Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| chemosensory responses of swimming algae and protozoa. | 2000 | 97241 | |
| evaluation of possible mutagenicity of the condiment clove when administered alone or in combination with caffeine in drosophila melanogaster. | 2000 | 98437 | |
| five years of angiographic and clinical follow-up after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. | the first 67 consecutive patients (77 lesions) who underwent successful coronary angioplasty (ptca) at our hospital were clinically followed with serial exercise testing over a 5-year (4 to 7) observation period. two sequential angiographic controls were performed 6.9 +/- 4.6 (64 patients) and 49.5 +/- 21.6 (42 patients) months after ptca. the 5-year risk of cardiac death was 8%, of myocardial infarction 2%, or coronary artery bypass grafting 16% and of repeat ptca 8%. at 5 years, 67% of the pat ... | 2000 | 2627948 |
| protection against experimental fowl typhoid by parenteral administration of live sl5828, an aroa-serc (aromatic dependent) mutant of a wild-type salmonella gallinarum strain made lysogenic for p22 sie. | a wild-type strain of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum, lysogenized with p22 sie (superinfection-exclusion defective) was greatly attenuated for newly hatched or 21-day-old chickens. an aroa transductant of the lysogenic strain and an aroa-serc tetracycline-sensitive deletion or deletioninversion mutant of the latter were equally attenuated. intramuscular administration of the aroa-serc strain to 21-day-old chickens protected them against oral challenge with 10(6) colony forming units of ... | 2000 | 19184834 |
| molecular epidemiology of salmonella gallinarum in chickens in tanzania. | a molecular epidemiological investigation of salmonella gallinarum infection in scavenging local chickens and commercial layers in tanzania was conducted between august 1997 and april 1998. a total of 1152 chickens were randomly selected from 10 villages and seven commercial farms. for serological and cultural prevalence studies, 1152 blood samples and 912 cloacal swabs were collected. in scavenging local chickens, the individual serological and cultural prevalences were 6.3 and 0%, while the pr ... | 2000 | 19184838 |
| observations on the persistence and vertical transmission of salmonella enterica serovars pullorum and gallinarum in chickens: effect of bacterial and host genetic background. | commercial laying hens inoculated with a strain of salmonella enterica ser. pullorum when they were 4 days old showed no morbidity, but harboured infection until they came into lay, and then produced s. pullorum-contaminated eggs and infected progeny. there was limited evidence of transmission of maternal immunity to the progeny. attempts were made to set up similar infections in hens with salmonella gallinarum, but without success. infection either resulted in clinical disease or elimination of ... | 2001 | 19184904 |
| protein engineering to change thermal stability for food enzymes. | in this review we have briefly indicated how the present state of knowledge allows proteins to be mutated to increase or decrease stability. we have discussed experiments on both model proteins and those of relevance to the food industry, and show how hydrophobic forces are a major driving force for folding as well as having a major role in thermostability. we have also indicated the large contribution that hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions and, in a less well predicted way, disulphid ... | 2001 | 1783192 |
| complications associated with therapeutic soft contact lenses. | the complications of therapeutic hydrophilic contact lens wear are systematically outlined. hypoxia is the major cause of initial patient failure as well as the long-term problems of corneal edema, neovascularization, and susceptibility to infection. the common difficulties with lens breakage, lens deposits, poor lens retention, and other entities are discussed. suggestions for avoiding and treating various complications are given, including updated indications and contraindications for fitting ... | 2001 | 93261 |
| fine structure and evolution of dna in heterochromatin. | 2001 | 98264 | |
| [physiologic effects of altered gravitation]. | 2001 | 97873 | |
| post-traumatic epilepsy. | 2001 | 98198 | |
| salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum requires the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type iii secretion system but not the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type iii secretion system for virulence in chickens. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is a host-specific serotype that causes the severe systemic disease fowl typhoid in domestic poultry and a narrow range of other avian species but rarely causes disease in mammalian hosts. specificity of the disease is primarily at the level of the reticuloendothelial system, but few virulence factors have been described other than the requirement for an 85-kb virulence plasmid. in this work, by making functional mutations in the type iii secretion systems ... | 2001 | 11500419 |
| evaluation of a new chromogenic medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of salmonella species from stool specimens. | the performance of bbl chromagar salmonella (becton dickinson, france), a new selective chromogenic medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of salmonella spp., was evaluated. on this medium, which is a modification of chromagar salmonella (chromagar microbiology, france) with enhanced selectivity, the colonies of salmonella are stained in mauve (rose-violet), while those of other organisms appear in blue-green or are not stained by any of the chromogens of the medium. the medium ... | 2001 | 11681435 |
| classification of grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions seen at postmortem in canadian poultry abattoirs according to a hazard identification decision tree. | this study was designed to review all grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions (gdacs) encountered in poultry in canadian abattoirs to determine which have potential to cause adverse health effects for the consumer. review of the literature and consultation with scientists in the field of microbiology, epidemiology, poultry pathology, chemistry, and meat inspection served to generate an inventory of gdacs, and a decision tree containing algorithms was developed to identify gdacs potential ... | 2001 | 11770626 |
| the spread of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine strain under field conditions. | a live vaccine based on an attenuated salmonella gallinarum 9r strain is in use in a salmonella enteritidis control program in commercial layer flocks in the netherlands. in a field study, the potential spread of the vaccine strain from vaccinated flocks to nonvaccinated flocks has been studied after both the primary and the booster injection at four different rearing farms and at one layer farm. the vaccinated and the nonvaccinated flocks were monitored at regular intervals by bacteriologic and ... | 2001 | 11785873 |
| differential diagnosis of salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum using pcr-relp. | salmonellosis in poultry of korea is a significant health problem, which causes substantial economic losses. the most common causative agents of chicken salmonellosis ar s. gallinarum and s. pullorum. traditional methods used to detect salmoenella spp. in chicken are tedious, time consuming and confer little guarantee of sensitivity and species specificity. therefore, a rapid and sensitive method for the differentiation of salmonella serogroup d was assessed. we first amplified the rfbs genes by ... | 2001 | 12441691 |
| vaccination against salmonella enteritidis in dutch commercial layer flocks with a vaccine based on a live salmonella gallinarum 9r strain: evaluation of efficacy, safety, and performance of serologic salmonella tests. | this study describes a field trial in which 80 commercial layer flocks, with an increased risk of salmonella enteritidis (se) infection and placed on farms with a certified standardized biosecurity programme (sbp) or a request for a sbp certificate, were vaccinated with a vaccine based on a live attenuated salmonella gallinarum (sg) 9r strain. an evaluation is presented of the efficacy of the vaccine against se infections, the effect on the performance of serologic salmonella tests, and the spre ... | 2001 | 11332503 |
| competitive exclusion against salmonella gallinarum of salmonella enteritidis infected chickens. | to evaluate the degree of competitive exclusion against salmonella gallinarum(s. gallinarum) of salmonella enteritidis(s. enteritidis) infected chickens, fifty-six, 4-week old hyline layer suspected of s. enteritidis infection were challenged with s. gallinarum. all chickens were tested for s. enteritidis isolation using cloacal swabs and serum plate agglutination test using s. enteritidis ag. before challenge and classified into four groups(se isolated, se nonisolated, se seropositive and se se ... | 2001 | 14614291 |
| efficacy of crude extract of aloe secundiflora against salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected free-range chickens in tanzania. | the ethnoveterinary use of aloe species extract in free-range local chickens against fowl typhoid was investigated. five-months-old local chickens, free of antibodies against fowl typhoid were used. the chickens were randomly assorted into five groups including pretreated and infected (g1, n=21), infected and untreated (g2, n=21), infected and treated (g3, n=21), untreated and uninfected (g4, n=10) and treated uninfected (g5, n=10). groups 1, 2 and 3 were inoculated with 5.0 x 10(8) c.f.u/ml of ... | 2002 | 11849835 |
| virulence analysis of a salmonella gallinarum strain by oral inoculation of 20-day-old chickens. | in order to know the effect of in vitro passages on the pathogenicity of the salmonella gallinarum strain inta 91, a lyophilized culture was compared with the same strain recently isolated from a sick bird. the mean lethal dose (ld50) of the orally administered lyophilized culture was determined as 2.04 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu)/chicken. there was no correlation between the ld50 dose and the degree of disease produced; doses 10 or 100 times higher than the calculated ld50 did not produc ... | 2002 | 11922332 |
| nucleotide and amino acid sequences of orit-tram-traj-tray-traa-tral regions and mobilization of virulence plasmids of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, gallinarum-pullorum, and typhimurium. | the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum-pullorum (pspv) but not those of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis (psev) and typhimurium (pstv) can be readily mobilized by an f or f-like conjugative plasmid. to investigate the reason for the difference, the orit-tram-traj-tray-traa-tral regions of the three salmonella virulence plasmids (psvs) were cloned and their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were examined. the cloned fragments were generally mobilized mor ... | 2002 | 12003924 |
| comparative pathogenesis of experimental infections with salmonella gallinarum in local and commercial chickens. | the pathogenicity of a virulent strain of salmonella gallinarum was studied in local chickens and commercial layers. sixty 4-month-old chickens were used. of these, 50 chickens were orally infected with s. gallinarum, comprising 25 commercial layers and 25 local chickens. five chickens in each group were used as uninfected negative controls. the clinical signs and pathological features of acute, subacute and chronic fowl typhoid were observed in both groups. chickens in both groups seroconverted ... | 2002 | 12094675 |
| surface plasmon resonance (biacore) detection of serum antibodies against salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium. | we have used a surface plasmon resonance biosensor (biacore 3000) to detect serum antibodies in chickens having current or recent infections. three well-defined salmonella flagellar recombinant dna antigens reflecting salmonella enteritidis (h:g,m flagellin) and salmonella typhimurium (h:i and h:1,2 flagellins) expressed in escherichia coli were each immobilized in a single flow cell of a biosensor chip. glutathione-s-transferase was immobilized on the surface of another flow cell to monitor non ... | 2002 | 12133620 |
| in vivo and in vitro studies of genetic resistance to systemic salmonellosis in the chicken encoded by the sal1 locus. | a number of inbred lines of chickens have been shown to be resistant or susceptible to systemic salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in adult birds, or by s. enterica serovar enteritidis and s. enterica serovar typhimurium in young chicks. resistant lines show only moderate pathology and low mortality rates, whereas susceptible lines display extensive pathological changes and higher levels of mortality following salmonella infection. genetic resistance to salmonellosis ... | 2002 | 12361910 |
| distribution and characterization of class 1 integrons in salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum. | fowl typhoid caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum is the most important chicken disease in korea. due to appearance of new or multiple antibiotics resistances in the recently isolated strains, it was difficult to control the disease using antibiotics in our country. therefore, the prevalence and genetic contents of class 1 integrons in biotype gallinarum isolated between 1992 and 2001 were investigated by pcr and direct sequencing, respectively. ou ... | 2002 | 12383639 |
| serological monitoring of 40 swiss fancy breed poultry flocks. | rapid serum agglutination, haemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to screen swiss fancy breed chicken flocks for antibodies against 12 avian infectious agents. for this purpose, 1,002 blood samples from 40 flocks were collected and tested. ten percent of the samples were positive for salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and 62.5% of the flocks were affected. more than 75% of the flocks had antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum/mycoplasma synoviae, infectiou ... | 2002 | 12396360 |
| comparison of intestinal invasion and macrophage response of salmonella gallinarum and other host-adapted salmonella enterica serovars in the avian host. | the purpose of this investigation was to study the host specific infection of salmonella gallinarum in chickens and to determine the contribution of intestinal invasion and macrophage survival in relation to systemic infection in the host. this was carried out by comparing the kinetics of infection of s. gallinarum to that of other salmonella host-adapted (s. cholerae-suis, s. dublin and s. typhimurium) and host-specific (s. pullorum and s. abortus-ovis) serovars. establishment of the rate of co ... | 2003 | 12488070 |
| comparison of the immune responses against salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection between naked neck chickens and a commercial chicken line. | the immune responses of indigenous naked neck (nana and nana) and normally feathered (nana) chickens against a salmonella gallinarum (sg) infection were evaluated and compared with those of a commercial line (b-380). groups of 28-day-old chickens (nana, nana, nana, and b-380) were immunized orally and subcutaneously with 50 microg of sg antigens. control non-immunized animals were inoculated with sterile saline solution. all chickens were challenged with 1 ld(50) of sg and mortality was recorded ... | 2003 | 12745372 |
| occurrence and regulation of the multicellular morphotype in salmonella serovars important in human disease. | multicellular behavior in salmonella typhimurium atcc14028 called the rdar morphotype is characterized by the expression of the extracellular matrix components cellulose and curli fimbriae. over 90% of s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis strains from human disease, food and animals expressed the rdar morphotype at 28 degrees c. regulation of the rdar morphotype occurred via the response regulator ompr, which activated transcription of csgd required for production of cellulose and curli fimbriae. s ... | 2003 | 14503792 |
| adhesion of probiotic lactobacilli to chick intestinal mucus. | in the present work, interactions between three lactobacillus strains (lactobacillus fermentum crl1015, lactobacillus animalis crl1014, and lactobacillus fermentum crl1016) and chicken small intestinal mucus were determined. three lactobacilli isolated from chicken and selected by their potentially probiotic properties were able to grow in mucus preparations. three peaks from gel filtration chromatography of intestinal mucus were obtained. the adhesion to three mucus fractions (i, ii, and iii), ... | 2003 | 14569288 |
| biochemical characteristics and antimicrobials susceptibility of salmonella gallinarum isolated in korea. | fowl typhoid (ft) reported since 1992 in korea is a septicemic disease of domestic birds caused by salmonella gallinarum (s. gallinarum). the purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical characteristics and antimicrobials susceptibility of field isolates of s. gallinarum isolated by year in korea. a total of 258 isolates of s. gallinarum from 1995 to 2001 showed the same pattern in the majority of biochemical test such as imvic (indole, methyl red, voges-proskauer and citrate utiliza ... | 2003 | 14610370 |
| salmonella gallinarum gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative organism of fowl typhoid, and an outbreak of fowl typhoid in korea was confirmed in 1992. the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in fluoroquinolone susceptibility among s. gallinarum isolates from 1995 to 2001, and to analyse mutations of the gyra gene in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. among 258 s. gallinarum isolates tested by the disk diffusion method, isolates from 1995 (n=18) were ... | 2004 | 15276996 |
| influence of antibiotics on growth dynamics and movement ability of salmonella rods. | variety of traits important in diagnostics and epidemiology of pathogenic microorganisms may change due to antibiotics. movement ability, that is characteristic for every serovar except from salmonella gallinarum-pullorum, is important to salmonellas. in own experiments using semi-fluid msrv medium, it was found that a decrease in salmonella sensibility to selected antibiotics and chemiotherapeutics due to passage might lead to weakening of its movement ability. movement ability of all strains ( ... | 2004 | 15633786 |
| development of a pcr system for the characterisation of salmonella flagellin genes. | analysis of flagellin genes was carried out on strains of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella hadar, salmonella abortusequi, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum serovars, using a pcr system designed in this study. the purpose of these studies was to explore the flagellin genes of biphasic and monophasic salmonellae for future targeted genetic interventions. the pcr primers were designed for two different structural genes of flagellin (flic, fljb), for the repressor of flic (flja), fo ... | 2005 | 15959975 |
| the genome of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum: distinct insertions/deletions and rare rearrangements. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is a fowl-adapted pathogen, causing typhoid fever in chickens. it has the same antigenic formula (1,9,12:--:--) as s. enterica serovar pullorum, which is also adapted to fowl but causes pullorum disease (diarrhea). the close relatedness but distinct pathogeneses make this pair of fowl pathogens good models for studies of bacterial genomic evolution and the way these organisms acquired pathogenicity. to locate and characterize the genomic differences between ... | 2005 | 15995186 |
| novel haemolysins of salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar gallinarum. | haemolysins of salmonella are important due to their probable role in pathogenesis of systemic salmonellosis and use in sub-serovar level typing. the present study was undertaken to determine haemolytic potential of salmonella gallinarum strains through phenotypic and genotypic methods. amplification of haemolysin gene (clya) and cytolysin gene (slya) was attempted in order to determine their role in haemolysin production. study on 94 strains of s. gallinarum revealed the production of two types ... | 2005 | 16053269 |
| effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1 on progress of salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail: clinical signs and hematologic studies. | to study the individual and combined effects of fumonisin b1 (fb1) toxicity and salmonella serotype gallinarum infection, japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed fusarium moniliforme culture material (2.5%), 150 mg fb1/kg ration, and were subsequently challenged orally with salmonella gallinarum organisms (2 x 10(4) colony-forming units) at 21 days of age. the chicks were fed culture material containing fb1 from day 5 till the end of the experiment. after being infected with salmone ... | 2005 | 16094834 |
| characterization of fimh adhesins expressed by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum: reconstitution of mannose-binding properties by single amino acid substitution. | recombinant fimh adhesins of type 1 fimbriae from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum, in contrast to those of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, did not bind to high-mannose oligosaccharides or to human colon carcinoma ht-29 cells. however, mutated fimh proteins from biovar gallinarum and biovar pullorum, in which the isoleucine at position 78 was replaced by the threonine found in s. enterica serovar typhimurium, bound well to glycoproteins carrying hig ... | 2005 | 16113346 |
| differentiation of salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum from salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum by pcr-rflp of the fimh gene. | in our studies on fimh adhesins expressed by different salmonella serovars, we cloned and sequenced the fimh genes from salmonella enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar gallinarum and s. enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar pullorum. comparison of the nucleotide sequences revealed the presence of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) at position 544 bp from the a of the start codon of the fimh open reading frame (orf). further analysis of the restriction enzyme sites in fimh ge ... | 2005 | 16115094 |
| fowl typhoid in caged layer birds. | 2005 | 16127143 | |
| identification of salmonella gallinarum virulence genes in a chicken infection model using pcr-based signature-tagged mutagenesis. | salmonella gallinarum (sg) is a non-motile host-adapted salmonella that causes fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. this study describes the application of a pcr-based signature-tagged mutagenesis system to identify in vivo-essential genes of sg. ninety-six pools representing 1152 sg mutants were screened in a natural-host chicken infection model. twenty presumptive attenuated mutants were identified and examined f ... | 2005 | 16339940 |
| safety and efficacy of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine in young laying chickens. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the agent of fowl typhoid, and the 9r vaccine is a commercially available, live vaccine for the prevention of fowl typhoid. the aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the 9r vaccine in young chickens. the mean weights of 5-week-old chickens vaccinated with one and 10 doses at 2 weeks old were 450.3+/-33.83 g and 446.8+/-35.68 g, respectively, which were statistically lower (p<0.05) than the mean weight ... | 2005 | 16147574 |
| [specified pathogen-free poultry flocks: the current situation]. | before the implementation of strategies to establish specified pathogen-free commercial poultry flocks, the ultimate goals need to be identified: 1) consumer protection by minimizing the risk for zoonotic diseases and food-borne pathogens, and/or 2) animal health protection against primary and secondary pathogens. the success for the establishment of specific pathogen-free poultry flocks depends on the biological characteristics, the epidemiological distribution and the transmission route of eac ... | 2005 | 16218186 |
| oral infection with the salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum 9r attenuated live vaccine as a model to characterise immunity to fowl typhoid in the chicken. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality amongst infected flocks. due to its virulence, the immune response to s. gallinarum is poorly characterised. in this study we have utilised infection by the live attenuated s. gallinarum 9r vaccine strain in inbred chickens to characterise humoral, cellular and cytokine responses to systemic salmonellosis. | 2005 | 16221297 |
| effect of ochratoxin a on broiler chicks challenged with salmonella gallinarum. | 1. a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ochratoxin a (oa) on broiler chicks challenged with salmonella gallinarum. 2. one hundred and seventy-six 1-d-old broiler chicks were divided into two groups of 88 chicks each, with one group fed on a control mash diet and the other given a mash diet containing 2 ppm oa. on d 14, each group was further subdivided into two groups with one group infected with s. gallinarum and the other uninfected. 3. following s. gallinarum inoculation on d 14, ... | 2005 | 16268101 |
| allele-specific pcr method based on rfbs sequence for distinguishing salmonella gallinarum from salmonella pullorum: serotype-specific rfbs sequence polymorphism. | cloning and sequence analysis of rfbs gene identified two polymorphic nucleotides, one at position 598 (salmonella gallinarum-specific) and other at position 237 (salmonella pullorum-specific). based on s. gallinarum-specific nucleotide found at position 598, an allele-specific pcr method was developed for serotype-specific detection of s. gallinarum. this pcr method was able to discriminate pure cultures of s. gallinarum from s. pullorum and other salmonella serotypes from serogroup d in less t ... | 2005 | 15590091 |
| individual and combined effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material, containing known levels of fumonisin b1, and salmonella gallinarum infection on liver of japanese quail. | three hundred day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups with 150 quail in each group. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, while fusarium moniliforme culture material was added to quail mash in the second group from day 5 of age and was supplied at a rate of 150 ppm fumonisin b1 (fb1)/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonel ... | 2005 | 16405006 |
| [the excretory apparatus and diabetes]. | 2005 | 545627 | |
| spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage with schwannoma. | 2005 | 1181816 | |
| lymphocyte markers and circulating immune complexes in primary glomerulonephritis. | 2005 | 549018 | |
| [clinical and etiological studies of glucocorticoid-reactive hypertension]. | 2005 | 1236988 | |
| [establishments of standards for noxious substances in the atmosphere]. | 2005 | 1224696 | |
| [circular eye tracking test (cett)--the first report--simultaneous recording of horizontal ett and vertical ett, decrease of artifacts (author's transl)]. | 2005 | 1236940 | |
| pediatric hematology and oncology in norway: a brief historical review. | before world war ii no real subspecialization occurred in norweigan pediatrics. in the early 1950s hematology and oncology were adopted as fields of special interest by a few norwegian pediatricians. gradually an increasing expansion has taken place, particularly in pediatric oncology, in parallel with the great advances in cancer treatment. | 2005 | 1782111 |
| cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to a virulent plasmid-cured mutant strain of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum in broiler chickens. | one-week-old salmonella-free broiler chicks were subcutaneously immunized and subsequently boosted two weeks later with 2x10(7)cfu 0.5ml(-1) of an 85-kb virulent plasmid-cured spectinomycin-resistant mutant strain (sg9vp(-)spc(r)) of salmonella gallinarum 9 (s. enterica serotype gallinarum 9) along with a control group of mock-immunized chickens. the chicks were subcutaneously challenged at 5 weeks of age with 5x10(10)cfu 0.5ml(-1) (5xld(50)) of wild-type s. gallinarum var. duisburg (s. enterica ... | 2006 | 16510254 |
| molecular typing by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and detection of virulence genes of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid in chickens, outbreaks of which have devastated poultry populations in korea since 1992. in order to identify genetic differences among s. gallinarum isolates, bacteria were examined using the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method. of 13 arbitrary primers screened initially, the primer designated as universal rice primer-6 (urp-6) was selected for subsequent typing assays ... | 2006 | 17213701 |
| cytotoxic and antimicrobial benzophenones from the leaves of tovomita longifolia. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform and ethanol extracts of tovomita longifolia leaves using cytotoxic and antimicrobial assays resulted in the isolation of four new benzophenones, (e)-3-(2-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-methyleneoct-6-enyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (1), (e)-3-(6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (2), 8-benzoyl-2-(4-methylpenten-3-yl)chromane-3,5,7-triol (3), and 5-benzoyl-1,1,4a-trimethyl-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-xanthene-6,8-diol (4), and ... | 2006 | 16562847 |
| [rapid identification of riemerella anatipestifer on the basis of specific pcr amplifying 16s rdna]. | riemerella anatipestifer (ra) infection is the main disease causing severe losses in duck production. because ra is characterized more by the absence than by the presence of specific phenotypic properties and different scholar had the different results of biochemical detection, it can't always be identified quickly and correctly only by the phenotypic properties or biochemical characteristics. the research object was to develop a species specific pcr method for ra detection. because of the conse ... | 2006 | 16579457 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping of salmonella gallinarum and comparison with random amplified polymorphic dna. | salmonella gallinarum is gram-negative bacteria that cause fowl typhoid (ft) in chickens. since the first outbreak of ft reported in 1992 in korea, it has widely spread throughout the country. today, ft is one of the most devastating diseases of poultry. the aim of the present study was to ascertain a genetic relationship among s. gallinarum isolates collected from different regions of korea over a 10-year period. we examined a total of 38 isolates of s. gallinarum obtained in 29 regions of kore ... | 2006 | 16584852 |
| differences in resistance to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection among indigenous local chicken ecotypes in tanzania. | a study was conducted to evaluate the disease resistance potential in 105 chickens of six indigenous local chicken ecotypes in tanzania by orally challenging 1-week-old chicks with 2.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units of virulent s. gallinarum. for 14 days post infection, clinical signs, necropsy findings, antibody titres, packed cell volume, leukocyte population count, and viable bacterial cell counts in the liver and spleen were recorded. clinical signs were recorded daily but other parameters wer ... | 2006 | 16854638 |
| protection conferred by a live salmonella enteritidis vaccine against fowl typhoid in laying hens. | fowl typhoid is under control in poultry farms of developed countries, but it still endemically subsists in commercial laying hen farms of some countries. it has been demonstrated that salmonella live vaccines can elicit cross-immunity against members of the same kauffmann-white scheme serogroup. in this work, we explored the protection conferred by tad salmonella vac e, a live salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis vaccine, against fowl typhoid. three groups of laying hens were vaccinated with ... | 2006 | 16863082 |
| effect of metc mutation on salmonella gallinarum virulence and invasiveness in 1-day-old white leghorn chickens. | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid (ft) in chickens. ft is a severe systemic disease of chickens causing heavy economic losses to the poultry industry through mortality, reduced egg production and culling of precious breeding stocks. in this study, a metc (encoding cystathionine beta lyase) mutant was produced from a virulent strain of s. gallinarum by mini-tn5 insertional inactivation. the mutant was significantly attenuated in virulen ... | 2007 | 17046177 |
| fowl typhoid in a small backyard laying flock. | 2007 | 17351184 | |
| effects of crp deletion in salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum. | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum (s. gallinarum) remains an important pathogen of poultry, especially in developing countries. there is a need to develop effective and safe vaccines. in the current study, the effect of crp deletion was investigated with respect to virulence and biochemical properties and the possible use of a deletion mutant as vaccine candidate was preliminarily tested. | 2007 | 17488512 |
| characterization of a broad range antibacterial substance from a new bacillus species isolated from amazon basin. | a bacillus sp. strain producing a bacteriocin-like substance was characterized by biochemical profiling and 16s rdna sequencing. the phylogenetic analysis indicated that this strain has low sequence similarity with most bacillus spp., suggesting a new species was isolated. the antimicrobial activity was detected starting at the exponential growth phase, and maximum activity was observed at stationary phase. the substance was inhibitory to a broad range of indicator strains, including pathogenic ... | 2007 | 17534601 |
| control of salmonella gallinarum in swiss fancy breed flocks. | 2007 | 17720967 | |
| systemic translocation of salmonella enterica serovar dublin in cattle occurs predominantly via efferent lymphatics in a cell-free niche and requires type iii secretion system 1 (t3ss-1) but not t3ss-2. | salmonella enterica is an important diarrheal pathogen, and infections may involve severe systemic sequelae depending on serovar- and host-specific factors. the molecular mechanisms underlying translocation of host-restricted and -specific serovars of s. enterica from the intestines to distal organs are ill defined. by surgical cannulation of lymph and blood vessels draining the distal ileum in cattle, s. enterica serovar dublin was observed to translocate predominantly via mesenteric lymph node ... | 2007 | 17724072 |
| pathologic changes in extrahepatic organs and agglutinin response to salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail fed fusarium verticillioides culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1. | three hundred 1-day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups of 150 each. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, whereas fusarium verticillioides culture material (fcm) was added to quail mash in the second group from 5 days of age and supplied 150 mg fb1/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonella gallinarum alone group (group cs ... | 2007 | 17992930 |
| protective efficacy of live salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine in commercial layer flocks. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality. in this study we re-evaluated the ability of live s. gallinarum 9r vaccine to protect from wild-type s. gallinarum challenge. in laboratory trials, there was a significant difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated control groups in mortality and the re-isolation rate of the challenge strain from the tissues (p<0.05). in fiel ... | 2007 | 17994329 |
| capillary and microchip gel electrophoresis for simultaneous detection of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum by rfbs allele-specific pcr. | we report the use of capillary gel electrophoresis (cge) based on a rfbs allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the analysis and simultaneous detection of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum, which are the major bacterial pathogens in poultry. rfbs allele-specific pcr was used to concurrently amplify two specific 147- and 187-bp dna fragments for the simultaneous detection of s. pullorum and s. gallinarum at an annealing temperature of 54+/-1 degrees c and an mgcl(2) conce ... | 2007 | 19073049 |
| [sudden infant death]. | 2008 | 2588606 | |
| characterization of a t7-like lytic bacteriophage (phisg-jl2) of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum. | phisg-jl2 is a newly discovered lytic bacteriophage infecting salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum but is nonlytic to a rough vaccine strain of serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum (sg-9r), s. enterica serovar enteritidis, s. enterica serovar typhimurium, and s. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum. the phisg-jl2 genome is 38,815 bp in length (gc content, 50.9%; 230-bp-long direct terminal repeats), and 55 putative genes may be transcribed from the same strand. functio ... | 2008 | 18820072 |
| reproduction of fowl typhoid by respiratory challenge with salmonella gallinarum. | fowl typhoid is a disease of adult chickens and is caused by salmonella gallinarum infection via the alimentary tract. the experimental reproduction of fowl typhoid per os (po) requires artificial conditions to minimize the effect of gastric acid, and several salmonella serovars have been known to be transmitted via the respiratory route. therefore, we have hypothesized the existence of a respiratory route for salmonella gallinarum infection and have attempted to reproduce fowl typhoid via intra ... | 2008 | 18459315 |
| molecular diagnosis of salmonella species in captive psittacine birds. | cloacal swabs were collected from 280 captive psittacine birds belonging to 13 species. samples of dna were tested by pcr using a pair of primers that amplify a 284 base pair fragment of the salmonella genus inva gene, and the pcr-positive samples were tested by standard microbiological techniques. thirteen per cent of the samples were positive by pcr, but negative by microbiological techniques. the infection rates were significantly different among the 13 species, the most commonly infected bei ... | 2008 | 18567929 |
| individual and combined effects of ochratoxin a and salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection on pathological changes in broiler chickens. | a study was conducted to evaluate the individual and combined effects of ochratoxin a (oa) and salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) on gross and histopathological changes in broiler chickens. one hundred and seventy-six 1-day-old broiler chicks were divided into two groups of 88 chicks each; one group was fed a control mash diet, and the other group was fed a mash diet containing 2 parts/10(6) oa. on day 14, each group was further subdivided into two groups, with one group inoc ... | 2008 | 18568652 |
| comparative genome analysis of salmonella enteritidis pt4 and salmonella gallinarum 287/91 provides insights into evolutionary and host adaptation pathways. | we have determined the complete genome sequences of a host-promiscuous salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 isolate p125109 and a chicken-restricted salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum isolate 287/91. genome comparisons between these and other salmonella isolates indicate that s. gallinarum 287/91 is a recently evolved descendent of s. enteritidis. significantly, the genome of s. gallinarum has undergone extensive degradation through deletion and pseudogene formation. comparison of the ... | 2008 | 18583645 |
| salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum requires ppgpp for internalization and survival in animal cells. | to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum, we examined the expression of the genes encoded primarily in salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) and spi-2. these genes were found to be induced as cultures entered stationary phase under high- and low-oxygen growth conditions, as also observed for salmonella serovar typhimurium. in contrast, salmonella serovar gallinarum in the exponential growth phase most efficiently internalized cultured animal cells. anal ... | 2008 | 18621899 |
| fowl typhoid: assessment of a disinfectant oral dose to reduce horizontal spread and mortality. | to determine the most appropriate dose in drinking water of the disinfectant n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (timsen), a fowl typhoid challenge trial was carried out using 21-day-old salmonella-free chickens. in a pretrial, performed with six groups of 10 chickens each, it was shown that the disinfectant was atoxic and safe when administered during 15 days at doses of 0 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm, 800 ppm, 1600 ppm, or 3200 ppm. thereafter, a challenge trial was performed with 390 chickens ... | 2008 | 18646464 |
| a comparison of the oral application and injection routes using the onderstepoort biological products fowl typhoid vaccine, its safety, efficacy and duration of protection in commercial laying hens. | this study was undertaken to establish whether the onderstepoort biological products fowl typhoid (obpft) vaccine registered as an injectable vaccine was effective and safe when administered orally to commercial layers. its efficacy and duration of protection were compared with application by intramuscular injection. commercial brown layer hens were used as they were found to be highly susceptible to salmonella gallinarum infections. in the vaccine safety trial birds were euthanased at timed int ... | 2008 | 18678191 |
| [a short history of phage therapy]. | from 1920 to 1940, phage therapy was extensively used to treat various infectious diseases. in 1915, félix d'herelle followed cases of bacillary dysentery in the institut pasteur hospital. he observed "clear spots" on bacteria culture. in 1917, d'herelle presented a note to the "académie des sciences de paris" entitled: "on an invisible microbe, an antagonist of the dysentery bacillus". d'herelle named this microbial agent bactériophage. in 1919, there was an epidemic of "fowl typhoid" in france ... | 2008 | 18692974 |
| structural characterization and serological specificities of lipopolysaccharides from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains. | the structure and serological specificities of the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum were studied to provide an improved basis for the distinction between antigenic types and the development of improved diagnostic tests. the structure of the lps o-polysaccharide (o-ps) from s. pullorum standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains was determined by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical analysis. th ... | 2008 | 17855026 |
| gastrointestinal microbial ecology and the safety of our food supply as related to salmonella. | salmonella causes an estimated 1.3 million human foodborne illnesses and more than 500 deaths each year in the united states, representing an annual estimated cost to the economy of approximately $2.4 billion. salmonella enterica comprises more than 2,500 serotypes. with this genetic and environmental diversity, serotypes are adapted to live in a variety of hosts, which may or may not manifest with clinical illness. thus, salmonella presents a multifaceted threat to food production and safety. s ... | 2008 | 17878279 |
| distribution trends of salmonella serovars in india (2001-2005). | a total of 3079 samples were received and identified at the national salmonella and escherichia centre (nsec), central research institute, kasauli, india during 2001-2005. out of these, 2098 samples were from humans, 250 from animals, and 726 from meat, vegetables, seafood and the environment. the salmonella strains isolated were distributed among 35 different salmonella serovars. the most common serovars from humans were salmonella typhi (73%) and salmonella paratyphi a (24%) among typhoidal se ... | 2009 | 18950825 |
| the immunobiology of avian systemic salmonellosis. | avian systemic salmonellosis is primarily caused by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum and serovar pullorum causing the diseases fowl typhoid and pullorum disease respectively. during infection interaction with the immune system occurs in three main phases. first is invasion via the gastrointestinal tract. infection with s. pullorum or s. gallinarum does not cause substantial inflammation, unlike s. typhimurium or s. enteritidis. through in vitro models it was found that s. gallinarum does n ... | 2009 | 19070366 |
| host-specificity of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum: insights from comparative genomics. | in this study, we have identified the possible genetic factors responsible for fowl-adaptation of salmonella entericaserovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum). by comparing the genes related to salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi) of s. gallinarum with those of salmonella entericaserovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) we have identified twenty-four positively selected genes. our results suggest that the genes encoding the structural components of spi-2 encoded type three secretion apparatus (ttss) and ... | 2009 | 19454277 |
| comparative proteomic analysis on salmonella gallinarum and salmonella enteritidis exploring proteins that may incorporate host adaptation in poultry. | comparative proteomics analysis of the cytosolic proteins of salmonella gallinarum (sg) and salmonella enteritidis (se) isolated from poultry was performed. the constantly detected spots of serovar sg with concomitant absence in se serovar as well as those markedly over expressed in serovar se were selected for maldi-tof-ms identification. the ncbi-matched proteins that show overregulation were then further confirmed on the mrna level by quantitative real time pcr. identified proteins were repre ... | 2009 | 19477309 |
| prevalence of salmonella in vegetables from mexico. | the present study is an overview of the role of vegetables as a transmission vehicle of salmonella in mexico. one hundred samples of each of 17 different vegetables were analyzed during a period of 18 months. salmonella was isolated from 98 samples. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was isolated from the highest percentage of samples with typeable salmonella isolates (23.9%), followed by s. enterica subsp. arizonae and salmonella choleraesuis each from 16.9%, salmonella gallinarum from 11. ... | 2009 | 19610340 |
| towards the selection of chickens resistant to salmonella and campylobacter infections. | resistance to infection with enteric pathogens such as salmonella and campylobacter can be at many levels and include both non-immune and immune mechanisms. immune resistance mechanisms can be specific, at the level of the adaptive immune response, or non-specific, at the level of the innate immune response. whilst we can extrapolate to some degree in birds from what is known about immune responses to these pathogens in mammals, chickens are not "feathered mice", but have a different repertoire ... | 2009 | 19718951 |
| identification of salmonella pullorum genomic sequences using suppression subtractive hybridization. | pullorum disease affecting poultry is caused by salmonella enterica serovar pullorum and results in severe economic loss every year, especially in countries with a developing poultry industry. the pathogenesis of s. pullorum is not yet well defined, as the specific virulence factors still need to be identified. thus, to isolate specific dna fragments belonging to s. pullorum, this study used suppression subtractive hybridization. as such, the genome of the s. pullorum c79-13 strain was subtracte ... | 2009 | 19809245 |
| efficacy of several vaccination programmes in commercial layer and broiler breeder hens against experimental challenge with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | two experiments were performed to evaluate the protective effect of various vaccination combinations given at 5 and 9 weeks of age against experimental challenge with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) phage type 4 at 12 weeks of age. in experiment 1, groups of commercial layers were vaccinated by one of the following programmes: group 1, two doses of a se bacterin (layermune se); group 2, one dose of a live salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum vaccine (cevac sg9r) followed by one do ... | 2009 | 19937524 |
| a comparative study of the skin envelope of the unilateral cleft lip nose subsequent to rotation-advancement and triangular flap lip repairs. | the secondary nasal skin envelope asymmetries were studied after unilateral cleft lip repair using the original (obsolete) rotation-advancement (millard i) and the triangular flap techniques (bardach's modification). secondary correction of the nasal deformity was not performed in either group. our findings indicated that in both groups, vertical asymmetries of the nasal skin envelope were similar. the alar dome on the cleft side was depressed, the columella was shorter on the cleft side, and th ... | 2009 | 2762399 |
| the contribution of genes required for anaerobic respiration to the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum for chickens. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (sg) is an intracellular pathogen of chickens. to survive, to invade and to multiply in the intestinal tract and intracellularly it depends on its ability to produce energy in anaerobic conditions. the fumarate reductase (frdabcd), dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)-trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) reductase (dmsabc), and nitrate reductase (narghij) operons in salmonella typhimurium (stm) encode enzymes involved in anaerobic respiration to the electron acceptors fumara ... | 2009 | 24031452 |
| a defective mutant of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in cobalamin biosynthesis is avirulent in chickens. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (sg) is a fowl typhoid agent in chickens and is a severe disease with worldwide economic impact as its mortality may reach up to 80%. it is one of a small group of serovars that typically produces typhoid-like infections in a narrow range of host species and which therefore represents a good model for human typhoid. the survival mechanisms are not considered to be virulent mechanisms but are essential for the life of the bacterium. mutants of salmonella gal ... | 2009 | 24031393 |
| molecular differentiation between salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar pullorum and salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar gallinarum. | s. pullorum (sp) and s. gallinarum (sg) are very similar. they are the agents of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid, respectively, and the two diseases are responsible for economic losses in poultry production. although sp and sg are difficult to be differentiated in routine laboratory procedures, the ability to metabolize ornithine is a biochemical test that may be used to achieve this aim. while sp is able to decarboxylate this amino acid, sg is not. however, the isolation of strains showing at ... | 2009 | 24031341 |
| macrophage colony-stimulating factor (m-csf) enhances the capacity of murine macrophages to secrete oxygen reduction products. | the capacity of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (m-csf) to enhance respiratory burst activity in peritoneal macrophages was measured. macrophages incubated for 48 hr or more with concentrated l cell-conditioned medium as a source of m-csf released two to three times as much o2- in response to pma as did unexposed macrophages. stimulation was noted at concentrations of colony-stimulating activity from 0.1 to 2000 u/ml and was maximal at 10 to 100 u/ml. purified, endotoxin-free csf enhanced s ... | 2010 | 2991376 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum-pullorum in wild doves (zenaida asiatica and zenaida macroura) from the northeast of mexico. | a cross-sectional survey was conducted in order to determine the seroprevalence and to identify some factors associated with the presence of antibodies against salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum-pullorum in white-winged (zenaida asiatica) and mourning doves (zenaida macroura) from hunting areas of northeast mexico. from september to october 2006, 201 serum samples were analyzed with the seroagglutination test. the overall seroprevalence of s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar ... | 2010 | 19800701 |
| acute cholecystitis associated with hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine. | in a 1 year period, 13 patients underwent pump implantation for liver metastasis from a primary colorectal tumor. the gallbladders were not removed at the time of pump implantation in the initial six patients. in these patients, chemotherapy consisted of floxuridine given every 2 weeks followed by a 2 week rest period and cisplatin over 1 hour by way of the side portal on day 8 of the cycle. the treatment was repeated every 28 days. all patients whose gallbladders were not removed at the time of ... | 2010 | 2933968 |
| assessment of antimicrobial usage and residues in commercial chicken eggs from smallholder poultry keepers in morogoro municipality, tanzania. | occurrence of antimicrobial residues in commercial chicken eggs was determined in morogoro municipality between january and february 2007. twenty smallholder farmers were interviewed on the types of antimicrobials, reasons of use and their awareness on antimicrobial withdrawal period. seventy egg samples were collected for qualitative antimicrobial drug residues analysis by use of agar well diffusion and delvotest sp assays. it was found that farmers use antimicrobial drugs as prophylaxis and tr ... | 2010 | 19486498 |
| molecular epidemiology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella isolated from poultry in kashmir. | a total of 480 samples, comprising 429 faecal samples from healthy adult birds and 51 tissue samples from dead birds, were collected from four government poultry farms in the kashmir valley from september 2007 to april 2008. in all, 33 salmonella isolates were obtained. of these, 28 (84.85%) isolates were salmonella gallinarum, 3 (9.09%) were salmonella enteritidis and the remaining 2 (6.06%) were salmonella typhimurium. all the isolates harboured the inva, sefa, stn and spvc virulence-specific ... | 2010 | 21309466 |
| antibacterial activity of ecklonia cava against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and salmonella spp. | ecklonia cava is a brown alga (laminariales, phaeophyta) growing on the subtidal rocky shores of korea. it has antioxidant, antidiarrhea, and anticoagulant effects. in this study, the antimicrobial activity of e. cava etoh extract and its fractions (n-hexane, ch2cl2, etoac, n-buoh, and h2o) were investigated against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and salmonella spp. the e. cava etoac fraction showed good antibacterial activity against all bacteria. eckol isolated from e. cava etoac ... | 2010 | 20001325 |