Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| synthesis, spectral characterization, in-vitro microbiological evaluation and cytotoxic activities of novel macrocyclic bis hydrazone. | a macrocyclic hydrazone schiff base was synthesized by reacting 1,4-dicarbonyl phenyl dihydrazide with 2,6-diformyl-4-methyl phenol and a series of metal complexes with this new schiff base were synthesized by reaction with co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) metal salts. the schiff base and its complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, ir, (1)h nmr, uv-vis, fab mass, esr spectra, fluorescence, thermal, magnetic and molar conductance data. the analytical data reveal that the co(ii), ni(ii) ... | 2009 | 19419802 |
| lack of antimicrobial activity by the antiretroviral drug nevirapine against common bacterial pathogens. | 2009 | 19487448 | |
| bacteria hijack integrin-linked kinase to stabilize focal adhesions and block cell detachment. | the rapid turnover and exfoliation of mucosal epithelial cells provides an innate defence system against bacterial infection. nevertheless, many pathogenic bacteria, including shigella, are able to surmount exfoliation and colonize the epithelium efficiently. here we show that the shigella flexneri effector ospe (consisting of ospe1 and ospe2 proteins), which is highly conserved among enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, citrobacter rodentium and salmonella strains, rei ... | 2009 | 19489119 |
| estimated burden of human salmonella, shigella, and brucella infections in jordan, 2003-2004. | there is limited information on the disease burden due to foodborne pathogens in the eastern mediterranean region. this study estimates the burden of disease in jordan for salmonella, shigella, and brucella during 1 year. | 2009 | 19415972 |
| comparative study of pathogenicity tests for shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains. | the purpose of this study was to optimize an in vitro pathogenicity model, as an alternative to sereny test (on guinea pigs). the study was performed on 13 shigella spp. and 3 enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) strains isolated in romania between 2005 and 2007. the investigation implied the comparative evaluation between the sereny test and cravioto's adapted method for the assessment of the adherence and invasion capacity of the studied bacterial strains on hela cells, as well as the pcr de ... | 2009 | 19507627 |
| [norovirus infection in general hospitals for adults]. | to determine the role of noroviruses in the rise of hospital outbreaks of acute intestinal infections (aii), to study clinical and epidemiological aspects of hospital noroviral infection. | 2009 | 19514424 |
| going round in circles: the structural biology of type iii secretion systems. | 2009 | 19421157 | |
| rational design and immunogenicity of liposome-based diepitope constructs: application to synthetic oligosaccharides mimicking the shigella flexneri 2a o-antigen. | we have designed chemically defined diepitope constructs consisting of liposomes displaying at their surface synthetic oligosaccharides mimicking the o-antigen of the shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (b-cell epitope) and influenza hemagglutinin peptide ha 307-319 (th epitope). using well controlled and high-yielding covalent bioconjugation reactions, the two structurally independent epitopes were coupled to the lipopeptide pam(3)cag, i.e. a tlr2 ligand known for its adjuvant properties, a ... | 2009 | 19559116 |
| molecular typing methodologies for microbial source tracking and epidemiological investigations of gram-negative bacterial foodborne pathogens. | gram-negative bacterial foodborne pathogens are a worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. the ability to carry out epidemiological investigations to determine the primary sources of bacterial contamination is important to improve public health. multiple methods are available for bacterial source tracking and to determine the distribution of pathogens isolated from sick patients. the molecular based typing methods available fall into three general categories: those based on restriction analys ... | 2009 | 19460308 |
| comparison of two label-free global quantitation methods, apex and 2d gel electrophoresis, applied to the shigella dysenteriae proteome. | the in vitro stationary phase proteome of the human pathogen shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (sd1) was quantitatively analyzed in coomassie blue g250 (cbb)-stained 2d gels. more than four hundred and fifty proteins, of which 271 were associated with distinct gel spots, were identified. in parallel, we employed 2d-lc-ms/ms followed by the label-free computationally modified spectral counting method apex for absolute protein expression measurements. of the 4502 genome-predicted sd1 proteins, 1148 ... | 2009 | 19563668 |
| [a multicentre study of shigella spp in henan province, during 2000-2007]. | 2009 | 19565889 | |
| broad-range pcr, cloning and sequencing of the full 16s rrna gene for detection of bacterial dna in synovial fluid samples of tunisian patients with reactive and undifferentiated arthritis. | broad-range rdna pcr provides an alternative, cultivation-independent approach for identifying bacterial dna in reactive and other form of arthritis. the aim of this study was to use broad-range rdna pcr targeting the 16s rrna gene in patients with reactive and other forms of arthritis and to screen for the presence of dna from any given bacterial species in synovial fluid (sf) samples. | 2009 | 19570210 |
| protein interaction platforms: visualization of interacting proteins in yeast. | here we describe the protein interaction platform assay, a method for identifying interacting proteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae. this assay relies on the reovirus scaffolding protein microns, which forms large focal inclusions in living cells. when a query protein is fused to microns and potential interaction partners are fused to a fluorescent reporter, interactors can be identified by screening for yeast that display fluorescent foci. | 2009 | 19483691 |
| metabolic control through ornithine and uracil of epithelial cell invasion by shigella flexneri. | this paper shows that compounds in defined growth media strongly influence the expression of the effectors of virulence in the human invasive pathogen shigella flexneri. ornithine in conjunction with uracil reduces the haemolytic ability of wild-type cultures more than 20-fold and the expression of the type iii secretion system more than 8-fold, as monitored by an mxic : : lacz transcriptional reporter. mxic gene expression is further decreased by the presence of methionine or branched-chain ami ... | 2009 | 19460819 |
| porin of shigella dysenteriae directly promotes toll-like receptor 2-mediated cd4+ t cell survival and effector function. | porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 up-regulated toll-like receptor (tlr)2 on cd3-stimulated cd4(+) t cells but could not induce the expression of other tlrs. tlr2 in association with myeloid differentiating factor 88 (myd88) triggered the downstream signal transduction pathway leading to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab), and degradation of ikappab, the nf-kappab inhibitor. tlr2 co-stimulation by porin resulted in t cell expansion by in ... | 2009 | 19576636 |
| design, synthesis, and immunochemical characterization of a chimeric glycopeptide corresponding to the shigella flexneri y o-polysaccharide and its peptide mimic mdwnmhaa. | two glycopeptide chimeras corresponding to the shigella flexneri y o-polysaccharide and its peptide mimic were designed in an attempt to improve the binding affinity by increasing the entropy of binding relative to the original octapeptide mimic of the o-polysaccharide. the design was based on the x-ray crystal structures of a monoclonal antibody sya/j6 in complex with its cognate ligands, a pentasaccharide corresponding to the s. flexneri y o-polysaccharide and the octapeptide mimic, mdwnmhaa. ... | 2009 | 19467535 |
| incidence of multiple antibiotic resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated from surface and underground water sources in south western region of nigeria. | in most rural and urban settlements, particularly in nigeria, wells, spring, streams or rivers and lakes serves as major sources of water supply for drinking and other domestic purposes. unfortunately, many of the available water sources are not potable without some form of treatment which is seldom available in most settings. the use of untreated surface water sources for drinking and for domestic purposes remains a major threat to public health as these could serve as reservoirs the for transf ... | 2009 | 19474486 |
| characterization of shigella sonnei isolates from travel-associated cases in japan. | shigella sonnei infection in industrialized countries is often associated with foreign travel. a total of 195 s. sonnei isolates in japan, isolated from cases associated with foreign travel, were analysed by biotyping and molecular typing using pfge and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva); their antimicrobial susceptibilities were also evaluated. the isolates were from 26 countries, most of which were asian. molecular typing revealed a correlation among the genotypes, biotyp ... | 2009 | 19589900 |
| involvement of rna-binding protein hfq in the osmotic-response regulation of inve gene expression in shigella sonnei. | the expression of type iii secretion system (ttss) in shigella is regulated in response to changes in environmental osmolarity and temperature. temperature-dependent regulation of virf, the master regulator of ttss synthesis, is believed to occur at the transcriptional level. we recently demonstrated, however, that ttss synthesis also involves post-transcriptional regulation of the synthesis of inve, a target of virf and key regulator of ttss synthesis. the mrna levels of inve (virb) are stable ... | 2009 | 19476612 |
| ipab-ipgc interaction defines binding motif for type iii secretion translocator. | the delivery of virulence factors into host cells through type iii secretion systems is essential for enterobacterial pathogenesis. molecular chaperones bind specifically to virulence factors in the bacterial cytosol before secretion. invasion plasmid gene c (ipgc) is a chaperone that binds 2 essential virulence factors of shigella: invasion plasmid antigens (ipa) b and c. here, we report the crystal structure of ipgc alone and in complex with the chaperone binding domain (cbd) of ipab. the chap ... | 2009 | 19478065 |
| an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae in sweden, may-june 2009, with sugar snaps as the suspected source. | we report an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae type 2 infections during may-june 2009 in sweden, involving 47 suspected cases of whom 35 were laboratory-confirmed. the epidemiological investigation based on interviews with the patients pointed at sugar snaps from kenya as the source. shigella was not detected in samples of sugar snaps. however, escherichia coli was confirmed in three of four samples indicating contamination by faecal material. during april to may 2009 outbreaks with shigella conn ... | 2009 | 19607782 |
| comparison of acute bloody and watery diarrhea: a case control study. | the clinical and laboratory findings of 290 cases of bloody diarrhea who presented to the department of diarrhea training and treatment between june 1998 and may 2002 were investigated, and compared to those of two consecutive cases who had watery diarrhea. the bloody diarrhea group had higher mean age, higher frequencies of diarrhea, lower frequencies of vomiting, and shorter durations of diarrhea at the time of admission as compared to the watery diarrhea group. the number of cases using antib ... | 2009 | 19480324 |
| laboratory-acquired infections. | laboratory-acquired infections due to a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have been described. although the precise risk of infection after an exposure remains poorly defined, surveys of laboratory-acquired infections suggest that brucella species, shigella species, salmonella species, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and neisseria meningitidis are the most common causes. infections due to the bloodborne pathogens (hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, and human immunodeficiency ... | 2009 | 19480580 |
| reactive arthritis: clinical aspects and medical management. | reactive arthritis (rea) is an inflammatory arthritis that arises after certain gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections, representing a classic interplay between host and environment. it belongs to the group of arthritidies known as the spondyloarthropathies. the classic syndrome is a triad of symptoms, including the urethra, conjunctiva, and synovium; however, the majority of patients do not present with this triad. diagnostic criteria for rea exist, but data suggest new criteria are neede ... | 2009 | 19480995 |
| analytical comparison of nine pcr primer sets designed to detect the presence of escherichia coli/shigella in water samples. | the analytical performance of 9 different pcr primer sets designed to detect escherichia coli and shigella in water has been evaluated in terms of ubiquity, specificity, and analytical detection limit. of the 9 pcr primer sets tested, only 3 of the 5 primer sets targeting uida gene and the primer set targeting tuf gene amplified dna from all e. coli strains tested. however, of those 4 primer sets, only the primer set targeting the tuf gene also amplified dna from all shigella strains tested. for ... | 2009 | 19482328 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for molecular epidemiology of food pathogens. | foodborne diseases due to well-recognized pathogens have emerged as an important and growing public health problem with a significant impact on health. molecular methods for subtyping these microorganisms have become a valid adjunct to the traditional techniques employed in most laboratories. one such molecular technique for the detection and identification of food pathogens is pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). this method separates large dna molecules by the use of an alternating electri ... | 2009 | 19521867 |
| bacterial type iii effectors inhibit cell lifting by targeting integrin-linked kinase. | many pathogenic bacteria are able to surmount exfoliation and colonize the host epithelium efficiently. in a recent article in nature, kim et al. (2009) show that shigella flexneri ospe, a conserved type iii effector, reinforces host cell adherence and prevents detachment of the infected cells by interacting with integrin-linked kinase. | 2009 | 19527878 |
| sarcosaprophagous flies in suez governorate, egypt iv--persistence of human pathogenic bacteria in the developmental stages. | the persistence of three species of human pathogenic bacteria (escherichia coli, shigella sonnei and staphylococcus epidermidis) in sterile artificially fed larvae was examined till adult emergence after ingestion by three species of sarcosaprophagous flies (house fly, musca domestica, oriental latrine blow fly, chrysomya megacephala and australian cheep blow fly, lucilia cuprina). the number of bacteria present in mature maggots, pupae and emerging adults declined significantly (p < 0.05). each ... | 2009 | 19530618 |
| [isolation and study of perspective probiotic strain of spore-forming bacteria from bacillus genus]. | to study physiologic, biochemical as well as antagonistic characteristics of isolated strain of bacillus pumilus in comparison with known spore-forming bacteria from b. subtilis species. | 2009 | 19623717 |
| [etiology of acute enteric infection in children with arid zone and effect of probiotics]. | to study etiologic structure of acute enteric infections (aei) with isolation of hemolytic and enteropathogenic escherichia and to assess the efficacy of probiotic therapy during infections caused by e. coli. | 2009 | 19623719 |
| bulging fontanelle in febrile infants: is lumbar puncture mandatory? | to determine the aetiologies and clinical characteristics of infants with fever and a bulging fontanelle. | 2009 | 19531528 |
| differentiation of whole bacterial cells based on high-throughput microarray chip printing and infrared microspectroscopic readout. | using robotic automation, a microarray printing protocol for whole bacterial cells was developed for subsequent label-free and nondestructive infrared microspectroscopic detection. using this contact microspotting system, 24 microorganisms were printed on zinc selenide slides; these were 6 species of listeria, 10 species of vibrio, 2 strains of photobacterium damselae, yersinia enterocolitica 289, bacillus cereus atcc 14529, staphylococcus aureus, atcc 19075 (serotype 104 b), shigella sonnei 201 ... | 2009 | 19630511 |
| [development of single base extension-tags microarray for the detection of food-borne pathogens]. | we developed single base extension-tags (sbe-tags) microarray to detect eight common food-borne pathogens, including staphylococcus aureus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, enterobacter sakazaki, shigella, escherichia coli o157:h7 and campylobacter jejuni. with specific pcr primers identified and integrated for eight food-borne pathogens, target sequences were amplified and purified as template dna of single base extension-tags reaction. the products were hybridized t ... | 2009 | 19637631 |
| [multiplex pcr assay for dissemination and diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in shigella isolates]. | to develop a rapid and simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method which discriminates extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) genes in sporadic shigella isolates from 1998 to 2007 in hangzhou city, china. | 2009 | 19534925 |
| a food-borne outbreak of shigella sonnei gastroenteritis, austria, 2008. | we report on the first foodborne outbreak of shigella sonnei described in austria. on july 14 2008, ages was informed of a cluster of 22 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with s. sonnei restricted to public health district x in the province of salzburg. all cases had attended a youth-group trip to a small village in the province of tyrol from july 7 to july 9. an outbreak case among the trip participants was a person who (1) attended the trip and (2) fell ill with diarrhea in the period be ... | 2009 | 19280143 |
| role of azithromycin against clinical isolates of family enterobacteriaceae: a comparison of its minimum inhibitory concentration by three different methods. | to determine the effect of azithromycin, a new azalide antibiotic, on clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae and to determine and compare its minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) by disk diffusion, agar dilution and e-test methods. | 2009 | 19384031 |
| genetics and virulence association of the shigella flexneri sit iron transport system. | the sit-encoded iron transport system is present within pathogenicity islands in all shigella spp. and some pathogenic escherichia coli strains. the islands contain numerous insertion elements and sequences with homology to bacteriophage genes. the shigella flexneri sit genes can be lost as a result of deletion within the island. the formation of deletions was dependent upon reca and occurred at relatively high frequency. this suggests that the sit region is inherently unstable, yet sit genes ar ... | 2009 | 19289511 |
| design of alpha-transglucosidases of controlled specificity for programmed chemoenzymatic synthesis of antigenic oligosaccharides. | combined with chemical synthesis, the use of biocatalysts holds great potential to open the way to novel molecular diversity. we report in vitro chemoenzymatic pathways that, for the first time, take advantage of enzyme engineering to produce complex microbial cell-surface oligosaccharides and circumvent the chemical boundaries of glycochemistry. glycoenzymes were designed to act on nonnatural conveniently protected substrates to produce intermediates compatible with a programmed chemical elonga ... | 2009 | 19432472 |
| comparison of the entericbio multiplex pcr system with routine culture for detection of bacterial enteric pathogens. | the entericbio system uses a multiplex pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of campylobacter spp., salmonella enterica, shigella spp., and escherichia coli o157 from feces. it combines overnight broth enrichment with pcr amplification and detection by hybridization. an evaluation of this system was conducted by comparing the results obtained with the system with those obtained by routine culture, supplemented with alternative pcr detection methods. in a study of 773 samples, routine culture ... | 2009 | 19726596 |
| nonculturable response of animal enteropathogens in the agricultural environment and implications for food safety. | concerns about animal enteropathogen contamination of fresh horticultural products have,increased worldwide and are mainly due to the ability of bacteria to survive under stress conditions in the agricultural environment and during raw-vegetable processing. this review challenges the idea that the viable but nonculturable phenomenon that has been proven to occur in plant-associated environments contributes to human pathogen survival and might be correlated with foodborne infection. factors assoc ... | 2009 | 19610353 |
| high frequency of hotspot mutations in core genes of escherichia coli due to short-term positive selection. | core genes comprising the ubiquitous backbone of bacterial genomes are not subject to frequent horizontal transfer and generally are not thought to contribute to the adaptive evolution of bacterial pathogens. we determined, however, that at least one-third and possibly more than one-half of the core genes in escherichia coli genomes are targeted by repeated replacement substitutions in the same amino acid positions-hotspot mutations. occurrence of hotspot mutations is driven by positive selectio ... | 2009 | 19617543 |
| structural insights into host gtpase isoform selection by a family of bacterial gef mimics. | the escherichia coli type iii effector map belongs to a large family of bacterial virulence factors that activate host rho gtpase signaling pathways through an unknown molecular mechanism. here we report direct evidence that map functions as a potent and selective guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (gef) for cdc42. the 2.3-a structure of the map-cdc42 complex revealed that map mimics the gef strategy of the mammalian dbl family but has a three-dimensional architecture that is nearly identical to ... | 2009 | 19620963 |
| [virulence factors and in vitro susceptibility of plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from diarrhea episodes in cuba]. | acute diarrhea is still one of the main causes of disease in developing countries. at the national reference laboratory for acute diarrhoeal diseases, of the "pedro kourí" tropical medicine institute, 54 plesiomonas shigelloides strains were serotyped. as a result, the circulation of four new serotypes (o20:h2, 056:h18, 071 :h31,081 :h22) was detected. the most common antigenic variant was 094:h3. in addition, the susceptibility pattern to 21 antimicrobial agents (aa) was studied. highest percen ... | 2009 | 19621156 |
| improvement of an acid phosphatase/dhap-dependent aldolase cascade reaction by using directed evolution. | to enhance the phosphorylating activity of the bacterial nonspecific acid phosphatase from salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium lt2 towards dihydroxyacetone (dha), a mutant library was generated from the native enzyme. three different variants that showed enhanced activity were identified after one round of eppcr. the single mutant v78l was the most active and showed an increase in the maximal dhap concentration to 25 % higher than that of the wild-type enzyme at ph 6.0. this variant is 17 times ... | 2009 | 19623595 |
| an integrative approach combining noncovalent mass spectrometry, enzyme kinetics and x-ray crystallography to decipher tgt protein-protein and protein-rna interaction. | the trna-modifying enzyme trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is a putative target for new selective antibiotics against shigella bacteria. the formation of a tgt homodimer was suggested on the basis of several crystal structures of tgt in complex with rna. in the present study, noncovalent mass spectrometry was used (i) to confirm the dimeric oligomerization state of tgt in solution and (ii) to evidence the binding stoichiometry of the complex formed between tgt and its full-length substrate tr ... | 2009 | 19627989 |
| [rapid detection of salmonella in food by using fluorescently labeled phage o-i]. | to develop a rapid detection method for salmonella in food by using specific salmonella-phage o-i. | 2009 | 19623962 |
| bcl-2 regulates the onset of shiga toxin 1-induced apoptosis in thp-1 cells. | shiga toxins (stxs), which are proteins expressed by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and some serotypes of escherichia coli, are potent protein synthesis inhibitors. stx-producing organisms cause bloody diarrhea with the potential to progress to acute renal failure and central nervous system complications. studies using animal models of these diseases have shown that stxs are major virulence factors, and purified toxins have been shown to be capable of killing many types of ... | 2009 | 19752028 |
| physicochemical, nutritional and antibacterial characteristics of the fruit of bromelia pinguin l. | bromelia pinguin l. is a plant native to sinaloa, mexico, where its fruit is used as food or as a phytotherapeutic agent. the fruits of b. pinguin were characterized and they could be considered as a functional food. these fruits show an average weight of 13.7 g and a yellow color of high luminosity (b* = 43.2, l* = 74.5). the values for acidity (4.6%, as citric acid) and ph (3.7) of b. pinguin fruit are similar to those of citrics. the edible portion is characterized by a high content of vitami ... | 2009 | 19536651 |
| effects of reduction products of ortho-hydroxyl substituted azo dyes on biodecolorization of azo dyes. | the mediated effects of reduction products of some ortho-hydroxyl substituted azo dyes on biodecolorization were investigated. the results indicated that the addition of reduction products could effectively accelerate dye decolorization by shigella sp. qrz-1. the best accelerating effect was obtained with the addition of reduction products of acid red 14 (ar14), resulting in an over 3-fold increase in decolorization efficiency of many azo dyes. in sequencing batch reactor experiments, the accele ... | 2009 | 19545943 |
| nitric oxide production in acute gastroenteritis in indian children. | this study compared nitric oxide (no) levels in 110 children with, and 110 children without, infectious gastroenteritis. post-infection intestinal function was assessed in a subset. at least one pathogen was identified in 47.2% of cases. the most common diarrhoeal pathogens were rotavirus (22.7%) and norovirus genogroup ii (11.8%). the levels of no measured by median urinary nitrite:creatinine ratio were significantly higher in children with diarrhoea [23.6; interquartile range (iqr) 12.3-46.7] ... | 2009 | 19552932 |
| imported fresh sugar peas as suspected source of an outbreak of shigella sonnei in denmark, april-may 2009. | we report on an outbreak of shigella sonnei infections involving ten cases notified through the laboratory surveillance system in denmark in april and may. the likely source was consumption of fresh, raw sugar peas (sugar snaps) imported from africa. this conclusion was based on interviews with cases and on the occurrence of a similar outbreak one month later in norway. fresh imported produce may occasionally be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria even when sold as ready-to-eat. | 2009 | 19555602 |
| study on induction of apoptosis on hela and vero cells by recombinant shiga toxin and its subunits. | verotoxin (vt) or shiga toxin (stx) produced by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and shigella dysenteriae is ab5 holotoxin with potent protein synthesis inhibitor. vt can induce both apoptosis and necrosis depending on the cell type, it has been shown that vt-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity are distinct processes, and the a subunit can be necessary for apoptosis. in other words, the precise role of each subunit in apoptosis signaling has yet to be established. in this study, inductio ... | 2009 | 19669659 |
| shigella sonnei infections in norway associated with sugar peas, may-june 2009. | in may 2009, the norwegian institute of public health (niph) identified a possible outbreak of shigella sonnei infection involving four cases. additionally, five suspected cases in two separate households were reported. inspectors from the norwegian food safety authority (nfsa) visited the two households and found an unopened package of sugar peas imported from kenya in one of the households. one sample from the sugar peas was positive for shigella sonnei by two pcr methods. based on this result ... | 2009 | 19555603 |
| the cellular level of o-antigen polymerase wzy determines chain length regulation by wzzb and wzzphs-2 in shigella flexneri 2a. | the lipopolysaccharide o antigen of shigella flexneri 2a has two preferred chain lengths, a short (s-oag) composed of an average of 17 repeated units and a very long (vl-oag) of about 90 repeated units. these chain length distributions are controlled by the chromosomally encoded wzzb and the plasmid-encoded wzz(phs-2) proteins, respectively. in this study, genes wzzb, wzz(phs-2) and wzy (encoding the o-antigen polymerase) were cloned under the control of arabinose- and rhamnose-inducible promote ... | 2009 | 19556292 |
| a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of lactobacillus gg in infantile diarrhea. | in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 229 infants hospitalized for acute diarrhea in rural india were given a 10-day course of lactobacillus rhammosus gg (minimum dose, 10 degrees bacteria) or placebo. there was no difference in groups in the duration of diarrhea or numbers of stool on days 3, 6, or 10 of treatment. | 2009 | 19559297 |
| diagnosis and treatment of acute or persistent diarrhea. | studies of microbial pathogens and the toxins they produce are important for determining the mechanisms by which they cause disease and spread throughout a population. some bacteria produce secretory enterotoxins (such as cholera toxin or the heat-labile or stable enterotoxins produced by escherichia coli) that invade cells directly. others invade cells or produce cytotoxins (such as those produced by shigella, enteroinvasive e coli, or clostridium difficile) that damage cells or trigger host re ... | 2009 | 19457416 |
| listeria monocytogenes membrane trafficking and lifestyle: the exception or the rule? | listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that promotes its internalization within nonprofessional phagocytes by interacting with specific host cell receptors. l. monocytogenes resides transiently in a membrane-bound compartment before escaping into the host cell cytosol where bacterial proliferation takes place. actin-based motility then promotes cell-to-cell pathogen spread. extensive studies on cytoskeleton rearrangements, membrane trafficking, and other events have establ ... | 2009 | 19575658 |
| ptdins5p protects akt from dephosphorylation through pp2a inhibition. | phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (ptdins5p), the most recently discovered phosphoinositide, has been proposed to play a role as a lipid mediator of intracellular signaling. we have previously shown that ptdins5p generated by ipgd, an effector of the causative agent of dysentery shigella flexneri, activates the pi 3-kinase/akt pathway. here, we demonstrate that ptdins5p is able to protect akt from dephosphorylation. this effect is not due to inhibition of the phosphoinositide phosphatase regulati ... | 2009 | 19576174 |
| aetiology of acute gastro-enteritis in children at saint camille medical centre, ouagadougou, burkina faso. | the present study aims at identifying the infectious agents responsible for child acute gastroenteritis (age) in ouagadougou. from may 5 2006 to june 22 2008, 648 children aged from 2 to 41 months, with at least an average of 3 loose stools per day have been enrolled for coproculture, parasitology and virology test. among them, 34 (5.25%) were hiv seropositive. a single sample of faeces from each child was used to identify enteropathogens. an infectious aetiology was identified in 41.20% of case ... | 2009 | 19579955 |
| influence of long-term consumption of a lactococcus lactis strain on the intestinal immunity and intestinal flora of the senescence-accelerated mouse. | the senescence-accelerated mouse develops normally until 5-6 months of age and then displays rapid and irreversible advancement of senescence manifesting as clinical signs and gross lesions. to clarify the effect of lactic acid bacteria on the physiological changes with increasing age, heat-killed lactococcus lactis g50 was administered to 1-month-old senescence-accelerated-prone mouse (samp)6 mice for 11 months, a senescence-accelerated mouse strain that develops senile osteoporosis. mice fed g ... | 2009 | 19586567 |
| rapid detection of intestinal pathogens in fecal samples by an improved reverse dot blot method. | to develop a new, rapid and accurate reverse dot blot (rdb) method for the detection of intestinal pathogens in fecal samples. | 2009 | 19469006 |
| potential applicability of chymotrypsin-susceptible microcin j25 derivatives to food preservation. | microcin j25 (mccj25) is a 21-residue ribosomally synthesized lariat peptide antibiotic. mccj25 is active against such food-borne disease-causing pathogens as salmonella spp., shigella spp., and escherichia coli, including e. coli o157:h7 and non-o157 strains. mccj25 is highly resistant to digestion by proteolytic enzymes present in the stomach and intestinal contents. mccj25 would therefore remain active in the gastrointestinal tract, affecting normal intestinal microbiota, and this limits the ... | 2009 | 19592527 |
| escherichia coli as reservoir for macrolide resistance genes. | the plasmid-borne mph(a) gene that confers resistance to azithromycin and has recently emerged in shigella sonnei is present in multidrug- and non-multidrug-resistant escherichia coli isolates from 4 continents. further spread of mph(a) to shigella and salmonella spp. may be expected. | 2009 | 19861064 |
| transmission risk factors and treatment of pediatric shigellosis during a large daycare center-associated outbreak of multidrug resistant shigella sonnei: implications for the management of shigellosis outbreaks among children. | shigellosis outbreaks in daycare centers result in substantial disease and economic burdens in the united states. the emergence of multidrug resistant shigella strains raises questions regarding control of transmission within daycare centers and treatment for children. from may to october 2005, 639 shigella sonnei cases were reported in northwest missouri, mostly among persons exposed to daycare centers. | 2009 | 19738503 |
| high-affinity inhibitors of trna-guanine transglycosylase replacing the function of a structural water cluster. | the trna-modifying enzyme trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is essential for the pathogenic mechanism of shigella flexneri, the causing agent of the bacterial diarrheal disease shigellosis. herein, the synthesis of a new class of rationally designed 6-amino-imidazo[4,5-g]quinazolin-8(7h)-one- (lin-benzoguanine) based inhibitors of tgt are reported. in order to accommodate a small hydrophobic crevice opening near the binding site of ribose-34, 2-aminoethyl substituents were introduced in positi ... | 2009 | 19746363 |
| peptide sequences identified by phage display are immunodominant functional motifs of pet and pic serine proteases secreted by escherichia coli and shigella flexneri. | plasmid-encoded toxin (pet) and protein involved in colonization (pic), are serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spates) secreted by enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec), which display the gdsgsg sequence or the serine motif. our research was directed to localize functional sites in both proteins using the phage display method. from a 12mer linear and a 7mer cysteine-constrained (c7c) libraries displayed on the m13 phage piii protein we selected different mimotopes using ... | 2009 | 19772881 |
| isolation of salmonella and shigella from fish harvested from the winam gulf of lake victoria, kenya. | human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish are quite common. the aim of this study was to isolate enteric pathogenic bacteria from fish that might be transmitted to humans after the handling or consumption of such fish. | 2009 | 19755738 |
| magnitude of drug resistant shigellosis: a report from bangalore. | shigella is an important cause of acute invasive diarrhea in children and others. antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella spp. isolated from diarrhoeal/ dysenteric patients in bangalore was studied in our hospital from january 2002 to december 2007. one hundred and thirty-four isolates were identified as shigella species. s. flexneri, s. sonnei , s. boydii and s. dysenteriae were accounted respectively for 64.9%, 21.6%, 8.2% and 3.7% of the total number of shigella isolated. of these 56 (41.8%) ... | 2009 | 19736408 |
| the shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 proteome, profiled in the host intestinal environment, reveals major metabolic modifications and increased expression of invasive proteins. | shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (sd1) causes the most severe form of epidemic bacillary dysentery. we present the first comprehensive proteome analysis of this pathogen, profiling proteins from bacteria cultured in vitro and bacterial isolates from the large bowel of infected gnotobiotic piglets (in vivo). overall, 1061 distinct gene products were identified. differential display analysis revealed that sd1 cells switched to an anaerobic energy metabolism in vivo. high in vivo abundances of amino ... | 2009 | 19813213 |
| increasing resistance to nalidixic acid in shigella subgroups in a comparative study between 2001-2003 and 2004-2006. | the shigella spp. is an organism with an ongoing changing resistance pattern to different antibiotics, thus making its appropriate treatment difficult. nalidixic acid has been one of the most common agents used for the treatment of shigellosis. recently, some studies have reported an emerging resistance to this agent. | 2009 | 19710978 |
| a novel glucosyltransferase involved in o-antigen modification of shigella flexneri serotype 1c. | the o antigen of serotype 1c differs from the unmodified o antigen of serotype y by the addition of a disaccharide (two glucosyl groups) to the tetrasaccharide repeating unit. it was shown here that addition of the first glucosyl group is mediated by the previously characterized gtri cluster, which is found within a cryptic prophage at the proa locus in the bacterial chromosome. transposon mutagenesis was performed to disrupt the gene responsible for addition of the second glucosyl group, causin ... | 2009 | 19717593 |
| multiplexed bead-based mesofluidic system for detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. | in the present study, a simple and rapid multiplexed bead-based mesofluidic system (bms) was developed for simultaneous detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria, including staphylococcus aureus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, enterobacter sakazakii, shigella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and campylobacter jejuni. this system is based on utilization of isothiocyanate-modified microbeads that are 250 mum in diameter, which were immobilized with specific amino-modified ... | 2009 | 19717622 |
| when shigella tells the cell to hang on. | ospe, a shigella type iii effector binds to integrin-like kinase and enhances cell adhesion to better disseminate and colonize the intestinal epithelium. because of the existence of ospe orthologues in other enteropathogens such as enteropathogenic escherichia coli or salmonella sp., maintenance of cell adhesion appears as a widespread strategy for bacteria that interact with the intestinal epithelium. | 2009 | 19720630 |
| assessment of cell surface properties and adhesion potential of selected probiotic strains. | to evaluate the physicochemical cell surface and adhesive properties of selected probiotic strains for human use. | 2009 | 19725886 |
| how autophagy regulates the host cell signaling associated with the postpartum bacteria cocoon experienced as a danger signal. | shigella, the causative agent of human bacillary dysentery, invades the host cell, rapidly breaking the phagosome and multiplying in the cytosol. here, we summarize our recent work showing the targeting of the leftover membrane remnants to autophagy together with trapped membrane-associated signaling molecules recruited during the immediate early entry step. we suggest that this mechanism participates in the bacteria-dependent orchestration of the cell response. moreover, we propose that this si ... | 2009 | 19829050 |
| oxidative and antibacterial activity of mn3o4. | mn(3)o(4) nanoparticles with diameter ca. 10nm were synthesized by the forced hydrolysis of mn(ii) acetate at 80 degrees c. the x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infra red (ft-ir) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (sem) and energy dispersive x-ray (edx) techniques were employed to study structural features and chemical composition of the nanoparticles. the unique oxidative activity of the mn(3)o(4) nanoparticles was demonstrated in the polymerization and dye degradation reactio ... | 2009 | 19733434 |
| enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli serogroup o111 inhibits nf-(kappa)b-dependent innate responses in a manner independent of a type iii secreted ospg orthologue. | enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic escherichia coli (ehec and epec) inject a repertoire of effector proteins into host cells via a type iii secretion system (t3ss) encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). ospg is an effector protein initially identified in shigella that was shown to inhibit the host innate immune response. in this study, we found ospg homologues in ehec (mainly of serogroup o111) and in yersinia enterocolitica. the t3ss encoded by the lee was able to inject thes ... | 2009 | 19628559 |
| screening, purification, and identification of the enzyme producing n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester. | screening was carried out for microorganisms able to produce n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester [apm] from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride. of the 422 strains examined, 44 strains belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae were found to produce apm. the enzyme catalyzing apm production was purified and identified as dipeptidase e. | 2009 | 19664550 |
| a genome-scale proteomic screen identifies a role for dnak in chaperoning of polar autotransporters in shigella. | autotransporters are outer membrane proteins that are widely distributed among gram-negative bacteria. like other autotransporters, the shigella autotransporter icsa, which is required for actin assembly during infection, is secreted at the bacterial pole. in the bacterial cytoplasm, icsa localizes to poles and potential cell division sites independent of the cell division protein ftsz. to identify bacterial proteins involved in the targeting of icsa to the pole in the bacterial cytoplasm, we sc ... | 2009 | 19684128 |
| the pathogenic properties of a novel and conserved gene product, kerv, in proteobacteria. | identification of novel virulence factors is essential for understanding bacterial pathogenesis and designing antibacterial strategies. in this study, we uncover such a factor, termed kerv, in proteobacteria. experiments carried out in a variety of eukaryotic host infection models revealed that the virulence of a pseudomonas aeruginosa kerv null mutant was compromised when it interacted with amoebae, plants, flies, and mice. bioinformatics analyses indicated that kerv is a hypothetical methyltra ... | 2009 | 19779606 |
| analysis of a temporal cluster of shigella boydii isolates in mpumalanga, south africa, november to december 2007. | shigellosis is a global human health problem. the disease is most prevalent in developing countries with poor access to safe potable water and sanitation. shigella boydii is of particular epidemiological importance in developing nations such as african and asian countries. in the present study, we report on the analysis of a temporal cluster of 29 s. boydii serotype 2 strains, isolated in the mpumalanga province of south africa (sa) over the period of november to december 2007. | 2009 | 19749451 |
| vaccination of children in low-resource countries against shigella is unlikely to present an undue risk of reactive arthritis. | shigellosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low-resource countries. promising vaccine strategies in development include genetically attenuated shigella, killed whole cell vaccines, subcellular vaccines, and o-polysaccharide-protein conjugates. there is a concern that shigella vaccines could either induce reactive arthritis or could prime vaccinees for arthritis after a subsequent exposure to the pathogen because shigellosis is associated with reactive arthritis, esp ... | 2009 | 19643213 |
| effect of iron on cytolysin a expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | previously, a novel protein clya (cytolysin a) has been identified in escherichia coli k-12, salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a and shigella. salmonella spp. synthesize substantial amounts of clya upon infection of the human host, although the mechanism by which clya is induced in vivo is unclear. since environmental signals could control the expression of virulence determinants, clya expression in s. typhi ty2 was tested by western blotting in the presence of normal pooled human ... | 2009 | 19763423 |
| molecular characterization of esbl-producing shigella sonnei isolates from patients with bacilliary dysentery in lebanon. | emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in shigella species imparting resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is a growing concern worldwide. the aim of this study is to molecularly characterize the newly emerging beta-lactam resistant shigella sonnei, specifically esbls in lebanon, and compare them to beta-lactam sensitive isolates. | 2009 | 19759494 |
| purification and characterization of an immunogenic outer membrane protein of shigella flexneri 2a. | in the present study we purified 34 kda major outer membrane protein (momp) of shigella flexneri 2a for the first time, which was cross-reactive and antigenically conserved among shigella spp. and the epitope was surface exposed on the intact bacterium. the purified antigen was found to be glycosylated, which aids in binding to macrophages and up-regulated the production of nitric oxide, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and il-12p70, indicating that the momp is immunogenic and has the abili ... | 2009 | 19660587 |
| uropathogenic escherichia coli suppresses the host inflammatory response via pathogenicity island genes sisa and sisb. | extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli can successfully colonize the urinary tract of the immunocompetent host. in part, this is accomplished by dampening the host immune response. indeed, the sisa and sisb genes (shia-like inflammation suppressor genes a and b) of uropathogenic e. coli strain cft073, homologs of the shigella flexneri shi-2 pathogenicity island gene shia, suppress the host inflammatory response. a double deletion mutant (deltasisa deltasisb) resulted in a hyperinflammatory ... | 2009 | 19797063 |
| microwave assisted, one-pot synthesis of 5-nitro- 2-aryl substituted-1h-benzimidazole libraries: screening in vitro for antimicrobial activity. | the efficient and rapid synthesis of 5-nitro-2-aryl substituted-1h-benzimidazole libraries (1a-1j) has been established. thus, both microwave and conventional cyclo-condensation of 4-nitro ortho-phenylenediamine with various phenoxyacetic acids were carried out in the presence of hcl catalyst. the microwave synthesis route afforded advantages, such as good to excellent yields, shorter reaction time (2.5-3.5 min), readily available starting material, and simple purification procedure, which disti ... | 2009 | 19772484 |
| bacterial jailbreak sounds cellular alarm: phagosome membrane remnants trigger signaling. | shigella flexneri and other invasive bacteria rupture the phagosome membrane and escape to the host cytoplasm. now, dupont et al. address the fate and signaling functions of pathogen vacuole remnants and show that these membrane fragments trigger host-cell-signaling responses, including polyubiquitination, autophagy, and pyroptosis. | 2009 | 19683675 |
| antibiotic resistance among shigella serogroups isolated in tehran, iran (2002-2004). | 2009 | 19801811 | |
| shigella phagocytic vacuolar membrane remnants participate in the cellular response to pathogen invasion and are regulated by autophagy. | intracellular pathogens like shigella flexneri enter host cells by phagocytosis. once inside, the pathogen breaks the vacuolar membrane for cytosolic access. the fate and function of the vacuolar membrane remnants are not clear. examining shigella-infected nonmyeloid cells, we observed that proteins associated with vacuolar membrane remnants are polyubiquinated, recruit the autophagy marker lc3 and adaptor p62, and are targeted to autophagic degradation. further, inflammasome components and casp ... | 2009 | 19683680 |
| protective role of mouse mbl-c on intestinal mucosa during shigella flexneri invasion. | mannan-binding lectin (mbl) is a c-type serum lectin, which is believed to play an important role in the innate immunity against a variety of pathogens. mbl can bind to sugar determinants of a wide variety of microorganisms, neutralize them and inhibit infection by complement activation through the lectin pathway and opsonization by collectin receptors. given that small intestine is a predominant site of extrahepatic expression of mbl, here we addressed the question whether mbl is involved in mu ... | 2009 | 19684159 |
| review article: anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of saccharomyces boulardii. | saccharomyces boulardii, a well-studied probiotic, can be effective in inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases with diverse pathophysiology, such as inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), and bacterially mediated or enterotoxin-mediated diarrhoea and inflammation. | 2009 | 19706150 |
| simultaneous detection of enteric bacteria from surface waters by qpcr in comparison with conventional bacterial indicators. | a rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) method was developed for simultaneous detection of enteric bacteria from surface waters by utilizing a pair of universal primers which targeted four bacteria strains, namely shigella dysenteriae, vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhimurium, and escherichia coli. it was estimated that the qpcr method had a 94% confidence, and a detection limit as 2.7 e. coli cells per sample in undiluted dna extracts. the qpcr method was applied for the bacteriolo ... | 2009 | 18931927 |
| design, synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of 4,6-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-2h-indazol-3-ols. | new 4,6-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-2h-indazol-3-ols 25-32 were designed, synthesized and in vitro microbially evaluated using clinically isolated bacterial strains viz staphylococcus aureus, beta-heamolytic streptococcus, vibreo cholerae, salmonella typhii, shigella felxneri and fungal strains viz aspergillus flavus, mucor, rhizopus and microsporum gypsuem. results of this study showed that the nature of the substituents on the phenyl rings viz., methyl, methoxy, chloro, nitro as well as the br ... | 2009 | 18825556 |
| the in vitro anti-pathogenic activity of immunoglobulin concentrates extracted from ovine blood. | an immunoglobulin-rich fraction has been prepared from ovine blood in our laboratory. we have investigated its antibacterial activity and binding activity to pathogenic whole cell antigens, lipopolysaccharide (lps) and staphylococcal enterotoxin b. ovine immunoglobulin concentrate (oic) comprised about 73 +/- 2% of igg and 11 +/- 1% of igm on a protein basis. it inhibited the growth of all 13 strains of pathogens tested, but the inhibitory activity varied according to bacterial strain. the inhib ... | 2009 | 18769875 |
| bacterial enteropathogens of neonates admitted to an urban diarrhoeal hospital in bangladesh. | data on the aetiology of diarrhoea in neonates are scarce, especially from developing countries including bangladesh. a retrospective review of the electronic database of the microbiology laboratory of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b), was carried out to examine enteropathogens associated with diarrhoea in neonates. stool specimens of the neonates on admission to the dhaka hospital of icddr,b were collected and sent to the laboratory for direct plati ... | 2009 | 18840632 |
| metal based isatin-derived sulfonamides: their synthesis, characterization, coordination behavior and biological activity. | some isatin derived sulfonamides and their transition metal [co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii), zn(ii)] complexes have been synthesized and characterized. the structure of synthesized compounds and their nature of bonding have been inferred on the basis of their physical (magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements), analytical (elemental analyses) and spectral (ir, (1)h nmr and (13)c nmr) properties. an octahedral geometry has been suggested for co(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) and square-planar for cu ... | 2009 | 18825557 |
| a genomic distance based on mum indicates discontinuity between most bacterial species and genera. | the fundamental unit of biological diversity is the species. however, a remarkable extent of intraspecies diversity in bacteria was discovered by genome sequencing, and it reveals the need to develop clear criteria to group strains within a species. two main types of analyses used to quantify intraspecies variation at the genome level are the average nucleotide identity (ani), which detects the dna conservation of the core genome, and the dna content, which calculates the proportion of dna share ... | 2009 | 18978054 |
| detection of escherichia coli, salmonella spp., shigella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, vibrio cholerae, and campylobacter spp. enteropathogens by 3-reaction multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | the magnitude of bacterial diarrhea in developing countries is largely unknown because affordable detection methods are not available. we have developed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for use in areas with limited resources to screen for diarrheogenic strains from clinical isolates. to simplify the assay and minimize reagents, our method implemented the use of plasmids rather than bacteria as template controls and the use of bacterial suspensions or crude dna preparations rather t ... | 2009 | 18990527 |
| the temporal dynamics of slightly deleterious mutations in escherichia coli and shigella spp. | the shigella are recently emerged clones of escherichia coli, which have independently adopted an intracellular pathogenic lifestyle. we examined the molecular evolutionary consequences of this niche specialization by comparing the normalized, directional frequency profiles of unique polymorphisms within 2,098 orthologues representing the intersection of five e. coli and four shigella genomes. we note a surfeit of at-enriching changes (gc-->at), transversions, and nonsynonymous changes in the sh ... | 2009 | 18984902 |