Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| avian salmonella-stained microtest antigens produced on solid media. | procedures are described for the preparation of salmonella pullorum and salmonella typhimurium tetrazolium-stained microagglutination and microantiglobulin antigens with solid media for culture propagation. cell suspensions were found to be more easily harvested from solid medium than from previously used liquid medium, and greater yields of antigen were obtained. liquid medium microagglutination and microantiglobulin test antigens were found to be more sensitive than those prepared on solid med ... | 1973 | 4580193 |
| immunogenicity of living and heat-killed salmonella pullorum vaccines. | specific pathogen-free cd-1 and c57bl mice were infected in a hind footpad with 5 x 10(4) viable salmonella enteritidis cells or 10(7) viable s. pullorum cells. the resulting bacterial growth within the footpad, the draining lymph nodes, and the liver and spleen was followed for 14 days. mice vaccinated with live s. enteritidis rapidly developed an effective antibacterial resistance to both intravenous and intragastric challenge with s. enteritidis sm(r). the viable inoculum of s. pullorum was r ... | 1973 | 4587521 |
| [use of ionic silver aerosols in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid and colibacillosis in chicks]. | 1973 | 4589234 | |
| disappearance of the covalently closed circular cryptic plasmid po-2 in salmonella pullorum ms35 containing f77. | 1974 | 4597647 | |
| essential fatty acid deficiency in infants induced by fat-free intravenous feeding. | 2015 | 4626563 | |
| non-specific reactions to rapid whole blood salmonella pullorum antigens. | 1972 | 4664365 | |
| a small oxygenator for use with an organ perfusion system. | 1973 | 4737897 | |
| [allergic diagnosis of pullorum disease--fowl typhoid in chickens]. | 1973 | 4756645 | |
| [reliable protection of chicks against pullorum disease]. | 1973 | 4771647 | |
| [effectiveness of antibiotics in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid in chicks]. | 1973 | 4771648 | |
| [the effect of a series of antibiotics on nucleic acid and protein synthesis in salmonella pullorum]. | 1973 | 4787727 | |
| the mammalian red nucleus. | 2016 | 4864540 | |
| biochemical characterization of sulfur assimilation by salmonella pullorum. | the biochemical basis for a cysteine requirement in salmonella pullorum strain ms35 is presented. before determining the missing biochemical functions, it was established that the assimilatory sulfate-reducing pathway for this species is an inorganic one in which 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (paps), sulfite, and sulfide are intermediates. a requirement for 2'- and 3'-adenosine monophosphate was found for in vitro synthesis of paps, possibly because 2'- and 3'-adenosine monophosphate inhibits endoge ... | 1970 | 4908669 |
| [comparative studies on the antibiotic activity in vitro of oxytetracycline and of a new derivative of the tetracycline group (7-chloro-6-methylen-5-oxytetracycline) as used on salmonella pullorum]. | 1971 | 4935886 | |
| a spectrophotometric assay for neutral protease. | 1968 | 4970444 | |
| studies on the distribution of anti-salmonella pullorum agglutinins in blood sera and in milk of cattle. | 1970 | 4986829 | |
| inhibition of plasmid dna replication by rifampin in salmonella pullorum. | 1972 | 5018666 | |
| characterization of a thermolabile sulfite reductase from salmonella pullorum. | the biochemical basis for sulfite accumulation by sulfate-using revertants of salmonella pullorum was determined. all of the sulfate-using mutants isolated from wild-type s. pullorum accumulated sulfite when grown at 37 but not at 25 c. the specific activity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadph)-dependent sulfite reductase (h (2)s-nadp oxidoreductase, ec 1.8.1.2) and of reduced methyl viologen (mvh)-dependent sulfite reductase (h (2)s-mv oxidoreductase), in extracts prepared from ... | 1971 | 5122801 |
| correlation of immunological responsiveness with lymphocyte changes in chickens infected with marek's disease. | several immunological, hematological, and pathological responses associated with marek's disease were determined. four-week-old marek's disease-infected and control chickens were injected with salmonella pullorum antigen. about one-half of all infected chickens tested were unresponsive to antigenic challenge. antibody titers in responsive infected chickens were significantly depressed at 1 and 2 weeks post-inoculation when compared to controls. total white blood cell counts of control and contro ... | 1971 | 5292890 |
| infection of salmonella pullorum, salmonella newington or salmonella enteritidis in laboratory rats by oral inoculation. | 1965 | 5294502 | |
| amino acid composition of certain bacterial cell-wall proteins. | analyses were made to determine the amino acid composition of the cell-wall proteins of salmonella pullorum, s. senftenberg 775w, s. derby, and escherichia coli. these proteins consist of the usual 18 amino acids found in most proteins with diaminopimelic acid in addition. quantitative determination of these amino acids showed that their amounts were similar. | 1965 | 5325933 |
| accumulation of sulfite by a sulfate-using revertant of salmonella pullorum. | sulfate-utilizing revertants of a cysteine auxotroph of salmonella pullorum have been found that cause an accumulation in growth medium of a sulfur compound more oxidized than sulfide. the sulfur compound was presumptively identified as sulfite by the formation of a colored complex in the presence of basic fuchsin and formaldehyde, oxidation to sulfate by peroxide, and acid-volatility. the acid-volatile material was identified as sulfite by formation of an s-sulfonyl derivative of 5,5'-dithio-bi ... | 1969 | 5344100 |
| [salmonella pullorum in 2 arassari (pteroglossos spec.)]. | 1969 | 5388253 | |
| [antibodies in the egg yolk of the hen infected with salmonella pullorum]. | 1970 | 5461352 | |
| microtitration of salmonella pullorum agglutinins. | 1970 | 5503022 | |
| serological diagnosis of pullorum disease with the microagglutination system. | the application of a tetrazolium-stained salmonella pullorum antigen in the microagglutination test is described and compared with the macroscopic tube agglutination test for detecting carriers of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid in chickens. titers revealed by both testing procedures are similar; however, the microagglutination test is preferred because of the savings in time, space, and cost. | 1971 | 5553281 |
| [influence of ph medium on toxicity of salmonella pullorum culture filtrates]. | 1967 | 5618076 | |
| [a study of the phagoresistance mechanism of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum]. | 1967 | 5618087 | |
| pullorum disease in the republic of south africa. | 1967 | 5629804 | |
| effects of indomethacin on acute, subacute, and latent infections in mice and rats. | the comparative effect of indomethacin and hydrocortisone on the resistance of mice or rats to various acute, subacute, and latent bacterial infections was investigated. large daily doses of indomethacin and hydrocortisone administered to mice challenged with bacterial pathogens, including klebsiella pneumoniae ad, salmonella schottmuelleri 3010, staphylococcus aureus (smith), streptococcus pyogenes c203, salmonella pullorum #2, proteus vulgaris 1810, and pseudomonas aeruginosa 2616, revealed th ... | 1968 | 5663575 |
| progress in pullorum disease control in australia. | 1968 | 5690002 | |
| [disinfection of eggs and flat surfaces in hen roosts contaminated by pasteurella avicida or salmonella pullorum]. | 1968 | 5761449 | |
| control of pullorum disease in australia. | 1969 | 5813402 | |
| correlation between origin and biochemical behaviour of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum cultures. | 1964 | 5832431 | |
| effectiveness of various commercial antigens for detecting pullorum disease in turkeys by the rapid serum test. | 1965 | 5863813 | |
| report of the pullorum disease testing results, presented at the 37th annual meeting of the northeastern conference on avian diseases, june 1965. | 1965 | 5892687 | |
| [veterinary and sanitary measures in pullorum disease in poultry]. | 1965 | 5895942 | |
| case report--salmonella pullorum in a muscovy (cairina moschata) duck. | 1963 | 5896507 | |
| [effect of furazolidone on experimental pullorum disease in chicks]. | 1963 | 5896549 | |
| studies on salmonella pullorum phage. i. isolation of phages and their properties. | 1965 | 5896592 | |
| studies on salmonella pullorum phage. ii. lytic action of isolated phages on subtypes and lysogenicity of s. pullorum. | 1965 | 5896597 | |
| studies on salmonella pullorum phage. 3. classification of strains of intermediate type of salmonella pullorum and epizootiological study on pullorum disease. | 1965 | 5896600 | |
| studies on salmonella pullorum phage. iv. phage receptor of s. pullorum. | 1965 | 5896604 | |
| infection-immunity in experimental salmonellosis. | salmonella enteritidis is highly virulent for the mouse causing an infection resembling mouse typhoid. survivors of the infection are completely resistant to reinfection and eliminate a large challenge dose of virulent organisms within 72 hr. the antigenically related salmonella gallinarum was almost avirulent for the mouse but animals vaccinated with this organism were equally capable of eliminating a lethal dose of virulent s. enteritidis. living salmonella pullorum, on the other hand, was qui ... | 1966 | 5922286 |
| [studies on salmonella pullorum phage. v. conversion of subtypes of s. pullorum by phage]. | 1966 | 5949208 | |
| some problems associated with the control of pullorum disease in new south wales. | 1966 | 6006008 | |
| the incidence of mycoplasma gallisepticum, salmonella pullorum, salmonella typhimurium, and newcastle disease virus antibodies in certain wisconsin chickens. | 1966 | 6008331 | |
| response of wild rats (rattus norvegicus) bred in captivity to oral inoculation with salmonella pullorum, salmonella newington, and salmonella enteritidis. | 1967 | 6027435 | |
| examination of queensland isolates of salmonella pullorum for variation of antigen 12. | 1967 | 6068167 | |
| pullorum disease in scotland 1926-1966. | 1967 | 6068960 | |
| agglutinin responses to salmonella pullorum in japanese quail selected for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin and a model describing the dynamics of the response. | japanese quail from the s16 generation of lines selected for high (hr) and low (lr) plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin (acth), and the randombred control line (c) from which the selected lines had been derived, were immunized with a heat-killed salmonella pullorum antigen. plasma from blood samples taken at 0,5,8, and 12 days postimmunization was titered for total agglutinin levels. a quadratic equation and its first derivative, calculated for each bird, produced mean values by l ... | 1984 | 6091085 |
| the immunosuppressive effect of mycoplasma meleagridis on nonreplicating antigens. | the humoral responses of mycoplasma meleagridis-free and -infected turkeys were compared following primary and secondary antigenic stimulation with inactivated salmonella pullorum or dinitrophenyl-bovine gamma globulin. the mycoplasma-infected groups had significantly lower antibody responses to both antigens. the suppression was more evident in the secondary response. the results suggest that the immune response in turkeys infected with m. meleagridis is similar to that of bursectomized chicken ... | 1981 | 6175300 |
| [effect of therapeutic agents on the antibody titer and allergic reaction in fowl typhoid-pullorum disease]. | studies were carried out on the effect of furazolidon, spectam, esb-3 and altabactin on the production of agglutinins and the initiation and development of an allergic response in chickens affected with pullorum disease. it was found that these preparations, when used three times at intervals of 20 days, in the course of 10 days each time at the respective therapeutic rates led to the decrease in the titer of agglutinins in the treated birds as early as the tenth day from the beginning of treatm ... | 1981 | 6211823 |
| performance of 3 successive generations of specified-pathogenfree chickens maintained as a closed flock. | no antibodies against salmonella pullorum, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, haemophilus gallinarum, fowl pox virus, marek's disease virus, herpes virus of turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian adenovirus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, avian leukosis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and newcastle disease virus were detectable in the sera obtained from these chickens in 3 generations at various ages. antibodies against i ... | 1980 | 6253742 |
| immune response and disease resistance in chickens. i. selection for high and low titer to salmonella pullorum antigen. | a selection experiment for high and low anti-salmonella pullorum antibody titer was carried out over four generations within the b1b1 blood group genotype in chickens. the study was aimed primarily at identifying different response patterns controlled by immune response genes linked to the b system, the major histocompatibility complex of the chicken. maximal divergence was obtained in the third generation of selection when agglutination titers of 1/320 and 1/80 in b1b1 high and low responders, ... | 1981 | 6267577 |
| concentration of salmonella pullorum antigen and the immunosuppressive effect of adrenocorticotropin in growing chickens. | the role of antigen concentration on the immunosuppressive effect of adrenocorticotropin (acth) was tested in 6-week-old white rock chickens that were immunized i.v. with 1 ml of heat-treated salmonella pullorum at packed cell volume concentrations of .06 to .00015%, at 16 and 10 hr before the antigen (ag) injection, the birds received either 4 iu . 100 g body wt-1 of acth i.m., or the gelatin (gel) vehicle. total, 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive (2-mes), and 2-mercaptoethanol resistant (2-mer) aggl ... | 1983 | 6308589 |
| [erythrocyte antigen for the rapid intravital diagnosis of fowl typhoid and pullorum disease]. | a stable erythrocyte antigen was obtained for the rapid diagnosis of typhoid and pullorum disease in birds, which was tested under laboratory and field conditions. it was found that with the use of whole blood or serum taken from birds that had been either experimentally infected or had died of spontaneous infection of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella enteritidis the erythrocyte antigen was substantially superior to the routinely used colour ordinary test-antigen in terms of time consumed, i ... | 1983 | 6364560 |
| immunological traits in generations 7 to 12 of two lines of japanese quail selected for high or low antibody response to newcastle disease virus. | several immunological traits were compared in lines of japanese quail selected for high and low secondary immune responses to anti-newcastle disease virus (ndv). the high line of quail, selected for high ability to produce antibodies, was more responsive in both their primary response to ndv antigen used in the selection as well as to other antigens used in selection process including ndv (ishi strain), tissue culture-derived newcastle disease (tcnd strain), ndv strain b1, influenza virus, sheep ... | 1984 | 6473242 |
| interaction of high temperature and salmonella pullorum antigen concentration on serum agglutinin and corticosteroid responses in white rock chickens. | in three experiments, 6- to 7-week-old chickens were exposed to one or two standard heating episodes and were injected immediately afterward with different concentrations of heat-killed salmonella pullorum antigen (ag) or phosphate-buffered saline. the standard heat episode consisted of three .5-hr exposures of 44 to 46 c with .5-hr periods of 22 c between exposures. nonheated chickens were maintained at 22 c. when two heating episodes were used, there was a 12-hr interval between episodes. sera ... | 1984 | 6531335 |
| the effect of temperature and starvation on the clearance of bacteria from the bloodstream of rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri richardson). | the blood clearance of 51cr-labeled heat-killed salmonella pullorum was generally biphasic and exponential for each phase. starvation had little significant effect on this pattern, although the rate of first phase clearance was probably slower. raising the water temperature from 8 degrees c to 18 degrees c enhanced the rate of clearance of the second phase to almost exactly double that at 8 degrees c. at 18 hr postinoculation, the spleen contained much more radioactivity per gm than any other ti ... | 1984 | 6584517 |
| [ampicillin and rivanol in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid in chicks]. | 1980 | 6771914 | |
| survey of the health and husbandry of small poultry flocks in great britain. | an investigation into the health and husbandry of 15 small poultry flocks was undertaken. each flock was visited in july and a questionnaire on management practices and disease history was completed. the flocks were clinically examined and serological tests for salmonella pullorum, mycoplasma gallisepticum, m synoviae, m meleagridis, newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis, eggdrop syndrome 76, adenoviruses and reoviruses were carried out. oesophageal and cloacal swab ... | 1982 | 6814044 |
| development of delayed hypersensitivity in gnotobiotic mice. | germ-free mice develop low levels of delayed hypersensitivity following exposure to sensitizing doses of sheep erythrocytes, compared to that seen in conventionally raised mice. infection of the germ-free animal with either salmonella gallinarum or salmonella pullorum was followed by extensive growth of the organisms within the intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid organs. as many as 5,000 viable salmonellae were recovered from the cecal and ileal peyer's patches as well as the mesenteric ly ... | 1980 | 6965376 |
| the development of unusual b-cell functions in the testosterone-propionate-treated chicken. | chickens were treated with 4 mg of testosterone propionate on the twelfth day of embryonic life. bursal remnants of testosterone-treated chickens were very small in size and had very few or no bursal follicles: the lymphoid tissue was replaced substantially by fibrosis. testosterone-treated chickens formed almost exclusively igm antibodies to sheep red blood cells and influenza virus, whereas no igm or igg response to brucella abortus or salmonella pullorum, and no igg response to sheep red bloo ... | 1980 | 6966602 |
| [differentiation of immunoglobulin classes in the chicken]. | investigations were carried out to establish and differentiate the humoral immunoglobulins in spf-chickens, following an antigenic stimulus with salmonella pullorum. as many as five components were found in the blood sera of the test birds, which were shown to have immunoglobulin properties. they were differentiated as igm, iga, igg1, igg2, and igg3. those of the iga-type were found in exudate material from the abdominal cavity of birds infected with salmonella pullorum. in the course of the inf ... | 1982 | 7112920 |
| the quantitative clearance of bacteria from the bloodstream of rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri). | the blood clearance of 51cr-labelled heat-killed salmonella pullorum was biphasic and exponential for each phase. this pattern was the same for all three concentrations of bacteria used. the initial more rapid phase lasted for approximately 15 minutes when roughly 90% of the bacteria had been cleared. the second slower phase started 25 to 30 minutes post-inoculation and lasted for approximately 25 to 30 minutes. the tissue distribution of bacteria showed that in both absolute and relative terms, ... | 1982 | 7147628 |
| [poultry resistance to typhoid-pullorum disease by sex and breed]. | studied was the resistance of a total of 1729 birds of the leghorn, cornish, and white plymouth rock breeds with regard to typhoid and pullorum disease after the oral infection with strain 2348 of salmonella pullorum and strain 2307 of salmonella gallinarum. in accordance with the manifested clinical picture and the results of the bacteriologic investigations all birds were divided into three groups--unaffected, survived, and died. there existed breed- and sex-associated variations in the resist ... | 1982 | 7168143 |
| [phagocytic activity and antibody formation in relation to the resistance of poultry to fowl typhoid-pullorum disease]. | vulchanov's method (1954) was employed to study the phagocytic activity, and the classic method with the agglutination test served to follow up the production of antibodies. some breed-associated differences were observed in the phagocytic activity and the normal serologic antibody titer prior to the infection with salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. highest were the indices with the leghorn breed, followed by the cornish and plymouth rock breeds. certain breed differences were also e ... | 1982 | 7170772 |
| a long-term serological study of a flock of chickens naturally infected with salmonella pullorum. | the serological reactions of a group of chickens naturally infected with salmonella pullorum were observed for one year. the conventional whole blood test, rapid slide test and tube agglutination test were used in the study and compared with the microagglutination and microantiglobulin tests. results of the whole blood rapid slide and tube agglutination tests were as consistent as those produced with the microagglutination and microantiglobulin tests in detecting one third of the birds as reacto ... | 1981 | 7340098 |
| report of pullorum disease in the somali democratic republic. | 1981 | 7346909 | |
| role of glycoconjugates in adherence of salmonella pullorum to the intestinal epithelium of chicks. | 1. the distribution of glycoconjugates on the surface of salmonella pullorum and the ileal epithelium of chicks was demonstrated by lectin cytochemistry. the role of glycoconjugates in adherence of s. pullorum to the ileal epithelium was determined by a sugar inhibition assay using the scanning electron microscope. 2. s. pullorum exhibited binding to concanavalin a (con a) and wheat germ agglutinin (wga) but not to soyabean agglutinin (sba), ricinus communis agglutinin (rca) and ulex europaeus a ... | 1995 | 7614028 |
| evaluation of the humoral immune response to different antigens in arkansas regressor and progressor chickens. | arkansas regressor and progressor chickens were re-evaluated for their immune response to different antigens. chickens received i.v. injection of either srbc (10 birds per line) or salmonella pullorum (sp; 10 birds per line) at 7 wk of age, and sera were collected at 6, 13, and 20 d postimmunization. a third group of birds (10 birds per line) received and i.m. injection of gat emulsion at 7 and 12 wk of age, and sera were collected at 10 and 14 wk of age. there were significant differences betwe ... | 1994 | 8146082 |
| pullorum disease with unusual signs in two backyard chicken flocks. | atypical pullorum disease in two backyard chicken flocks occurred as sudden death of many adult birds in one backyard chicken flock and chronic wasting with high mortality in a second flock. chicks had been added to both flocks for several months before losses occurred. the chicks, which were not affected, came from a previously infected hatchery that did not totally depopulate. | 1993 | 8257389 |
| salmonella pullorum infection and pheasants. | 1993 | 8291181 | |
| bacteriological, serological, histological and immunohistochemical findings in laying hens with naturally acquired salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection. | salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 was isolated from the reproductive tract of 10 (27 per cent) of 37 laying hens from three small flocks with a naturally acquired infection. the rapid slide agglutination test with salmonella pullorum-antigen was positive in 24 (64.9 per cent) of the 37 hens including the six hens in which the ovary was colonised and the 10 in which the oviduct was colonised. by immunohistochemical labelling s enteritidis was demonstrated in seven of eight culture-positive hens ... | 1993 | 8310606 |
| evolutionary origin and radiation of the avian-adapted non-motile salmonellae. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was employed to estimate chromosomal genotypic diversity and relationships among 131 isolates of the non-motile salmonella biotypes gallinarum and pullorum (serotype 1, 9, 12:-:-) that cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, respectively. thirteen electrophoretic types (ets), marking clones, were distinguished, and construction of a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree revealed three lineages: one consisted of five ets of gallinarum, a second included seven ets ... | 1993 | 8429538 |
| research note: differential chemotaxis of physarum polycephalum to salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum. | the chemotactic and chemotropic responses of the plasmodial stage of the slime mold physarum polycephalum were used to distinguish salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum from 10 salmonella serovars that are commonly isolated from domestic poultry. utilizing an in vitro plasmodium agar plate assay method, p. polycephalum was attracted to s. gallinarum and s. pullorum, but the organism was repelled by salmonella derby, salmonella dublin, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella heidelberg, salmon ... | 1993 | 8479960 |
| differentiation of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum by their whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester profiles. | the whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles of salmonella (s.) gallinarum and salmonella (s.) pullorum strains were compared in the computer-linked gas-liquid chromatography. the profiles of whole cellular fames allow the separation and identification s. gallinarum and s. pullorum by the microbial identification system and so can be used for their differentiation. | 1996 | 8794698 |
| comparison of modified tecra visual immunoassay with aoac method 989.14 and reference culture methods 967.25-967.28 for detection of salmonella in foods and related samples. | a validation study was conducted to compare a new modified version of the tecra salmonella visual immunoassay (mod. via) with the original immunoassay (aoac method 989.14) and the reference culture methods (967.25-967.28). the mod. via was supplemented with polyclonal antibodies to salmonella pullorum and s. gallinarum, and compared favorably with aoac method 989.14 in sensitivity, inclusivity, and exclusivity studies. the ability of the mod. via to recover salmonella from artificially contamina ... | 1996 | 8946713 |
| detecting infections of chickens with recent salmonella pullorum isolates using standard serological methods. | despite extensive testing for salmonella pullorum infections in commercial poultry, occasional outbreaks of pullorum disease still occur. in some recent instances, questions have been raised about whether standard serological assays, which employ antigen strains selected several decades ago, are still able to detect currently prevalent s. pullorum strains. the present study evaluated the ability of standard rapid whole-blood plate agglutination test and serum tube agglutination test antigens to ... | 1997 | 9037683 |
| immune and physiological responses of turkeys with green-liver osteomyelitis complex. | a study of field turkeys was undertaken in order to determine the involvement of relative immunological differences in the etiology of turkey osteomyelitis complex (toc). lame and normal turkeys were sampled from commercial flocks just prior to processing in two separate trials. after testing for functions of both humoral and cellular immunity, the turkeys were necropsied and examined for lesions of toc. there were significantly higher relative spleen and over weights and significantly lower bod ... | 1997 | 9057207 |
| detection of motility and putative synthesis of flagellar proteins in salmonella pullorum cultures. | salmonella pullorum is a host-adapted pathogen of poultry previously thought to be nonmotile and nonflagellated. we discovered that motility can be induced in this organism under special medium conditions, and this motility was observed in 39 of 44 s. pullorum isolates tested. the migration appeared to occur only on the medium surface and not within the medium itself, indicating that swimming may not be responsible for this event. agar concentration, carbohydrate concentration and type, and temp ... | 1997 | 9157122 |
| status of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections in poultry in zambia. | ten outbreaks of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections on poultry farms in zambia were investigated. three cases were seen in day-old broiler chickens and were diagnosed by culture as s. gallinarum-pullorum and characterized as pullorum disease because the mortality was only in the first few weeks. another case was diagnosed by culture from broiler parent stock. day-old chicks from two of the three cases were supplied by a hatchery. five cases in 5-to-18-month-old layer chickens were diagnos ... | 1997 | 9201422 |
| serologic incidence of some diseases in kansas wild turkeys. | wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo, n = 1164) were tested for mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis, mycoplasma synoviae, and salmonella pullorum from 1990 to 1997. although 3.3% of the turkeys were suspect for one or more diseases, only 0.9% were serologically positive for m. gallisepticum. these 11 positives were all from one country in south-central kansas. | 1998 | 9645333 |
| growth of salmonella enteritidis and s. pullorum on hektoen agar and the expression of lipopolysaccharide or flagella. | growth of strains of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella pullorum on hektoen agar has been reported to influence the expression of long-chain lipopolysaccharide and motility respectively. in this study we used a panel of strains of s. enteritidis and s. pullorum to investigate these phenomena. culture on hektoen agar did not cause rough strains of s. enteritidis to express long-chain lipopolysaccharide or strains of s. pullorum to become motile. it was concluded that growth of strains of s. en ... | 1998 | 9673020 |
| application of flagella-based immunoassays for serologic detection of salmonella pullorum infection in chickens. | occasional salmonella pullorum outbreaks still occur in commercial poultry flocks despite widespread serologic testing, raising concerns about the efficacy of standard agglutination-based serologic assays for detecting infections with current field strains. the recent observation that many s. pullorum strains are recognized by antibodies to certain salmonella flagellar proteins suggests that similar antibodies might be elicited in infected birds. in the present study, flagella-based enzyme immun ... | 1998 | 9876853 |
| salmonella pullorum in the common pheasant (phasianus colchicus). | in 1996, pullorum disease due to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (salmonella pullorum) was diagnosed in pheasants on a gamebird rearing enterprise in south-west scotland. the gross pathology and bacteriological findings are described, as are the results of screening for s pullorum on the site in 1997. the causal organism was readily isolated from the lung, liver, yolk sac and heart blood on direct culture, but less readily from the digestive tract or by the use of selectiv ... | 1999 | 10204223 |
| health evaluation of free-ranging rockhopper penguins (eudyptes chrysocomes) in argentina. | as part of annual colony counts in santa cruz province, argentina, a health survey of rockhopper penguins (eudyptes chrysocomes) was conducted in 1994. forty-five birds were examined during handling procedures, and blood and fecal samples were collected for laboratory analysis. all birds appeared to be in good condition. no ecto- or endoparasites were found. hematology, plasma chemistry, and plasma mineral levels were measured and correlated with the results of bacterial and viral serology. anti ... | 1999 | 10367640 |
| early events in the pathogenesis of avian salmonellosis. | salmonellae are gastrointestinal pathogens of man and animals. however, strains that are host-specific avian pathogens are often avirulent in mammals, and those which are nonspecific are commensal in poultry. the objective of this study was to determine whether host specificity was exhibited by bacterial abilities to invade epithelial cells or resist leukocyte killing. in this study, leukocytes isolated from humans and chickens were used to kill salmonella in vitro. both salmonella pullorum, an ... | 1999 | 10377142 |
| vaccination for control of salmonella in poultry. | salmonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens causing localised or systemic infections, in addition to a chronic asymptomatic carrier state. they are of worldwide economic and public health significance. in poultry, which represent important sources of cheap protein throughout the world, fowl typhoid and pullorum disease continue to cause economic losses in those parts of the world where the poultry industries are continuing to intensify and where open sided housing is common. a number ... | 1999 | 10418900 |
| pathogenicity of salmonella enteritidis phage types 4, 8, and 23 in broiler chicks. | four hundred fifty day-old hubbard broiler chicks were subdivided into 15 groups of 30 chicks each. six groups of chicks received 0.5 ml of broth culture containing 5 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) of salmonella enteritidis (se) phage types (pts) 4, 8, and 23 by crop gavage. similarly, six other groups received 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(8) cfu of se. one group was inoculated with 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(6) cfu of salmonella pullorum, and another group received 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(8) cfu ... | 1999 | 10494420 |
| salmonella typhimurium infection in domesticated fowl in a children's zoo. | salmonella typhimurium infection occurred in a children's zoo where 11 fowl and 85 mammals were kept. initially, the guinea pigs were infected and transmitted the infection to the fowl and rabbits. these mammals responded to medication and cleared of the infection; however, the birds were judged to contain excreters despite four regimens of treatment with antibiotics. cloacal swabs were taken from all the birds. one turkey was positive for salmonella and was destroyed. pooled fecal samples from ... | 1999 | 10494436 |
| temporal changes in the population genetics of salmonella pullorum. | salmonella pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease, which is characterized by white diarrhea and a high mortality rate in poultry. during the 1990s, the serologic "pullorum" test has occasionally failed to detect infected birds during the early stage of disease. to determine if any recent genetic changes have taken place in s. pullorum to account for poor seroconversion sometimes observed in infected flocks, s. pullorum from 1990s outbreaks and strains isolated prior to the 1980s were typed by ... | 1999 | 10611985 |
| antibodies to selected disease agents in translocated wild turkeys in california. | wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) trapped within california (n = 715) or imported into california from other states (n = 381) from 1986 to 1996 were tested for exposure to certain disease agents. prevalence of antibody to mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis, salmonella pullorum, salmonella typhimurium, newcastle disease virus, and avian influenza virus was low (0-4%) for wild turkeys trapped within california. with the exception of antibody prevalence to m. meleagridis of 33%, the ... | 2000 | 10682760 |
| some probiotic properties of chicken lactobacilli. | the beneficial effect of lactobacilli has been attributed to their ability to colonize human and animal gastrointestinal tracts. in this work, adhesion assays with three lactobacillus strains and intestinal fragments obtained from chickens were assessed. lactobacillus animalis and l. fermentum were able to adhere to three kinds of epithelial cells (crop, small and large intestines) with predominance to small intestine. among the strains considered, l. fermentum subsp. cellobiosus showed the lowe ... | 1999 | 10696476 |
| the effects of dietary mannaoligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the ceca of salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. | the ability of different enteric pathogens and coliforms to trigger agglutination of yeast cells (saccharomyces cerevisiae, ncyc 1026) and a yeast cell wall preparation (mos) was examined. five of seven strains of escherichia coli and 7 of 10 strains of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis agglutinated mos and sac. cerevisiae cells. strains of salmonella choleraesuis, salmonella pullorum, and campylobacter did not lead to agglutination. two strains that agglutinated mos (s. typhimur ... | 2000 | 10735748 |
| differentiation of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype pullorum from biotype gallinarum by analysis of phase 1 flagellin c gene (flic). | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum and biotype pullorum are non-motile and pathogenic avian strains. biotype gallinarum causes fowl typhoid and biotype pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease in chickens. the two biotypes could be differentiated based on biochemical characteristics. however, conventional culture and biochemical assays are time-consuming, laborious and need sterile laboratory practices. although the two biotypes, gallinarum and pullorum are non-motile, t ... | 2000 | 10739340 |
| characterization of swimming motility and identification of flagellar proteins in salmonella pullorum isolates. | to identify swimming motility in salmonella pullorum isolates and to characterize the flagellar proteins produced by motile isolates. | 1999 | 10791949 |
| fowl typhoid and pullorum disease. | fowl typhoid (ft) and pullorum disease (pd) are septicaemic diseases, primarily of chickens and turkeys, caused by gram negative bacteria, salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum, respectively. clinical signs in chicks and poults include anorexia, diarrhoea, dehydration, weakness and high mortality. in mature fowl, ft and pd are manifested by decreased egg production, fertility, hatchability and anorexia, and increased mortality. gross and microscopic lesions due to ft and pd in chicks and poults ... | 2000 | 10935271 |
| protective effect of enterococcus faecium j96, a potential probiotic strain, on chicks infected with salmonella pullorum. | enterococcus faecium j96 was isolated from a healthy free-range chicken and it inhibited salmonella pullorum, in vitro, due to its lactic acid and bacteriocin production. in vivo assays were carried out with 30-h-old broiler chicks. the lactic acid bacteria (approximately 1 x 10(9) cells per chick) were orally administered as preventive and as therapeutic treatments. in the first case they were given to the chicks twice a day for 3 consecutive days. in the second case the lactic bacteria were ad ... | 2000 | 11041131 |