia coli strain kam3 carrying a mutation in the multidrug efflux system genes acrab was transformed with t ... | 2006 | 16940104 |
| diarrhea etiology in a children's hospital emergency department: a prospective cohort study. | we evaluated the frequency of recovery of pathogens from children with diarrhea who presented to a pediatric emergency department and characterized the associated illnesses, to develop guidelines for performing a bacterial enteric culture. | 2006 | 16941358 |
| [ultrastructural changes in shigella flexneri cells during interaction with bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus acidophilus]. | results of electron-microscopic examination of shigella flexneri cells, subjected to influence the bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria are presented. the response of shigellae to bacteriocinogenic lactobacilli was shown both on cellular and population levels. on population level the correlation of various morphological types of shigella cells with increase of involution, lysing and resting forms is revealed. at a cellular level the specific ultrastructural changes of shigell ... | 2006 | 16941871 |
| expression, limited proteolysis and preliminary crystallographic analysis of ipad, a component of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion system. | ipad, the putative needle-tip protein of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion system, has been overexpressed and purified. crystals were grown of the native protein in space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 55.9, b = 100.7, c = 112.0 a, and data were collected to 2.9 a resolution. analysis of the native patterson map revealed a peak at 50% of the origin on the harker section v = 0.5, suggesting twofold non-crystallographic symmetry parallel to the b crystallographic axis. a ... | 2006 | 16946465 |
| high resolution structure of bipd: an invasion protein associated with the type iii secretion system of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkoldheria pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that possesses a protein secretion system similar to those found in salmonella and shigella. recent work has indicated that the protein encoded by the bipd gene of b. pseudomallei is an important secreted virulence factor. bipd is similar in sequence to ipad from shigella and sipd from salmonella and is therefore likely to be a translocator protein in the type-iii secretion system of b. pseudomallei. the crystal structure of bipd has been so ... | 2006 | 16950399 |
| characterization of ferric and ferrous iron transport systems in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae has multiple iron acquisition systems, including tonb-dependent transport of heme and of the catechol siderophore vibriobactin. strains defective in both of these systems grow well in laboratory media and in the infant mouse intestine, indicating the presence of additional iron acquisition systems. previously uncharacterized potential iron transport systems, including a homologue of the ferrous transporter feo and a periplasmic binding protein-dependent atp binding cassette (abc) ... | 2006 | 16952942 |
| shigella as a foodborne pathogen and current methods for detection in food. | shigella, the causative agent of shigellosis or "bacillary dysentery," has been increasingly involved in foodborne outbreaks. according to the centers for disease control and prevention's emerging infections program, foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet), shigella was the third most reported foodborne bacterial pathogen in 2002. foods are most commonly contaminated with shigella by an infected food handler who practices poor personal hygiene. shigella is acid resistant, salt t ... | 2006 | 16954064 |
| visible-light-induced bactericidal activity of a nitrogen-doped titanium photocatalyst against human pathogens. | the antibacterial activity of photocatalytic titanium dioxide (tio(2)) substrates is induced primarily by uv light irradiation. recently, nitrogen- and carbon-doped tio(2) substrates were shown to exhibit photocatalytic activities under visible-light illumination. their antibacterial activity, however, remains to be quantified. in this study, we demonstrated that nitrogen-doped tio(2) substrates have superior visible-light-induced bactericidal activity against escherichia coli compared to pure t ... | 2006 | 16957236 |
| analysis on antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacteria isolated from county hospitals and a teaching hospital. | the distinction of antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacteria isolated from county hospitals and a teaching hospital was investigated. disc diffusion test was used to study the antimicrobial resistance of isolates collected from county hospitals and a teaching hospital. the data was analyzed by whonet5 and spss statistic software. a total of 655 strains and 1682 strains were collected from county hospitals and a teaching hospital, respectively, in the year of 2003. the top ten pathogens were ... | 2006 | 16961303 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrs in enterobacter cloacae. | pcr was used to investigate the occurrence of the plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance determinants qnra and qnrs among diarrhoeagenic enterobacterial isolates recovered from hanoi, vietnam, during the period march 2001 to april 2002. in total, 162 escherichia coli isolates, 28 shigella isolates and three enterobacter cloacae isolates were negative for qnra, while a single ent. cloacae isolate harboured a 50-kb qnrs-positive conjugative plasmid. cloning and sequencing identified a qnrs gene brac ... | 2006 | 16961640 |
| the role of clathrin-dependent endocytosis in bacterial internalization. | internalization of bacteria into mammalian host cells has been studied extensively in the past two decades. these studies have highlighted the amazingly diverse strategies used by bacterial pathogens to induce their entry in non-phagocytic cells. the roles of actin and of the whole cytoskeletal machinery have been investigated in great detail for several invasive organisms, such as salmonella, shigella, yersinia and listeria. recent results using listeria highlight a role for the endocytosis mac ... | 2006 | 16962776 |
| preliminary pharmacological screening of bixa orellana l. leaves. | preliminary pharmacological studies were performed on the methanol extract of bixa orellana l. (bixaceae) leaves to investigate neuropharmacological, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antidiarrhoeal activity and effect on gastrointestinal motility. all studies were conducted in mice using doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight. in the pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis test, the extract statistically reduced the time for the onset of sleep at 500 mg/kg dose and (dose-dependently) increased the tot ... | 2006 | 16963211 |
| a multicentre study of shigella diarrhoea in six asian countries: disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology. | the burden of shigellosis is greatest in resource-poor countries. although this diarrheal disease has been thought to cause considerable morbidity and mortality in excess of 1,000,000 deaths globally per year, little recent data are available to guide intervention strategies in asia. we conducted a prospective, population-based study in six asian countries to gain a better understanding of the current disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology of shigellosis in asia. | 2006 | 16968124 |
| efficacy of solar disinfection of escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium and vibrio cholerae. | to determine the efficacy of solar disinfection (sodis) for enteric pathogens and to test applicability of the reciprocity law. | 2006 | 16968294 |
| acanthamoeba: could it be an environmental host of shigella? | shigellosis is a serious public health problem in korea, because large outbreaks of shigella sonnei infections were recorded in many parts of the country during the period 1998-2000. however, the epidemiological features of shigellosis are not well known. in this study, we devised conditions suitable for the growth and replication of shigella in an amoebic intracellular environment, and investigate whether medium conditions affect the survival and replication of shigella within acanthamoeba. we ... | 2007 | 16978610 |
| high vaccine efficacy against shigellosis of recombinant noninvasive shigella mutant that expresses yersinia invasin. | live attenuated shigella vaccines elicit protective immune responses, but involve a potential risk of inducing a strong inflammatory reaction. the bacterial invasiveness that is crucial for ag delivery causes inflammatory destruction of infected epithelial cells and proinflammatory cell death of infected macrophages. in this study, the noninvasive shigella mutant deltaipab was equipped with yersinia invasin protein, which has been shown to mediate bacterial invasion and targeting to m cells loca ... | 2006 | 16982910 |
| screening antimicrobial activity of various extracts of artemisia dracunculus l. | the antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of artemisia dracunculus l. were studied. these extracts were tested against nine bacteria and four yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. the results indicated that the methanol extract of a. dracunculus is more effective against tested microorganisms than chloroform or acetone extracts. the chloroform and acetone extracts were inhibitory only towards pseudomonas aeruginosa (atcc 2785 ... | 2007 | 16986171 |
| [development of a gold-immunochromatography test for rapid detecting e. coli o157]. | to develop a method for rapid detecting escherichia coli (e. coli) o157 on site. | 2006 | 16986519 |
| quinine sulfate inhibits invasion of salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri: a preliminary study. | 2006 | 16987134 | |
| usefulness of inter-is1 spacer polymorphisms for subtyping of shigella sonnei isolates. | shigella sonnei contains numerous is1 elements. the existence of polymorphisms in the length of the inter-is1 spacer is a basis for the development of a pcr-based method for the subtyping of s. sonnei strains. the usefulness of inter-is1 spacer typing (ist) was evaluated and compared with that of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) by characterization of s. sonnei isolates from epidemiologically nonrelated cases and outbreaks and of isolates that were indistinguishable by pfge and that were ... | 2006 | 16988023 |
| ospf and ospc1 are shigella flexneri type iii secretion system effectors that are required for postinvasion aspects of virulence. | shigella flexneri is the causative agent of dysentery, and its pathogenesis is mediated by a type iii secretion system (t3ss). s. flexneri secretes effector proteins into the eukaryotic cell via the t3ss, and these proteins usurp host cellular functions to the benefit of the bacteria. ospf and ospc1 are known to be secreted by s. flexneri, but their functions are unknown. we transformed s. flexneri with a plasmid that expresses a two-hemagglutinin tag (2ha) in frame with ospf or ospc1 and verifi ... | 2006 | 16988276 |
| an extensive repertoire of type iii secretion effectors in escherichia coli o157 and the role of lambdoid phages in their dissemination. | several pathogenic strains of escherichia coli exploit type iii secretion to inject "effector proteins" into human cells, which then subvert eukaryotic cell biology to the bacterium's advantage. we have exploited bioinformatics and experimental approaches to establish that the effector repertoire in the sakai strain of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) o157:h7 is much larger than previously thought. homology searches led to the identification of >60 putative effector genes. thirteen of these were ... | 2006 | 16990433 |
| risk factors for shigellosis in thailand. | to assess the potential risk factors for shigellosis including housefly density. | 2006 | 16997593 |
| short report: analysis of clonal relationship among shigella sonnei isolates circulating in argentina. | thirty-five isolates of shigella sonnei from patients with diarrhoea in three geographic regions of argentina were examined for genetic diversity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profile. pfge of xbai and blni dna digests confirmed the occurrence of outbreaks in two regions caused by two separate predominant clones of s. sonnei. the third region was characterized by three circulating clones, one of which was possibly associated with an outbreak. similar plasmids were found ... | 2007 | 16999876 |
| different additional risk factors for cerebral infarctions associated with the factor v leiden mutation in a family. | several cases with cerebral infarctions associated with the factor v leiden mutation have been reported. however, bearing in mind the large number of asymptomatic individuals with the factor v leiden mutation, additional risk factors for cerebral infarctions should be considered. in this report, two siblings with cerebral infarctions associated with a combination of heterozygous factor v leiden mutation and different additional exogenous and endogenous thrombogenic risk factors are described. re ... | 2006 | 17005112 |
| crystal structure of the diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase from shigella flexneri 2a. | 2006 | 17006950 | |
| general practitioner practices in requesting laboratory tests for patients with gastroenteritis in the netherlands, 2001-2002. | the objective of this study was to estimate the (selective) proportion of patients consulting their gp for an episode of gastroenteritis for whom laboratory tests were requested. in addition adherence of gps to the guidelines for diagnostic test regime was ascertained. | 2006 | 17014713 |
| induction of expression of hfq by dksa is essential for shigella flexneri virulence. | hfq plays an important role in cellular physiology by regulating the expression of several genes. hfq synthesis in escherichia coli is subject to auto-repression at translational level. studies with shigella flexneri show that hfq transcription is regulated by a pleiotropic regulator, dksa. comparison of gene expression profiles of wild type and dksa mutant s. flexneri determined that hfq expression was reduced in the dksa mutant. as dksa is required for stress resistance and plaque formation in ... | 2006 | 17020583 |
| development of a serotype-specific dna microarray for identification of some shigella and pathogenic escherichia coli strains. | shigella and pathogenic escherichia coli are major causes of human infectious diseases and are responsible for millions of cases of diarrhea worldwide every year. a convenient and rapid method to identify highly pathogenic serotypes of shigella and e. coli is needed for large-scale epidemiologic study, timely clinical diagnosis, and reliable quarantine of the pathogens. in this study, a dna microarray targeting o-serotype-specific genes was developed to detect 15 serotypes of shigella and e. col ... | 2006 | 17021058 |
| evaluation of the bd phoenix automated microbiology system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae. | we evaluated the accuracy of the bd phoenix system for the identification (id) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of 251 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae representing 31 species. organisms were inoculated onto the phoenix panel according to the manufacturer's instructions. the results from conventional biochemical tests were used for the reference method for id. agar dilution, performed according to the clsi guidelines, was the reference ast method. essential and categorical ... | 2006 | 17021074 |
| outbreaks of multidrug-resistant shigella sonnei gastroenteritis associated with day care centers--kansas, kentucky, and missouri, 2005. | infection with shigella sonnei that is resistant to antibiotics commonly used in pediatric practice has become more common during the past decade. in 2005, kansas, kentucky, and missouri reported increases in shigellosis cases associated with day care centers caused predominantly by multidrug-resistant (mdr) (i.e., resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [tmp/smx]) strains of s. sonnei. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns for isolates from kansas and missouri were ... | 2006 | 17021592 |
| bacterial infections of the small intestine and colon. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae o1, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella species, and shigella species are major causes of morbidity and death in diarrheal disease. more recently recognized pathogens are v. cholerae o139 and enterohemorrhagic e. coli. in addition to this, several presumptive virulence factors have been identified in diarrheagenic e. coli and in other species. to confirm these as virulence factors we need good diagnostic tools and good epidemiological studies. these ... | 1999 | 17023917 |
| foodborne infections. | the role of foodborne infections in the health of the population has become of major concern recently. numerous agents are transmitted in food and water and typically result in acute gastroenteritis, although long-term complications such as reactive arthritis (due to salmonella, yersinia, and shigella organisms), guillain-barré syndrome (due to campylobacter organisms), and renal failure (due to escherichia coli) are now well recognized. the development of foodnet to follow the epidemiology of s ... | 1999 | 17024004 |
| bacterial infections of the small intestine and colon. | bacterial infections of the small and large intestine are widespread and continue to be topics of active research. surveys document the importance of diarrheal disease in many settings. major breakthroughs in the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms (especially the interactions of bacteria and intestinal cells) continue, particularly with respect to shigella, salmonella, yersinia species, and enteropathogenic escherichia coli. pathogenic mechanisms of other bacteria, such as campylobacter and ... | 2000 | 17024009 |
| [the electron microscopic study of cell-to-cell interactions between antagonistic microorganisms]. | the electron microscopic study of thin sections and positively stained specimens of cells taken from particular cocultures of lactobacillus acidophilus d75, lactobacillus casei yit 9018, shigella flexnery 2a, bacillus subtilis atcc 6633, and staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923 (some of these bacteria are antagonistic to others) showed the presence of specific ultrastructural elements indicating cell specialization and cooperation. the responses of antagonistic bacteria manifested themselves at the ... | 2006 | 17025183 |
| identification and characterization of "pathoadaptive mutations" of the cadba operon in several intestinal escherichia coli. | the dysenteric shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) have evolved from commensal e. coli by the acquisition of a virulence plasmid and inactivation of genes of the cad locus encoding lysine decarboxylase (ldc) by so-called pathoadaptive mutation. as horizontal gene transfer and recombination occurs frequently in e. coli we were interested to see if similar pathoadaptive mutations are commonly present in other intestinal pathotypes. therefore, we examined 140 intestinal e. coli ... | 2006 | 17027337 |
| bacterial aetiology of diarrhoea in young children: high prevalence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) not belonging to the classical epec serogroups. | diarrhoeal disease continues to be one of the most common causes of admittance in children hospital emergency. the aim of the present study was to investigate the relative contribution of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec and ehec, respectively) as a cause of infectious bacterial diarrhoea in children from the region of toulouse. we analysed 280 samples of stools from 280 children (<2 years) with diarrhoea admitted in the "hopital des enfants" from january to august 2 ... | 2006 | 17030460 |
| induction of mucosal immune responses by bacteria and bacterial components. | bacteria have well documented abilities to induce protective as well as pathogenic mucosal immune responses, with the type of response dependent on the genetically programmed balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and t-lymphocyte subsets. inflammatory bowel disease, especially crohn disease and periodontal disease, appear to be overly aggressive cellular immune responses to some, but not all, normal resident bacteria. recent evidence suggests that the balance of protective (probiotic) ... | 2001 | 17031218 |
| bacteriocin-like inhibitor substances produced by mexican strains of bacillus thuringiensis. | bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides synthesized and secreted by bacteria and could potentially be used as natural food preservatives. here, we report the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitor substances (bt-blis) by five mexican strains of bacillus thuringiensis. bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni (lbit 269), b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (lbit 287), b. thuringiensis subsp kenyae (lbit 404), b. thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus (lbit 420) and b. thuringiensis subsp. tolworthi (lbit ... | 2007 | 17031616 |
| rna-templated chemistry in cells: discrimination of escherichia, shigella and salmonella bacterial strains with a new two-color fret strategy. | 2006 | 17031884 | |
| bacterial infections of the gut (excluding enteric fever). | bacterial enteric infections are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and many challenges lie ahead in understanding and managing these conditions. clostridium difficile remains the most important nosocomial infection. antibiotic resistance makes the treatment of shigella infections increasingly difficult. molecular and cellular techniques are, however, rapidly expanding our understanding of the complexity of the pathogenesis of established and newly recognized pathogens. | 1998 | 17033424 |