Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| identification of the plasmid and the structural gene of colicin type 7 of shigella sonnei. | shigella sonnei colicin 7 (scol7) is a unique bacteriocin acting only on certain dysentery-causing bacteria, like enteroinvasive escherichia coli, s. sonnei or s. boydii. we identified a 4.2 md plasmid (pscol7) conferring scol7 production to the transformants. the entire plasmid was sequenced (gene bank accession number aj318075) and the structure gene of scol7 production (sc7a) was identified. analyzing the sequence of the plasmid revealed extensive homology to other colicin plasmids, particula ... | 2005 | 16196210 |
| abl kinases regulate actin comet tail elongation via an n-wasp-dependent pathway. | microbial pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to modulate the host cell cytoskeleton to achieve a productive infection and have proven instrumental for unraveling the molecular machinery that regulates actin polymerization. here we uncover a mechanism for shigella flexneri-induced actin comet tail elongation that links abl family kinases to n-wasp-dependent actin polymerization. we show that the abl kinases are required for shigella actin comet tail formation, maximal intracellular motilit ... | 2005 | 16199863 |
| emergence of quinolone-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in canada. | 2005 | 16200675 | |
| frequency of yersinia species infection in paediatric acute diarrhoea in tehran. | this study determined the frequency of yersinia enterocolitica infection in 300 children with acute diarrhoea aged 0-12 years who were attending a paediatric hospital in tehran. over the 5-month study (may-september 2002), yersinia species and other organisms were cultured and serotyped from stool samples or swabs. yersinia spp. were found in 8 cases (2.7%). enteropathogenic escherichia coli was isolated in 5.7% of cases, shigella spp. in 3.0% and salmonella spp. in 2.0%. none of the y. enteroco ... | 2004 | 16201721 |
| in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of some coumarins and their metal complexes. | a series of new antibacterial and antifungal coumarin-derived compounds and their transition metal complexes [cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii)] have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, bacillus cereus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes bacterial strains ... | 2005 | 16206827 |
| antibacterial and wound healing properties of methanolic extracts of some nigerian medicinal plants. | this study was conducted to evaluate methanolic extracts of ageratum conyzoides, anthocleista djalonensis, napoleona imperialis, ocimum gratissimum, and psidium guajava for antibacterial and wound healing properties. antibacterial properties of the extracts were studied against eleven wound isolates (staphylococcus aureus (four strains), e. coli (two strains), pseudomonas aeruginosa (one strain), proteus spp. (three strains), and shigella spp. (one strain)) using the well diffusion method. wound ... | 2006 | 16226414 |
| the needle component of the type iii secreton of shigella regulates the activity of the secretion apparatus. | gram-negative bacteria commonly interact with eukaryotic host cells by using type iii secretion systems (ttsss or secretons). ttsss serve to transfer bacterial proteins into host cells. two translocators, ipab and ipac, are first inserted with the aid of ipad by shigella into the host cell membrane. then at least two supplementary effectors of cell invasion, ipaa and ipgd, are transferred into the host cytoplasm. how ttsss are induced to secrete is unknown, but their activation appears to requir ... | 2005 | 16227202 |
| the epidemiology of travel-associated shigellosis--regional risks, seasonality and serogroups. | to give a detailed risk estimate of contracting travel-associated shigellosis in various regions of the world. | 2005 | 16230220 |
| the "domino theory" of gene death: gradual and mass gene extinction events in three lineages of obligate symbiotic bacterial pathogens. | during the adaptation of an organism to a parasitic lifestyle, various gene functions may be rendered superfluous due to the fact that the host may supply these needs. as a consequence, obligate symbiotic bacterial pathogens tend to undergo reductive genomic evolution through gene death (nonfunctionalization or pseudogenization) and deletion. here, we examine the evolutionary sequence of gene-death events during the process of genome miniaturization in three bacterial species that have experienc ... | 2006 | 16237210 |
| the burden of diarrhoea, shigellosis, and cholera in north jakarta, indonesia: findings from 24 months surveillance. | in preparation of vaccines trials to estimate protection against shigellosis and cholera we conducted a two-year community-based surveillance study in an impoverished area of north jakarta which provided updated information on the disease burden in the area. | 2005 | 16242013 |
| functional effects of japanese style fermented soy sauce (shoyu) and its components. | the functional effects of japanese style fermented soy sauce (shoyu) have been studied. soy sauce promotes digestion, because the consumption of a cup of clear soup containing soy sauce enhances gastric juice secretion in humans. soy sauce possesses antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, shigella flexneri, vibrio cholera, salmonella enteritidis, nonpathogenic escherichia coli and pathogenic e. coli o157:h7. soy sauce also contains an antihypertensive component. an ... | 2005 | 16243270 |
| helical packing of needles from functionally altered shigella type iii secretion systems. | gram-negative bacteria commonly interact with eukaryotic host cells using type iii secretion systems (ttsss or secretons), which comprise cytoplasmic, transmembrane and extracellular domains. the extracellular domain is a hollow needle-like structure protruding 60 nm beyond the bacterial surface. the ttss is activated to transfer bacterial proteins directly into a host cell only upon physical contact with the target cell. we showed previously that the monomer of the shigella flexneri needle, mxi ... | 2005 | 16243352 |
| shigella spa33 is an essential c-ring component of type iii secretion machinery. | type iii secretion machinery (ttsm), composed of a needle, a basal body, and a c-ring compartment, delivers a subset of effectors into host cells. here, we show that shigella spa33 is an essential component of the c-ring compartment involved in mediating the transit of various ttsm-associated translocated proteins. electron microscopic analysis and pull-down assay revealed spa33 to be localized beneath the ttsm via interaction with mxig and mxij (basal body components). spa33 is also capable of ... | 2006 | 16246841 |
| comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of s. dysenteriae subgroup. | genomic compositions of representatives of thirteen s. dysenteriae serotypes were investigated by performing comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) with microarray containing the whole genomic orfs (open reading frames, orfs) of e. coli k12 strain mg1655 and specific orfs of s. dysenteriae a1 strain sd51197. the cgh results indicated the genomes of the serotypes contain 2654 conserved orfs originating from e. coli. however, 219 intrinsic genes of e. coli including those prophage genes, molecula ... | 2005 | 16248434 |
| toward a better understanding of the basis of the molecular mimicry of polysaccharide antigens by peptides: the example of shigella flexneri 5a. | protein conjugates of oligosaccharides or peptides that mimic complex bacterial polysaccharide antigens represent alternatives to the classical polysaccharide-based conjugate vaccines developed so far. hence, a better understanding of the molecular basis ensuring appropriate mimicry is required in order to design efficient carbohydrate mimic-based vaccines. this study focuses on the following two unrelated sets of mimics of the shigella flexneri 5a o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp): (i) a synthet ... | 2006 | 16251186 |
| risk factors for mortality due to shigellosis: a case-control study among severely-malnourished children in bangladesh. | to determine the risk factors for death of severely-malnourished bangladeshi children with shigellosis, a case-control study was conducted at the clinical research and service centre of icddr,b: centre for health and population research in dhaka, bangladesh. one hundred severely-malnourished children (weight-for-age <60% of median of the national center for health statistics), with a positive stool culture for shigella dysenteriae type 1 or s. flexneri, who died during hospitalization, were comp ... | 2005 | 16262023 |
| the mreb and min cytoskeletal-like systems play independent roles in prokaryotic polar differentiation. | establishment of an axis of cell polarity and differentiation of the cell poles are fundamental aspects of cellular development in many organisms. we compared the effects of two bacterial cytoskeletal-like systems, the mreb and mincde systems, on these processes in escherichia coli. we report that the min proteins are capable of establishing an axis of oscillation that is the initial step in establishment of polarity in spherical cells, in a process that is independent of the mreb cytoskeleton. ... | 2005 | 16262780 |
| construction of prophylactic human papillomavirus type 16 l1 capsid protein vaccine delivered by live attenuated shigella flexneri strain sh42. | to express human papillomavirus (hpv) l1 capsid protein in the recombinant strain of shigella and study the potential of a live attenuated shigella-based hpv prophylactic vaccine in preventing hpv infection, the icsa/virg fragment of shigella-based prokaryotic expression plasmid phs3199 was constructed. hpv type 16 l1 (hpv16l1) gene was inserted into plasmid phs3199 to form the phs3199-hpv16l1 construct, and phs3199-hpv16l1 was electroporated into a live attenuated shigella strain sh42. western ... | 2005 | 16270153 |
| shigella flexneri perinephric abscess and bacteremia. | 2005 | 16270768 | |
| peptidoglycan degradation by specialized lytic transglycosylases associated with type iii and type iv secretion systems. | specialized lytic transglycosylases are muramidases capable of locally degrading the peptidoglycan meshwork of gram-negative bacteria. specialized lytic transglycosylase genes are present in clusters encoding diverse macromolecular transport systems. this paper reports the analysis of selected members of the specialized lytic transglycosylase family from type iii and type iv secretion systems. these proteins were analysed in vivo by assaying their ability to complement the dna transfer defect of ... | 2005 | 16272370 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial action of tea: the commonest beverage of asia. | the methanolic extract of leaves of camellia sinensis (l) o. kuntze was screened for antimicrobial property against 111 bacteria comprising 2 genera of gram positive and 7 genera of gram negative bacteria. most of these strains were inhibited by the compound at 10-50 microg/ml level and few strains were sensitive even at lower concentrations (5 microg/ml). the bacteria could be arranged in the decreasing order of sensitivity towards the compound in the following manner: staphylococcus aureus, vi ... | 2005 | 16272702 |
| preparation of monoclonal antibody and development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for escherichia coli o157 in foods. | to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mab) and antisera specific for escherichia coli (e. coli) o157, and to develop a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect e. coli o157 in foods. | 2005 | 16274107 |
| species diversity and antimicrobial resistance of shigella spp. isolated between 2001 and 2004 from hospitalized children with diarrhoea in kolkata (calcutta), india. | the incidence, phenotypic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance patterns of 193 shigella strains isolated from 2489 hospitalized children with acute diarrhoea were studied during january 2001 to august 2004. s. flexneri (60%) was the most prevalent serogroup, followed by s. sonnei (23.8%), s. dysenteriae (9.8%) and s. boydii (5.7%). since 2002, s. flexneri 2a was the most dominant serotype. almost all s. flexneri strains exhibited resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, na ... | 2005 | 16274506 |
| genome dynamics and diversity of shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery. | the shigella bacteria cause bacillary dysentery, which remains a significant threat to public health. the genus status and species classification appear no longer valid, as compelling evidence indicates that shigella, as well as enteroinvasive escherichia coli, are derived from multiple origins of e.coli and form a single pathovar. nevertheless, shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 causes deadly epidemics but shigella boydii is restricted to the indian subcontinent, while shigella flexneri and shigel ... | 2005 | 16275786 |
| [study on gene knockout using red system in shigella flexneri]. | the technology of gene knockout using lambda red system in bacteria has been developed lately, but its application being limited to esherichia coli. in order to get some experiences in other bacteria we select four genes, including alka, wcaj, yphf and dam, to test gene knockout using red system in e. coli and shigella. as a result, three genes were successfully knocked out in e. coli except dam while only alka gene was knocked out in shigella. it showed that the red system should be improved if ... | 2003 | 16276895 |
| [cloning of ipab gene from shigella flexneri and its expression in yeast cell]. | ipab gene amplified from s. flexneri 2a by pcr was cloned into pgbkt7 vector (named pgbkt-ipab) and sequencing indicated that the amino encoded by the cloned gene was the same as the reported; the recombination plasmid pgbkt-ipab was transformed into the yeast strain ah109, in which the fusion expression of ipab was analyzed with sds-page and western blotting. this provided the basis for screening the interacting protein with ipab by two hybrid system and understanding the function of ipab in th ... | 2003 | 16279212 |
| molecular markers for detection of pathogenic escherichia coli strains belonging to serogroups o 138 and o 139. | escherichia coli strains belonging to o-serogroup 138 and 139 are important as disease agents in pigs causing post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease. several types of shiga toxin-producing o 138 and o 139 strains were isolated from diarrheic humans and from cattle and food of bovine origin. serotyping is the current method for detection of o 138 and o 139 strains but its applicability can be limited due to the presence of capsules and capsular-like bacterial surface antigens and in the case of ... | 2005 | 16280204 |
| immunoproteomics of outer membrane proteins and extracellular proteins of shigella flexneri 2a 2457t. | shigella flexneri 2a is an important pathogen causing bacillary dysentery in humans. in order to investigate any potential vaccine candidate proteins present in outer membrane proteins (omps) and extracellular proteins of s. flexneri 2a 2457t, we use the proteome mapping and database analyzing techniques. a subproteome map and database of omps were established first. one hundred and nine of the total 126 marked spots were cut out and processed to maldi-tof-ms and pmf. eighty-seven spots were ide ... | 2005 | 16281178 |
| late detection of a shigellosis outbreak in a school in madrid. | even though shigellosis in spain is rare, an indigenous outbreak is occasionally detected. we describe an outbreak in a school in madrid caused by person-to-person transmission of shigella sonnei. after the detection of shigella sonnei in a stool sample from a 3 year old girl, an investigation at her school was initiated. questionnaires were distributed to the parents of 520 pupils attending the school. a case was defined as a school case if it was the first case in a child's household, and as a ... | 2005 | 16282643 |
| estimating the burden of shigellosis in thailand: 36-month population-based surveillance study. | to estimate incidence of shigellosis in the kaengkhoi district, saraburi province, thailand. | 2005 | 16283050 |
| detection of intra-familial transmission of shigella infection using conventional serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is commonly used in molecular epidemiology. however, this technique has never been used in studying intra-family spread of enteric diseases in bangladesh. our objective was to evaluate the intra-familial transmission of shigella infection using pfge. children of either sex, less than 10 years old, who were family contacts of shigella-infected index cases were the study population. pfge was applied if the same serotypes/sub-serotypes of shigella were isolat ... | 2006 | 16288683 |
| carriage by the housefly (musca domestica) of multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans, in hospital and other urban environments in misurata, libya. | using standard microbiological procedures, bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans were isolated from 150 houseflies collected in the libyan city of misurata (50 flies each from the central hospital, streets and abattoir). salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica and edwardsiella tarda were isolated from flies collected on the streets and in the abattoir but not from those collected in the hospital. shigella sonnei was detected in just one fly, which was collected in the abattoir. of ... | 2005 | 16297293 |
| shigella and salmonella: death as a means of survival. | shigella and salmonella kill host cells and trigger inflammatory responses by mechanisms that are not fully understood. the goal of this review is to reevaluate key observations reported over the past 15 years and, whenever possible, to provide a chronological perspective as to how our understanding of the pathways by which shigella and salmonella kill host cells has evolved. | 2006 | 16297650 |
| identification of core and variable components of the salmonella enterica subspecies i genome by microarray. | we have performed microarray hybridization studies on 40 clinical isolates from 12 common serovars within salmonella enterica subspecies i to identify the conserved chromosomal gene pool. we were able to separate the core invariant portion of the genome by a novel mathematical approach using a decision tree based on genes ranked by increasing variance. all genes within the core component were confirmed using available sequence and microarray information for s. enterica subspecies i strains. the ... | 2005 | 16299280 |
| community-based safety, immunogenicity, and transmissibility study of the shigella sonnei wrss1 vaccine in israeli volunteers. | we describe the first community-based evaluation of shigella sonnei strain wrss1, a live, oral candidate vaccine attenuated by a 212-bp deletion in the virg (or icsa) plasmid virulence gene. three single-dose regimens of wrss1 (5 x 10(3) cfu, 2 x 10(4) cfu, and 4 x 10(5) cfu) were tested with cohorts of 15 adult volunteers. the vaccine was generally well tolerated at the 10(3)- and 10(4)-cfu doses. there were no fevers and there was one report of moderate diarrhea in 30 vaccinees; five additiona ... | 2005 | 16299296 |
| shiga toxin 2 and lipopolysaccharide induce human microvascular endothelial cells to release chemokines and factors that stimulate platelet function. | shiga toxins (stxs) produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli are the most common cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). it is well established that vascular endothelial cells, mainly those located in the renal microvasculature, are targets for stxs. the aim of the present research was to evaluate whether e. coli-derived shiga toxin 2 (stx2) incubated with human microvascular endothelial cells (hmec-1) induces release of chemokines and other factors that m ... | 2005 | 16299328 |
| flashlights on bacterial virulence proteins. | 2005 | 16299473 | |
| secretion of type iii effectors into host cells in real time. | type iii secretion (t3s) systems are key features of many gram-negative bacteria that translocate t3s effector proteins directly into eukaryotic cells. there, t3s effectors exert many effects, such as cellular invasion or modulation of host immune responses. studying spatiotemporal orchestrated secretion of various effectors has been difficult without disrupting their functions. here we developed a new approach using shigella flexneri t3s as a model to investigate bacterial translocation of indi ... | 2005 | 16299482 |
| ready-to-eat shrimp as an international vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in foods of animal origin is a potential health threat because resistance can be transferred among bacteria, and antibiotic-resistant pathogens may not respond to antibiotic treatments. thirteen brands of ready-to-eat shrimp representing four countries of origin were obtained from local grocery stores. total heterotrophic plate counts were determined, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria were isolated. total heterotrophic colony counts ranged from 3.3 ... | 2005 | 16300079 |
| pneumonia complicating shigella sonnei dysentery in an hiv-infected adult male. | an hiv-1-infected adult presented with a short history of dyspnoea, productive cough and myalgia with fever. shortly after presentation, he developed the abrupt onset of high-volume watery diarrhoea: stool culture grew shigella sonnei. at the same time, he became hypoxaemic, and thoracic imaging showed bilateral lower lobe consolidation/collapse. culture of sputum and blood was negative. the patient recovered with fluid resuscitation and ciprofloxacin monotherapy. this is the first reported case ... | 2005 | 16303074 |
| purification and preliminary crystallographic studies of cutc, a novel copper homeostasis protein from shigella flexneri. | cutc is a novel copper homeostasis protein containing 248 amino acids. here we report the cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of cutc from shigella flexneri 2a. purification of cutc and its selenomethionine (semet) derivate were done using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. the purified proteins were crystallized using the hanging drop vapor diffusion method. the diffraction ... | 2005 | 16305556 |
| analysis of the mechanisms of resistance to several antimicrobial agents in shigella spp. causing travellers' diarrhoea. | eighty isolates of shigella spp. (37 shigella flexneri and 43 shigella sonnei) from patients with travellers' diarrhoea were studied. susceptibility tests revealed high levels of resistance, especially to ampicillin (65%), tetracycline (78%) and trimethoprim (75%), and particularly among the s. flexneri isolates. dihydrofolate reductase 1 genes (dfra1) were prevalent among the trimethoprim-resistant isolates, while oxa genes predominated among the ampicillin-resistant isolates. chloramphenicol r ... | 2005 | 16307563 |
| [significance of determination of shigella antibiotic resistance in bacteriological diagnosis of dysentery]. | the results of the shigella antibiotic susceptibility assay within 1995-2002 are presented. 1472 cultures from 1158 patients with intestinal infections and bacteria carriers were isolated. the isolates were tested for their susceptibility to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, ampicillin and ofloxacin. it was shown that s. flexneri and s. sonnei were resistant to tetracycline. the s. flexneri isolates were highly resistant to chloramphenicol (73.3 to 96.0%) while resistance to ... | 2005 | 16308937 |
| etiology of childhood diarrhea in zliten, libya. | to determine the etiological agents of diarrhea in children from a small semi-urban city in libya and the association of age, gender, seasonal variation, breast-feeding, source of water for drinking, or antibiotic use with the isolation of enteropathogens and whether such agents are community or hospital acquired. | 2005 | 16311662 |
| fur regulates acid resistance in shigella flexneri via ryhb and ydep. | shigella flexneri requires iron for survival, and the genes for iron uptake and homeostasis are regulated by the fur protein. microarrays were used to identify genes regulated by fur and to study the physiological effects of iron availability in s. flexneri. these assays showed that the expression of genes involved in iron acquisition and acid response was induced by low-iron availability and by inactivation of fur. a fur null mutant was acid sensitive in media at ph 2.5, and acid sensitivity wa ... | 2005 | 16313621 |
| [changing patterns of communicable diseases in korea]. | before twentieth centuries and during early twentieth centuries, communicable diseases were the major cause of morbidity and mortality in korea. but reliable data are not available. after 1975, the overall morbidity and mortality from communicable diseases, rapidly declined. recently many new pathogenic microbes were recognized: l. monocytogenes, hantaan virus, y. pseudotuberculosis, p. multocida, l. pneumophilia, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), g. seoi, h. capsulatum, c. burnetii, v. choler ... | 2005 | 16315747 |
| [epidemiologic investigation on sporadic occurrence of shigellosis in a subcounty of cheongwon county in chungbuk province in 2003]. | this study was undertaken to investigate the source of infection and mode of transmission of shigellosis, which occurred sporadically among residents and students in a subcounty of cheongwon county, chungbuk province, korea, from june 4 to july 3 2003. | 2005 | 16315756 |
| [epidemiologic investigation on an outbreak of shigellosis in seongju-gun, korea, 2003]. | an outbreak of shigellosis occurred among students and staff of s primary and middle school, seongju-gun, in 2003. this investigation was carried out to institute an effective counterplan, and study the infection source and transmission of the shigellosis. | 2005 | 16315757 |
| detection of cryptosporidium in immunosuppressed patients. | cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrhoeal disease in children and immunosuppressed persons. it is an opportunistic pathogen. a study was done to determine the frequency of cryptosporidium in immunosuppressed persons. | 2005 | 16320794 |
| use of ramification amplification assay for detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 and other e. coli shiga toxin-producing strains. | escherichia coli o157:h7 and other shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) strains are important human pathogens that are mainly transmitted through the food chain. these pathogens have a low infectious dose and may cause life-threatening illnesses. however, detection of this microorganism in contaminated food or a patient's stool specimens presents a diagnostic challenge because of the low copy number in the sample. often, a more sensitive nucleic acid amplification method, such as pcr, is require ... | 2005 | 16333102 |
| in-vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes of the antibiotic drug cephalothin (keflin). | keflin (kefl) interacts with co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) metal ions leading to complexes of the type m(kefl)2cl2 and m(kefl)cl2, which have been characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. magnetic moment, ir, electronic spectral and elemental analyses data suggest that keflin behaves tridentately forming octahedral or trigonal bipyramidal complexes with the metal ions mentioned above. the new compounds have been screened in-vitro for antibacterial and cytotoxic activity ag ... | 2005 | 16335054 |
| [construction and characterization of a live attenuated shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strain, sf301 delta virg and dsba33g]. | construction and characterization of a live attenuated shigella flexneria 2a sf301 vaccine strain to prevent the endemic of shigellosis. using chinese majority epidemic shigella flexneri 2a serotype sf301 as the target, p delta virg, a deletion derivation of the virg gene in the sacb suicide vector pcvd442 and pdsba33g, an mutant of a disulfide bond catalyst dsba, replaced its 33 amiano acid cystine by glycerin in pcvd442, were used to generate a attenuated mutant strain sf301: delta virg: dsba3 ... | 2005 | 16342769 |
| quinine sulfate inhibits invasion of salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri: a preliminary study. | the incidence of typhoid fever and shigellosis parallels that of malaria, so many individuals who are on antimalarial drugs can be found in areas where these diseases are widespread. we investigated the effect of quinine sulfate on the growth and invasion of salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri m90t to determine whether people on antimalarials can have secondary gain from some protection against typhoid fever and shigellosis. | 2005 | 16343387 |
| detection of escherichia coli and shigella spp. in water by using the polymerase chain reaction and gene probes for uid. | [this corrects the article on p. 1013 in vol. 57.]. | 1991 | 16348547 |
| quantitative analyses of certain enteric bacteria and bacterial extracts: i. standardization and sonic disruption of eight enteric bacterial species, each at five population levels. | standardized individual preparations of five population levels of eight enteric organisms [escherichia coli (o4:h3), e. coli (o111:b4:h12), salmonella enteritidis, s. paratyphi b, s. typhimurium, shigella boydii, s. dysenteriae, and s. sonnei) were prepared. dry weights, calculated mean cell weight, and nitrogen content of bacterial suspensions before, and of supernatant fluids after, ultrasonic disruption are tabulated. percentages of disruption, estimated from nitrogen concentration ratios of ... | 1967 | 16349752 |
| enterobacteria in feedlot waste and runoff. | samples of beef cattle feedlot waste (flw), runoff from the pens, and water from a large drainage ditch at the feedlot were examined for enterobacteriaceae. the drainage ditch receives the runoff but contains primarily subsurface drainage from fields on which flw is spread for disposal. planting and enrichment techniques with seven different media were used to isolate 553 cultures of enterobacteria. flw contains about 50 million enterobacteria/g dry weight. more than 90% of these were escherichi ... | 1972 | 16349932 |
| the genus shigella: (dysentery bacilli and allied species). | 1942 | 16350076 | |
| a large, multiple-restaurant outbreak of infection with shigella flexneri serotype 2a traced to tomatoes. | foodborne outbreaks of shigella infection are uncommon and tomatoes are an unusual vehicle. we describe a large, multiple-restaurant outbreak of shigella flexneri serotype 2a infection that was associated with tomatoes. | 2006 | 16355324 |
| [alibi verification and the pcr method to estimate the source of epidemic for a few notified cases of s. sonnei]. | a few culture-confirmed cases of s. sonnei have been notified from korean hospitals. the source of epidemic can't be firmly determined in such cases because of the rarity of this illness in the local communities and the timing of the outbreaks. the objective of this study is to estimate the source of epidemic by investigating the patients' lifestyles. | 2005 | 16358827 |
| bacterial gene therapy strategies. | the ability of bacteria to mediate gene transfer has only recently been established and these observations have led to the utilization of various bacterial strains in gene therapy. the types of bacteria used include attenuated strains of salmonella, shigella, listeria, and yersinia, as well as non-pathogenic escherichia coli. for some of these vectors, the mechanism of dna transfer from the bacteria to the mammalian cell is not yet fully understood but their potential to deliver therapeutic mole ... | 2006 | 16362987 |
| the utility of lactoferrin in differentiating parasitic from bacterial infections. | lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein found in the 2ry granules of pmn. in order to determine the usefulness of such marker for neutrophilic activity in differentiating cases suffering from amoebic and bacillary dysentery, schistosoma and bacterial uti infections, we examined stool and urine specimens using anti-lactoferrin antibodies (lactoferrin latex agglutination test: lfla), compared with different standard gold techniques. our results demonstrated that cases with either shigllosis or ... | 2005 | 16363291 |
| development and evaluation of a shigella flexneri 2a and s. sonnei bivalent invasin complex (invaplex) vaccine. | over 160 million cases of shigellosis occur annually worldwide, with the two most prevalent species being shigella flexneri and s. sonnei. protective immunity against shigella infection is primarily directed at the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of the homologous serotype, so it may be necessary to combine monovalent vaccines for multiple shigella serotypes to construct a multivalent vaccine against predominant serotypes. recently, we described a subcellular vaccine isolated from virulent s. flexneri, ... | 2006 | 16364513 |
| detection and isolation method for bacterial lysozyme inhibitors by use of lysozyme affinity chromatography. | 2005 | 16366278 | |
| a ph dependent mechanism for inactivation of gram-negative bacteria by hen egg white and lambda lysozymes under high pressure. | 2005 | 16366309 | |
| [symptoms of food-borne diseases and gastroenteritis in kyushu, japan]. | in this study we analyzed the symptoms of gastroenteritis or food-borne disease caused by the 10 most prevalent pathogens: norovirus, salmonella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), shigella sonnei/flexneri (shigella), staphylococcus aureus, and emetic-type bacillus cereus. the symptoms diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and headache, and the incubation period in 646 cases i ... | 2005 | 16366357 |
| evolution of foodborne pathogens via temperate bacteriophage-mediated gene transfer. | temperate bacteriophages have always been central to the evolution of bacteria, although their importance has been consistently underestimated compared to transformation and conjugation. in the last 20 years, as more gene and genome sequences have become available and researchers have more accurately determined bacteriophage populations in the environment, we are gaining a clearer picture of their role in the past and potential role in the future. the transductive and lysogenic capacities of thi ... | 2005 | 16366852 |
| sorbitol-fermenting shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157: indications for an animal reservoir. | this study investigates a sorbitol-fermenting enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (sf ehec) o157 infection in a farmer's family in the austrian province of salzburg. the investigation commenced after a 10-month-old boy was admitted to hospital with the clinical diagnosis of a haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (hus) and his stool specimen grew sf ehec o157:h-. in a subsequent environmental survey, a stool specimen of the 2-year-old brother and faecal samples of two cattle from the family's farm were al ... | 2006 | 16371175 |
| new vaccines against enteric bacteria for children in less developed countries. | diarrheal diseases represent a major threat to infant survival in less developed countries. a real opportunity now exists to help alleviate this problem through the development of safe and effective multicomponent whole-bacterial cell vaccine(s) against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and shigella, two important pathogens for which no licensed vaccine exists. what is preventing realization of this achievement is a lack of focus on the unique needs of children in less developed countries, along ... | 2005 | 16372876 |
| high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among shigella isolates in the united states tested by the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system from 1999 to 2002. | shigella spp. infect approximately 450,000 persons annually in the united states, resulting in over 6,000 hospitalizations. since 1999, the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms) for enteric bacteria has tested every 10th shigella isolate from 16 state or local public health laboratories for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. from 1999 to 2002, narms tested 1,604 isolates. among 1,598 isolates identified to species level, 1,278 (80%) were shigella sonnei, 295 (18%) w ... | 2006 | 16377666 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats. | with the aim of setting up an animal model of shigella dysenteriae-induced diarrhea, wistar rats received per os increasing densities of s. dysenteriae type 1 (sd1). inoculum of 12 x 10(8) sd1 provoked dysenteric diarrhea within 24 h. feces of healthy rats were molded, brown to black and rough. rats developing diarrhea presented blood at the anal orifice; stools were soft or liquid containing mucus, or molded, smooth and mucus-coated. at times, stools appeared longer, dark and shiny due to the p ... | 2005 | 16377862 |
| antibiotic principles from a streptomyces species and their sub-acute toxicity studies on hepatic, renal and haemopoietic system of rats. | two promising antibiotics, jf-a and jf-b were isolated from the chloroform extract of a banglaeshi streptomyces strain. the mean zones of inhibition produced by the chloroform extract (400 microg/disc), jf-a (200 microg/disc) and jf-b (200 microg/disc) against 19 pathogenic bacteria were found to be 9-50, 12-38 and 10-41 mm while those produced by a standard antibiotic, kanamycin were 11-40 mm at 30 microg/disc. mics of jf-a and jf-b were determined to be 64 microg/ml against bacillus subtilis a ... | 2005 | 16380336 |
| shibase: an integrated database for comparative genomics of shigella. | among the major enteric bacterial pathogens, shigella is found to display extreme genome diversity and dynamics, which imposes a challenge in comparative genomic studies. to facilitate further studies in this area, we have constructed an integrated online database, shibase (http://www.mgc.ac.cn/shibase/),which contains shigella genomic sequences of four species and additional comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) data of 43 serotypes. shibase offers online comparative analysis on dna sequences ... | 2006 | 16381896 |
| bacterial and plant enterotoxin b subunit-autoantigen fusion proteins suppress diabetes insulitis. | several bacterial and plant enterotoxin b subunit-islet autoantigen fusion proteins were compared for their ability to serve as islet autoantigen carriers and adjuvants for reduction of pancreatic islet inflammation associated with type 1 diabetes. the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb), the heat-labile toxin b subunit from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (ltb), the shigella toxin b subunit (stb), and the plant toxin ricin b subunit (rtb) were genetically linked to the islet autoantigens proinsulin ... | 2006 | 16382177 |
| [control of the host inflammatory response during shigella flexneri infection]. | 2006 | 16386212 | |
| update on emerging infections: news from the centers for disease control and prevention. shigella flexneri serotype 3 infections among men who have sex with men--chicago, illinois 2003-2004. | 2006 | 16387224 | |
| proteomic and functional analysis of the suite of ysp proteins exported by the ysa type iii secretion system of yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1b. | full virulence of yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1b requires two distinct and distantly related contact-dependent type iii secretion (t3s) systems. the plasmid-encoded ysc t3s system is essential for systemic stages of infection and the yop effector proteins it translocates have been extensively studied. the chromosome-encoded ysa t3s system contributes to gastrointestinal stages of infection, but the suite of ysp effectors proteins it translocates into host cells remains obscure. using a proteo ... | 2006 | 16390460 |
| low risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome after early effective antimicrobial therapy for shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection in bangladesh. | hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) may complicate up to 15% of cases of shiga toxin (stx)-expressing enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 infections in children. administration of antimicrobials has been reported to increase the risk of stec-associated hus by >10-fold, presumably by increasing the expression and release of stx by dying stec bacteria. shigella dysenteriae type 1 also expresses stx. however, the effect of antimicrobial therapy on stx release and the risk of hus in humans ... | 2006 | 16392080 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of lactobacillus casei on shigella-infected human intestinal epithelial cells. | shigella invades the human intestinal mucosa, thus causing bacillary dysentery, an acute recto-colitis responsible for lethal complications, mostly in infants and toddlers. conversely, commensal bacteria live in a mutualistic relationship with the intestinal mucosa that is characterized by homeostatic control of innate responses, thereby contributing to tolerance to the flora. cross-talk established between commensals and the intestinal epithelium mediate this active process, the mechanisms of w ... | 2006 | 16394013 |
| re-emergence of multi-drug resistant shigella dysenteriae with added resistance to ciprofloxacin in north india & their plasmid profiles. | multi drug resistant shigellae pose a major threat in control of shigellosis with. shigella dysenteriae being the most prevalent species at our centre before 1994. a gradual decrease in s. dysenteriae occurred over the years with a corresponding increase in s. flexneri which became the predominant serotype. from may to november 2003, an increase in number of patients admitted with clinical diagnosis of dysentery was noted in comparison to previous years, with a corresponding increase in the isol ... | 2005 | 16394329 |
| outbreak of shigella sonnei gastroenteritis in northeastern taiwan. | a gastroenteritis outbreak of shigella sonnei involving 122 children occurred between april 2001 and january 2002 in i-lan, taiwan. the resistant rates of the isolates to nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin and ceftriaxone were 98, 97.5, 32 and 27%, respectively. none of the isolates was resistant to ciprofloxacin. prolonged bacterial shedding in the feces can occur when an inappropriate antibiotic is used. | 2006 | 16395118 |
| [the colicynogenic activity and anthibiotic sensitivity of collected and newly isolated strains of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei]. | among the collection strains of s. flexneri 10.5; 5.5; 2.6; 2.6 and 7.9% of strains were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, ceftryaxon, cefasoline, chloramphenycol, respectively. the maximum number of r-determinants of one strain was 4. the strains resistant to cefalosporynes were not revealed; among newly isolated strains of this agent, these strains resistant to ampicilline, tetracycline and chloramphenycol made 20%. among the collection and newly isolated strains of s. flexneri, isolated ... | 2005 | 16396114 |
| distribution of a transposon-like element carrying bla(cmy-2) among salmonella and other enterobacteriaceae. | the dissemination of cephamycin resistance in enterobacteriaceae and its correlation with a transposon-like dna element consisting of a specific tnpa-bla(cmy-2)-blc-suge structure were investigated. | 2006 | 16396917 |
| antidiarrhoeal evaluation of aegle marmelos (correa) linn. root extract. | a study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antidiarrhoeal potential of chloroform extract of the root of aegle marmelos (correa) linn. the in vitro activity was determined by agar dilution and disc diffusion techniques. the extract was studied in vivo in rats. of the 35 tested pathogenic diarrhoea causing strains, the extract was found to be mostly active against the strains of vibrio cholerae, followed by escherichia coli and shigella spp. the in vitro activity was found to be ... | 2006 | 16397850 |
| characterization of the interaction of single tryptophan containing mutants of ipac from shigella flexneri with phospholipid membranes. | shigella flexneri causes dysentery after invading the epithelial cells of the human colon. enterocyte invasion is induced by the bacterial effector ipac (invasion plasmid antigen c), which triggers shigella entry into epithelial cells by a rather poorly understood mechanism. ipac is also involved in pathogen escape into the host cell cytoplasm following uptake, and this property may be reflected in its ability to disrupt phospholipid vesicles in vitro. purified recombinant ipac interacts with li ... | 2006 | 16401091 |
| partial characterization of enterocin mr99 from a corn silage isolate of enterococcus faecalis. | to assess the inhibitory activity on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria of several species of enterococci recovered from a natural corn silage. | 2006 | 16405692 |
| clinic-based surveillance for bacterial- and rotavirus-associated diarrhea in egyptian children. | to identify enteropathogens for vaccine development, we implemented clinic-based surveillance for severe pediatric diarrhea in egypt's nile river delta. over 2 years, a physician clinically evaluated and obtained stool samples for microbiology from patients with diarrhea and less than 6 years of age. in the first (n = 714) and second clinic (n = 561), respectively, 36% (n = 254) and 46% (n = 260) of children were infected with rotavirus, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), campylobacter, or ... | 2006 | 16407360 |
| comparing shigella waterborne outbreaks in four different areas in greece: common features and differences. | in greece the public health surveillance for most infectious diseases, including shigellosis, is not well developed. however, four waterborne outbreaks of shigellosis have been recorded in greece in the last three decades, in different areas of the country, under different environmental and socioeconomic conditions. this study presents the epidemiological characteristics of these four outbreaks in order to examine common points and differences and to investigate their possible association with e ... | 2006 | 16409663 |
| identification of a bacterial type iii effector family with g protein mimicry functions. | many bacterial pathogens use the type iii secretion system to inject "effector" proteins into host cells. here, we report the identification of a 24 member effector protein family found in pathogens including salmonella, shigella, and enteropathogenic e. coli. members of this family subvert host cell function by mimicking the signaling properties of ras-like gtpases. the effector ipgb2 stimulates cellular responses analogous to gtp-active rhoa, whereas ipgb1 and map function as the active forms ... | 2006 | 16413487 |
| yersinia's stratagem: targeting innate and adaptive immune defense. | in contrast to salmonella and shigella, enteropathogenic yersinia species are extracellular multiplying gram-negative bacteria. this life style requires a sophisticated anti-host strategy, which is implemented by the yersinia virulence plasmid. this plasmid encodes the type 3 secretion system (injectisome), at least six microinjected anti-host effector proteins, a trimeric coiled coil outer membrane protein (yersinia adhesin) with cell adhesin and protective functions against complement and defe ... | 2006 | 16413818 |
| roxithromycin antagonism with essential and trace elements. | in order to ascertain the role of various essential and trace element complexation on the antibacterial activity of various macrolide antibiotics, the synergistic or antagonistic behavior of roxithromycin metal complexes have been studied and compared with the parent drug. metal complexes of roxithromycin with magnesium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium have been investigated for their antibacterial activity and compared with roxithromycin by observing ... | 2004 | 16414588 |
| antibacterial activity of clove extracts against phagogenic strains including clinically resistant isolates of shigella and vibrio cholerae. | clove extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts) were tested in vitro for their antibacterial activity against forty isolates of pathogenic bacteria including clinically resistant (resistant to ampicillin and nalidixic acid) strains of twenty-five shigella and four vibrio cholerae. all of the isolates except pseudomonas aeruginosa showed promising sensitivity to the extracts. | 1990 | 16414655 |
| clarithromycin synergism with essential and trace elements. | in order to ascertain the role of various essential and trace element complexation on the antibacterial activity of various macrolide antibiotics, the synergistic or antagonistic behavior of clarithromycin metal complexes has been studied and compared with the parent drug. metal complexes of clarithromycin with magnesium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium has been investigated for their antibacterial activity and compared with clarithromycin by observin ... | 2002 | 16414867 |
| a novel strategy for the identification of genomic islands by comparative analysis of the contents and contexts of trna sites in closely related bacteria. | we devised software tools to systematically investigate the contents and contexts of bacterial trna and tmrna genes, which are known insertion hotspots for genomic islands (gis). the strategy, based on mauve-facilitated multigenome comparisons, was used to examine 87 escherichia coli mg1655 trna and tmrna genes and their orthologues in e.coli edl933, e.coli cft073 and shigella flexneri sf301. our approach identified 49 gis occupying approximately 1.7 mb that mapped to 18 trna genes, missing 2 bu ... | 2006 | 16414954 |
| sepsis caused by food-borne infection with escherichia coli. | we report a case of sepsis caused by escherichia coli (e. coli) of serotype o-143. a 78-year-old man developed symptoms of gastroenteritis after ingesting raw meat on noodles. he rapidly developed respiratory failure. blood culture grew e. coli. the sepsis seemed to have directly spread from a food-borne infection. the development of primary sepsis after ingesting e. coli is very rare. we suspect that bacterial translocation played a major role. serotype o-143 is recognized in enteroinvasive e. ... | 2005 | 16415557 |
| actin-dependent movement of bacterial pathogens. | listeria, rickettsia, burkholderia, shigella and mycobacterium species subvert cellular actin dynamics to facilitate their movement within the host cytosol and to infect neighbouring cells while evading host immune surveillance and promoting their intracellular survival. 'attaching and effacing' escherichia coli do not enter host cells but attach intimately to the cell surface, inducing motile actin-rich pedestals, the function of which is currently unclear. the molecular basis of actin-based mo ... | 2006 | 16415925 |
| sensitivities of foodborne pathogens to pressure changes. | eight foodborne pathogens were suspended in ultrahigh-temperature whole milk and treated at pressure levels of 0.1 to 690 mpa at 21.5 degrees c for 10 min. there was no clear trend in pressure resistance between gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. the order of the single strains tested, from most to least pressure sensitive, was vibrio parahaemolyticus < yersinia enterocolitica < listeria monocytogenes < salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium < s. enterica serovar enteritidis < escherich ... | 2006 | 16416910 |
| characterization of virulence factors in the newly described salmonella enterica serotype keurmassar emerging in senegal (sub-saharan africa). | from 2000 to 2001, nine strains of salmonella enterica belonging to the new serotype keurmassar have been isolated from human and poultry samples at the senegalese national salmonella and shigella reference laboratory at the pasteur institute, in dakar. all strains carried virulence factors including salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi)-1, -2, -3 and -5 encoded genes. strains did not harbour virulence plasmid. ribotyping analysis revealed a single clone identical to salmonella decatur isolated ... | 2006 | 16420724 |
| foodborne bacterial infection and hospitalization: a registry-based study. | foodborne bacterial gastrointestinal infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and despite successful control programs in some developed countries, these infections continue to have a major impact on public health and economy. | 2006 | 16421794 |
| diarrhea in patients with aids. | diarrhea in patients with aids is a worldwide problem that can have a devastating impact on quality of life for the patient. chronic diarrhea, usually defined as at least 4 weeks' duration, is more common in patients with low cd4-positive t-lymphocyte counts, signaling advanced immunosuppression. some organisms, such as microsporidia, usually cause diarrhea only in the immunosuppressed; others, such as cryptosporidium, salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter, which are capable of causing diarrhe ... | 2006 | 16423311 |
| characterization of functional oligosaccharide mimics of the shigella flexneri serotype 2a o-antigen: implications for the development of a chemically defined glycoconjugate vaccine. | protection against reinfection with noncapsulated gram-negative bacteria, such as shigella, an enteroinvasive bacterium responsible for bacillary dysentery, is mainly achieved by abs specific for the o-ag, the polysaccharide part of the lps, the major bacterial surface ag. the use of chemically defined glycoconjugates encompassing oligosaccharides mimicking the protective determinants carried by the o-ag, thus expected to induce an efficient anti-lps ab response, has been considered an alternati ... | 2006 | 16424198 |