Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| comparative study of pathogenicity tests for shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains. | the purpose of this study was to optimize an in vitro pathogenicity model, as an alternative to sereny test (on guinea pigs). the study was performed on 13 shigella spp. and 3 enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) strains isolated in romania between 2005 and 2007. the investigation implied the comparative evaluation between the sereny test and cravioto's adapted method for the assessment of the adherence and invasion capacity of the studied bacterial strains on hela cells, as well as the pcr de ... | 2009 | 19507627 |
| [norovirus infection in general hospitals for adults]. | to determine the role of noroviruses in the rise of hospital outbreaks of acute intestinal infections (aii), to study clinical and epidemiological aspects of hospital noroviral infection. | 2009 | 19514424 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for molecular epidemiology of food pathogens. | foodborne diseases due to well-recognized pathogens have emerged as an important and growing public health problem with a significant impact on health. molecular methods for subtyping these microorganisms have become a valid adjunct to the traditional techniques employed in most laboratories. one such molecular technique for the detection and identification of food pathogens is pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). this method separates large dna molecules by the use of an alternating electri ... | 2009 | 19521867 |
| bacterial type iii effectors inhibit cell lifting by targeting integrin-linked kinase. | many pathogenic bacteria are able to surmount exfoliation and colonize the host epithelium efficiently. in a recent article in nature, kim et al. (2009) show that shigella flexneri ospe, a conserved type iii effector, reinforces host cell adherence and prevents detachment of the infected cells by interacting with integrin-linked kinase. | 2009 | 19527878 |
| sarcosaprophagous flies in suez governorate, egypt iv--persistence of human pathogenic bacteria in the developmental stages. | the persistence of three species of human pathogenic bacteria (escherichia coli, shigella sonnei and staphylococcus epidermidis) in sterile artificially fed larvae was examined till adult emergence after ingestion by three species of sarcosaprophagous flies (house fly, musca domestica, oriental latrine blow fly, chrysomya megacephala and australian cheep blow fly, lucilia cuprina). the number of bacteria present in mature maggots, pupae and emerging adults declined significantly (p < 0.05). each ... | 2009 | 19530618 |
| bulging fontanelle in febrile infants: is lumbar puncture mandatory? | to determine the aetiologies and clinical characteristics of infants with fever and a bulging fontanelle. | 2009 | 19531528 |
| [multiplex pcr assay for dissemination and diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in shigella isolates]. | to develop a rapid and simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method which discriminates extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) genes in sporadic shigella isolates from 1998 to 2007 in hangzhou city, china. | 2009 | 19534925 |
| antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract and compounds from morus mesozygia stem bark. | this study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract (mmb) and compounds isolated from the stem bark of morus mesozygia, namely 3beta-acetoxyurs-12-en-11-one (1), moracin q (2), moracin t (3), artocarpesin (4), cycloartocarpesin (5), moracin r (6), moracin u (8), moracin c (9), and moracin m (10). | 2009 | 19450674 |
| diagnosis and treatment of acute or persistent diarrhea. | studies of microbial pathogens and the toxins they produce are important for determining the mechanisms by which they cause disease and spread throughout a population. some bacteria produce secretory enterotoxins (such as cholera toxin or the heat-labile or stable enterotoxins produced by escherichia coli) that invade cells directly. others invade cells or produce cytotoxins (such as those produced by shigella, enteroinvasive e coli, or clostridium difficile) that damage cells or trigger host re ... | 2009 | 19457416 |
| molecular typing methodologies for microbial source tracking and epidemiological investigations of gram-negative bacterial foodborne pathogens. | gram-negative bacterial foodborne pathogens are a worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. the ability to carry out epidemiological investigations to determine the primary sources of bacterial contamination is important to improve public health. multiple methods are available for bacterial source tracking and to determine the distribution of pathogens isolated from sick patients. the molecular based typing methods available fall into three general categories: those based on restriction analys ... | 2009 | 19460308 |
| metabolic control through ornithine and uracil of epithelial cell invasion by shigella flexneri. | this paper shows that compounds in defined growth media strongly influence the expression of the effectors of virulence in the human invasive pathogen shigella flexneri. ornithine in conjunction with uracil reduces the haemolytic ability of wild-type cultures more than 20-fold and the expression of the type iii secretion system more than 8-fold, as monitored by an mxic : : lacz transcriptional reporter. mxic gene expression is further decreased by the presence of methionine or branched-chain ami ... | 2009 | 19460819 |
| design, synthesis, and immunochemical characterization of a chimeric glycopeptide corresponding to the shigella flexneri y o-polysaccharide and its peptide mimic mdwnmhaa. | two glycopeptide chimeras corresponding to the shigella flexneri y o-polysaccharide and its peptide mimic were designed in an attempt to improve the binding affinity by increasing the entropy of binding relative to the original octapeptide mimic of the o-polysaccharide. the design was based on the x-ray crystal structures of a monoclonal antibody sya/j6 in complex with its cognate ligands, a pentasaccharide corresponding to the s. flexneri y o-polysaccharide and the octapeptide mimic, mdwnmhaa. ... | 2009 | 19467535 |
| rapid detection of intestinal pathogens in fecal samples by an improved reverse dot blot method. | to develop a new, rapid and accurate reverse dot blot (rdb) method for the detection of intestinal pathogens in fecal samples. | 2009 | 19469006 |
| incidence of multiple antibiotic resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated from surface and underground water sources in south western region of nigeria. | in most rural and urban settlements, particularly in nigeria, wells, spring, streams or rivers and lakes serves as major sources of water supply for drinking and other domestic purposes. unfortunately, many of the available water sources are not potable without some form of treatment which is seldom available in most settings. the use of untreated surface water sources for drinking and for domestic purposes remains a major threat to public health as these could serve as reservoirs the for transf ... | 2009 | 19474486 |
| involvement of rna-binding protein hfq in the osmotic-response regulation of inve gene expression in shigella sonnei. | the expression of type iii secretion system (ttss) in shigella is regulated in response to changes in environmental osmolarity and temperature. temperature-dependent regulation of virf, the master regulator of ttss synthesis, is believed to occur at the transcriptional level. we recently demonstrated, however, that ttss synthesis also involves post-transcriptional regulation of the synthesis of inve, a target of virf and key regulator of ttss synthesis. the mrna levels of inve (virb) are stable ... | 2009 | 19476612 |
| ipab-ipgc interaction defines binding motif for type iii secretion translocator. | the delivery of virulence factors into host cells through type iii secretion systems is essential for enterobacterial pathogenesis. molecular chaperones bind specifically to virulence factors in the bacterial cytosol before secretion. invasion plasmid gene c (ipgc) is a chaperone that binds 2 essential virulence factors of shigella: invasion plasmid antigens (ipa) b and c. here, we report the crystal structure of ipgc alone and in complex with the chaperone binding domain (cbd) of ipab. the chap ... | 2009 | 19478065 |
| comparison of acute bloody and watery diarrhea: a case control study. | the clinical and laboratory findings of 290 cases of bloody diarrhea who presented to the department of diarrhea training and treatment between june 1998 and may 2002 were investigated, and compared to those of two consecutive cases who had watery diarrhea. the bloody diarrhea group had higher mean age, higher frequencies of diarrhea, lower frequencies of vomiting, and shorter durations of diarrhea at the time of admission as compared to the watery diarrhea group. the number of cases using antib ... | 2009 | 19480324 |
| laboratory-acquired infections. | laboratory-acquired infections due to a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have been described. although the precise risk of infection after an exposure remains poorly defined, surveys of laboratory-acquired infections suggest that brucella species, shigella species, salmonella species, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and neisseria meningitidis are the most common causes. infections due to the bloodborne pathogens (hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, and human immunodeficiency ... | 2009 | 19480580 |
| reactive arthritis: clinical aspects and medical management. | reactive arthritis (rea) is an inflammatory arthritis that arises after certain gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections, representing a classic interplay between host and environment. it belongs to the group of arthritidies known as the spondyloarthropathies. the classic syndrome is a triad of symptoms, including the urethra, conjunctiva, and synovium; however, the majority of patients do not present with this triad. diagnostic criteria for rea exist, but data suggest new criteria are neede ... | 2009 | 19480995 |
| analytical comparison of nine pcr primer sets designed to detect the presence of escherichia coli/shigella in water samples. | the analytical performance of 9 different pcr primer sets designed to detect escherichia coli and shigella in water has been evaluated in terms of ubiquity, specificity, and analytical detection limit. of the 9 pcr primer sets tested, only 3 of the 5 primer sets targeting uida gene and the primer set targeting tuf gene amplified dna from all e. coli strains tested. however, of those 4 primer sets, only the primer set targeting the tuf gene also amplified dna from all shigella strains tested. for ... | 2009 | 19482328 |
| protein interaction platforms: visualization of interacting proteins in yeast. | here we describe the protein interaction platform assay, a method for identifying interacting proteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae. this assay relies on the reovirus scaffolding protein microns, which forms large focal inclusions in living cells. when a query protein is fused to microns and potential interaction partners are fused to a fluorescent reporter, interactors can be identified by screening for yeast that display fluorescent foci. | 2009 | 19483691 |
| lack of antimicrobial activity by the antiretroviral drug nevirapine against common bacterial pathogens. | 2009 | 19487448 | |
| bacteria hijack integrin-linked kinase to stabilize focal adhesions and block cell detachment. | the rapid turnover and exfoliation of mucosal epithelial cells provides an innate defence system against bacterial infection. nevertheless, many pathogenic bacteria, including shigella, are able to surmount exfoliation and colonize the epithelium efficiently. here we show that the shigella flexneri effector ospe (consisting of ospe1 and ospe2 proteins), which is highly conserved among enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, citrobacter rodentium and salmonella strains, rei ... | 2009 | 19489119 |
| computational study of the conformational structures of saccharides in solution based on j couplings and the "fast sugar structure prediction software". | this article reports on the implementation of j coupling calculations in our recently developed fast sugar structure prediction software (fsps). the fsps combines a smart and exhaustive algorithm to search through conformational space with the calculation of different experimental nuclear magnetic resonance observables to establish the conformation of saccharides in solution. using our algorithm in combination with nmr data, we investigate the solution structure of three simple disaccharides (me ... | 2009 | 19795837 |
| overseas outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease identified in scotland, 2003 to 2007. | this article presents information on all potential outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease (iid) identified by health protection scotland (hps) involving residents of scotland. unlike other systems, this alert system covers potential outbreaks of iid rather than apparently sporadic cases and covers all gastrointestinal pathogens, all visited countries, and all groups of travelers. | 2009 | 19796102 |
| oxidative and antibacterial activity of mn3o4. | mn(3)o(4) nanoparticles with diameter ca. 10nm were synthesized by the forced hydrolysis of mn(ii) acetate at 80 degrees c. the x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infra red (ft-ir) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (sem) and energy dispersive x-ray (edx) techniques were employed to study structural features and chemical composition of the nanoparticles. the unique oxidative activity of the mn(3)o(4) nanoparticles was demonstrated in the polymerization and dye degradation reactio ... | 2009 | 19733434 |
| microwave assisted, one-pot synthesis of 5-nitro- 2-aryl substituted-1h-benzimidazole libraries: screening in vitro for antimicrobial activity. | the efficient and rapid synthesis of 5-nitro-2-aryl substituted-1h-benzimidazole libraries (1a-1j) has been established. thus, both microwave and conventional cyclo-condensation of 4-nitro ortho-phenylenediamine with various phenoxyacetic acids were carried out in the presence of hcl catalyst. the microwave synthesis route afforded advantages, such as good to excellent yields, shorter reaction time (2.5-3.5 min), readily available starting material, and simple purification procedure, which disti ... | 2009 | 19772484 |
| peptide sequences identified by phage display are immunodominant functional motifs of pet and pic serine proteases secreted by escherichia coli and shigella flexneri. | plasmid-encoded toxin (pet) and protein involved in colonization (pic), are serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spates) secreted by enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec), which display the gdsgsg sequence or the serine motif. our research was directed to localize functional sites in both proteins using the phage display method. from a 12mer linear and a 7mer cysteine-constrained (c7c) libraries displayed on the m13 phage piii protein we selected different mimotopes using ... | 2009 | 19772881 |
| magnitude of drug resistant shigellosis: a report from bangalore. | shigella is an important cause of acute invasive diarrhea in children and others. antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella spp. isolated from diarrhoeal/ dysenteric patients in bangalore was studied in our hospital from january 2002 to december 2007. one hundred and thirty-four isolates were identified as shigella species. s. flexneri, s. sonnei , s. boydii and s. dysenteriae were accounted respectively for 64.9%, 21.6%, 8.2% and 3.7% of the total number of shigella isolated. of these 56 (41.8%) ... | 2009 | 19736408 |
| transmission risk factors and treatment of pediatric shigellosis during a large daycare center-associated outbreak of multidrug resistant shigella sonnei: implications for the management of shigellosis outbreaks among children. | shigellosis outbreaks in daycare centers result in substantial disease and economic burdens in the united states. the emergence of multidrug resistant shigella strains raises questions regarding control of transmission within daycare centers and treatment for children. from may to october 2005, 639 shigella sonnei cases were reported in northwest missouri, mostly among persons exposed to daycare centers. | 2009 | 19738503 |
| high-affinity inhibitors of trna-guanine transglycosylase replacing the function of a structural water cluster. | the trna-modifying enzyme trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is essential for the pathogenic mechanism of shigella flexneri, the causing agent of the bacterial diarrheal disease shigellosis. herein, the synthesis of a new class of rationally designed 6-amino-imidazo[4,5-g]quinazolin-8(7h)-one- (lin-benzoguanine) based inhibitors of tgt are reported. in order to accommodate a small hydrophobic crevice opening near the binding site of ribose-34, 2-aminoethyl substituents were introduced in positi ... | 2009 | 19746363 |
| analysis of a temporal cluster of shigella boydii isolates in mpumalanga, south africa, november to december 2007. | shigellosis is a global human health problem. the disease is most prevalent in developing countries with poor access to safe potable water and sanitation. shigella boydii is of particular epidemiological importance in developing nations such as african and asian countries. in the present study, we report on the analysis of a temporal cluster of 29 s. boydii serotype 2 strains, isolated in the mpumalanga province of south africa (sa) over the period of november to december 2007. | 2009 | 19749451 |
| bcl-2 regulates the onset of shiga toxin 1-induced apoptosis in thp-1 cells. | shiga toxins (stxs), which are proteins expressed by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and some serotypes of escherichia coli, are potent protein synthesis inhibitors. stx-producing organisms cause bloody diarrhea with the potential to progress to acute renal failure and central nervous system complications. studies using animal models of these diseases have shown that stxs are major virulence factors, and purified toxins have been shown to be capable of killing many types of ... | 2009 | 19752028 |
| isolation of salmonella and shigella from fish harvested from the winam gulf of lake victoria, kenya. | human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish are quite common. the aim of this study was to isolate enteric pathogenic bacteria from fish that might be transmitted to humans after the handling or consumption of such fish. | 2009 | 19755738 |
| molecular characterization of esbl-producing shigella sonnei isolates from patients with bacilliary dysentery in lebanon. | emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in shigella species imparting resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is a growing concern worldwide. the aim of this study is to molecularly characterize the newly emerging beta-lactam resistant shigella sonnei, specifically esbls in lebanon, and compare them to beta-lactam sensitive isolates. | 2009 | 19759494 |
| effect of iron on cytolysin a expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | previously, a novel protein clya (cytolysin a) has been identified in escherichia coli k-12, salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a and shigella. salmonella spp. synthesize substantial amounts of clya upon infection of the human host, although the mechanism by which clya is induced in vivo is unclear. since environmental signals could control the expression of virulence determinants, clya expression in s. typhi ty2 was tested by western blotting in the presence of normal pooled human ... | 2009 | 19763423 |
| a similarity in the o-acetylation pattern of the o-antigens of shigellaflexneri types 1a, 1b, and 2a. | shigella flexneri type 2a is the first, and type 1b is the second, most prevalent isolates from patients with shigellosis in russia. the o-specific polysaccharides (opss, o-antigens) of s. flexneri types 1-5 possess a common -->2)-alpha-l-rhapiii-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rhapii-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhapi-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1--> backbone and differ from each other in its glucosylation or/and o-acetylation at various positions, the modifications being responsible for various o-factors. it was suggested tha ... | 2009 | 19246033 |
| purification and characterization of an immunogenic outer membrane protein of shigella flexneri 2a. | in the present study we purified 34 kda major outer membrane protein (momp) of shigella flexneri 2a for the first time, which was cross-reactive and antigenically conserved among shigella spp. and the epitope was surface exposed on the intact bacterium. the purified antigen was found to be glycosylated, which aids in binding to macrophages and up-regulated the production of nitric oxide, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and il-12p70, indicating that the momp is immunogenic and has the abili ... | 2009 | 19660587 |
| screening, purification, and identification of the enzyme producing n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester. | screening was carried out for microorganisms able to produce n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester [apm] from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride. of the 422 strains examined, 44 strains belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae were found to produce apm. the enzyme catalyzing apm production was purified and identified as dipeptidase e. | 2009 | 19664550 |
| rapid emergence of third generation cephalosporin resistant shigella spp. in southern vietnam. | 2009 | 19141753 | |
| giardia duodenalis assemblages associated with diarrhea in children in south india identified by pcr-rflp. | giardial diarrhea in a birth cohort of 452 children in an urban slum in south india was characterized. of the 155 episodes that occurred in 99 children, 73% were acute diarrhea. children with better educated mothers and a toilet at home had lower odds of acquiring giardial diarrhea, whereas low socioeconomic status and drinking municipal water were associated with greater risk. children with co-infections tended to have a slightly longer duration of diarrhea (p = 0.061) and showed significantly ... | 2009 | 19141832 |
| improvement in detection of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in patients with travelers' diarrhea by increasing the number of e. coli colonies tested. | no cause of one-third of travelers' diarrhea (td) cases can be detected despite microbiologic assessment. we propose that these pathogen-negative td cases include undetected enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). as a standard in diagnostic microbiology, samples of five e. coli colonies were tested to detect etec from stool cultures. we compared the sensitivities and the number of etec detected by 20 colonies with those of 5, 10, and 15 colonies. the percent detection of etec with five e. coli ... | 2009 | 19141833 |
| septins regulate bacterial entry into host cells. | septins are conserved gtpases that form filaments and are required in many organisms for several processes including cytokinesis. we previously identified sept9 associated with phagosomes containing latex beads coated with the listeria surface protein inlb. | 2009 | 19145258 |
| etiology of acute gastroenteritis in three sentinel general practices, austria 2007. | we studied the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in a village with a total population of approximately 6,000. this is the first study in austria that has investigated a broad range of pathogens recovered from an unselected population of patients who had consulted general practitioners because of gastroenteritis. | 2009 | 19148576 |
| study on induction of apoptosis on hela and vero cells by recombinant shiga toxin and its subunits. | verotoxin (vt) or shiga toxin (stx) produced by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and shigella dysenteriae is ab5 holotoxin with potent protein synthesis inhibitor. vt can induce both apoptosis and necrosis depending on the cell type, it has been shown that vt-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity are distinct processes, and the a subunit can be necessary for apoptosis. in other words, the precise role of each subunit in apoptosis signaling has yet to be established. in this study, inductio ... | 2009 | 19669659 |
| bacterial jailbreak sounds cellular alarm: phagosome membrane remnants trigger signaling. | shigella flexneri and other invasive bacteria rupture the phagosome membrane and escape to the host cytoplasm. now, dupont et al. address the fate and signaling functions of pathogen vacuole remnants and show that these membrane fragments trigger host-cell-signaling responses, including polyubiquitination, autophagy, and pyroptosis. | 2009 | 19683675 |
| shigella phagocytic vacuolar membrane remnants participate in the cellular response to pathogen invasion and are regulated by autophagy. | intracellular pathogens like shigella flexneri enter host cells by phagocytosis. once inside, the pathogen breaks the vacuolar membrane for cytosolic access. the fate and function of the vacuolar membrane remnants are not clear. examining shigella-infected nonmyeloid cells, we observed that proteins associated with vacuolar membrane remnants are polyubiquinated, recruit the autophagy marker lc3 and adaptor p62, and are targeted to autophagic degradation. further, inflammasome components and casp ... | 2009 | 19683680 |
| a genome-scale proteomic screen identifies a role for dnak in chaperoning of polar autotransporters in shigella. | autotransporters are outer membrane proteins that are widely distributed among gram-negative bacteria. like other autotransporters, the shigella autotransporter icsa, which is required for actin assembly during infection, is secreted at the bacterial pole. in the bacterial cytoplasm, icsa localizes to poles and potential cell division sites independent of the cell division protein ftsz. to identify bacterial proteins involved in the targeting of icsa to the pole in the bacterial cytoplasm, we sc ... | 2009 | 19684128 |
| protective role of mouse mbl-c on intestinal mucosa during shigella flexneri invasion. | mannan-binding lectin (mbl) is a c-type serum lectin, which is believed to play an important role in the innate immunity against a variety of pathogens. mbl can bind to sugar determinants of a wide variety of microorganisms, neutralize them and inhibit infection by complement activation through the lectin pathway and opsonization by collectin receptors. given that small intestine is a predominant site of extrahepatic expression of mbl, here we addressed the question whether mbl is involved in mu ... | 2009 | 19684159 |
| review article: anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of saccharomyces boulardii. | saccharomyces boulardii, a well-studied probiotic, can be effective in inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases with diverse pathophysiology, such as inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), and bacterially mediated or enterotoxin-mediated diarrhoea and inflammation. | 2009 | 19706150 |
| increasing resistance to nalidixic acid in shigella subgroups in a comparative study between 2001-2003 and 2004-2006. | the shigella spp. is an organism with an ongoing changing resistance pattern to different antibiotics, thus making its appropriate treatment difficult. nalidixic acid has been one of the most common agents used for the treatment of shigellosis. recently, some studies have reported an emerging resistance to this agent. | 2009 | 19710978 |
| a novel glucosyltransferase involved in o-antigen modification of shigella flexneri serotype 1c. | the o antigen of serotype 1c differs from the unmodified o antigen of serotype y by the addition of a disaccharide (two glucosyl groups) to the tetrasaccharide repeating unit. it was shown here that addition of the first glucosyl group is mediated by the previously characterized gtri cluster, which is found within a cryptic prophage at the proa locus in the bacterial chromosome. transposon mutagenesis was performed to disrupt the gene responsible for addition of the second glucosyl group, causin ... | 2009 | 19717593 |
| multiplexed bead-based mesofluidic system for detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. | in the present study, a simple and rapid multiplexed bead-based mesofluidic system (bms) was developed for simultaneous detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria, including staphylococcus aureus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, enterobacter sakazakii, shigella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and campylobacter jejuni. this system is based on utilization of isothiocyanate-modified microbeads that are 250 mum in diameter, which were immobilized with specific amino-modified ... | 2009 | 19717622 |
| when shigella tells the cell to hang on. | ospe, a shigella type iii effector binds to integrin-like kinase and enhances cell adhesion to better disseminate and colonize the intestinal epithelium. because of the existence of ospe orthologues in other enteropathogens such as enteropathogenic escherichia coli or salmonella sp., maintenance of cell adhesion appears as a widespread strategy for bacteria that interact with the intestinal epithelium. | 2009 | 19720630 |
| assessment of cell surface properties and adhesion potential of selected probiotic strains. | to evaluate the physicochemical cell surface and adhesive properties of selected probiotic strains for human use. | 2009 | 19725886 |
| comparison of the entericbio multiplex pcr system with routine culture for detection of bacterial enteric pathogens. | the entericbio system uses a multiplex pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of campylobacter spp., salmonella enterica, shigella spp., and escherichia coli o157 from feces. it combines overnight broth enrichment with pcr amplification and detection by hybridization. an evaluation of this system was conducted by comparing the results obtained with the system with those obtained by routine culture, supplemented with alternative pcr detection methods. in a study of 773 samples, routine culture ... | 2009 | 19726596 |
| escherichia coli as reservoir for macrolide resistance genes. | the plasmid-borne mph(a) gene that confers resistance to azithromycin and has recently emerged in shigella sonnei is present in multidrug- and non-multidrug-resistant escherichia coli isolates from 4 continents. further spread of mph(a) to shigella and salmonella spp. may be expected. | 2009 | 19861064 |
| the pathogenic properties of a novel and conserved gene product, kerv, in proteobacteria. | identification of novel virulence factors is essential for understanding bacterial pathogenesis and designing antibacterial strategies. in this study, we uncover such a factor, termed kerv, in proteobacteria. experiments carried out in a variety of eukaryotic host infection models revealed that the virulence of a pseudomonas aeruginosa kerv null mutant was compromised when it interacted with amoebae, plants, flies, and mice. bioinformatics analyses indicated that kerv is a hypothetical methyltra ... | 2009 | 19779606 |
| genome sequences of escherichia coli b strains rel606 and bl21(de3). | escherichia coli k-12 and b have been the subjects of classical experiments from which much of our understanding of molecular genetics has emerged. we present here complete genome sequences of two e. coli b strains, rel606, used in a long-term evolution experiment, and bl21(de3), widely used to express recombinant proteins. the two genomes differ in length by 72,304 bp and have 426 single base pair differences, a seemingly large difference for laboratory strains having a common ancestor within t ... | 2009 | 19786035 |
| uropathogenic escherichia coli suppresses the host inflammatory response via pathogenicity island genes sisa and sisb. | extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli can successfully colonize the urinary tract of the immunocompetent host. in part, this is accomplished by dampening the host immune response. indeed, the sisa and sisb genes (shia-like inflammation suppressor genes a and b) of uropathogenic e. coli strain cft073, homologs of the shigella flexneri shi-2 pathogenicity island gene shia, suppress the host inflammatory response. a double deletion mutant (deltasisa deltasisb) resulted in a hyperinflammatory ... | 2009 | 19797063 |
| effects of enteropathogenic bacteria & lactobacilli on chemokine secretion & toll like receptor gene expression in two human colonic epithelial cell lines. | the intestinal epithelium is part of the innate immune system responding to contact with pathogenic or commensal bacteria. the objective of this study was to compare innate responses of intestinal epithelial cell lines to pathogenic bacteria and to lactobacilli. | 2009 | 19797815 |
| [dysentery and amoebiasis in poland in 2007]. | the number as well as incidence rate of notified as shigellosis, bacillary dysentery cases in xxi century are low. only 64 cases were notified in the year 2007 (incidence rate 0.17/100,000 population), while 35 (incidence rate 0.09) were notified in 2006 and median in the 2001-2005 years was 80, incidence rate 0.21/100,000 population. since 2000 no one-death case was notified. seven imported cases were notified as they got infection being abroad, in egypt 6: 4 cases got s. flexneri, two s. sonne ... | 2009 | 19799247 |
| proteome analysis of an attenuated francisella tularensis dsba mutant: identification of potential dsba substrate proteins. | francisella tularensis (f. tularensis) is highly infectious for humans via aerosol route and untreated infections with the highly virulent subsp. tularensis can be fatal. our knowledge regarding key virulence determinants has increased recently but is still somewhat limited. surface proteins are potential virulence factors and therapeutic targets, and in this study, we decided to target three genes encoding putative membrane lipoproteins in f. tularensis lvs. one of the genes encoded a protein w ... | 2009 | 19799467 |
| antibiotic resistance among shigella serogroups isolated in tehran, iran (2002-2004). | 2009 | 19801811 | |
| autophagy in immunity against intracellular bacteria. | autophagy is an innate immune defense mechanism against various intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), listeria monocytogenes and shigella flexneri. s. typhimurium uses type three secretion systems (t3sss) to invade mammalian cells and replicate in salmonella-containing vacuoles (scvs). a small population of intracellular s. typhimurium is targeted by autophagy shortly after infection. evidence suggests that these bacteria are present ... | 2009 | 19802566 |
| spa15 of shigella flexneri is secreted through the type iii secretion system and prevents staurosporine-induced apoptosis. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that invades the colonic epithelium and causes bacillary dysentery. we previously demonstrated that s. flexneri inhibits staurosporine-induced apoptosis in infected epithelial cells and that a deltamxie mutant is unable to inhibit apoptosis. therefore, we hypothesized that an mxie-regulated gene was responsible for protection of epithelial cells from apoptosis. analysis of all mxie-regulated genes yielded no mutants that la ... | 2009 | 19805534 |
| shigella infection of intestinal epithelium and circumvention of the host innate defense system. | shigella, gram-negative bacteria closely related to escherichia coli, are highly adapted human pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery. although shigella have neither adherence factors nor flagella required for attaching or accessing the intestinal epithelium, shigella are capable of colonizing the intestinal epithelium by exploiting epithelial-cell functions and circumventing the host innate immune response. during shigella infection, they deliver many numbers of effectors through the type iii ... | 2009 | 19812985 |
| the shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 proteome, profiled in the host intestinal environment, reveals major metabolic modifications and increased expression of invasive proteins. | shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (sd1) causes the most severe form of epidemic bacillary dysentery. we present the first comprehensive proteome analysis of this pathogen, profiling proteins from bacteria cultured in vitro and bacterial isolates from the large bowel of infected gnotobiotic piglets (in vivo). overall, 1061 distinct gene products were identified. differential display analysis revealed that sd1 cells switched to an anaerobic energy metabolism in vivo. high in vivo abundances of amino ... | 2009 | 19813213 |
| comparative genomics reveal the mechanism of the parallel evolution of o157 and non-o157 enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli. | among the various pathogenic escherichia coli strains, enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) is the most devastating. although serotype o157:h7 strains are the most prevalent, strains of different serotypes also possess similar pathogenic potential. here, we present the results of a genomic comparison between ehecs of serotype o157, o26, o111, and o103, as well as 21 other, fully sequenced e. coli/shigella strains. all ehecs have much larger genomes (5.5-5.9 mb) than the other strains and contain sur ... | 2009 | 19815525 |
| antibiotic therapy for shigella dysentery. | shigella dysentery is a relatively common illness and occasionally causes death, worldwide. mild symptoms are self-limiting but in more severe cases, antibiotics are recommended for cure and preventing relapse. the antibiotics recommended are diverse, have regional differences in sensitivity, and have side effects. | 2009 | 19821387 |
| prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and intestinal parasites among food handlers in sanliurfa, southeastern anatolia. | food-borne diseases represent a persistent global health burden, and food handlers play a major role in their transmission. staphylococcus aureus carriage and intestinal parasitism are important risk factors for the contamination of food and water. this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and intestinal parasites among food handlers working in sanliurfa, southeastern anatolia. | 2009 | 19823157 |
| secretory iga-mediated neutralization of shigella flexneri prevents intestinal tissue destruction by down-regulating inflammatory circuits. | shigella, a gram-negative invasive enteropathogenic bacterium responsible for bacillary dysentery, causes the rupture, invasion, and inflammatory destruction of the human colonic mucosa. we explored the mechanisms of protection mediated by shigella lps-specific secretory iga (siga), the major mucosal ab induced upon natural infection. bacteria, siga, or siga-s. flexneri immune complexes were administered into rabbit ligated intestinal loops containing a peyer's patch. after 8 h, localizations of ... | 2009 | 19828639 |
| beneficial role of green plantain [musa paradisiaca] in the management of persistent diarrhea: a prospective randomized trial. | to evaluate the beneficial effects of green plantain-based diet on stool volume, frequency and weight gain as compared with a traditional yogurt-based diet in children with persistent diarrhea. | 2009 | 19828902 |
| how autophagy regulates the host cell signaling associated with the postpartum bacteria cocoon experienced as a danger signal. | shigella, the causative agent of human bacillary dysentery, invades the host cell, rapidly breaking the phagosome and multiplying in the cytosol. here, we summarize our recent work showing the targeting of the leftover membrane remnants to autophagy together with trapped membrane-associated signaling molecules recruited during the immediate early entry step. we suggest that this mechanism participates in the bacteria-dependent orchestration of the cell response. moreover, we propose that this si ... | 2009 | 19829050 |
| effect of x-ray treatments on inoculated escherichia coli o157: h7, salmonella enterica, shigella flexneri and vibrio parahaemolyticus in ready-to-eat shrimp. | this study was conducted to evaluate the inactivation effect of x-ray treatments on escherichia coli o157: h7, salmonella enteric (s. enterica), shigella flexneri (s. flexneri) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus) artificially inoculated in ready-to-eat (rte) shrimp. a mixed culture of three strains of each tested pathogen was used to inoculate rte shrimp. the shrimp samples were inoculated individually with selected pathogenic bacteria then aseptically placed in sterile plastic cup ... | 2009 | 19835772 |
| the mannitol operon repressor mtlr belongs to a new class of transcription regulators in bacteria. | many bacteria express phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems (pts). the mannitol-specific pts catalyze the uptake and phosphorylation of d-mannitol. the uptake system comprises several genes encoded in the single operon. the expression of the mannitol operon is regulated by a proposed transcriptional factor, mannitol operon repressor (mtlr) that was first studied in escherichia coli. here we report the first crystal structures of mtlr from vibrio parahemeolyticus (vp-mtlr) and ... | 2009 | 19840941 |
| enteroinvasive escherichia coli vs. shigella flexneri: how different patterns of gene expression affect virulence. | important features of the enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) phenotype and gene expression likely to confer eiec with a lower ability to cause disease than shigella flexneri were described here for the first time. to confirm the lower pathogenicity of eiec, we have analyzed the keratoconjunctivitis developed in guinea-pigs with eiec or s. flexneri. shigella flexneri induced a more pronounced proinflammatory response, whereas eiec induced a mild form of the disease. eiec showed a significantl ... | 2009 | 19889166 |
| pneumonia caused by shigella sonnei in man returned from india. | 2009 | 19891897 | |
| spatial distribution of diarrhoea and microbial quality of domestic water during an outbreak of diarrhoea in the tshikuwi community in venda, south africa. | total microbial quality assessment and geographical information system were used for evaluating the quality of water and the spatial distribution of diarrhoea cases in tshikuwi, a rural community in south africa, during an outbreak of diarrhoea. the water-abstraction points included two groundwater storage tanks, namely tank 1 and tank 2 and the khandanama river. indicator microbial counts for total coliforms, faecal coliforms, enterococci, and heterotrophic bacteria exceeded the limit for no ri ... | 2009 | 19902801 |
| antimicrobial activity of broth fermented with kefir grains. | kefir grains originate from the caucasus region and are used for preparing beverages using sugar solution, milk, and fruit juice. as long as they are formed by a microbial consortium useful in the intestine, the produced drinks can be called probiotics. the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity during kefir fermentation in sugar broth. fermentations with three kinds of carbohydrates (molasses, demerara sugar, and brown sugar) as carbon source were carried out. brown sugar ... | 2009 | 18663417 |
| mitracarpus frigidus aerial parts exhibited potent antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and antioxidant effects. | the crude extract and the hexane, ch(2)cl(2), etoac, n-buoh, and hydromethanolic fractions of the aerial parts of mitracarpus frigidus were evaluated against promastigote forms of two species of leishmania (l. chagasi and l. amazonensis), 11 strains of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica sorovar tythimurium, shigella sonnei, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, enterococcus faecalis, enterobacter cloacae, streptococcus pyogenes and ... | 2009 | 18644325 |
| reduction in infection risk through treatment of microbially contaminated surfaces with a novel, portable, saturated steam vapor disinfection system. | surface-mediated infectious disease transmission is a major concern in various settings, including schools, hospitals, and food-processing facilities. chemical disinfectants are frequently used to reduce contamination, but many pose significant risks to humans, surfaces, and the environment, and all must be properly applied in strict accordance with label instructions to be effective. this study set out to determine the capability of a novel chemical-free, saturated steam vapor disinfection syst ... | 2009 | 18834748 |
| quinolone-induced arthropathy: an update focusing on new mechanistic and clinical data. | quinolones possess favourable antibacterial and pharmacokinetic characteristics and are often used as anti-infective agents in adults. they are contraindicated in children and adolescents because they damage weight-bearing joints in juvenile animals. in addition, they possess a tendotoxic potential. since ciprofloxacin has been used off-label for decades in children and adolescents, it is known today that no pronounced risks for arthropathies or tendinopathies exist in humans. recently published ... | 2009 | 18835137 |
| design, synthesis and in vitro microbiological evaluation of 6,6-dimethyl-7,9-diaryl-1,2,4,8-tetraazaspiro[4.5]decan-3-thiones--a new series of 'tailor-made' compounds. | some novel 'tailor-made' compounds, 6,6-dimethyl-7,9-diaryl-1,2,4,8-tetraazaspiro[4.5]decan-3-thiones 23-27 have been studied for their in vitro antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, beta-heamolytic streptococcus, vibreo cholerae, salmonella typhii, shigella felxneri, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aeruginosa and anti-fungal activity against aspergillus flavus, mucor, rhizopus and microsporum gypsuem. compounds 24 and 25 exerted potent antibacterial activity ... | 2009 | 18830884 |
| bacterial enteropathogens of neonates admitted to an urban diarrhoeal hospital in bangladesh. | data on the aetiology of diarrhoea in neonates are scarce, especially from developing countries including bangladesh. a retrospective review of the electronic database of the microbiology laboratory of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b), was carried out to examine enteropathogens associated with diarrhoea in neonates. stool specimens of the neonates on admission to the dhaka hospital of icddr,b were collected and sent to the laboratory for direct plati ... | 2009 | 18840632 |
| design, synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of 4,6-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-2h-indazol-3-ols. | new 4,6-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-2h-indazol-3-ols 25-32 were designed, synthesized and in vitro microbially evaluated using clinically isolated bacterial strains viz staphylococcus aureus, beta-heamolytic streptococcus, vibreo cholerae, salmonella typhii, shigella felxneri and fungal strains viz aspergillus flavus, mucor, rhizopus and microsporum gypsuem. results of this study showed that the nature of the substituents on the phenyl rings viz., methyl, methoxy, chloro, nitro as well as the br ... | 2009 | 18825556 |
| metal based isatin-derived sulfonamides: their synthesis, characterization, coordination behavior and biological activity. | some isatin derived sulfonamides and their transition metal [co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii), zn(ii)] complexes have been synthesized and characterized. the structure of synthesized compounds and their nature of bonding have been inferred on the basis of their physical (magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements), analytical (elemental analyses) and spectral (ir, (1)h nmr and (13)c nmr) properties. an octahedral geometry has been suggested for co(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) and square-planar for cu ... | 2009 | 18825557 |
| guideline for the investigation and initial therapy of diarrhea-negative hemolytic uremic syndrome. | this guideline for the investigation and initial treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is intended to offer an approach based on opinion, as evidence is lacking. it builds on the current ability to identify the etiology of specific diagnostic sub-groups of hus. hus in children is mostly due to infection, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec), shigella dysenteriae type 1 in some geographic regions, and invasive streptococcus pneumoniae. these sub-groups are relatively straight ... | 2009 | 18800230 |
| nlrc4/ipaf: a card carrying member of the nlr family. | the nod-like receptor (nlr) family of proteins is involved in the regulation of innate immune responses and cell death pathways. recent findings show that the nlr family member nlrc4 (also known as ipaf) has important roles in innate immune responses to gram-negative bacteria. macrophages infected with legionella pneumophila, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, or pseudomonas aeruginosa activate caspase-1 in an nlrc4-dependent manner leading to macrophage cell death and the release of pro ... | 2009 | 18819842 |
| the in vitro anti-pathogenic activity of immunoglobulin concentrates extracted from ovine blood. | an immunoglobulin-rich fraction has been prepared from ovine blood in our laboratory. we have investigated its antibacterial activity and binding activity to pathogenic whole cell antigens, lipopolysaccharide (lps) and staphylococcal enterotoxin b. ovine immunoglobulin concentrate (oic) comprised about 73 +/- 2% of igg and 11 +/- 1% of igm on a protein basis. it inhibited the growth of all 13 strains of pathogens tested, but the inhibitory activity varied according to bacterial strain. the inhib ... | 2009 | 18769875 |
| acanthamoeba castellanii an environmental host for shigella dysenteriae and shigella sonnei. | the interaction between shigella dysenteriae or shigella sonnei and acanthamoeba castellanii was studied by viable counts, gentamicin assay and electron microscopy. the result showed that shigella dysenteriae or shigella sonnei grew and survived in the presence of amoebae for more than 3 weeks. gentamicin assay showed that the shigella were viable inside the acanthamoeba castellanii which was confirmed by electron microscopy that showed the shigella localized in the cytoplasm of the acanthamoeba ... | 2009 | 18712360 |
| effect of lactoferrin on enteric pathogens. | much has been learned in recent years about the mechanisms by which breastfeeding improves child health and survival. however, there has been little progress in using these insights to improve pediatric care. factors that are important for protecting the breast fed infant might be expected to decrease the adverse effects of weaning on diarrhea, growth, and development. lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein with multiple physiological functions (anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulat ... | 2009 | 18472012 |
| international foodborne outbreak of shigella sonnei infection in airline passengers. | during 22-24 august 2004, an outbreak of shigella sonnei infection affected air travellers who departed from hawaii. forty-seven passengers with culture-confirmed shigellosis and 116 probable cases who travelled on 12 flights dispersed to japan, australia, 22 us states, and american samoa. all flights were served by one caterer. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of all 29 s. sonnei isolates yielded patterns that matched within one band. food histories and menu reviews identified raw carrot served ... | 2009 | 18177516 |
| etiology of childhood diarrhea in the northeast of brazil: significant emergent diarrheal pathogens. | in a study conducted in joão pessoa, northeast of brazil, 2344 escherichia coli isolated from 290 infants with diarrhea and 290 healthy matched controls were analyzed for virulence traits. enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec) was the most prevalent pathogen associated to acute diarrhea. based on the results of colony blot hybridization, serotyping, and hep-2 cell adherence assays, strains were separated in categories as typical enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) (1.7%), atypical epec (a-epec) (9.3%), e ... | 2010 | 18508227 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri on spinach leaves by x-ray. | several recent foodborne disease outbreaks associated with leafy green vegetables, including spinach, have been reported. x-ray is a non-thermal technology that has shown promise for reducing pathogenic and spoilage bacteria on spinach leaves. inactivation of inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri on spinach leaves using x-ray at different doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kgy) was studied. the effect of x-ray on col ... | 2010 | 19913687 |
| effects of x-ray radiation on escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri inoculated on shredded iceberg lettuce. | the main goal of this investigation was to study the efficacy of x-ray doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kgy) on inoculated escherichia coli o157: h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri on shredded iceberg lettuce. the second goal was to study the effect of x-ray on the inherent microflora counts and visual color of shredded iceberg lettuce during storage at 4 degrees c for 30 days. treatment with 1.0 kgy x-ray significantly reduced the population o ... | 2010 | 19913700 |
| yersinia enterocolitica in slaughter pig tonsils: enumeration and detection by enrichment versus direct plating culture. | tonsil samples from 139 slaughter pigs were examined for the presence of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica by enrichment procedures based on the standard method iso 10273:2003. in addition, samples were tested by direct plating method to evaluate its efficiency compared to the enrichment culture methods and to quantify the level of contamination in porcine tonsils. in total, 52 samples (37.4%) were positive for pathogenic y. enterocolitica, all belonging to bioserotype 4/o:3. fifty out of the 5 ... | 2010 | 19913707 |
| adaptive immune responses during shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection: an in vitro stimulation with 57 kda major antigenic omp in the presence of anti-cd3 antibody. | an effort was made to understand the role of the 57 kda major antigenic fraction of shigella outer membrane protein (omp) in the presence of t-cell antigen receptor in activation of adaptive immune responses of the cell mediated immune (cmi) restored patients. the expression of hla-dr/cd4 out of cd3(+) t-cells was significantly dominant over the hla-dr/cd8 and comparable to unstimulated cells of infected or healthy controls. cd4(+) t-cell activation together with hla-dr is associated with the ex ... | 2010 | 19915959 |
| differentiation and identification of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli in environmental waters by a molecular method and biochemical test. | both shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) are important human pathogens that are responsible for the majority of cases of endemic bacillary dysentery. however, they are difficult to identify and differentiate by biochemical tests or molecular methods alone. in this study, we developed a procedure to detect shigella spp. and eiec from environmental water samples using membrane filtration followed by nutrient broth enrichment, isolation using selective culture plates, and ident ... | 2010 | 19917511 |
| the australian bush fly (musca vetustissima) as a potential vector in the transmission of foodborne pathogens at outdoor eateries. | abstract australian outdoor activities are often accompanied by a barbeque (bbq) with family, friends, and guests, which are often interrupted by uninvited guests in the form of the australian bush fly, musca vetustissima. we investigated the bacterial loading associated with the australian bush in three different environments: on a cattle farm, in a typical urban area (shopping center car park), and at a bbq. the highest bacterial populations per fly were found to occur in a farm environment ( ... | 2010 | 19895260 |