Publications

protective effects of zinc-bearing clinoptilolite on broilers challenged with salmonella pullorum.	this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc-bearing clinoptilolite (zncp) on broilers challenged with salmonella pullorum for a 21-d feeding trial. a total of 240 one-day-old chickens was allocated into 4 treatment groups: 1) nonchallenged control (con) fed basal diet; 2) s. pullorum-challenged control (scc) fed basal diet; 3) salmonella challenge fed basal diet plus antibiotic (ant); 4) salmonella challenge fed basal diet plus 0.2% zncp (zncp). compared with con, salmonella challen ...	2012	22802176
the long view: salmonella--the last forty years.	as a part of the 40th anniversary celebrations of avian pathology we review the last four decades of salmonella research which has led to major progress in our understanding of the bacteriology and infection biology of the organism through the huge advances in molecular biology and immunology that have accompanied technical advances in biology generally. in many countries combinations of improvements in management, sometimes under legislative pressure and supported by a number of basic biologica ...	2012	23025669
health assessment of captive tinamids (aves, tinamiformes) in brazil.	ninety-five (95) captive tinamids (aves, tinamiformes) of species crypturellus obsoletus (brown tinamou), crypturellus parvirostris (small-billed tinamou), crypturellus tataupa (tataupa tinamou), crypturellus undulatus (undulated tinamou), rhynchotus rufescens (red-winged tinamou), and tinamus solitarius (solitary tinamou) were evaluated for diseases of mandatory control in the brazilian poultry health program (pnsa). antibodies were detected by serum agglutination test (sat) in 4 birds for myco ...	2012	23082518
a comparative study of culture methods and pcr assay for salmonella detection in poultry drinking water.	the present work compared 2 culture methods and pcr assays for motile and nonmotile salmonella detection using artificially contaminated poultry drinking water. the specificity was 1 for all methods studied. the accuracy and sensitivity were 1 for all motile strains, whereas these parameters were between 0 and 0.7 for nonmotile salmonella strains. the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 1 for all motile salmonella strains in the 3 methods used. nonmotile salmonella strai ...	2013	23243252
[construction of a temperature-sensitive and replication-defective t-vector and its application for gene knockout in salmonella pullorum].	knockout is an important method for gene function study, while vector is the core of gene knockout. in order to obtain an effective vector for rapid construction of mutant and essentiality identification of the corresponding gene, we constructed a recombinant plasmid named pldm-t based on the temperature-sensitive and replication- defective plasmid pldm1 by inserting an xcm i adapter into the ecor i and pst i sites of pidm1. digesting with xcm i, pidm-t can be prepared as a linear t-vector for p ...	2012	23289313
serologic, parasitic, and bacteriologic assessment of captive cracids (aves: galliformes: cracidae) in brazil.	captive cracids (aves: galliformes: cracidae), including endangered species, were studied (n = 130) for the assessment of health status, including aburria jacutinga (black-fronted piping-guan, n = 42), crax blumenbachii (red-knobbed curassow, n = 54), craxfasciolata (bare-faced curassow, n = 28), and penelope obscura (dusky-legged guan, n = 6). the exposure to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), mycoplasma synoviae (ms), salmonella pullorum (sp), salmonella gallinarum (sg), avian paramyxovirus-1 (apm ...	2013	23505700
polymerase chain reaction assay based on rata gene allows differentiation between salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum.	salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum are classified as biovars of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum. these salmonellae are the causative agents of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid, respectively, and are widely distributed throughout the world. although many developed countries have eradicated these diseases from commercial poultry, they are still the cause of significant economic loss in developing countries. when serovar gallinarum is isolated, it is difficult to ...	2013	23512922
antimicrobial resistance, presence of integrons and biofilm formation of salmonella pullorum isolates from eastern china (1962-2010).	three hundred and thirty-seven isolates of salmonella pullorum from eastern china between 1962 and 2010 were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility (disk diffusion method), the presence of integrons (polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing) and the ability to form biofilms (semi-quantitative adherence assay). two hundred and fifty-eight isolates (76.6%) exhibited multiple drug resistance (mdr; resistant to at least three different classes of antimicrobials), and the level of dru ...	2013	23656571
comparison of 3 culture methods and pcr assays for salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum detection in poultry feed.	to detect salmonella gallinarum or salmonella pullorum in artificially contaminated poultry feed, 9 culture combinations were compared, including 3 preenrichment/enrichment methods (tryptic soy broth plus ferrous sulfate/tetrathionate hajna, tryptic soy broth plus ferrous sulfate/selenite cystine broth, and salmosyst) in combination with 3 selective agars (xylose lysine desoxicholate agar added with tergitol 4, ef-18, and önöz), respectively. additionally, a single pcr technique was applied comb ...	2013	23687146
identification of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum antigenic determinants expressed in vivo.	salmonella enterica serovar pullorum affecting poultry causes pullorum disease and results in severe economic loss in the poultry industry. currently, it remains a major threat in countries with poor poultry surveillance and no efficient control measures. as s. pullorum could induce strong humoral immune responses, we applied an immunoscreening technique, the in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat), to identify immunogenic bacterial proteins expressed or upregulated during s. pullorum infecti ...	2013	23774596
serosurvey for selected infectious agents in two sympatric species of cormorants (phalacrocorax atriceps and phalacrocorax magellanicus) from coastal patagonia, argentina.	we conducted a serologic survey for selected infectious agents on two sympatric cormorants, the imperial cormorant (phalacrocorax atriceps) and the rock shag (phalacrocorax magellanicus). blood was collected from 267 imperial cormorants and 106 rock shags at 17 colonies along the patagonia atlantic shore during nine breeding seasons (1994, 1999-2001-2005-2008-2010). antibodies to four pathogens were common to both species and frequently observed: avian paramyxovirus type 1 (56% of imperial cormo ...	2013	23778597
molecular differentiation between salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar pullorum and salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar gallinarum.	s. pullorum (sp) and s. gallinarum (sg) are very similar. they are the agents of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid, respectively, and the two diseases are responsible for economic losses in poultry production. although sp and sg are difficult to be differentiated in routine laboratory procedures, the ability to metabolize ornithine is a biochemical test that may be used to achieve this aim. while sp is able to decarboxylate this amino acid, sg is not. however, the isolation of strains showing at ...	2009	24031341
development of a novel hexa-plex pcr method for identification and serotyping of salmonella species.	salmonella is one of the most important foodborne pathogens, which causes a huge economic burden worldwide. to detect salmonella rapidly is very meaningful in preventing salmonellosis and decreasing economic losses. currently, isolation of salmonella is confirmed by biochemical and serobased serotyping methods, which are time consuming, labor intensive, and complicated. to solve this problem, a hexa-plex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed using comparative genomics analysis and ...	2014	24066904
virulence determinants of salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum identified by pcr signature-tagged mutagenesis and the spic mutant as a candidate live attenuated vaccine.	salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum (s. gallinarum biovar pullorum) is the causative agent of pullorum disease (pd) in chickens which results in considerable economic losses to the poultry industries in developing countries. pcr-signature tagged mutagenesis was used to identify virulence determinants of s. gallinarum biovar pullorum and novel attenuated live vaccine candidates for use against this disease. a library of 1800 signature-tagged s. gallinarum biovar pullorum mutants was constructed ...	2014	24355532
draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum strain fcav198, a brazilian chicken pathogen.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum is a bird-restricted pathogen which causes pullorum disease. the strain fcav198 was isolated from a pool of chicken ovaries in brazil, and its genome may be helpful for studies involving molecular mechanisms related to pathogenesis and other related applications.	2014	24558231
cloning, expression, and purification of a new antimicrobial peptide gene from musca domestica larva.	musca domestica (diptera: muscidae), the housefly, exhibits unique immune defences and can produce antimicrobial peptides upon stimulation with bacteria. based on the cdna library constructed using the suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) method, a 198-bp antimicrobial peptide gene, which we named mdap-2, was amplified by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) from m. domestica larvae stimulated with salmonella pullorum (enterobacteriaceae: salmonella). in the present study, the full-len ...	2014	25020259
immunosensor based on electrodeposition of gold-nanoparticles and ionic liquid composite for detection of salmonella pullorum.	in order to increase the reproducibility and stability of electrochemical immunosensor, which is a key issue for its application and popularization, an accurate and stable immunosensor for rapid detection of salmonella pullorum (s. pullorum) was proposed in this study. the immunosensor was fabricated by modifying screen-printed carbon electrode (spce) with electrodeposited gold nanoparticles (aunps), hrp-labeled anti-s. pullorum and ionic liquids (ils) (aunp/hrp/il). aunps are electrodeposited o ...	2014	25193438
cloning, expression, and purification of a new antibacterial substance gene from larvae of musca domestica (diptera: muscidae).	musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae), the housefly, exhibits unique immune defenses and can produce antibacterial substances upon stimulation with bacteria. on the basis of the cdna library constructed using the suppression subtractive hybridization method, a 1188-bp antibacterial substance gene, which we named as566, was amplified by rapid amplification of cdna ends from m. domestica larva stimulated with salmonella pullorum (enterobacteriaceae: salmonella). in this study, the full-length as5 ...	2014	25434038
effect of dietary supplementation of bacteriophage on performance, egg quality and caecal bacterial populations in laying hens.	1. bacteriophages (bp) have gained increasing attention as a treatment of bacterial infection for animals. however, the data pertaining to dietary application of bp for laying hens have been limited. 2. this study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary bp on laying performance, egg quality and caecal bacterial populations in laying hens. 3. the dietary bp used in this experiment was a mixture of individual bp targeting salmonella gallinarum, salmonella pullorum, salmonella typhimurium, salmo ...	2015	25471539
identification of isolated salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype pullorum and gallinarum by pcr-rflp.	salmonella spp. is the major bacterial pathogen in poultry and is responsible for significant economic losses of the poultry industry in many parts of the world. among salmonella spp., salmonella gallinarum and salmonella. pullorum are the most common causative agents of chicken salmonellosis resulting in high mortality and morbidity.	2014	25485068
identification and characterization of regions of difference between the salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum and the salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum genomes.	salmonella gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe septicaemic disease that affects birds of all ages, whereas s. pullorum causes pullorum disease, a systemic disorder affecting primarily young birds. a proportion of birds with pullorum disease become carriers and are thereby able to transmit s. pullorum vertically. although these two pathogens cause distinct diseases, they are otherwise phenotypically and genetically similar. therefore, the small variations that lead to the ...	2015	25497350
[prokaryotic expression and application of spic protein of salmonella pullorum].	to express the spic protein of salmonella pullorum and establish an indirect elisa method with spic protein as antigen.	2015	25652851
evaluation of the salmonella enterica serovar pullorum pathogenicity island 2 mutant as a candidate live attenuated oral vaccine.	salmonella enterica serovar pullorum (s. pullorum) is a highly adapted pathogen that causes pullorum disease (pd), an important systemic disease of poultry that causes severe economic losses in developing countries. in the interests of developing a safe and immunogenic oral vaccine, the efficacy of a salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2)-deleted mutant of s. pullorum (s06004δspi2) was evaluated in chickens. s06004δspi2 was severely less virulent than the parental wild-type strain s06004 as de ...	2015	25924763
[identification of rpoe gene associated with biofilm formation of salmonella pullorum].	in order to identify sigma factor associated with biofilm formation of salmonella pullorum, we determined the gene expression in the wild type strain and biological characteristics of deletion mutants.	2015	25958695
immunogenicity and protective efficacy of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum pathogenicity island 2 mutant as a live attenuated vaccine candidate.	salmonella enterica serovar pullorum (s. pullorum) causes pullorum disease (pd), a severe systemic disease of poultry and results in considerable economic losses in developing countries. in order to develop a safe and immunogenic vaccine, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of s06004δspi2, a salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) deleted mutant of s. pullorum was evaluated in 2-day old chickens.	2015	26205518
eric-pcr genotyping of field isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum.	salmonella gallinarum (sg) and salmonella pullorum (sp) have been classified as biovars belonging to salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum. genetic diversity among isolates of the same biovar can be detected by dna fingerprinting techniques which are useful in epidemiological investigations. in this study, we applied the pcr amplification of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences (eric-pcr) to analyse 45 strains of sg and sp, most of which were isolated from d ...	2015	26365161
construction of recombinant pichia pastoris carrying a constitutive avbd9 gene and analysis of its activity.	avian beta-defensin 9 (avbd9) is a small cationic peptide consisting of 41 amino acids that plays a crucial rule in innate immunity and acquired immunity in chickens. owing to its wide antibacterial spectrum, lack of a residue, and failure to induce bacterial drug resistance, avbd9 is expected to become a substitute for conventional antibiotics in the livestock and poultry industries. using the preferred codon of pichia pastoris, the mature avbd9 peptide was designed and synthesized, based on th ...	2015	26370794
evaluation of risedronate as an antibiofilm agent.	escherichia coli cra null mutants have been reported in the literature to be impaired in biofilm formation. to develop e. coli biofilm-inhibiting agents for prevention and control of adherent behaviour, analogues of a natural cra ligand, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, were identified based on two-dimensional similarity to the natural ligand. of the analogues identified, those belonging to the bisphosphonate class of drug molecules were selected for study, as these are approved for clinical use in hu ...	2016	26497196
a nonenzymatic optical immunoassay strategy for detection of salmonella infection based on blue silica nanoparticles.	a novel nonenzymatic optical immunoassay strategy was for the first time designed and utilized for sensitive detection of antibody to salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum (s. pullorum and s. gallinarum) in serum. the optical immunoassay strategy was based on blue silica nanoparticles (blue-sinps) and magnetic beads (mb). to construct such an optical immunoassay system, the blue-sinps were first synthesized by inverse microemulsion method, characterized by sem, zeta potential and ftir. t ...	2015	26526916
retrospective investigation of cataract management in avian species in a zoologic collection.	a review of avian cataracts at the wildlife conservation society's bronx zoo between 1992 and 2011 was conducted. ninety cataracts in 54 birds from 42 species were identified. cataracts were found primarily during examination for ocular abnormalities (29/54, 53.7%) or opportunistically (13/54, 24.1%) and were most commonly diagnosed as mature (22/90, 24.4%). systemic medical conditions diagnosed in these birds included west nile virus (4/54, 7.4%), head trauma (3/54, 5.6%), plumbism and salmonel ...	2015	26667543
[construction and characterization of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) deletion mutant of salmonella pullorum s06004].	to research the pathogenicity of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) deletion mutant of salmonella pullorum and preliminary explore the feasibility of developing safe attenuated salmonella pullorum candidate vaccine strain.	2015	26762028
complete genome and methylome sequences of two salmonella enterica spp.	salmonella enterica is responsible for major foodborne outbreaks worldwide. it can cause gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. salmonella infections raise public health concerns along with consequential economic impacts. in this report, we announce the first complete genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraeuis (s. choleraeuis) atcc 10708 and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar pullorum (s. pullorum) atcc 9120, isolated from patien ...	2016	26798102
a critical role of bacterioferritin in salmonella pullorum-induced ifn-β expression in df-1 cells.	salmonella enterica serovar pullorum (s. pullorum) causes pullorum disease in poultry and results in great economic losses to the poultry industry. although an eradication program has been successfully performed in some countries, it remains a major threat to countries with poor poultry disease surveillance. currently there are no effective control measures for pullorum disease except eradication. in particular, the pathogenesis of s. pullorum infection is still largely unknown. here we identifi ...	2016	26870001
myd88 polymorphisms and association with susceptibility to salmonella pullorum.	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (myd88), a universal adapter protein, plays an important role in activating the nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) and regulating the expression of proinflammatory genes like tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and interleukin-1 (il-1), which were highly involved in salmonella pullorum infection. to detect the relationship between polymorphisms of the myd88 gene and salmonella pullorum disease, we screened the coding region (cds) of the myd88 gene by dna pool cons ...	2015	26881204
serovars and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella spp. isolated from turkey and broiler carcasses in southern brazil between 2004 and 2006.	salmonella spp. causes diseases in fowls, when species-specific serovars (salmonella pullorum and s.gallinarum) are present in flocks, and public health problems, when non-typhoid serovars are isolated, as well as possible bacterial resistance induced by the preventive and therapeutic use of antimicrobials in animal production. this study describes the serovars and bacterial resistance of 280 salmonella spp. strains isolated from turkey and broiler carcasses in southern brazil between 2004 and 2 ...	2016	27007562
evaluation of protective efficacy of a novel inactivated salmonella pullorum ghost vaccine against virulent challenge in chickens.	salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum is the causative agent of pullorum disease in poultry, an acute systemic disease that results in a high mortality rate in young chickens. vaccines have been considered in many developing countries where levels of infection are high and eradication is not a realistic option. an attenuated strain combined with protein e-mediated cell lysis was used to generate a safety enhanced salmonella pullorum ghost vaccine. immune responses and protection induced by ghost ...	2016	27090623
construction and characterization of a cigr deletion mutant of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum.	salmonella enterica serovar pullorum (s. pullorum) is the causative agent of pullorum disease (pd) and results in severe economic losses to the poultry industry. as a salmonella type iii secretion system 2 (t3ss2) effector and predicted membrane protein, cigr is encoded by the cigr gene within salmonella pathogenicity island 3 (spi3). in order to research the influence of the cigr gene on s. pullorum, a cigr mutant of s. pullorum s06004 was constructed by the lambda red recombination system, and ...	2016	27163262
molecular identification of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum by a duplex pcr assay.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum (s gallinarum) and biovar pullorum (s pullorum) are 2 poultry pathogens that cause major economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. control of both diseases mainly relies on the adoption of biosecurity programs, and success is dependent on accurate and fast detection. based on this concept, we developed a duplex pcr assay, targeting 2 chromosomal sequences, which allowed us to precisely identify and differentiate s ...	2016	27216724
rapid and sensitive detection of mycoplasma synoviae by an insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction-based assay on a field-deployable device.	mycoplasma synoviae (ms), causing respiratory diseases, arthritis, and eggshell apex abnormalities in avian species, is an important pathogen in the poultry industry. implementation of a biosecurity plan is important in ms infection management. working on a field-deployable pockit™ device, an insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (iipcr) assay has a potential for timely ms detection on the farm. the ms iipcr assay had limit of detection 95% of about 9 genome equivalents by testing seria ...	2017	27389062
influence of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum pathogenicity island 2 on type iii secretion system effector gene expression in chicken macrophage hd11 cells.	salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) can encode type iii secretion system 2 (t3ss2) which plays an important role in systemic disease development through delivering different effector proteins into host cells. here, the influence of salmonella pullorum pathogenicity island 2 on t3ss2 effector gene expression was studied using qrt-pcr in chicken macrophage hd11 cells. our results showed that all the detected genes (including pseudogenes sifb, ssph2 and stec) can express in hd11 cells of s. pu ...	2017	27735192
descriptive survey and salmonella surveillance of pastured poultry layer farms in california.	while pasture-raised poultry comprises a small portion of the commercial poultry industry in north america, these alternative rearing systems have become increasingly popular. as such, it is critical to improve our understanding of husbandry practices and prevalence of zoonotic and epizoonotic diseases in these systems. this research reviews the results of a survey sent to 82 commercial pastured poultry farms in california. while the survey response was low (13.4%), it was enhanced by detailed i ...	2017	27744297
expression patterns of nlrc5 and key genes in the stat1 pathway following infection with salmonella pullorum.	nlrc5, a protein belonging to the nod-like receptor protein family (nlrs), is highly expressed in immune tissues and cells. nlrc5 plays an important role in the immune response of humans, where its regulatory mechanism has been elucidated. however, the function and regulation of nlrc5 in chickens remains unclear. in this study, temporal expression characteristics of nlrc5 and associated genes in the stat1 pathway in chickens following infection with salmonella pullorum were investigated using qu ...	2017	27771450
salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum: addressing fundamental questions in bacteriology sixty years on from the 9r vaccine.	sixty years on from smith's seminal work on fowl typhoid vaccines, there is renewed interest in experimental avian salmonellosis and in particular the use of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum as a tool to understand key features of bacterial evolution and host adaptation. in this short review we outline some of the recent advances in avian salmonellosis research that have coupled both the power of whole genome analysis and new tools to understand the host response to existing experimental i ...	2017	27791403
one-step pcr detection of salmonella pullorum/gallinarum using a novel target: the flagellar biosynthesis gene flhb.	salmonella enterica serovar pullorum/gallinarum is an important infectious pathogen that has caused widespread problems for chicken industry. traditional salmonella serotyping is an expensive and time-consuming process. in this study, we developed a rapid one-step polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to identify s. pullorum/gallinarum. the pcr-based assay focuses on flhb, which shows a deficient region only in s. pullorum/gallinarum, compared with that of other serovars. the specificity and se ...	2016	27920764
inductive expression of the nod1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with salmonella pullorum.	1. the aim of this study was to describe the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (nod1) receptor signalling in chicken. 2. tissue-specific expression analysis of nod1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (ripk2), nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (mapk11 or p38) by quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues. 3. salmonella pullorum infection activated nod1 re ...	2017	28084794
identification by pcr signature-tagged mutagenesis of attenuated salmonella pullorum mutants and corresponding genes in a chicken embryo model.	a key feature of the fowl-specific pathogen salmonella pullorum is its vertical transmission to progeny via the egg. in this study, pcr signature-tagged mutagenesis identified nine genes of a strain of s. pullorum that contributed to survival in the chicken embryo during incubation. the genes were involved in invasion, cell division, metabolism and bacterial defence. the competition index in vivo and in vitro together with a virulence evaluation for chicken embryos of all nine mutant strains con ...	2017	28089946
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of locally isolated salmonella strains used in preparation of salmonella antigens in egypt.	this work was conducted to study the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of locally isolated salmonella strains (salmonella pullorum, salmonella enteritidis, and salmonella typhimurium) from poultry used in the preparation of salmonella antigens in egypt.	2016	28096617
identification of the crucial genes in the elimination and survival process of salmonella enterica ser. pullorum in the chicken spleen.	salmonella enterica ser. pullorum is one of the most easily re-infecting pathogens in poultry production because of its mechanism of escaping from immune elimination. we used the transcriptome method to investigate the variation in gene expression in chicken spleen resulting from the interaction between hosts and s. pullorum in the survival process. the expression of various genes related to the maturation and activation of b cells was activated before s. pullorum was eliminated, which might hel ...	2017	28176342
an efficient multiplex pcr-based assay as a novel tool for accurate inter-serovar discrimination of salmonella enteritidis, s. pullorum/gallinarum and s. dublin.	salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, pullorum/gallinarum, and dublin are infectious pathogens causing serious problems for pig, chicken, and cattle production, respectively. traditional serotyping for salmonella is costly and labor-intensive. here, we established a rapid multiplex pcr method to simultaneously identify three prevalent salmonella serovars enteritidis, pullorum/gallinarum, and dublin individually for the first time. the multiplex pcr-based assay focuses on three genes tcps, ly ...	2017	28360901
safety, protective immunity, and diva capability of a rough mutant salmonella pullorum vaccine candidate in broilers.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (salmonella pullorum) is highly adapted to chickens causing an acute systemic disease that results in high mortality. vaccination represents one approach for promoting animal health, food safety and reducing environmental persistence in salmonella control. an important consideration is that salmonella vaccination in poultry should not interfere with the salmonellosis monitoring program. this is the basis of the diva (differen ...	2017	28424675
rapid electrochemical quantification of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum based on glucose oxidase and antibody-modified silica nanoparticles.	in this article, a facile and sensitive electrochemical method for quantification of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum (s. pullorum and s. gallinarum) was established by monitoring glucose consumption with a personal glucose meter (pgm). antibody-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (igg-mnps) were used to capture and enrich s. pullorum and s. gallinarum, and igg-mnps-s. pullorum and igg-mnps-s. gallinarum complexes were magnetically separated from a sample using a permanent magnet. ...	2017	28429065
o-polysaccharide is important for salmonella pullorum survival in egg albumen, and virulence and colonization in chicken embryos.	the pathogen salmonella pullorum is the causative agent of persistent systemic infection of poultry, leading to economic losses in developing countries due to morbidity, mortality and reduction in egg production. these infections may result in vertical transmission to eggs or progeny. limited information is available regarding the mechanisms involved in the survival of salmonella pullorum in egg albumen and developing chicken embryos. hence, we investigated the role of o-polysaccharide in the co ...	2017	28470101
development of a multiplex qpcr in real time for quantification and differential diagnosis of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum.	currently there are 2659 salmonella serovars. the host-specific biovars salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum cause systemic infections in food-producing and wild birds. fast diagnosis is crucial to control the dissemination in avian environments. the present work describes the development of a multiplex qpcr in real time using a low-cost dna dye (sybr green) to identify and quantify these biovars. primers were chosen based on genomic regions of difference (rod) and optimized to control ...	2017	28589774
genetic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum based on characterization and evolution of crispr sequence.	salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (s. pullorum) is the cause of pullorum disease, characterized by white diarrhea, which leads to high mortality in poultry. in this study, we aimed to assess the genetic diversity of 655 s. pullorum strains from 1962 to 2015 in china, europe, and south america. a sequence typing scheme based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) was used to reveal the genetic relationships among these strains in this study. ove ...	2017	28619172
antimicrobial resistance in bacterial poultry pathogens: a review.	antimicrobial resistance (amr) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial usage and amr in animal production is one of its contributing sources. poultry is one of the most widespread types of meat consumed worldwide. poultry flocks are often raised under intensive conditions using large amounts of antimicrobials to prevent and to treat disease, as well as for growth promotion. antimicrobial resistant poultry pathogens may result in treatment failure, leading to economic losses, but also be a s ...	2017	28848739