Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| carbohydrates as future anti-adhesion drugs for infectious diseases. | adhesion of pathogenic organisms to host tissues is the prerequisite for the initiation of the majority of infectious diseases. in many systems, it is mediated by lectins present on the surface of the infectious organism that bind to complementary carbohydrates on the surface of the host tissues. lectin-deficient mutants often lack the ability to initiate infection. the bacterial lectins are typically in the form of elongated submicroscopic multi-subunit protein appendages, known as fimbriae (or ... | 2006 | 16564136 |
| [modulation of molecular signaling mechanisms in excitable cells by toxins and bacterial substances]. | the mechanisms of bacterial substances (protein a, peptidoglican staphylococcus aureus), bacterium toxins (st. aureus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, shigella dysenteriae, clostridium botulinum, clostridium tetani, vibrio choleral), transfer factor of immune reactivity to staphylococcus aureus upon the key link (acetylcholine-, atp-, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate-, ryanodin-sensitive receptors, g-proteins, ca2+, k(+)-transporting systems, second messengers) in the chain of signal conduction of excit ... | 2005 | 16566125 |
| prolonged outbreak of giardiasis with two modes of transmission. | large outbreaks of giardiasis caused by person-to-person transmission, or a combination of transmission routes, have not previously been reported. a large, prolonged giardiasis outbreak affected families belonging to a country club in a suburb of boston, massachusetts, during june-december 2003. we conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the source of this outbreak. giardiasis-compatible illness was experienced by 149 (25%) respondents to a questionnaire, and was laboratory confirmed ... | 2006 | 16569269 |
| in vitro antibacterial, antifungal & cytotoxic activity of some isonicotinoylhydrazide schiff's bases and their cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes. | isonicotinoylhydrazide schiff's bases formed by the reaction of substituted and unsubstituted furyl-2-carboxaldehyde and thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde with isoniazid and, their co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, bacillus cereus, corynebac ... | 2006 | 16570512 |
| isolation & antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella from patients with acute gastroenteritis in western nepal. | shigellae play an important role as a causative organism of acute gastroenteritis, which is a global health problem with significant morbidity and mortality in especially in developing countries. this study was carried out to determine the isolation and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of shigella in patients with acute gastroenteritis in western nepal. | 2006 | 16575113 |
| some factors affecting the toxicity of cultures of shigella dysenteriae. | 1942 | 16578056 | |
| [purification and properties of citrobacter freundii phytase]. | phytase (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.3.26) catalyses the stepwise hydrolysis of phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate). phytases are of great commercial importance due to their usage as supplement of food and animal feed, which can cater to nutrition demands and alleviate environmental problems, has been approved by many countries. although acid phytases have been extensively studied, information regarding the phytases from citrobacter is limited. in t ... | 2006 | 16579482 |
| rectal bleeding in infancy: clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination. | rectal bleeding is an alarming symptom and requires additional investigation. in infants it has been explained mainly by hypersensitivity. in addition to dietary antigens, intraluminal microbial agents challenge the immature gut mucosa. although controlled in the mature gut, these antigens may induce inflammation in the developing gastrointestinal tract. the objectives of this study were to evaluate prospectively the clinical course of rectal bleeding and evaluate the impact of cow's milk allerg ... | 2006 | 16585287 |
| rifaximin, a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic, prevents shigellosis after experimental challenge. | this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the nonabsorbed oral antibiotic rifaximin to prevent shigellosis in volunteers challenged with shigella flexneri. | 2006 | 16586388 |
| characteristics of a high frequency of recombination (hfr) strain of salmonella typhosa compatible with salmonella, shigella, and escherichia species. | 1959 | 16590568 | |
| prevalence of shigella species and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in eastern nepal. | the study was conducted to determine the prevalence of shigella species and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in eastern nepal. stool samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory of b.p. koirala institute of health sciences, nepal, during august 2000-july 2004, were cultured for shigella species and were confirmed by biochemical and serological tests. of 53 shigella species isolated, shigella dysenteriae type 1 was the most predominant isolate (73.7%), followed by s. flexneri (23%) and s ... | 2005 | 16599104 |
| the action of photosensitizers and serum in a bactericidal process. ii. the effects of dyes: hypericin, eosin y and saphranine o. | the aim of the present work was to recognize the reasons for differences in the photodynamic action of dyes against various bacterial strains. it is expected that a better understanding of this problem may help in design of new photosensitizers. the sensitivity of 6 various bacterial strains to the photodynamic action of 5 photosensitizers was determined. the hydrophobicity of cell surface and susceptibility of bacteria to the natural defense mechanism of human serum, were estimated. the differe ... | 2005 | 16599305 |
| investigating bacillary dysentery: the role of laboratory, technique and people. | 2006 | 16600682 | |
| pulsenet usa: a five-year update. | pulsenet usa is the molecular surveillance network for foodborne infections in the united states. since its inception in 1996, it has been instrumental in detection, investigation and control of numerous outbreaks caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:[h7] (stec o157), salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, shigella spp., and campylobacter. this paper describes the current status of the network, including the methodologies used and its future possibilities. the currently pr ... | 2006 | 16602975 |
| standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and shigella for pulsenet. | standardized rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) protocols for the subtyping of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella serotypes, and shigella species are described. these protocols are used by laboratories in pulsenet, a network of state and local health departments, and other public health laboratories that perform real-time pfge subtyping of these bacterial foodborne pathogens for surveillance and outbreak investigations. development and standardization of these protocols consisted of ... | 2006 | 16602980 |
| standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli: the pulsenet europe feasibility study. | pulsenet usa, the american molecular subtyping network for foodborne infections, has since 1996 been highly successful combating infections caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157, salmonella, listeria, and shigella spp. the pulsenet europe feasibility study was initiated to ascertain the interest of public health and veterinary reference laboratories to establish a similar network, and to determine if it was possible to perform standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ... | 2006 | 16602982 |
| enteric infections and the vaccines to counter them: future directions. | while it is well-recognized that diarrheal diseases remain the second most frequent cause of mortality among children <60 months of age in the developing world, there is nevertheless a need to obtain more precise mortality and hospitalization burden data in populations living in the world's least developed areas. there is also a glaring need to obtain robust etiology data in relation to the different diarrheal disease clinical syndromes, including serotypes of shigella and antigenic types of ete ... | 2006 | 16603279 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of substituted flavones, 4-thioflavones and 4-iminoflavones. | synthesis of flavones, 4-thioflavones and 4-iminoflavones was carried out with the substitution of variable halogens, methyl, methoxy and nitro groups in the a, b and ab rings of the respective compounds and we also report here their antibacterial activity. most of the synthesized compounds were found to be active against escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, shigella flexnari, salmonella aureus, salmonella typhi and pseudomonas aeruginosa. activity of 4-thioflavones and 4-iminoflavones was found ... | 2006 | 16603364 |
| patients with gastrointestinal complains due to enteric parasites, with reference to entamoeba histolytica/dispar as dected by elisa e. histolytica adhesion in stool. | a total of 210 patients with gastrointestinal troubles, of both sex and a mean age of 32 +/- 6.1 years, selected from the outpatient's clinics of al-azhar university hospitals. 115 (54.76%) had dysentery, 95 (45.23%) did not have dysentery, 15 (14%) suffered flatulence, 20 (9.52%) had epi-gastric pain, 19 (9.05%) had vague abdominal pain, 5 vomiting (5.2%) and 10 (4.9%) had fever. two symptoms were in 29 (13.81%) patients and three symptoms in 12 (5.71%). of the 210 patients, 20 (9.9%) had helmi ... | 2006 | 16605100 |
| human campylobacter-associated enteritis on the caribbean island of barbados. | a longitudinal study of the incidence of campylobacter enteritis in barbados was undertaken from january 2000 to august 2003. diarrheal stools received by the central public health laboratory were cultured for campylobacter. the number of reported campylobacter cases exceeded those of shigella but were less than those of salmonella, and increased steadily with each year. isolates from stools were mainly c. jejuni (63.6%) and c. coli (31.8%). the highest isolation rate was found in children 1-4 y ... | 2006 | 16606996 |
| etiology of diarrheal infections in children of porto velho (rondonia, western amazon region, brazil). | in the present study, 470 children less than 72 months of age and presenting acute diarrhea were examined to identify associated enteropathogenic agents. viruses were the pathogens most frequently found in stools of infants with diarrhea, including 111 cases of rotavirus (23.6% of the total diarrhea cases) and 30 cases of adenovirus (6.3%). the second group was diarrheogenic escherichia coli (86 cases, 18.2%), followed by salmonella sp (44 cases, 9.3%) and shigella sp (24 cases, 5.1%). using the ... | 2006 | 16612474 |
| identification of dominant bacteria in feces and colonic mucosa from healthy spanish adults by culturing and by 16s rdna sequence analysis. | the aim of this work was to examine by culturing the changes in the total and indicator populations of the feces of two individuals over 1 year and to identify the dominant microbial components of a single sample of feces from each donor. populations and dominant bacteria from a sample of colonic mucosa from a further individual were also assessed. the culture results were then compared to those obtained with the same samples by 16s rdna cloning and sequencing. high interindividual variation in ... | 2006 | 16614998 |
| homology modeling and molecular dynamics study of chorismate synthase from shigella flexneri. | shigellosis is a major public health problem in many developing countries. antibiotic therapy can reduce the severity of the dysentery and prevent potentially lethal complication. however, owing to the increased resistance to most of the widely used and inexpensive antibiotics, there is an urgent need for new antibacterial agents, particularly those that act on novel targets. chorismate synthase (cs) is a key enzyme in the shikimic acid pathway, which is essential for the synthesis of aromatic a ... | 2006 | 16616535 |
| preliminary foodnet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 states, united states, 2005. | foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the united states. the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) of cdc's emerging infections program collects data from 10 u.s. states regarding diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food. foodnet quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active, population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed illness. this report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2005 ... | 2006 | 16617286 |
| synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial and anticonvulsant activities of some new 3-[2- (5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl/4-carbethoxymethylthiazol-2-yl) imino-4-thiazolidinon-5-ylidene]-5-substituted/nonsubstituted 1h-indole-2-ones and investigation of their structure-activity relationships. | in the present study, 20 new compounds having 3-[2-(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) imino-4-thiazolidinon-5-ylidene]-5-substituted/nonsubstituted 1h-indole-2-one (i-xii) and 3-[2-(4-carbethoxymethylthiazol-2-yl)imino-4-thiazoldinon-5-ylidenel-5-substituted/nonsubstituted ih-indole-2-one (xiii-xx) systems were synthesized. the structures were confirmed by spectral methods (uv, ir, 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, 13c-dept (135), electron impact mass spectrometry) and elemental analysis. all compounds were tested fo ... | 2006 | 16618017 |
| archaeology and evolution of transfer rna genes in the escherichia coli genome. | transfer rna genes tend to be presented in multiple copies in the genomes of most organisms, from bacteria to eukaryotes. the evolution and genomic structure of trna genes has been a somewhat neglected area of molecular evolution. escherichia coli, the first phylogenetic species for which more than two different strains have been sequenced, provides an invaluable framework to study the evolution of trna genes. in this work, a detailed analysis of the trna structure of the genomes of escherichia ... | 2006 | 16618964 |
| antienterobacterial activity of hemidesmus indicus r. br. root extract. | the antienterobacterial activity of the chloroform and methanol extracts of hemidesmus indicus root was demonstrated using a variety of methods and different enterobacterial strains. although the constituents were similar in the chloroform extract (chi) and the fatty substance separated (me1) from the methanol extract (mhi), me1 was found to be more effective than chi as evident from the disc diffusion method. me1 was found to be more active than mhi, followed by chi. this may be due to the inef ... | 2006 | 16619372 |
| ospe2 of shigella sonnei is required for the maintenance of cell architecture of bacterium-infected cells. | the ospe2 product of shigella spp., the expression of which is regulated by the mxie gene, is secreted through a type iii secretion system into host cells. we investigated the function of ospe2 of shigella sonnei by using cultured epithelial cells. cells invaded by an ospe2 deletion mutant altered their morphology into the rounding shape, which was not due to cell death, whereas cells invaded by the wild-type strain kept their cell shape intact. the ospe2 mutation did not affect initial cell ent ... | 2006 | 16622194 |
| mucosal adjuvant properties of the shigella invasin complex. | the shigella invasin complex (invaplex) is an effective mucosal vaccine capable of protecting against shigella challenge in animal models. the major antigenic constituents of invaplex are the ipa proteins and lipopolysaccharide. the cell-binding capacity of the ipa proteins prompted the investigation into the adjuvanticity of invaplex. using ovalbumin (ova) as a model antigen, intranasal immunization with ova combined with invaplex was found to enhance anti-ova serum immunoglobulin g (igg) and i ... | 2006 | 16622224 |
| a recurring outbreak of shigella sonnei among traditionally observant jewish children in new york city: the risks of daycare and household transmission. | dispersed community outbreaks of shigella sonnei have occurred cyclically among traditionally observant jews in the united states. in february 2000, we investigated a s. sonnei outbreak in one jewish community in new york city. to determine risk factors for introduction of infection into households, we conducted a cohort study of households to compare risk factors for illness among primary subjects within households and age-matched well siblings. isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electr ... | 2006 | 16623986 |
| newly identified bacteriophages carrying the stx2g shiga toxin gene isolated from escherichia coli strains in polluted waters. | shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages are the main vehicle involved in horizontal transmission of stx1 and stx2 genes, which has led to the current spread of stx genes among a high number of escherichia coli serotypes and other enterobacteria. several stx gene variants have been described, although some of the variants have never been isolated from inducible bacteriophages. in this study, two stx2g-carrying bacteriophages induced from two different e. coli o2:h25 strains isolated from different ... | 2006 | 16630267 |
| [the development of irritable bowel syndrome after shigella infection: 3 year follow-up study]. | bacterial gastroenteritis seems to be a risk factor of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). the incidence of post-infectious ibs (pi-ibs) was reported to be in the range of 7-31%, but few studies have reported long term follow-up results. so, we investigated the clinical course and prognosis of pi-ibs three years after shigella infection. | 2006 | 16632982 |
| [application of pulse field gel electrophoresis in molecular typing method on dealing with the outbreak of intestinal pathogen]. | to explore and establish fast and sensitive typing diagnostic methods on intestinal pathogen. | 2006 | 16640911 |
| fast, easy and efficient: site-specific insertion of transgenes into enterobacterial chromosomes using tn7 without need for selection of the insertion event. | inserting transgenes into bacterial chromosomes is generally quite involved, requiring a selection for cells carrying the insertion, usually for drug-resistance, or multiple cumbersome manipulations, or both. several approaches use phage lambda red recombination, which allows for the possibility of mutagenesis of the transgene during a pcr step. | 2006 | 16646962 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among gastroenteritis-causing pathogens recovered in europe and latin america and salmonella isolates recovered from bloodstream infections in north america and latin america: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2003). | gastroenteritis-causing pathogens are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. complicating the clinical diarrhoea syndrome is the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the responsible bacterial pathogens. the reported increases in fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella, shigella and campylobacter have been extremely worrisome considering the primary role of ciprofloxacin as a treatment. in this study, 1479 bacterial isolates from gastroenteritis infections were col ... | 2006 | 16647842 |
| synthesis of hexa- to tridecasaccharides related to shigella dysenteriae type 1 for incorporation in experimental vaccines. | hexa- to tridecasaccharides corresponding to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of the gram-negative bacterium shigella dysenteriae type 1 were synthesized in solution phase. the syntheses utilized tetra-, octa-, and dodecasaccharide intermediates that represent one to three contiguous tetrasaccharide repeating units of the o-sp [synlett2003, 743]. these compounds were glycosylated with mono-, di-, and trisaccharide trichloroacetamidates, which were synthesized in this study. the excellent ste ... | 2006 | 16650395 |
| future directions for research on enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccines for developing countries. | 2006 | 16671213 | |
| direct visualization of red fluorescent lipoproteins indicates conservation of the membrane sorting rules in the family enterobacteriaceae. | chimeras created by fusing the monomeric red fluorescent protein (rfp) to a bacterial lipoprotein signal peptide (liporfps) were visualized in the cell envelope by epifluorescence microscopy. plasmolysis of the bacteria separated the inner and outer membranes, allowing the specific subcellular localization of liporfps to be determined in situ. when equipped with the canonical inner membrane lipoprotein retention signal cdsr, liporfp was located in the inner membrane in escherichia coli, whereas ... | 2006 | 16672606 |
| future needs and directions for shigella vaccines. | 2006 | 16673461 | |
| xylose utilization and short-chain fatty acid production by selected components of the intestinal microflora of a rodent pollinator (aethomys namaquensis). | namaqua rock mice (aethomys namaquensis) consume nectar xylose when visiting protea flowers. whole-animal metabolism studies suggest that the gastrointestinal microflora plays an important role in xylose metabolism in a. namaquensis. we collected caecal contents under anaerobic conditions, cultured caecal microflora both aerobically and anaerobically, and assessed caecal microbial xylose utilization using a (14)c-xylose incubation assay. all four mice sampled hosted culturable caecal micro-organ ... | 2006 | 16676189 |
| antimicrobial activity of 1,2-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]- 1,2-ethanediols, 1,4-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]- 1,2,3,4-butanetetraols and their feiii, cuii, and agi complexes. | 1,2-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl/no2)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols (l1-l4), 1,4-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols (l5-l7) and their complexes with fecl3, cucl2, and agno3 were synthesized; antibacterial activity of the compounds was determined toward staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis, and antifungal activity against candida albicans. the a ... | 2005 | 16681141 |
| antimicrobial activity of znii, cdii, and hgii complexes of 1,2-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols and 1,4-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols. | 1,2-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl/no2)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols (l1-l4), 1,4-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols (l5-l7) and their complexes with zncl2, cdcl2 and hgcl2 were synthesized and antibacterial activity of the compounds was tested toward staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis and antifungal activity against candida albicans. hgii complexes have ... | 2005 | 16681142 |
| the effects of alpha-lactalbumin and glycomacropeptide on the association of caco-2 cells by enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri. | two milk components, alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) and glycomacropeptide (gmp) may inhibit intestinal infection/intoxification. (3)[h] thymidine-labeled enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), salmonella typhimurium (atcc 6994) or shigella flexneri (atcc 9199) were introduced to caco-2 cultures and their association with caco-2 cells was assessed. undigested, pepsin-digested and pepsin- and pancreatin-digested alpha-lactalbumin and glycomacropeptide inhibited association. thus, milk supplemente ... | 2006 | 16684117 |
| the emerging strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 in bangladesh are clonal. | a total of 113 strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 isolated from patients attending the dhaka diarrhoea treatment centre of icddr,b: centre for health and population research during the period 1999-2004 were studied. serotype of the isolates was confirmed using commercially available antisera. except for arabinose fermentation, all the strains had similar biochemical reactions. more than 60% of the strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics; only 6% (n=7) of the strains were resistan ... | 2006 | 16684401 |
| incidence, etiology, and impact of diarrhea among long-term travelers (us military and similar populations): a systematic review. | to determine regional estimates of pathogen-specific prevalence and incidence, as well as, describe morbidity associated with diarrhea among deployed us military and similar populations, a systematic review was conducted for publications between january 1990 to june 2005. point estimates and confidence intervals of pathogen prevalence and travelers' diarrhea incidence were combined in a random effects model and assessed for heterogeneity. in total, 262 studies were identified for potential inclu ... | 2006 | 16687698 |
| [antibiotic resistance, plasmid profile and ribotyping in cuban shigella sonnei strains]. | 2006 | 16688295 | |
| sex and virulence in escherichia coli: an evolutionary perspective. | pathogenic escherichia coli cause over 160 million cases of dysentery and one million deaths per year, whereas non-pathogenic e. coli constitute part of the normal intestinal flora of healthy mammals and birds. the evolutionary pathways underlying this dichotomy in bacterial lifestyle were investigated by multilocus sequence typing of a global collection of isolates. specific pathogen types [enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, enteropathogenic e. coli, enteroinvasive e. coli, k1 and shigella] have arise ... | 2006 | 16689791 |
| anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies in acute appendicitis detected by elisa. | in acute appendicitis the bowel transmissibility of the intestinal flora increases in relation to inflammation and edema formation. we can therefore observe an immunologic response in patients, which is detectable using different bacteria isolated from the normal intestinal flora. our aim was to measure this immunologic reaction and to detect the relationship between this response and histologic types of acute appendicitis. sera from 47 cases, comprising 38 patients suffering from appendicitis a ... | 2006 | 16689825 |
| epidemiology and genetic characterization of shigella flexneri strains isolated from three paediatric populations in egypt (2000-2004). | ninety-seven isolates of shigella flexneri from children seeking medical care from three sites in egypt were characterized. overall, 46.4% of children (median age 17 months) were febrile or reported blood in their stools, 25.8% were dehydrated and 16.5% were admitted to hospital. serotypes 2a (37.1%), 1b (18.6%), 1c (17.5%), and 6 (15.5%) comprised over 88.7% of the total isolates. we observed marked resistance to ampicillin (87.6%), tetracycline (84.5%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.9%) ... | 2006 | 16690004 |
| antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens. | to develop in vitro assays for comparing the antagonistic properties and anti-oxidative activity of probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains against various entero- and urinary pathogens. | 2006 | 16696680 |
| [aeromonas associated with an acute diarrhea outbreak in são bento do una, pernambuco]. | an acute diarrhea outbreak, with 2170 cases, was described during january to july, 2004, in são bento do una, pernambuco. 582 stools were examined and an enteric pathogen was recovered in 25% (145 patients). aeromonas species were the most frequent (114-19.5%) and the main isolates were aeromonas caviae (57-9.8%), aeromonas veronii biovar sobria (23-3.9%), aeromonas veronii biovar veronii (15-2.6%) and other species (19-3.2%). the other isolated enteropathogens were vibrio cholerae o1-ogawa toxi ... | 2006 | 16699653 |
| prevalence and characterization of clostridium perfringens from spices in argentina. | spices can present high microbial counts and clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus, salmonella and shigella, among others have been isolated from spices. c. perfringens is an important pathogen agent causing, among other diseases, enteritis in humans caused by c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) which causes human food poisoning and enterotoxemia in domestic animals. the aims of the present work were (i) to establish the hygienic sanitary quality of some spices in san luis, argentina; (ii) to de ... | 2005 | 16701595 |
| molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 causing dysentery outbreaks in central african republic, 2003-2004. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) represents a particular threat in developing countries because of the severity of the infection and its epidemic potential. antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profiling (pp) of sd1 isolates collected during two dysentery outbreaks (2013 and 445 cases of bloody diarrhoea) in central african republic (car) during the period 2003-2004 were reported. eleven sd1 comparison strains (cs) a ... | 2006 | 16701761 |
| [diarrhoea-causing agents in children aged less than five in tunja, colombia]. | determining the prevalence and type of infectious add-causing agents in a sample of children aged less than five who consulted the ips in tunja during 2004. | 2006 | 16703965 |
| comparison of the virulence plasmid genomes of two strains of shigella which lost the ability to bind congo red. | we determined and analyzed the shigella flexneri serotype 5 (psf5) and s. dysenteriae serotype 1 (psd1) virulence plasmid genomes. the total length of psf5 is 136513 bp, including 165 open reading frames (orfs). of these orfs, 133 were identified and 32 of those had no significant homology to proteins with known functions. the length of psd1 is 182545 bp, including 224 orfs, of which we identified 181. the remaining 43 orfs were not significantly homologous to proteins with known functions. the ... | 2006 | 16704117 |
| comparative genomics reveals what makes an enterobacterial plant pathogen. | the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae contains some of the most devastating human and animal pathogens, including escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and species of yersinia and shigella. these are among the best-studied of any organisms, yet there is much to be learned about the nature and evolution of interactions with their hosts and with the wider environment. comparative and functional genomics have fundamentally improved our understanding of their modes of adaptation to different ecolo ... | 2006 | 16704357 |
| role for erbin in bacterial activation of nod2. | intracellular peptidoglycan (pg) recognition in human cells is mediated by the nacht-lrr proteins nod1 and nod2. elicitation of these proteins by pg motifs released from invasive bacteria triggers signaling events, resulting in the activation of the nf-kappab pathway. in order to decipher the molecular components involved in nod2 signal transduction, we set out to identify new interaction partners of nod2 by using a yeast two-hybrid screen. besides the known interaction partner rip2, the screen ... | 2006 | 16714539 |
| synthesis, a case of isostructural packing, and antimicrobial activity of silver(i)quinoxaline nitrate, silver(i)(2,5-dimethylpyrazine) nitrate and two related silver aminopyridine compounds. | the synthesis and low temperature crystal structures of [ag(quinoxaline)]n(no3)n, 1, [ag(2,5-dimethylpyrazine)(no3)]n, 2 and [ag4(3-aminopyridine)4(no3)4]n 3 are presented. the quinoxaline compound forms a 1d coordination polymer with the characteristic linear 2-coordination figure of silver(i), the n-ag-n angle being 164.2(1) degrees, and only weak silver-nitrate interactions. in addition there is an interaction giving pairs of parallel chains as the main structural theme. the 2,5-dimethylpyraz ... | 2006 | 16718338 |
| iron and pathogenesis of shigella: iron acquisition in the intracellular environment. | shigella species are able to grow in a variety of environments, including intracellularly in host epithelial cells. shigella have a number of different iron transport systems that contribute to their ability to grow in these diverse environments. siderophore iron uptake systems, heme transporters, and ferric and ferrous iron transport systems are present in these bacteria, and the genes encoding some of these systems appear to have spread among the shigella species by horizontal transmission. ir ... | 2006 | 16718602 |
| identification of the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance gene qnrs in salmonella enterica serovar infantis. | a salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolate of avian origin was investigated for the presence of the gene qnrs, its transferability and its association with other resistance genes. | 2006 | 16720566 |
| two frameshift products involved in the transposition of bacterial insertion sequence is629. | is629 is 1,310 bp in length with a pair of 25-bp imperfect inverted repeats at its termini. two partially overlapping open reading frames, orfa and orfb, are present in is629, and two putative translational frameshift signals, ttttg (t4g) and aaaat (a4t), are located near the 3'-end of orfa. with the lacz gene as the reporter, both t4g and a4t motifs are determined to be a -1 frameshift signal. two peptides representing the two transframe products designated orfab' and orfab, are identified by a ... | 2006 | 16731525 |
| macrolide resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | infection with campylobacter jejuni is now considered to be the most common cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. it occurs more frequently than infections caused by salmonella species, shigella species, or escherichia coli o157:h7. although c. jejuni is also recognized for its association with serious post-infection neurological complications, most patients with c. jejuni infections have a self-limited illness. nevertheless, a substantial proportion of these infections a ... | 2006 | 16735431 |
| genome-wide detection and analysis of homologous recombination among sequenced strains of escherichia coli. | comparisons of complete bacterial genomes reveal evidence of lateral transfer of dna across otherwise clonally diverging lineages. some lateral transfer events result in acquisition of novel genomic segments and are easily detected through genome comparison. other more subtle lateral transfers involve homologous recombination events that result in substitution of alleles within conserved genomic regions. this type of event is observed infrequently among distantly related organisms. it is reporte ... | 2006 | 16737554 |
| socioeconomic correlates of antibody levels to enteric pathogens among israeli adolescents. | we examined the association between socioeconomic status and the level of serum antibodies to selected faeco-orally transmitted pathogens among israeli adolescents. random samples of eighty volunteers aged 12-15 years from high (hsl), medium (msl) and low (lsl) standard of living towns were included in the study. serum samples were examined by radioimmunoassay for hav and by in-house-developed elisa systems for iga and igg antibody levels against shigella sonnei, s. flexneri, e. coli o157:h7 lip ... | 2007 | 16740193 |
| improved outcome in shigellosis associated with butyrate induction of an endogenous peptide antibiotic. | shigella is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and growth retardation for children in developing countries. emergence of antibiotic resistance among shigellae demands the development of effective medicines. previous studies found that the endogenous antimicrobial peptide ll-37 is down-regulated in the rectal epithelium of patients during shigellosis and that butyrate up-regulates the expression of ll-37 in colonic epithelial cells in vitro and decreases severity of inflammation in experiment ... | 2006 | 16740661 |
| porin of shigella dysenteriae activates mouse peritoneal macrophage through toll-like receptors 2 and 6 to induce polarized type i response. | porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 coexpressed toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and tlr6 on peritoneal cavity (perc) macrophages (mphi) of c57bl/6 mice implicating that both the tlrs are essential as a combinatorial repertoire to recognize the protein. besides tlrs, mrna for myd88 and traf6, and nuclear translocation of nf-kappab were enhanced that indicate their involvement in tandem in the activity of porin. the protein selectively up-regulated cd80 on the activated mphi together with mhc class ii ... | 2007 | 16750567 |
| antimicrobial and toxicological profile of the new biocide akacid plus. | akacid plus is a new member of the polymeric guanidine family of disinfectants. it was especially developed to enhance the antimicrobial activity of this class with significantly less toxicity. the in vitro activity of akacid plus compared with chlorhexidine digluconate and mupirocin was tested against a total of 369 recent clinical isolates. | 2006 | 16751199 |
| a novel functional t cell hybridoma recognizes macrophage cell death induced by bacteria: a possible role for innate lymphocytes in bacterial infection. | we have established a novel tcralphabeta (tcrvbeta6)(+)cd4(-)cd8(-) t cell hybridoma designated b6ho3. when the b6ho3 cells were cocultured with bacterial-infected j774 macrophage-like cells, ifn-gamma production by b6ho3 cells was triggered through direct cell-cell contact with dying j774 cells infected with listeria monocytogenes (lm), shigella flexneri, or salmonella typhimurium that expressed the type iii secretion system, but not with intact j774 cells infected with heat-killed lm, nonhemol ... | 2006 | 16751404 |
| enucleated l929 mouse fibroblasts support invasion and multiplication of shigella flexneri 5a. | invasive bacteria can induce their own uptake and specify their intracellular localization; hence it is commonly assumed that proximate modulation of host cell transcription is not required for infection. however, bacteria can also modulate, directly or indirectly, the transcription of many host cell genes, whose role in the infection may be difficult to determine by global gene expression. is the host cell nucleus proximately required for intracellular infection and, if so, for which pathogens ... | 2006 | 16751980 |
| inducing endogenous antimicrobial peptides to battle infections. | 2006 | 16754884 | |
| keratitis due to shigella flexneri. | multiresistant shigella flexneri isolates were cultured from the cornea and stool of a girl. genetic analysis showed the isolates were identical. shigella spp. are rare causes of ulcerative keratitis; there have only been 14 published cases since 1943. although prognosis after local treatment is good, shigellosis is a systemic infection, possibly leading to dehydration. | 2006 | 16757643 |
| diarrheal epidemics in dhaka, bangladesh, during three consecutive floods: 1988, 1998, and 2004. | we examined demographic, microbiologic, and clinical data from patients presenting during 1988, 1998, and 2004 flood-associated diarrheal epidemics at a diarrhea treatment hospital in dhaka, bangladesh. compared with non-flood periods, individuals presenting during flood-associated epidemics were older, more severely dehydrated, and of lower socioeconomic status. during flood-associated epidemics, vibrio cholerae was the most commonly identified cause of diarrhea, and the only diarrheal pathogen ... | 2006 | 16760521 |
| defending the epithelium. | 2006 | 16760999 | |
| role of shigella flexneri 2a 34 kda outer membrane protein in induction of protective immune response. | emergence of shigella vaccine is in great need in developing countries. in this paper we have shown that 34 kda shigella flexneri 2a outer membrane protein has a role in eliciting immune responses. when injected parentarally this protein gives significant protection against challenge with virulent shigella flexneri 2a. macrophages activated with the 34 kda protein resulted in the dose dependent production of nitric oxide, the highly reactive free radical responsible for killing of invading bacte ... | 2006 | 16765491 |
| molecular characteristics of class 1 and class 2 integrons and their relationships to antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri. | to analyse the gene cassettes and determine the roles of class 1 and class 2 integrons in antibiotic-resistant strains of shigella sonnei (n=31) and shigella flexneri (n=33). | 2006 | 16766536 |
| molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in shigella sonnei isolates in korea. | the antimicrobial resistance of 122 shigella sonnei isolates obtained in korea during the period 1991-2000 was characterized. these isolates were highly resistant to traditional antibiotics such as trimethoprim (100 %), streptomycin (100 %), sulfamethoxazole (94 %), tetracycline (93 %) and nalidixic acid (90 %). all s. sonnei isolates carried tn7 in their chromosomes. the 8.4 kb non-transferable resistance (r) plasmid carrying teta, stra-strb and sul1 was found in 93 % of the s. sonnei isolates. ... | 2006 | 16772414 |
| [antibiotic resistance rates of shigella species isolated from stool cultures in the years 1999-2003]. | in this study, species distribution, seasonal isolation rates and antibiotic susceptibilitiy patterns of 115 shigella spp, isolated from 5396 stool samples in our microbiology laboratory between 1999 and 2003, were investigated. of the isolates, 96 (83.5%) were s. sonnei, 15 (13%) were s. flexneri, 3 (2.6%) were s. dysenteriae and 1 (1.9%) was s. boydii. maximum isolation rates were observed at summer and fall seasons, especially in august, september and november (24%, 40%, 17%, respectively). t ... | 2006 | 16775951 |
| biofilm formation in an ice cream plant. | the sites of biofilm formation in an ice cream plant were investigated by sampling both the production line and the environment. experiments were carried out twice within a 20-day period. first, stainless steel coupons were fixed to surfaces adjacent to food contact surfaces, the floor drains and the doormat. they were taken for the analysis of biofilm at three different production stages. then, biofilm forming bacteria were enumerated and also presence of listeria monocytogenes was monitored. b ... | 2006 | 16779628 |
| [functional analysis of icsb protein secreted via the type iii secretion system of shigella]. | 2006 | 16780119 | |
| function and distribution of espg2, a type iii secretion system effector of enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | the enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) effector protein espg, like the shigella effector vira, functions through disruption of the host cell microtubule network. reports have differed as to whether the espg homologue, espg2, is also responsible for microtubule disruption. in this study we show that following translocation, espg2 and vira are localised under adherent bacteria and able to restore the microtubule disruption phenotype to an espg/espg2 double epec mutant. the espg/espg2 double ... | 2006 | 16781180 |
| differential killing activity of cetylpyridinium chloride with or without bacto neutralizing buffer quench against firmly adhered salmonella gaminara and shigella sonnei on cut lettuce stored at 4 degrees c. | cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) activity was quenched with bacto neutralizing buffer on inoculated cut iceberg lettuce. this protocol permitted comparison of the numbers of salmonella gaminara- or shigella sonnei-inoculated cells on lettuce that survived 1 min of cpc treatment. cut lettuce was inoculated with about 6 log of salmonella or 9 log of shigella and stored in whirl-pak bags at 4 degrees c for up to 4 days. loosely adhered pathogen cells were washed off before cpc treatment. firmly adher ... | 2006 | 16786847 |
| plasticity of the p junc promoter of isec11, a new insertion sequence of the is1111 family. | we describe identification and functional characterization of isec11, a new insertion sequence that is widespread in enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), in which it is always present on the virulence plasmid (pinv) and very frequently also present on the chromosome. isec11 is flanked by subterminal 13-bp inverted repeats (irs) and is bounded by 3-bp terminal sequences, and it transposes with target specificity without generating duplication of the target site. isec11 is characterized by an atypical t ... | 2006 | 16788177 |
| polar localization of the autotransporter family of large bacterial virulence proteins. | autotransporters are an extensive family of large secreted virulence-associated proteins of gram-negative bacteria. secretion of such large proteins poses unique challenges to bacteria. we demonstrate that autotransporters from a wide variety of rod-shaped pathogens, including icsa and sepa of shigella flexneri, aida-i of diffusely adherent escherichia coli, and brka of bordetella pertussis, are localized to the bacterial pole. the restriction of autotransporters to the pole is dependent on the ... | 2006 | 16788193 |
| antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of some sulfonamide-derived chromones. | a series of antibacterial and antifungal sulfonamide (sulfanilamide, sulfaguanidine, sulfamethaxozole, 4-aminoethylbenzene-sulfonamide and 4-amino-6-trifluoromethyl-benzene-1,3-disulfonamide) derived chromones, previously reported as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase, have been screened for in-vitro antibacterial activity against four gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi and shigella flexener) and two gram-positive (bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus) ... | 2006 | 16789431 |
| antibacterial cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes of mercaptothiadiazole--derived furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, salicylyl and pyridinyl schiff bases. | a series of co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii) complexes of mercaptothiadiazole-derived furanyl, thienyl, pyrrorlyl, salicylyl and pyridinyl schiff bases were synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four gram-negative, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi and shigella fexneri, and two gram-positive; bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureous bacterial strains. the results of these studies show the metal complexes to be ... | 2006 | 16789433 |
| aetiology of diarrhoea in a birth cohort of children aged 0-2 year(s) in rural mirzapur, bangladesh. | the incidence of aetiology-specific diarrhoea and the pathogenicity of infectious agents in a birth cohort (n=252) in rural bangladesh were determined. stool specimens or rectal swabs were collected from diarrhoeal cases over two years and routinely on a monthly basis. stool samples from children with diarrhoea were compared with stool samples from children without diarrhoea to calculate rates of isolation and pathogenicity of agents. in total, 1750 stool specimens from diarrhoea patients and 56 ... | 2006 | 16796147 |
| myopericarditis in a patient with campylobacter enteritis: a case report and literature review. | myocarditis sometimes occurs as a complication of bacterial infection, including enteric infections caused by salmonella, shigella and yersinia. only a few cases of campylobacter-associated myocarditis are known. we describe a 47-y-old patient with myopericarditis in association with campylobacter spp. enteritis, and review similar cases previously described in the english literature. | 2006 | 16798711 |
| glycolipids from the red alga chondria armata (kutz.) okamura. | three distinct fractions containing polar glycolipids (pf(1-3)) were isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of crude methanolic extract of red alga chondria armata (kütz.) okamura on gel chromatography over sephadex lh20. their structure was elucidated by multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) techniques like 1h, 1h correlation spectroscopy (cosy), 1h, 1h total cosy (tocsy), 1h, 13c heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (hmqc), and 1h, 13c heteronuclear multiple bond correla ... | 2006 | 16799167 |
| shigella sonnei outbreak due to consumption of unpasteurised milk curds in vilnius, lithuania, 2004. | 2005 | 16799218 | |
| a periplasmic glutamate/aspartate binding protein from shigella flexneri: gene cloning, over-expression, purification and preliminary crystallographic studies of the recombinant protein. | periplasmic substrate binding proteins (psbps) are essential components of the bacterial periplasmic transport system, which transports a wide variety of nutrients from the periplasmic space to the cytoplasm. the glutamate/aspartate binding protein sfglu/aspbp is a unique psbp consisting of 279 amino acid residues. the sfglu/aspbp gene was cloned, over-expressed, and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. the recombinant protein sfglu/aspbp h ... | 2006 | 16800808 |
| interaction between enteric epithelial cells and peyer's patch lymphocytes in response to shigella lipopolysaccharide: effect on nitric oxide and il-6 release. | to investigate the effect of interaction between enteric epithelial cells and lymphocytes of peyer's patch on the release of nitric oxide (no) and il-6 in response to shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps). | 2006 | 16804978 |
| post-natal development of the porcine microbiota composition and activities. | the current study describes the development of the porcine microbiota and its metabolic activities during the neonatal and weaning period. using 16s rrna-based approaches, we first analysed the ileal and colonic microbiota of neonatal piglets at days 2, 5 and 12 after birth. to further investigate the effect of weaning at 3 weeks of age, 19-day-old piglets (n = 64) were randomly allocated into two groups. half of the piglets remained with their sows throughout the study, while the remaining pigl ... | 2006 | 16817927 |
| comparison of the concentrations of phenolic compounds in olive oils and other plant oils: correlation with antimicrobial activity. | the antimicrobial activity of different edible vegetable oils was studied. in vitro results revealed that the oils from olive fruits had a strong bactericidal action against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, this effect being higher in general against gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. thus, olive oils showed bactericidal activity not only against harmful bacteria of the intestinal microbiota (clostridium perfringens and escherichia coli) also against beneficial microorganisms such as ... | 2006 | 16819902 |
| cladophora (chlorophyta) spp. harbor human bacterial pathogens in nearshore water of lake michigan. | cladophora glomerata, a macrophytic green alga, is commonly found in the great lakes, and significant accumulations occur along shorelines during the summer months. recently, cladophora has been shown to harbor high densities of the fecal indicator bacteria escherichia coli and enterococci. cladophora may also harbor human pathogens; however, until now, no studies to address this question have been performed. in the present study, we determined whether attached cladophora, obtained from the lake ... | 2006 | 16820442 |
| the caenorhabditis elegans abl-1 tyrosine kinase is required for shigella flexneri pathogenesis. | shigellosis is a diarrheal disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium shigella flexneri. following ingestion of the bacterium, s. flexneri interferes with innate immunity, establishes an infection within the human colon, and initiates an inflammatory response that results in destruction of the tissue lining the gut. examination of host cell factors required for s. flexneri pathogenesis in vivo has proven difficult due to limited host susceptibility. here we report the development of a pathoge ... | 2006 | 16820504 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a large subunit of salmonella typhimurium glutamate synthase (gogat) gene in escherichia coli. | two pathways of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis have been identified in microorganisms. one pathway involves the nadp-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the amination of 2-oxoglutarate to form glutamate. an alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase, which aminates glutamate to form glutamine, and glutamate synthase, which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate. we have cloned th ... | 2006 | 16820760 |
| surveillance of bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrheal disease in the republic of korea during one year, 2003. | an epidemiological survey of human enterobacterial infections was conducted to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens in the republic of korea during one year, 2003. we tested for infectious diseases in 26,992 stool samples obtained from people who visited clinics located in six big cities and six rural provinces. from these samples, we isolated 1,291 cases of enteritis bacterial infection (4.8%). in the urban areas, 821 cases of bacterial infection (6.4%) were identified and, in the rural ... | 2006 | 16820763 |
| comparison of antagonistic ability against enteropathogens by g+ and g- anaerobic dominant components of human fecal microbiota. | to confirm if anaerobic g+-components are those responsible for the function of colonization resistance, obligate anaerobic g+- and g- -bacteria from normal dominant microbiota of human feces were isolated from three successive collections and then used in in vitro assays for antagonism against two enteropathogenic bacteria. the production of inhibitory diffusible compounds was determined on supplemented bhi agar and mrs agar media for g- - and g+-bacteria, respectively. salmonella enterica subs ... | 2006 | 16821725 |
| nutritive value, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of struchium sparganophora leaves. | struchium sparganophora leaf is a green leafy vegetable popularly used in soup preparations in processed and unprocessed forms in nigeria. fresh leaves of s. sparganophora were soaked overnight to remove its bitterness, before determination of the nutrient and antinutrient content, while sun-dried s. sparganophora leaves were extracted with rectified spirit. the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracts were subsequently determined. the result of the study revealed that the fresh ... | 2006 | 16822216 |
| complete genome sequence of shigella flexneri 5b and comparison with shigella flexneri 2a. | shigella bacteria cause dysentery, which remains a significant threat to public health. shigella flexneri is the most common species in both developing and developed countries. five shigella genomes have been sequenced, revealing dynamic and diverse features. to investigate the intra-species diversity of s. flexneri genomes further, we have sequenced the complete genome of s. flexneri 5b strain 8401 (abbreviated sf8401) and compared it with s. flexneri 2a (sf301). | 2006 | 16822325 |